Session 3 What are we calculating and why European energy standards related to the EPBD (TC371) New features in EN 15603

Transcription

Session 3
European energy standards related to the EPBD (TC371) New features in EN 15603 “Overall energy use and definition of energy ratings”
Laurent SOCAL
What are we calculating and why
EPBD takes into account the following confort services:
• Heating ∙ Ventilation
• Domestic hot water ∙ Cooling • Lighting
…
The objective is to calculate the «energy» required to provide those services:
• at a standardised level with standard boundary conditions (climate, use) but taking into account the real system Æ components properties and operating conditions
Æ energy performance for certificates and building permits
• taking into account actual service level and actual boundary conditions Æ energy audit, recommendations for energy saving measures
…also for existing and old systems to show the actual energy performance and the improvement potential
Structure of the procedure
2
How is the calculation performed
Building energy balance Æ needs = heat to be supplied by systems
Technical systems are divided in functional subsystems:
• Generation (energy carrier to required service)
• Storage (decoupling generation and use of the service)
• Distribution (distributing in the building)
• Emission (transferring the service from systems to buildings)
• Emission control (controlling the transfer of the service into the building)
Technical systems energy balance Æ delivered energy by energy carriers what has to be supplied to the building
Outside the building, energy and environmental cost of the delivered energy carrier are taken into account by conversion factors Æ primary energy, emissions, costs …
global cost of the service
3
The role of EN 15603
Building energy balance
Building
service
1
Technical system losses & aux. energy
Building
needs
Inside the building
2
Final weighting
Delivered <--> exported
energy
ENERGY CARRIER
3
Energy rating
(prim. energy, CO2, etc)
Outside the building
EN 15603:
•Defines the calculation structure for steps 1 & 2 & 3
•Deals with common issues (definitions, symbols, …)
•Gives calculation procedure and data for step 3
4
New features of prEN 15603:2013
… compared to the previous version EN 15603:2008:
•explicit support for national options;
•improved set of definitions [2];
•new and improved concepts about assessment boundaries, such as on‐site / nearby / distant [2]
•explicit reference modular structure [3]
•explicit technical systems modular structure [3]
•analysis of possible building partitioning and technical systems zoning •delivered and exported energy balance, including time relation of energy delivery and import
•definition of additional performance indicators [2]
•option to include non EPBD energy uses
•support for an hourly method [4].
Details given in the following presentations
[2] – Johann Zirngibl ‐ Fundamental definitions for the assessment of the energy performance [3] – Routing and Modular Structure – Filling the Gaps in the CEN Standards for High Performance Buildings. [4] ‐ Standardized calculation methods in relation to the EPBD Structure of the procedure
5
Why standards ?
To enforce a legal requirement you need:
•The definition of a property (computable only or also measurable?)
•A method to calculate the value of that property (suitable for daily practice)
•The required boundary conditions (standard but representative enough of actual use to be meaningful)
•The legally binding value (reasonably strict, achievable, verifiable, …)
STANDARDS Å Æ REGULATION : Collaboration required
0 °C
20 °C
EN
Needs
Systems
Primary
LAW
EP,H,max
50 kWh/m²
6
Can we compare?
When comparing several regulations …
•Did you define the same property?
•Do you use the same calculation method?
•Did you set the same boundary conditions?
•Did you set the same limit?
DIN
20 °C
ENEV
EP,H,max
50 kWh/m²
UNI
20 °C
Dlgs…
EP,H,max
40 kWh/m²
0 °C
3 °C
27 MS
…
But how many regions?
7
How to get together again…
Directive 2002/91/CE: only heating and cooling needs calculation
was consolidated as EN standard (EN 13790)
1st mandate to CEN Æ delivered in 2007…2008
In the meanwhile, each MS had to develop its own legal requirements, boundary conditions and standards,
2nd mandate to CEN Æ bring standards together again, so…
•Define a common frame •Enable to choose national options within that frame
•Define a set of default EN options where applicable
•Type of options:
– National data – Method selection criteria Æ Annex A ‐ NA
Æ Annex B ‐ NB
8
Example 1: design external temperature (EN 12831)
Basic features:
•A set of reference locations with temperature θdes,l and elevation zl is given
•Adjustment according to heigth
Æ a local gradient Gl can be defined nationally
•Adjustment according to building time constant Æ a correction factor according to time constant kτ can be defined nationally
θ des ,bdg = θ des ,l − (zbdg − zl )⋅ Gl + kτ ⋅τ bdg
τbdg
National Annex should include for each NSB:
•A list of reference location with relevant properties
name, θdes,l , zl, G,l , kτ
•If no correction with inertia is required/allowed, Æ just set kτ=0 (many)
•If no correction with height is required, Æ just set Gl = 0 (Netherland?)
zbdg
θdes,bdg zl
θdes,l, G,l, kτ
Location data
9
Example 2 : primary energy factors
Primary energy factors
•Default CEN data given in Annex A
•National annex NA can override these values, also adding new lines
Æ but it takes seconds to recalculate with new values or EN default values
10
… this is what we are calculating ….
11
Small existing building?
You just calculate it as one single piece
…as you would eat a small pastry in one single bite..
= no partitioning required
12
Big building, arcade + office + residential?
… but what if there is a big cake on the table?
You have to eat it slice by slice …
Æ Partitioning required for complex buildings!
13
High performance
The amount of energy involved is so small that any interaction may be relevant. Example domestic hot water losses and cooling…
Also localization of gains is relevant. Will Solar gains of the big window in the living facing south effectively heat upstairs north rooms?
Thermal zones or even room by room calculation may be required…
14
Room 1
Room 2
Room 3
Room 4
Apartment 3
Room 5
Room 6
Room 7
Room 8
Apartment 2
Room 9
Room 10 Room 11 Room 12
Apartment 1
Staircas
e
Room 21
Room 13
Room 14 Room 15
Office 1
Office 2
Room 16
Room 18
Room 17
Arcade, shops
Room 19
Room 20
Meeting room
Our big cake…
1 building
Ð
7 building units + 1 common unheated staircase
Ð
21 rooms
15
So, what is “partitioning”?
For each calculation aspect (building, systems) the need may appear to «partition» the building for that piece of calculation.
If and how to split into parts the building depends on the specific aspect being calculated.
– Heating needs, domestic hot water needs, ventilation, …
– Technical systems calculation
– Primary energy allocation and energy performance display
… and resulting partitions are not always the same …
… and there can be interactions between partitions
of the same type or of different types «PARTITIONING» IS THE GENERALISATION OF THE CONCEPT OF «ZONES»
16
Is there already partitioning in current standards?
In EN ISO 13790 there are already «thermal zones»
•A thermal zone is a set of «rooms» that share their losses and gains in a common heat balance.
•It is recognised by EN ISO 13790 that it is not always correct to think that all rooms in a big building can be thought to share their losses and gains
– «Rooms are grouped into» thermal zones…
… = «the building is partitioned into» thermal zones
•Next question: shall we take into account interactions between «thermal zones»?
Æ EN 13790: adiabiatic (no heat exchange ) or coupled zones?
17
Thermal zones
Space 1
Space 2
Space 3
Space 4
QH,nd,123 = QH,tr,123 + QH,ve,123 – QH,gn,123 ∙ ηH,gn,123
QH,nd,4 = QH,tr,4 + QH,ve,4– QH,gn,4 ∙ ηH,gn,4
This partitioning specifies which parts of the building are assumed to share losses and gains. A finer thermal zoning may be used to facilitate connection with heating system calculation and energy performance indicators expression, as suggested in EN 13790 § 6.3.2.1. A higher count of smaller thermal zones is not always a guarantee of better results if interactions between thermal zones are neglected. The increase in costs due to higher data input complication and calculation time may even result in less significant results
18
Room 1
Room 2
Room 3
Room 4
Apartment 3
Room 5
Room 6
Room 7
Room 8
THERMAL ZONE 1
Apartment 2
Room 9
Room 10 Room 11 Room 12
Apartment 1
Staircas
e
Room 21
Room 13
Room 14 Room 15
Office 1
Room 16
Office 2 THERMAL ZONE 2
Room 18
Room 17
Arcade, shops
Room 19
THERMAL ZONE 3
Room 20
Meeting room
1 building
Ð
4 Thermal zones
«partitions»
Ð
21 Rooms
Each room «belongs» to 1 heating zone
THERMAL ZONE 4
…hierarchy…
19
Partitioning criteria
Identified possible partitioning criteria
Needs calculation
•Operating zones: H, C, V Æ set points, use, …
•Heating needs balance Æ compensation gains, losses
•Cooling needs balance Æ compensation gains, losses
•Domestic hot water needs balance Æ per building unit
•Ventilation system zones Æ supply, extract, transit Technical systems calculation
•Ventilation system zones Æ supply, extract, transit •Heating system zones Æ heating circuits (emission and control)
•Domestic hot water system zones •Cooling system zones Æ heating circuits (emission and control)
•Lighting
Energy performance allocation and display
•Building units
20
Example
Original base
Space 1
Space 2
Space 3
Space 4
Space 5
Space 6
Space 1
Space 2
Space 3
Space 4
Space 5
Space 6
Partition 1
Part a
Space 1
Space 2
Part b
Space 3
Part A
Partition 2
Space 4
Space 5
Part B
Space 6
Part C
21
Elementary space: the basic logical element
Room 1
Room 2
Space 12
Space 1
Space 2
Room 3
Room 4
Space 34
Space 3
Space Space 4A
4A
Physical
Logical
Less details needed
Logical
More details needed
The base of the partition is not necessarily the physical room. Very often partitions can be based on group of rooms (even entire building units or more) Sometimes an finer partition is required and a room shall be split in parts.
The base of the partitions is called “elementary space”
to avoid confusion with physical rooms.
22
Why a common element?
Partition 1 – Part a
80
20
Space 1
40
Partition 1 – Part b
100
20
Space 2
30
Space 3
Space 4
30
Space 5
40
Space 6
20+40=60
20+30+30=80
40
Partition 2
Part A
Partition 2
Part B
Partition 2
Part C
In principle, partitioning criteria are independent.
If all partitions are based on the same elementary space, it will always be possible to connect the respective part of the calculation.
If there is no common element this will be “invented” at calculation time
As far as possible partitions shall be kept the same to simplify calculation
The “elementary space” can be much larger than 1 room: sometimes 1 building unit
23
Sub‐division rule
Heating system zone 1
Radiators
Space 1
Space 2
Space 3
Heating needs balance partition (thermal zone)1
Heating system zone 2
Floor heating
Space 4
Space 5
Space 6
Sub‐division rule is needed when the result for an entire partition shall be divided in parts.
EXAMPLE: 1 thermal zone
2 heating circuits
The calculation of the heating needs was done for the entire building.
Operating conditions depend on energy to be delivered
If three two different types of systems, the energy need shall be split according to a «sub‐division rule»
… or two thermal zones should have been calculated …
24
Example
Partition 1 – part 1
80
20
Space 1
Partition 1 – part 2
100
20
40
Space 2
30
Space 3
Space 4
60
30
40
Space 5
Space 6
40
80
Partition 2
Part B
Partition 2
Part A
Partition 2
Part C
Sub‐division rule: getting the values for the individual spaces (20, 40 and 20) from the 80 that was calculated for the entire partition. This is required only if data shall be passed to another partition based on a different set of spaces
25
Distribution rule
Recoverable losses
Heating needs balance zone 1
Space 1
Space 2
Space 3
Recoverable losses
Heating needs balance zone 2
Space 4
Space 5
Space 6
A “distribution” rule is needed when the result coming from another partition shall be divided in parts.
EXAMPLE: 2 thermal zones
Losses from domestic hot water distribution Losses of the domestic hot water distribution is recovered for heating.
If only the total losses are known, they shall be «distributed» to the thermal zones
Otherwise, location of each pipe should be known with respect to the thermal zones
26
Example
Partition 1
80
20
Space 1
40
Space 2
60
Partition 2
100
20
30
Space 3
Space 4
30
Space 5
20
60
Partition 2
Part A
Space 6
0
80
Partition 2
Part B
40
40
Partition 2
Part C
Distribution rule is a short‐cut.
Instead of allocating data to individual spaces to group them again, it is allocated directly based on the destination partitioning
27
Structuring the data (soft proof)
Description of the building and their systems has to be organised hierarchically depending on multiple criteria (calculated service or results needed)
•Smallest part part of the
This is relevant for building: «(elementary) space»
“software proof structure”. •Parts (zones) are groups of spaces Each building element inherits that share the same balance
some properties, like equations (i.e. that are
temperature, from the calculated together)
connected rooms whilst other •Partition is the complete subdivision
shall be attributed at element of the original building into a set of
level. Own properties shall be parts, according to a specific criteria
specified individually in an XML record of the structure, whilst All partitions shall be based on other properties will be found in the same set of elementary spaces
to guarantee the possibility
the hierarchically connected to communicate data from one
higher item
partition to another one
Æ USER INTERFACE
28
Space 1
Apartment 3
Partition 1
Space 2
Partition 2
Apartment 2
Space 3
Staircas
e
Apartment 1
Space 9
Space 5
Space 4
Partition 4
Partition 3
Office 2 Partition 5
Office 1
Space 6
Partition 6
Arcade, shops
Space 7
Space 8
Meeting room
Partition 7
If energy calculation is involved, each building unit can often be considered one logical space.
Even a complex building can often be represented by a limited number of elementary spaces.
At design stage, a room by room calculation is usually required.
29
Why and how partitioning in prEN 15603
• prEN15603 does not specify «if» and «when» to partition: this will be a task of specific standards
• prEN15603 provides a common frame for partitioning to guarantee for transparent calculation links
Without a common frame you can’t guarantee consistency
• Dealing with potentially complex buildings and systems, it is much easier to simplify within a comprehensive scheme than adding exceptions later • An analysis of partitioning needs highlights some hidden features
• As far as possible, rules will be given to limit partitioning and to synchronize partitions: the easiest way is finding a common partition and handle exceptions with distribution rules.
30
Building units
Space 1
Space 2
Space 3
Space 4
Apartment 3
Space 5
Space 6
Space 7
Building unit 1
Space 8
Space 9
Staircas
e
Space 21
Space 10
Space 11
Space 12
Apartment 1
Space 13
Space 14
Space 16
Building unit 3
Space 15
Office 2 Building unit 5
Building unit 4 Office 1
Space 17
Space 18
Building unit 6
Arcade, shops
Space 19
Energy certificate may refer to individual building units.
Building unit 2
Apartment 2
If building unit 1, 2 and 3 are sold or rented, is it correct to give the same energy performance for all of them?
Space 20
Meeting room
Building unit 7
31
Building operating conditions
Operating zone 1
Space 1
Space 2
20 °C
26 °C 50% RH n = 0,5
20 °C
26 °C 50% RH
n = 0,5
Op. zone 2
Space i
Op. zone 3
20 °C
26 °C 60% RH n = 2,0
16 °C 24 °C 50% RH
n = 0,2
Space n
Building operating conditions may differ from space to space depending on the use of each space even within the same building unit
School = office + classrooms + sports hall + meeting room
Some spaces may not get all service Æ other indicators?
(Example: no cooling, no ventilation, …)
Operating conditions are linked to space category
32
Building category ?
Space 1
Space 2
Space 3
Apartment 3
Space 5
Space 6
Space 7
Space 4
Residential
Space 8
Apartment 2
Space 9
Staircas
e
Space 10
Space 11
It is more appropriate to consider "space categories". Space 12
Apartment 1
Space 21
Space 13
Space 14
Space 16
Space 17
Arcade, shops
Space 19
Space 15
Office 2 Offices
Office 1
EPBD directive lists "building categories“
(admin. ref. For EP?)
Space 18
Commercial
Space 20
Meeting room Conference
center
“Space category”
determines default operating conditions.
Operating conditions are a property of individual spaces, not of the building as a whole.
33
Ventilation zones
Space 1
SUPPLY
Space 2
Space 3
Space 4 .
EXTRACT
This partitioning specifies in which spaces air is:
naturally ventilated just by airing
naturally ventilated through ducts or openings
Supplied, extract or transiting because of mechanical ventilation systems
34
S 1
S 2
S 4
S 3
A 3
S 5
S 6
A 2
S 9
VZ 1
S 7
S 8
S 11
S 12
AIR
S 10
A 1
SC
S 21
S 13
O 1 VZ 2
S 14
SUP
EXT
S 16
S 15
VZ 3
O 2
SUP
EXT
When ventilation is involved, it has to be specified which are supply,
extract, supply and extract transit rooms…
S 18
S 17
VZ 4
AS
AIR
S 19
S 20
MC
SUP
EXT
VZ 5
EXT
SUP
S 1
R
S 2
A 3
S 5
R
S 6
A 2
S 9
SC
S 21
R
O 1
R
HZ 1
R
S 10
S 11
R
R
S 14
S 13
HZ 2
FC
S 16
FC
S 19
FC
AS
R
S 8
S 7
R
A 1
S 4
S 3
R
35
Heating systems zones
R
S 12
R
O 2
S 15
The AHU is a considered as a heating zone as well
FC
S 18
S 17
FC
FC
S 20
MC HZ 3
AHU
GEN
36
S 1
S 2
S 3
S 4
S 6
S 7
S 8
S 10
S 11
S 12
A 3
S 5
A 2
S 9
A 1
SC
S 21
O 1
S 14
S 13
CZ 1
FC
S 16
FC
S 19
FC
AS
O 2
S 15
Cooling systems zones
The AHU is a considered as a cooling zone as well
FC
S 18
S 17
FC
FC
S 20
MC CZ 2
AHU
CHL
37
Will it be complicated?
• Sometimes buildings are complicated…
• The standard shall be designed to handle the worst case worth dealing with
• In most cases, residential sector, no complicated partitioning is expected
A possible minimum requirement could be having a partitioning at least by building unit
Æ See next slide
38
Example: 12 flats, centralised system
Is it correct to give one single EP value for the whole building ?
B.u.
Floor
Net area
Gross volume
m²
m³
kWh/m²
%
1
1
82,4
324,5
232,1
92,6
2
1
65,6
258,3
245,8
98,1
3
1
72,8
286,7
254,0
101,4
4
1
89,6
352,8
239,8
95,7
5
2
82,4
309
154,8
61,8
6
2
65,6
246
197,2
78,7
7
2
72,8
273
204,8
81,7
EPHW
8
2
89,6
336
159,8
63,8
For old buildings exposed surface is important.
9
3
82,4
324,5
321,5
128,3
For new buildings solar gains can make strong differences
10
3
56,8
223,7
353,4
141,0
11
3
61,6
242,6
363,5
145,0
12
3
89,6
352,8
326,5
130,3
911,2
3.530 250,6
100
The table was obtained with a calculation with 12 spaces = 12 building units
Directive 2012/27/EU asks for metering…
Total building
39
A simple and innocent formula…
EP =
∑ ( fP; del; cr, i ⋅ E del; cr, i ) − ∑ ( fP; exp; cr, i ⋅ E exp; cr, i )
i
Energy performance i
Weighted delivered energy Weighted exported energy The same formula applies also for a number of other possible metrics
•Non renewable, renewable, total primary energy
•Emissions (CO2 emission factors)
•Costs (specific cost or revenue)
•Policy factors
•…
40
CAN THIS BE NZEB?
6 MWh el
-15 MWhprim
15 MWh oil
THIS WILL NOT BE A NZEB IF MULTIPLE REQUIREMENTS ARE SET (ALSO NEEDS)
16,5 MWhprim
1,5 MWhprim
… BUT IT CAN BE CLASS A INDEED …
Looks like a PEB (Plus energy building…)
4,0 MWh el
2,0 MWh el
According to the yearly balance this is a Positive Energy Building…
42
- 10 MWhprim
5 MWhprim
- 5,0 MWhprim
26/07/2013
CAN THIS REALLY BE PEB?
0,5 MWh el
-1,25 MWhprim
3,5 MWh el
- 8,75 MWhprim
1,5 MWh el
3,75 MWhprim
0,5 MWh el
1,25 MWhprim
… but this is because a summer surplus overcompensates the winter deficit…
So during winter non renewable resources have to be used.
43
2,5 MWhprim
- 7,5 MWhprim
26/07/2013
Support by prEN 15603:2013
New features of EN 15603:
•Explicit support of national options to allow inclusion/exclusion of exported energy from the rating.
•Explicit consideration of the timing of delivered / exported energy flows
44
Yearly balance
OFF‐SITE
ON‐SITE
0 kWh
1220 kWh
EEPus,el
590 kWh
Edel,el,grid
Edel,el
EPB Electricity uses
590 kWh
Edel,el,rdel
GRID
590 kWh
Eexp,el,tmp
600 kWh
EnEPus,el
630 kWh
Epr,el,used,EPus
Non‐EPB Electricity uses
340 kWh
Eexp,el,used,nEPus
1660 kWh
340 kWh
Eexp,el
Eexp,el,used,nEPus
1030 kWh
690 kWh
Eexp,el,nused
100 kWh
Eexp,el,grid
OUTSIDE THE ASSESSMENT BOUNDARY
Epr,el
In‐site electric generation
INSIDE THE ASSESSMENT BOUNDARY
45
Definition of balance items
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
EEPus,el is the electricity used to provide EPBD services in the calculation step
Epr,el is the on-site electricity produced in the calculation step
Epr,el,used,EPus is the produced on-site electricity that is used to provide EPBD services in the
calculation step
Its value is the minimum of Epr,el and EEPus,el
Edel ,el is the electric energy that has to be delivered by the grid in the calculation step
Eexp,el is the on-site electricity produced in excess of that used for EPBD services
in the same calculation step
Æ Only one of Eexp,el and Edel,el can be different than zero
Eexp,el,nEPus is the on-site produced electricity that is exported for on-site immediate use
in the same calculation time step
Eexp,el,tmp is the on-site produced electricity is exported to the grid in a calculation time step
and will be used as Edel,el,rdel for EPBD uses in a different calculation step
Æ the energy cost of accepting and giving back the electricity can be taken into account on
this item.
Eexp,el,grid is the electricity finally exported.
Edel,el,grid is the net yearly electric energy delivered by the grid
The phisical meaning of Eexp,tmp and Erdel is correct for hourly calculation intervals.
For monthly intervals it doesn’t take into account day/night compensation.
46
Aggiornamento sulle norme tecniche per il calcolo della prestazione energetica
26/07/2013
Monthly details
Time‐step balance (monthly as an example)
Yearly total JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
EPBD uses
non EPBD uses
Produced electricity
EPBD Used electricity
Exported electricity
kWh
kWh
kWh
kWh
1.220
600
1.660
630
1.030
250 200 150 80 20 30 50 40 20 50 150 180
50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
40 60 80 120 160 200 240 240 200 160 100 60
40 60 80 80 20 30 50 40 20 50 100 60
0
0
0
40 140 170 190 200 180 110 0
0
Exported for non EPBD uses
kWh
340
0
40
50
50
50
50
0
0
Exported non used
Delivered Yearly temporary exp
Temporary exported
Redelivered
Grid exported
Grid delivered kWh
kWh
kWh
kWh
kWh
kWh
kWh
690
590
590
0
0
210 140
0
70
0
0
90
0
120 140 150 130
0
0
0
0
60
0
0
50
0
120
590
0
0
210 140
0
0
0
0
0
70
0
0
0
0
0
0
77
0
13
0
103 120 128 111
0
0
0
0
17 20 22 19
0
0
0
0
51
0
9
0
0
50
0
0
0
120
0
0
590
100
0
0
0
50
50
47
Monthly details: EPB uses and production
250
200
150
100
50
0
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
E..EPus,el,t
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
E..pr,el,t
Surplus production in summer, deficit in winter
48
Temporary exported and redelivered
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
‐50
‐100
‐150
‐200
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
Temporary exported
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
Redelivered
NOV
DEC
The summer surplus is temporary exported to be redelivered in winter
49
Possibile uses of the produced electricity
OFF‐SITE
ON‐SITE
0 kWh
1220 kWh
EEPus,el
590 kWh
Edel,el,grid
Edel,el
590 kWh
Edel,el,rdel
GRID
590 kWh
Eexp,el,tmp
600 kWh
EnEPus,el
630 kWh
Epr,el,used,EPus
340 kWh
Eexp,el,used,nEPus
1660 kWh
340 kWh
Eexp,el
Eexp,el,used,nEPus
1030 kWh
690 kWh
Eexp,el,nused
100 kWh
Eexp,el,grid
Epr,el
50
July balance
OFF‐SITE
ON‐SITE
0 kWh
50 kWh
0 kWh
Edel,el,grid
EEPus,el
Edel,el
0 kWh
Edel,el,rdel
GRID
120 kWh
Eexp,el,tmp
50 kWh
EnEPus,el
50 kWh
Epr,el,used,EPus
50 kWh
Eexp,el,used,nEPus
240 kWh
Eexp,el
50 kWh
Eexp,el,used,nEPus
190 kWh
140 kWh
Eexp,el,nused
20 kWh
Eexp,el,grid
Epr,el
51
January balance
OFF‐SITE
ON‐SITE
0 kWh
250 kWh
210 kWh
Edel,el,grid
EEPus,el
Edel,el
210 kWh
Edel,el,rdel
GRID
0 kWh
Eexp,el,tmp
50 kWh
EnEPus,el
40 kWh
Epr,el,used,EPus
0 kWh
Eexp,el,used,nEPus
40 kWh
Eexp,el
0 kWh
Eexp,el,used,nEPus
0 kWh
0 kWh
Eexp,el,nused
0 kWh
Eexp,el,grid
Epr,el
52
National options…
Primary energy balance
Primary energy for Epr,el
Delivered fP,del ,el
Exported for non EPBD uses f P,exp,el ,us ed,nEPus
Temporary exported
fP,exp,el ,tmp Grid exported
f P,exp,el ,gri d
TOTAL
Total
Actual Renewable Non renew
kWh fP,ren kWh fP,nren kWh f P,tot kWh
1.660 1,00 1.660 0,00
0
1,00 1.660
590
0,00
0
2,50 1.475 2,50 1.475
340
0,00
0
2,50 ‐850 2,50 ‐850
590
0,00
0
2,50 ‐1.475 2,50 ‐1.475
100
0,00
0
2,50 ‐250 2,50 ‐250
1.660
‐1.100
560
Grid exported evaluated as delivered – all fp set to 2,50
Temporary exported
f P,exp,el ,gri d
TOTAL
Total
1.660 1,00 1.660 0,00
0
1,00 1.660
590
0,00
0
2,50 1.475 2,50 1.475
340
0,00
0
2,50 ‐850 2,50 ‐850
590
0,00
0
2,50 ‐1.475 2,50 ‐1.475
100
0,00
0
0,00
0
0,00
0
1.660
‐850
810
Grid exported neglected, temporary exported still taken into account
53
National options…
Temporary exported
f P,exp,el ,gri d
TOTAL
Total
1.660 1,00 1.660 0,00
0
1,00 1.660
590
0,00
0
2,50 1.475 2,50 1.475
340
0,00
0
2,50 ‐850 2,50 ‐850
590
0,00
0
0,00
0
0,00
0
100
0,00
0
0,00
0
0,00
0
1.660
625
2.285
Grid exported and temporary exported all neglected
Temporary exported
f P,exp,el ,gri d
TOTAL
Total
1.660 1,00 1.660 0,00
0
1,00 1.660
590
0,00
0
2,50 1.475 2,50 1.475
340
0,00
0
0,00
0
0,00
0
590
0,00
0
0,00
0
0,00
0
100
0,00
0
0,00
0
0,00
0
1.660
1.475
3.135
Also non EPBD uses not considered = only syncronous EPBD uses taken into account
54
Possible further developments
A: Renewable
primary energy
export
B: Decrease in non renewable
primary energy delivery
EP,ren
EP,nren
ASSESSMENT
BOUNDARY
Option “B” is the most popular until now.
If a building has to be rated as part of a cluster, option “A” is more appropriate
55

Session 3 What are we calculating and why European energy standards related to the EPBD (TC371) New features in EN 15603

Transcription

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