Manual handling Safety and Health Services

Safety and Health Services
Manual handling
Document control information
Published document name:
manhand-gn.pdf
Date issued:
May 2014
Version:
1.0
Previous review dates:
Replaces a code of practice issued 2008
Next review date:
May 2017, or following a significant change in
information.
Related documents:
Risk assessment code of practice
Governing policy:
n/a
Guidance to policy:
n/a
Legislation or related
information:
The Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974
The Manual Handling Operations Regulations
1992 (as amended) (MHOR)
The Management of Health and Safety at Work
Regulations 1999
The Provision and Use of Work Equipment
Regulations 1998 (PUWER)
The Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment
Regulations 1998 (LOLER)
Document owner:
Steve Pockley, Assistant Health and Safety
Advisor
Document approved by:
Peter Adams, Director of Health and Safety
Lead contact:
Liz Greaves, Senior Health and Safety Advisor
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Contents
1.
Scope ....................................................................................................................... 3
2.
Introduction .............................................................................................................. 3
3.
Definitions ................................................................................................................ 4
4.
Responsibilities ........................................................................................................ 5
4.1
Heads of school / service ................................................................................... 5
4.2
Line managers.................................................................................................... 5
4.3
Employees ......................................................................................................... 6
5.
Legislative requirements .......................................................................................... 6
6.
Manual handling risk assessment ............................................................................ 7
6.1
Manual handling assessment flowchart.............................................................. 9
6.2
Step 1 - Identify manual handling operations ................................................... 11
6.3
Step 2 - Identify those carrying out manual handling operations ..................... 11
6.4
Step 3 - Evaluate risk from manual handling operations ................................. 12
6.5
Step 4 - Implement the results of the evaluation .............................................. 12
6.6
Step 5 - Record the results of the manual handling risk assessment ............... 13
7. Table 1 – Typical manual handling problems and ways of reducing the risk of injury
from manual handling .................................................................................................... 13
8.
Appendix 1 – relevant legislation / regulations ....................................................... 17
9.
Appendix 2 – General risk assessment form ......................................................... 19
10.
Appendix 3 - Manual handling of loads - Assessment checklist ......................... 21
11.
Appendix 4 – Lifting and handling guidelines....................................................... 26
12.
Table 2 – Application of guidelines checklist ....................................................... 31
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1.
Scope
This document outlines the University’s responsibilities with regard to manual handling
operations. It provides guidance to those responsible for carrying out risk assessment in
compliance with the Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 (as amended) and
provides guidance for compliance with other relevant legislation.
2.
Introduction
Incorrect manual handling is one of the most common causes of injury at work. It
causes work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) which account for over a third of
all workplace injuries.
Manual handling injuries can happen anywhere people are at work. Heavy work,
awkward postures, manual materials handling, and previous or existing injury are all risk
factors in developing MSDs.
The back, in particular, is prone to injury caused by incorrect or excessive manual
handling, and permanent injuries or chronic and very painful conditions can occur. Back
injuries often result in long term illness and absence, which can place a strain on the
injured person, their family, the employer and workplace in general.
It is therefore in the interests of all, that manual handling operations are continually
assessed with the objective of removing or significantly reducing the likelihood
foreseeable injuries.
Other injuries associated with manual handling should also be considered. These
include: other musculoskeletal disorders to upper limbs and neck; fractures; crush
injuries; cuts and abrasions; sprains and strains; and hernias.
Within a University setting, there are a wide range of manual handling activities
including, but not limited to the following:
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lifting and moving office stationery and equipment;
lifting and carrying food and equipment in catering kitchens;
carrying and lifting books in libraries;
movement, lifting and carrying animals in the School of Veterinary sciences;
movement and setting up of computers, printers and photocopiers;
lifting and positioning of motors, pipework, construction materials etc. in
maintenance activities;
grounds maintenance activities and movement of equipment;
setting up exhibits and conference stands;
Filling and emptying mop buckets during cleaning operations;
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•
•
3.
lifting and transferring cleaning chemicals and equipment; and
receiving and storing goods in stores.
Definitions
Manual handling operations
“Manual handling operations” means any transporting or supporting of a load (including
the lifting, putting down, pushing, pulling, carrying or moving thereof) by hand or by
bodily force.
Load
A load in this context must be a discrete movable object. This includes, for example, not
only packages and boxes but also a patient receiving medical attention, an animal
during husbandry or undergoing veterinary treatment, and material supported on a
shovel or fork. An implement, tool or machine, such as a chainsaw, hammer or drill, is
not considered to be a load when in use for its intended purpose.
Manual handling operations
The Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 (as amended) (MHOR) apply to the
manual handling of loads, i.e. by human effort, as opposed to mechanical handling by
crane, lift trucks etc. The human effort may be applied directly to the load, or indirectly
by hauling on a rope or pulling on a lever. Introducing mechanical assistance, for
example a sack truck or a powered hoist, may reduce but not eliminate manual handling
since human effort is still required to move, steady or position the load.
Manual handling includes both transporting a load and supporting a load in a static
posture. The load may be moved or supported by the hands or any other part of the
body, for example the shoulder. Manual handling also includes the intentional dropping
of a load and the throwing of a load, whether into a container or from one person to
another.
The application of human effort for a purpose other than transporting or supporting a
load is not a manual handling operation. For example, turning the starting handle of an
engine or lifting a control lever on a machine is not manual handling, nor is the action of
pulling on a rope while lashing down cargo on the back of a vehicle.
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4.
Responsibilities
4.1
Heads of school / service
It is the responsibility of the Head of School / Service to ensure that all manual handling
operations that could result in an injury are assessed and adequately controlled.
The Head of School / Service should also ensure that the manual handling risk
assessments and control measures contained therein are outlined and referenced in
their Local Rules document.
4.2
Line managers
It is the responsibility of line managers to ensure that:
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any hazardous manual handling operations under their control are avoided, so
far as is reasonably practicable;
where such handling operations cannot be avoided, that suitable and sufficient
risk assessments are undertaken and control measures implemented to
adequately reduce the level of risk, so far as is reasonably practicable;
those undertaking manual handling risk assessments consult the staff carrying
out manual handling operations, so that a detailed, accurate and representative
assessment of the manual handling operation can be made;
suitable manual handling training is provided for staff members for whom
manual handling operations form a significant part of their role. Additionally,
adequate supervision, instruction and information regarding manual handling
operations should be provided to such staff members. For example, the weight of
each load / load component; is the load liable to shift during handling; or, where
the centre of gravity of a load is etc.;
staff are considered to be suitably fit to undertake manual handling operations,
so far as can be reasonably determined;
appropriate time is allocated so that manual handling operations can be
undertaken safely;
staff members are aware of, and follow the control measures in place with
regard to any manual handling operations within their respective areas, as
outlined in relevant risk assessments (see section 6 on completing a risk
assessment);
risk assessments are reviewed annually, or if circumstances change. For
example, if an injury is sustained during a manual handling operation; a new or
expectant mother joins, or is already a staff member; the items being handled
change in weight or shape; or the frequency of handling operations changes;
etc.;
suitable equipment to alleviate manual handling operations is provided, so far as
is reasonably practicable. Equipment, where provided should be suitably
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•
inspected and maintained, and staff should be trained in the use of the
equipment; and
any incidents / accidents relating to manual handling operations are thoroughly
investigated, reported through the correct channels and any remedial actions
implemented in a timely manner. A record should be kept of any such incidents
and changes to risk assessments etc.
4.3
Employees
All employees are responsible for:
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5.
Taking reasonable care for their own health and safety and the safety of others
who might be affected by their activities;
correctly using any system of work in place for manual handling operations;
avoiding hazardous manual handling operations by use of any appropriate
equipment provided for manual handling operations, in accordance with the
training and instructions given to them. Such equipment will include machinery
and other aids provided for the safe handling of loads;
informing their line manager of any concerns that might reasonably be
considered to affect their ability to undertake manual handling operations safely ,
e.g. pregnancy, a history of back, knee or hip trouble, hernia etc.;
never attempting to manually lift loads which they consider to be too
heavy/unwieldy/bulky/unpredictable/unstable or intrinsically harmful to be lifted
safely;
informing their line managers of any broken or faulty equipment;
informing line managers of any new activity or equipment that requires risk
assessment;
reporting any accident, incident, injury or near-miss immediately to their line
manager;
wearing appropriate clothing ( that permits good posture, hand and foot grip etc.)
and personal protective equipment for the task, or as specified in the risk
assessment; and
undergoing any suitable training once a need has been identified.
Legislative requirements
The following legislation and regulations apply to manual handling operations:
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•
The Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974
The Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 (as amended)
The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999
•
The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations (PUWER) 1998
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•
The Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations (LOLER) 1998
A brief outline of these legislation and regulations can be found in Appendix 1
6.
Manual handling risk assessment
The Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 (as amended) outlines the
requirement to:
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•
•
Avoid the need for hazardous manual handling, so far as is reasonably
practicable;
Assess the risk of injury from any hazardous manual handling that can’t be
avoided; and
Reduce the risk of injury from hazardous manual handling, so far as is
reasonably practicable
Making an assessment of a task or activity for manual handling operations
The start point should be to consider if the task or activity involves the manual handling
of loads. A general risk assessment should be undertaken to determine this (General
risk assessment form – Appendix 2). Both regular and irregular activities associated
with the task or activity should also be taken into account when carrying out the general
risk assessment, as these may reveal occasional or sporadic manual handling
operations that need to be assessed in more detail, i.e. by undertaking a, more detailed,
manual handling risk assessment.
Where manual handling operations cannot be avoided, employers have a duty to make
a suitable and sufficient assessment of the risk to health (Manual handling of loads –
Assessment checklist form – Appendix 3)
The outcome of the risk assessment process should be to reduce risk to an insignificant
or low level, so far as is reasonably practicable, by use of suitable control measures.
Control measures or alternative methods should be continually refined to achieve this.
The manual handling assessment should take into account a range of relevant factors,
that exist or are foreseeable, and of which the manual handling operation might
comprise.
These include:
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the tasks;
the loads;
the working environment;
individual capability;
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handling aids and equipment; and
work organisation factors.
Table 1 below can be used in conjunction with the ‘Manual handling of loads –
Assessment checklist form’ (Appendix 3), when undertaking a manual handling risk
assessment. It can be used as an aide-memoire during the risk assessment process
and includes examples, for each of the above categories, of problems to look for when
making an assessment, and ways of reducing the risk of injury from manual handling
operations.
The manual handling assessment process can be seen in Section 6.1 immediately
below ‘Manual handling assessment flowchart’.
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6.1
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Manual handling assessment flowchart
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6.2
Step 1 - Identify manual handling operations
A general risk assessment (Appendix 2) of the task or activity should identify if there
are any manual handling operations associated with that task or activity. If so, the
assessor should use the Manual handling of loads – Assessment checklist form
(Appendix 3).
Those involved in the manual handling risk assessment process should consider the
hazards and risks involved in any activity or task and decide what can be done to
reduce the risks.
Consequently, those carrying out risk assessment require knowledge of the work area
and the types of task involved. They should also consult personnel who undertake the
tasks, as they are often aware of problems and ways of avoiding them (however, please
note, the overall responsibility for suitable and sufficient assessments remains with the
line manager).
It is important, when carrying out manual handling risk assessment, to take into account
both the regular activities that are undertaken, and any irregular activities that may
foreseeably occur during manual handling operations.
•
Regular activities – In such cases, personnel are exposed to frequent and / or
repetitive (continuous, hourly, daily, weekly or monthly) manual handling
hazards, e.g. deliveries of gas bottles, food and consumables; distribution of
books, installation of computers etc.
•
Irregular activities – These are activities that are carried out infrequently and
sometimes at irregular times. Consequently, if not adequately controlled, these
activities may present a higher risk of injury due to for example, insufficient
personnel being available or the activity is subject to a time constraint. Examples
could include a change to an office layout or a relocation of premises due to fire
or flood damage. Even though the activities may be irregular in frequency the
same level of duty applies to reduce the level of risk from any manual handling
operation as for a regular occurring activity.
6.3
Step 2 - Identify those carrying out manual handling operations
Any staff that might be expected to carry out manual handling operations, whether
regularly or infrequently should receive suitable training, instruction and adequate
supervision in order to enable them to carry out manual handling operations safely and
effectively, using the correct lifting and handling techniques and appropriate equipment
where necessary and as outlined in the risk assessment for that particular task.
This should also extend to staff, whose main duty does not include manual handling but
who could occasionally be expected to carry and lift certain items
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Individuals have different physical capabilities and characteristics and these should be
taken into account when assessing the task.
Existing or pre-existing physical conditions may affect a person’s ability to carry out
manual handling tasks and should be taken into account.
Similar consideration should also be given to changes in the capabilities of individuals.
For example, a new or expectant mother; a person recuperating from a recent surgical
operation; anyone suffering from a recent back injury or MSD; or, a new health condition
that could affect a person’s ability to lift safely.
6.4
Step 3 - Evaluate risk from manual handling operations
Evaluate the level of risk from the manual handling operation(s), and if any controls are
in place to reduce the level of risk, decide whether these are adequate or if more should
be done, i.e. carry out a more detailed risk (manual handling) assessment.
Risk of injury can be reduced by consideration of the following hierarchy of
control options;
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Eliminating the need for handling at source (e.g. delivery of goods by supplier to
point of use);
Can the task be automated or mechanised , e.g. by bulk delivery of gas which
is then piped to the point of use from a central storage tank , thus avoiding the
manual handling of gas cylinders; or, the use of pallet trucks, sack trucks and
trollies to transfer loads rather than carrying them?;
Re-arrange the workplace, e.g. store heavier items at waist height; store more
commonly used items near to point of use; purchase smaller unit sizes if
possible; and
Provide training, instruction and supervision to staff in moving and handling
techniques so that they are able to carry out manual handling operations more
safely and identify any hazards that might arise.
6.5
Step 4 - Implement the results of the evaluation
If, following the evaluation, any remedial actions are required; the following points
should be implemented:
1. Remedial steps should be listed in order of priority (see Appendix 3, section D)
2. A responsible person with the appropriate authority to be allocated to implement
any controls.
3. A target date to be set for implementation of those controls.
4. An indication of whether or not the controls have been completed.
5. Employees to be informed of the results, procedures to be followed and the
supervisory requirements (if any).
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6. Effectiveness of the change(s) to be monitored. It may be necessary to review
and revise any changes as necessary if circumstances change.
6.6
Step 5 - Record the results of the manual handling risk
assessment
All significant findings from the risk assessment must be recorded. The risk assessment
form should include the following details:
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name and details of the person carrying out the assessment;
the significant findings of the assessment;
any recommended remedial actions;
the person responsible for carrying out the recommended remedial actions; and
the date of the assessment and the review date.
7.
Table 1 – Typical manual handling problems and ways of
reducing the risk of injury from manual handling
Tasks
Problems to look for when making an
assessment
Ways of reducing the risk of injury
The tasks, do they involve:
Can you:
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holding loads away from the body?
twisting, stooping or reaching
upwards?
large vertical movement?
long carrying distances?
strenuous pushing or pulling?
repetitive handling?
insufficient rest or recovery time?
A work rate imposed by a process?
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use a lifting aid?
improve workplace lay out to
improve efficiency?
reduce the amount of twisting and
stooping?
avoid lifting from floor level or above
shoulder height, especially heavy
loads?
reduce carrying distances?
avoid repetitive handling?
vary the work, allowing one set of
muscles to rest while another is
used?
push rather than pull?
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Loads
Problems to look for when making an
assessment
Ways of reducing the risk of injury
The loads, are they:
Can you make the load:
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heavy or bulky?
difficult to grasp?
unstable or likely to move
unpredictably (like animals)?
harmful, e.g. hot or sharp?
awkwardly stacked?
too large for the handler to see
over?
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lighter or less bulky?
easier to grasp?
more stable?
evenly stacked?
If the load comes from elsewhere, have
you asked the supplier to help, e.g. by
providing handles or smaller packages?
Working environment
Problems to look for when making an
assessment
Ways of reducing the risk of injury
The working environment, are there:
Can you :
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restrictions on posture?
bumpy, obstructed or slippery
floors?
variations in floor levels?
hot/cold or humid conditions?
gusts of wind or other strong air
movements?
poor lighting conditions?
restrictions on movement from
clothes or personal protective
equipment (PPE)?
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•
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remove obstructions to free
movement?
provide better flooring
avoid steps to steep ramps?
prevent extremes of hot or cold?
improve lighting
provide personal protective
equipment (PPE) that is less
restrictive?
ensure that employees’ clothing and
footwear is suitable for their work?
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Individual capacity
Problems to look for when making an
assessment
Ways of reducing the risk of injury
Individual capacity, does the job:
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require unusual capability, e.g.
above average strength or agility?
endanger those with a health
problem or learning / physical
disability?
endanger pregnant women?
call for special information or
training?
Can you:
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pay particular attention to those
who have a physical weakness?
take extra care of pregnant
workers?
give employees more information,
e.g. about the range of tasks they
are likely to face?
provide more training?
get advice from the Occupational
Health Service regarding individual
concerns if you need to?
Handling aids and equipment
Problems to look for when making an
assessment
Ways of reducing the risk of injury
Can you :
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is the device the correct type for the
job?
is it well maintained?
are the wheels on the device suited
to the floor surface?
do the wheels run freely?
is the handle height between the
waist and shoulders?
are the handle grips in good
condition and comfortable?
are there any brakes? If so, do they
work?
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adjust the work rate?
provide equipment that is more
suitable for the task?
carry out planned preventative
maintenance to prevent problems?
change the wheels, tyres and/or
flooring so that equipment moves
easily?
provide better handles and handle
grips?
make the brakes easier to use,
reliable and effective?
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Work organisation factors
Problems to look for when making an
assessment
Ways of reducing the risk of injury
Can you :
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is the work repetitive or boring?
is work machine or system paced?
do workers feel the demands of the
work are excessive?
have workers little control of the
work and working methods?
is there poor communication
between managers and
employees?
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change tasks to reduce the
monotony?
make more use of workers’ skills?
make workloads and deadlines
more achievable?
encourage good communications
and teamwork?
involve workers in decisions?
provide better training and
information?
Further information regarding manual handling training courses can be obtained from
the Staff Development web site (http://www.bristol.ac.uk/staffdevelopment/) – see
Health and Safety (General training). There is also an e-learning module for manual
handling (http://www.learninglink.ac.uk/moveit/moveit.htm).
The Occupational Health Service has advice on manual handling available on their
website at: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/safety/health/advice/#msd-7
Members of staff can be referred to the Occupational Health Service for independent
advice for proactive management of staff with health issues impacting on attendance
and/or performance at work, with the ultimate aim of helping to keep employees healthy
and at work. The referral process can be used for members of staff with
musculoskeletal concerns. Further details are available at;
http://www.bristol.ac.uk/safety/health/staff/#referrals
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8.
Appendix 1 – relevant legislation / regulations
The Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 requires employers, under ‘General
duties of employers to their employees (amongst other things) to: ‘… ensure, so far as
is reasonably practicable, the health, safety and welfare at work of all his employees’.
This includes: ‘… the provision and maintenance of plant and systems of work that are,
so far as is reasonably practicable, safe and without risks to health; arrangements for
ensuring, so far as is reasonably practicable, safety and absence of risks to health in
connection with the use, handling, storage and transport of articles and substances’
(http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1974/37/section/2).
The Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 (as amended)
(http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1992/2793/contents/made),
For further guidance on the regulations see also:
Manual Handling at Work – A brief guide (INDG 143 rev2)
(http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg143.pdf); and
Manual Handling (L23) – Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 (as amended)
– Guidance on Regulations (http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/priced/l23.pdf).
The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 requires that:
‘…Every employer shall make a suitable and sufficient assessment of – (a) the risks to
the health and safety of his employees to which they are exposed whilst they are at
work; and (b) the risks to the health and safety of persons not in his employment arising
out of or in connection with the conduct by him of his undertaking’
(http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1999/3242/regulation/3/made).
Guidance on how to undertake risk assessment is detailed in the University’s Risk
Assessment Code of Practice (http://www.bristol.ac.uk/safety/media/po/racop-po.pdf).
The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (PUWER)
(http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1998/2306/contents/made) generally covers any
equipment used by an employee at work, and in the case of equipment used to avoid
or alleviate manual handling operations, could include sack trucks, wheel barrows,
trolleys, step ladders or step stools, hoists, slings and lifts etc.
PUWER (“the regulations”) places duties on any person who uses, supervises,
manages or has any control of equipment used for work purposes. The regulations state
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that every employer shall ensure that work equipment is so constructed or adapted as
to be suitable for the purpose for which it is used or provided.
Every employer shall ensure that work equipment is used only for operations for which,
and under conditions for which, it is suitable. The regulations require that work
equipment is maintained in an efficient state, in efficient working order and in good
repair and any maintenance carried out is recorded. The regulations also require
suitable inspections at regular intervals if machinery is likely to suffer from deterioration
or if work equipment depends on the installation conditions.
This is a basic outline of some of the duties included in the regulations and further
guidance can be obtained from the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) Approved Code
of Practice and Guidance (L22) – Safe Use of Work Equipment – Provision and Use of
Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/priced/l22.pdf).
The Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998 (LOLER)
(http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1998/2307/contents/made) places duties on any
person who uses, supervises or manages or has any control of equipment used for
lifting or lowering loads at work (objects, persons or animals). LOLER (“the regulations”
state that lifting equipment must be positioned and installed so as to be safe. It must be
of adequate strength and stability and clearly marked with its safe working load (SWL).
In addition, any load parts or attachments used in the lifting operation must be of
adequate strength and marked with any information necessary to ensure their safe use.
The regulations require that all lifting operations must be properly planned by a
competent person, be appropriately supervised and carried out in a safe manner.
Furthermore, where appropriate, before lifting equipment (including accessories –
shackles, slings etc.) is used for the first time, it is thoroughly examined. Lifting
equipment may need to be thoroughly examined in use at periods specified in the
regulations (depending on use and load type) or at intervals laid down in an examination
scheme drawn up by a competent person. All examination work should be performed by
a competent person (someone with the necessary skills, knowledge and experience).
Following a thorough examination or inspection of any lifting equipment, a report is
submitted by the competent person to the employer to take the appropriate action.
For further details and information see the HSE Approved Code of Practice and
guidance, L113 – Safe Use of Lifting Equipment: Lifting Operations and Lifting
Equipment Regulations 1998 (http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/priced/l113.pdf).
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9.
Appendix 2 – General risk assessment form
University of Bristol
General risk assessment form
Date:
Assessed by:
Description and Who
location of
might be
hazard
harmed
Score
Column A: Severity of injury:
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Checked by:
Existing control measures
3
Major Injury or death
Assessment ref no:
A.
Likely
severity of
injury
(1 to 3)
Review date:
B.
Likely
Occurrence
(1 to 3)
2
Injury requiring medical treatment
Risk
Rating
(A) x (B)
Comments /
actions
1
Minor or no injury
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Column B: Likely occurrence:
Regular exposure of several
employees to hazard.
Occasional exposure of few
employees.
Risk Score
Response Times
Risk Score
9
Immediate cessation of activity until interim controls
are agreed and implemented
Critically examine the areas of exposure in the process
and agree timetable for completion of all agreed
actions
3&4
6
<3
Exposure to hazard very rare.
Response Times
Review on change of process or if circumstances change. Provide
additional training, supervision and monitoring.
12 months review (date of next audit). No real changes in procedure
required to reduce risk further
Action Plan
Ref No.
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Further action required
By whom
By when
Completed
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10.
Appendix 3 - Manual handling of loads - Assessment checklist
Manual handling of loads
Assessment checklist
Summary of assessment
Overall priority for remedial action:
Nil / Low / Med / High *
Operations covered by this assessment……………
Remedial action to be taken: ………………………...
………………………………………………………….
Locations
………………………………………………
Personnel involved …………………………………..
…………………………………………………….
Date by which action is to be taken:
…………………………………………………………...
Date for reassessment:
………………………………………………………….
*circle as appropriate
Date of assessment …………………………………
Section A - Preliminary:
Q1. Do the operations involve a significant risk of injury? …………………………………………Yes / No*
If 'Yes' go to Q2. If 'No' the assessment need go no further (make a record of this).
If in doubt answer 'Yes'. Further guidance can be found in Appendix 4 ( Lifting and handling
guidelines)
Q2. Can the operations be avoided / mechanised / automated at reasonable cost?....................Yes / No*
If 'No' go to Q3. If 'Yes' proceed and then check that the result is satisfactory.
Q3. Are the operations clearly within the guidelines in Appendix 4?............................................Yes / No*
If 'No' go to Section B. If 'Yes' you may go straight to Section C if you wish.
Section C - Overall assessment of risk:
What is your overall assessment of the risk of injury? …………………Insignificant / Low / Med / High *
*circle as appropriate
If not 'Insignificant' go to Section D. If insignificant' the assessment need go no further.
Section D - Remedial action:
Q4.
What remedial actions should be taken, in order of priority?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
And finally:
•
•
•
•
Complete the SUMMARY above.
Compare it with your other manual handling assessments
Decide your priorities for action
Take action and check that risk(s) is adequately controlled
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Section B – (More detailed assessment)
Questions to consider:
If yes, tick
appropriate level of
risk
Low
Med
Possible remedial action:
(Make rough notes in this column in
preparation for completing Section D –
Remedial action list)
High
Do the tasks involve:
♦
holding loads away from
trunk?
♦
twisting?
♦
stooping?
♦
reaching upwards?
♦
large vertical movement?
♦
long carrying distances?
♦
strenuous pushing or
pulling?
♦
unpredictable movement of
loads?
♦
repetitive handling?
♦
insufficient rest or recovery?
♦
a work rate imposed by a
process?
Are the loads:
♦
heavy?
♦
Bulky / unwieldy?
♦
difficult to grasp?
♦
Unstable / unpredictable?
♦
intrinsically harmful (e.g.
sharp / hot?)
Consider the working
environment – are there:
♦
constraints on posture?
♦
poor floors?
♦
variations in levels?
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♦
Hot / cold / humid
conditions?
♦
strong air movements?
♦
poor lighting conditions?
Consider individual
capability - does the job:
♦
require unusual capability?
♦
Pose a risk to those with a
health problem or a physical
or learning difficulty?
♦
Pose a risk to those who are
pregnant?
♦
call for special information /
training?
Other factors to consider
Protective clothing
♦
Is movement or posture
hindered by clothing or
Yes
No
N/A
Yes
No
N/A
Yes
No
N/A
Yes
No
N/A
personal protective
equipment? *
♦
Is there an absence of the
correct / suitable PPE being
worn?*
Work Organisation
psychological factors)
♦
Do workers feel that there
has been a lack of
consideration given to the
planning and scheduling of
tasks / rest breaks?*
♦
Do workers feel that there is
poor communication
between managers and
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employees (e.g. not involved
in risk assessments or
decisions or changes in
workstation design)?*
♦
Are there sudden changes
Yes
No
N/A
Yes
No
N/A
in workload, or seasonal
changes in volume without
mechanisms for dealing with
the change?*
♦
Do workers feel they have
enough training and
information to carry out the
task successfully? *
*circle as appropriate
The guidelines in Appendix 4 can be used in assessing the level of risk in a handling operation
When you have completed section B, go to section C.
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Section D – Remedial action list
Remedial steps to be taken, in order of
priority (high – med – low)
Person
responsible for
implementing
controls
Target
implementation
date
Completed
Y/N
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Date by which actions should be completed:
Date for review of assessment:
Assessor’s name:
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Signature:
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11.
Appendix 4 – Lifting and handling guidelines
Source: L23, Manual Handling, Guidance on regulations (HSE Books)
http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/priced/l23.pdf
These guidelines are intended to aid the assessor in deciding upon the level of detail
that should be included in the risk assessment and they illustrate the effect of twisting,
stooping, lowering, pushing and pulling etc. on the ability of a person(s) to perform
manual handling operations safely. Table 2 (below) can be used as a checklist to
indicate whether or not the manual handling operations fall outside the guidelines. If
guideline assumptions are not met, this clearly indicates that there could be a significant
risk of injury from the manual handling operation and that there is a requirement for a
detailed assessment and adequate control measures to mitigate risks. The guidelines
should be used in conjunction with the ‘Manual handling of loads – Assessment
checklist form’ (Appendix 3).
Lifting and lowering
Women
Men
10 kg
3 kg
7 kg
Shoulder height
20 kg
Shoulder height
7 kg
5 kg
10 kg
13 kg
Elbow height
Elbow height
25 kg
10 kg
15 kg
16 kg
Knuckle height
Knuckle height
20 kg
7 kg
10 kg
13 kg
Mid lower leg height
Mid lower leg height
3 kg
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7 kg
10 kg
5 kg
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Lifting / handling guidelines
Each box in the diagram contains a guideline weight for lifting and lowering in that zone.
Using the diagram enables the assessor to take into account the vertical and horizontal
position of the hands as they move the load, the height of the individual handler and the
reach of the individual handler. As can be seen from the diagram, the guideline weights
are reduced if handling is done with arms extended, or at high or low levels, as that is
where injuries are most likely.
Observe the work activity being assessed and compare it to the diagram. First decide
which box or boxes the lifter’s hands pass through when moving the load. Then assess
the maximum weight being handled. If it is less than the figure given in the box, the
operation is within the guidelines.
If the lifter’s hands enter more than one box during the operation, then the smallest
weight figure applies. An intermediate weight can be chosen if the hands are close to a
boundary between boxes.
The guideline figures for lifting and lowering assume:
•
•
•
The load is easy to grasp with both hands;
The operation takes place in reasonable working conditions; and
The handler is in a stable body position.
Application of the guidelines will provide a reasonable level of protection to
around 95% of working men and women. However, the guidelines should not be
regarded as safe weight limits for lifting. There is no threshold below which manual
handling operations may be regarded as ‘safe’. Even operations lying within the
boundary mapped out by the guidelines should be avoided or made less demanding
wherever it is reasonably practicable to do so.
Frequent lifting and lowering
The basic guideline figures for lifting and lowering are for relatively infrequent
operations – up to approximately 30 operations per hour or one lift every two minutes.
The guideline figures will have to be reduced if the operation is repeated more often. As
a rough guide:
Where operations are repeated
Figures should be reduced by
Once or twice per minute
30%
Five to eight times per minute
50%
More than 12 times per minute
80%
Even if the above conditions are satisfied, a more detailed risk assessment should
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be made where:
a) the worker does not control the pace of work;
b) pauses for rest are inadequate or there is no change of activity which provides
an opportunity to use different muscles; or
c) the handler must support the load for any length of time.
Twisting
Shoulder
Heels
90˚ twist
45˚ twist
Assessing twist
In many cases manual handling operations will involve some twisting, i.e. moving the
upper body while keeping the feet static. The combination of twisting and lifting and
twisting, stooping and lifting are particularly stressful on the back. Therefore where the
handling involves twisting and turning then a detailed assessment should normally be
made.
However if the operation is:
(a) relatively infrequent (up to approximately 30 operations per hour or one lift
every two minutes); and
(b) there are no other posture problems,
then the guideline figures in the relevant part of this filter can be used, but with a
suitable reduction according to the amount the handler twists to the side during the
operation. As a rough guide:
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If handler twists through (from
front)
Guideline figures should be reduced
by:
45º
90º
10%
20%
Where the handling involves turning, i.e. moving in another direction as the lift is in
progress and twisting, then a detailed assessment should normally be made.
Guidelines for carrying
The guideline figures for lifting and lowering apply to carrying operations where
the load is:
(a) held against the body;
(b) carried no further than about 10 m without resting.
Where the load can be carried securely on the shoulder without first having to be lifted
(as, for example when unloading sacks from a lorry) the guideline figures can be
applied to carrying distances in excess of 10 m.
A more detailed assessment should be made for all carrying operations if:
(a) the load is carried over a longer distance without resting; or
(b) the hands are below knuckle height or above elbow height (due to static loading on
arm muscles).
Guidelines for pushing and pulling
For pushing and pulling operations (whether the load is slid, rolled or supported on
wheels) the guideline figures assume the force is applied with the hands, between
knuckle and shoulder height. It is also assumed that the distance involved is no more
than about 20m. If these assumptions are not met, a more detailed risk assessment is
required.
Men
Women
Guideline figure for stopping or
starting a load
20kg
(i.e. about 200 N)
15kg
(i.e. about 150 N)
Guideline figure for keeping the load
in motion
10kg
(i.e. about 100 N)
7kg
(i.e. about 70 N)
As a rough guide the amount of force that needs to be applied to move a load over a
flat, level surface using a well-maintained handling aid is at least 2% of the load weight.
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For example, if the load weight is 400kg, then the force needed to move the load is 8kg.
The force needed will be larger, perhaps a lot larger, if conditions are not perfect (e.g.
wheels not in right position or a device that is poorly maintained). Moving an object over
soft or uneven surfaces also requires higher forces. On an uneven surface, the force
needed to start the load moving could increase to 10% of the load weight, although this
might be offset to some extent by using larger wheels. Pushing and pulling forces will
also be increased if workers have to negotiate a slope or ramp. Even where the
guidelines in the table above are met, a detailed risk assessment will be necessary if
risk factors such as uneven floors, confined spaces, or trapping hazards are present.
There is no specific limit to the distance over which a load is pushed or pulled as long
as there are adequate opportunities for rest or recovery.
Guidelines for handling while seated
Women
Men
Handling while seated
The basic guideline figures for handling operations carried out while seated are:
Men
Women
5 kg
3 kg
These guidelines only apply when the hands are within the box zone indicated.
If handling beyond the box zone is unavoidable, a more detailed assessment
should be made.
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12.
Table 2 – Application of guidelines checklist
Task:
Activity
For each activity,
does the task fall
outside the
guidelines?
Y/N
Are there any other
considerations
which indicate a
problem?
Y/N
(Indicate what the
problem is)
Is a more detailed
risk assessment
required?
Y/N
Lifting and
lowering
Carrying
Pushing and
pulling
Handling while
seated
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