The Connaught Eco-neighbourhood

Transcription

The Connaught
Eco-neighbourhood
Draft Eco-neighbourhood Charter
PUBLIC MEETING
May 2012
Draft Eco-neighbourhood Charter
Connaught Eco-neighbourhood
BACKGROUND
Gatineau’s master plan provides for the residential development of the former Aylmer race track. A first
phase involving the construction of approximately 130 single family homes was approved by Gatineau
Municipal Council in 2008. Les Habitations Bouladier purchased the land in 2009, and built those units.
Phase 1 is now almost complete. On May 26, 2010, Gatineau held a consultation proposing the creation
of an urban village core for the rest of the site. At that time, the majority of residents clearly indicated
that they did not want an urban village core that would compete with rue Principale, and requested that
40% of the site be kept for recreational uses. In so doing, the local community was expressing its
commitment to an ecological environment and a high quality of life for a model eco-neighbourhood.
Located just kilometres away from rue Principale and the downtown, this neighbourhood is part of a
mixed neighbourhood of green areas and residential buildings, in a heritage and country zone. The
project’s aim is to integrate the new neighbourhood into this environment, but at the same time
distinguish it from traditional residential projects by adopting a sustainable development model. The
result would be an eco-neighbourhood with close to 800 ecological dwellings on the site of the former
race track.
ECO-NEIGHBOURHOODS
There is no single model for eco-neighbourhoods. Every project is designed to reflect the local
community and meet its needs. But all eco-neighbourhoods serve common issues and therefore follow
identical planning principles.
This is a new urban model, which offers a number of solutions to classical residential development
issues. Among other things, it breaks away from the traditional model of automobile-centred suburbs
with too much asphalt and not enough green and community areas.
The actual vision of an eco-neighbourhood is based on a global approach that aims to balance the social,
economic and environmental dimensions. This approach would integrate the following themes:
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optimizing the use of marginalized space (rehabilitation and greening of vacant lots),
integration with a public transportation pole to ensure better connections with the rest of the
city,
developing community services and public areas to achieve a better quality of life and access to
the rest of the city,
reducing household energy use through more efficient buildings and clean energy sources,
using local, ecological and healthy materials,
reducing the amount of waste generated during construction and everyday living, sorting and
revalorization, and
reducing greenhouse gases.
Connaught Eco-neighbourhood – Public meeting, May 22, 2012
1
The Connaught site has the potential to provide these features. In order to make the right decisions and
choices, Gatineau agreed with the developer to turn to Écohabitation for its expertise with ecocommunities. The latter also provides LEED® Canada certification for homes in Quebec.
This eco-neighbourhood charter is the outcome of a joint effort by Ville de Gatineau, Les Habitations
Bouladier and Écohabitation.
PURPOSE OF THE ECO-NEIGHBOURHOOD CHARTER
The charter for the Connaught eco-neighbourhood is consistent with the project’s environmental and
social goals, which it translates into practical and technical solutions that are set out in a built
component (under Buildings) and an urban component (under Neighbourhoods).
Axonometric View of the Eco-neighbourhood Design.
Credit: Alexandre Gilbert
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The Connaught eco-neighbourhood concept integrates the following themes:
The community:
An exceptional quality of life in a
sustainable and committed.
 40% of the site would be for community, public and
recreational uses:
 community garden
 public park
 school and day care
 community centre
 Affordable housing
 Governance charter with the residents’ association
 Promotion of Aylmer’s heritage
Urban planning:
Urban planning at the human scale
structured around the needs of
residents and green spaces
 Nearby services
 Less setback
 Narrower streets
 Natural areas preserved and developed to their
full potential (wooded areas, streams, shorelines …)
 Protection of the chemin d’Aylmer corridor
 Less traffic
 Street landscaping…
Sustainable mobility: A place that
accommodates all different modes of
transportation, including active and
honour-based
Energy: Carefully designed and
energy efficient buildings.
 Pedestrian and bike paths
 North-south link with sentier des Voyageurs (Lucerne)
 Sidewalks
 Universal access
 Less parking
 Underground parking (buildings in the nearby service
areas)
 Use of electric cars encouraged (electrical outlets in
parking areas)
 Ready access to the Rivermead park-and-ride, the
main one for public transit from the city’s west end
 More public transit to help reduce the number of cars
Passive solar design
Solar panel ready
Novoclimat
LEED® certification
o Option for single-family homes
 Energy consumption cut by 30%
 Innovative ecological systems used to heat
community buildings (feasibility study)
 LED (light-emitting-diode) public lighting
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Water
management:
Effective
management of rainwater, groundwater,
gray water and drinking water
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Water consumption reduced by 50%
High-efficiency taps
Low-flow toilets
Rainwater harvesting
Environmentally
responsible
construction
materials
and
efficient waste management
 Local materials
 Concrete made with recycled cement
 Optimize the use of wood (structures, exteriors,
floors…)
 Exteriors: no vinyl
 White roofs on multiple-unit and public buildings
 Easier waste sorting, storage and recycling
With all of these measures, the Connaught eco-neighbourhood would avoid the generation of
thousands of tonnes of greenhouse gases.
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ISSUES
The purpose of the draft eco-neighbourhood charter is to ensure that the Connaught econeighbourhood project involves the local community: residents’ associations, future owners, tenants,
etc.
In this document, both Ville de Gatineau and the developer make commitments in terms of the design
and construction. As well, the local community makes commitments in terms of the use of individual
and community buildings, and in terms of facilities and programs in order to ensure the continuity of the
measures taken in support of community life and the environment.
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COMMUNITY AND QUALITY OF LIFE
An involved community open to the rest of the city
NEIGHBOURHOODS
SOCIAL MIX
 An eco-neighbourhood that would promote balanced social inclusion. 1
The project would include some affordable housing (privately-owned or for sale).
COMMUNITY, GREEN AND PUBLIC AREAS
 Public areas, where people would be inclined to gather, would serve as the eco-neighbourhood’s
symbolic centre and promote its openness to the rest of the city.
1.5 million square feet would be dedicated to public, green and community areas, and would be
accessible to the entire neighbourhood.
 Community projects would provide the social link, and provide a
friendly and inclusive solution that meets the needs of the entire econeighbourhood. 2
The project includes plans for an elementary school, a community
centre with different services that would foster social cohesion
around the eco-neighbourhood’s perimeter, and a neighbourhood
park that would include sports facilities and water sprinklers.
A community garden would be developed within the econeighbourhood: a permanent area adapted to planting and/or
specific amenities such as greenhouses, all dedicated to urban
agriculture.
This area would help foster a better quality of life, social interaction
and an independent food supply.
Finally, Gatineau would play its part in promoting and fostering the
eco-neighbourhood’s lifestyle: residents would be encouraged to take part, in collaboration with the
existing residents’ association and others.
LEED ND evaluation system, neighbourhood design and development, Credit 4
Photo credit: 1: City of Ottawa, Urban Design Guidelines for Greenfield Neighbourhoods
2: Marchés de Quartier, Marché fermier Plateau/Le Mile End
3: lapressegalactique.com
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LOCAL IDENTITY AND INTEGRATION INTO THE CITY
The Connaught eco-neighbourhood would be part of a mixed neighbourhood that includes green
spaces and residential buildings, in an area with a high heritage and rural value. The purpose of this
project is to integrate the eco-neighbourhood into this environment. 3
The community and commercial services would serve the entire
neighbourhood.
There is a possibility of a partnership with the Aylmer Heritage
Association, and maison Gorman would be preserved: a small
public area would be set up in front of the house, with
interpretation panels describing the area’s history.
3
Photo credit: Google Streetview, Maison Gorman
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URBAN PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT
Urban planning at the human scale, with an emphasis on nearby
services and quality of life
AN INTERCONNECTED AND OPEN ECO-NEIGHBOURHOOD
 The eco-neighbourhood would provide a high degree of internal connectedness, and would
be very well linked to the overall community.
→ The active transportation networks (pedestrian and bike paths), the roads and public transit would
link the Connaught eco-neighbourhood to all of the surrounding neighbourhoods (Lakeview, Lynn,
Domaines des Frênes, Domaine Rivermead), which would help integrate it into the existing community.
Moreover, the services and community buildings in the eco-neighbourhood (businesses, school,
community centre, park) would promote its openness to the rest of the city.
A DENSE AND COMPACT ECO-NEIGHBOURHOOD
 A denser eco-neighbourhood that would be more conducive to getting around on foot, thereby
enhancing the living environment.
If carefully planned, this density could be reconciled with an excellent quality of life through the
introduction of new urban forms, mainly by preserving green areas near residences and including
community buildings.
Different types of habitats would be combined, including single- and multi-family homes, while at the
same time optimizing the project’s overall density.
FUNCTIONAL MIX
 An eco-neighbourhood that would provide commercial, community
and transportation services, and encourage active transportation,
improve neighbourhood life and encourage socialization. 4
The nearby services area for the Connaught eco-neighbourhood would
have a contemporary and innovative architectural design.
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A core of nearby services that would be in synergy with public
transit facilities (examples: bank, pharmacy, post office, daycare, dry cleaner, restaurant,
community centre, library, school, gym, medical clinic, bakery, public market, convenience
store, seniors’ centre, hairdresser, etc.)
A school and a community centre would be planned as part of the project
Residences with home offices would be encouraged
Photo credit: Ville.quebec.qc.ca, Rue du Campanile, Pointe-Sainte-Foy sector
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GREEN AREAS
 Green areas would be created and protected to produce pleasant surroundings. 5
The public rights-of-way would be greened as much as possible: there would be landscaping and trees
all along chemin d’Aylmer, as well as along all streets, in accordance with a well-designed plan,
coordinated with the installation of public amenities and services.
Tree species and locations would be selected based on soil capacity, urban forestry and solar design
principles, as well as the neighbourhood’s country nature.
Valuable natural spaces, wooded areas and waterways would be preserved or developed to their full
potential.
STREET LANDSCAPES 6
 Urban planning with a focus on greenery and variety to enhance the visual appeal of street
landscapes.
The country nature of the Connaught eco-neighbourhood would be supported by a series of measures
that provide a sense of belonging:
- sidewalks along all residential streets,
- shared entrances on the ground floor for semi-detached homes to maximize the space available
for trees, public services, street parking and snow storage, in order to minimize physical
disruptions on sidewalks, and
- a landscaped stretch around parking lots located on public roads.
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6
Photo credit: City of Ottawa, Urban Design Guidelines for Greenfield Neighbourhoods
Photo credit: Idem
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LESS TRAFFIC 7
 More safety for pedestrians and cyclists at key points along the network.
(see also A NEIGHBOURHOOD MADE FOR WALKING)
A neighbourhood where people like to walk is above all a safe one: a number of
speed reduction measures would be introduced for drivers to make life easier for
pedestrians and cyclists.
Photo credit 1 and 2: City of Ottawa, Urban Design Guidelines for Greenfield Neighbourhoods; 3, 4 and 5: MAMROT, Guide de
bonnes pratiques sur la planification territoriale et le développement durable - L’aménagement et l’écomobilité
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TRANSPORTATION AND MOBILITY
Diversified transportation infrastructure and modes to
promote human-powered mobility
BUILDINGS
UNIVERSAL ACCESS
 Dwellings designed for persons with reduced mobility would be integrated into this project. 8
Universal access aims to eliminate all of the barriers that prevent a person with reduced mobility from
engaging in everyday activities. In terms of buildings, it is the interior that has to be adapted.
In order to accommodate seniors and people with reduced mobility, as well as promote social mix, the
eco-neighbourhood would include units that are based on the principles of universal access: door width,
kitchen and bathroom layout, etc.
→ These principles would be integrated at the request of new owners, as well as in certain affordable
multi-unit buildings.
NEIGHBOURHOODS
UNIVERSAL ACCESS
 Easier mobility for everyone in the community.
A key component of social inclusion is the adaptation of public areas to the needs of
persons with a motor, visual or other impairment, of parents using strollers, and ageing
persons. This would enable everyone to use the services provided for
the public.
8
Photo credit: Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation
10
A PEDESTRIAN-FRIENDLY ECO-NEIGHBOURHOOD
 The eco-neighbourhood would be laid out so as to make it a pleasure to walk.
A series of urban planning and management measures would be introduced to not only make it easier
for pedestrians to get around, but also to make walking more enjoyable.
For instance, Promenade Connaught, has a promenade design, with a sidewalk and separate bike lane,
and low vegetation in addition to the rows of trees that are present throughout the eco-neighbourhood,
uninterrupted sidewalks along the streets, and a network of pedestrian and bike paths throughout the
eco-neighbourhood that cut through residential blocks, thus helping to shorten the distance to the
nearby service pole, the public transit station, and the school and community buildings.
AN ECO-NEIGHBOURHOOD THAT ACCOMMODATES PEDESTRIANS AND CYCLISTS IN
THE WINTER
 Designing public areas in consideration of winter conditions can reduce
the discomfort that often prompts residents to take the car. 9
In urban settings, cold winds and extreme heat, snow and feeling unsafe, all
of which make active transportation unpleasant, often discourage people
from walking or biking. The Connaught eco-neighbourhood would do
everything to overcome these drawbacks.
AN ECO-NEIGHBOURHOOD FOR CYCLISTS
 A place for biking throughout the eco-neighbourhood. 10
Using bicycles as an alternative to cars helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions
and promotes public health through an active lifestyle. The eco-neighbourhood’s
layout would include a continuous bike path connected to a larger network, to
ensure a link with the rest of the neighbourhood and key destinations in other
parts of the city. Multi-family buildings would provide bicycle stands.
9
Marquette Master Plan 2004, table 11.4: Vegetation with Interesting Winter Characteristics, p.203 / Photo credit: Marquette
Master Plan 2004
10
Photos credit: Institut National de santé publique du Québec / City of Ottawa, Urban Design Guidelines for Greenfield
Neighbourhoods
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AN ECO-NEIGHBOURHOOD FOCUSED ON PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
 The eco-neighbourhood is open to the rest of the city, and well connected thanks to the extensive
public transit service.
Ville de Gatineau is committed to increasing public transit services. To this end, it
will introduce a strategy aimed at promoting alternatives to using the car.
For example, the park-and-ride would be readily accessible from every part of
the eco-neighbourhood thanks to a development design that would have all
pedestrian and bike paths converging there (crossing through residential blocks
to shorten distances).
In addition, a program could be set up to encourage the use of public transit (for example in the form of
free transit passes). At the end of the day, more residents would use the bus and bicycles to get to work.
FEWER CARS
 While they may often be necessary, cars would be a second choice…or more
environmentally friendly.
For some types of travel, you can’t do without a car, but there is often an
alternative, or you can use an electric car. The eco-neighbourhood would
integrate this more user-friendly and ecological option.
First of all, there would be less parking. Then, the eco-neighbourhood would have
a car-sharing service 11, and dedicated parking would be limited to preferential
spots next to parking for persons with reduced mobility.
Multi-family houses and buildings with garages would have wiring to recharge electric cars (in a choice
location in the case of multi-family buildings).
11
Photo credit: Communauto
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ENERGY
Well-planned and energy-efficient buildings
BUILDINGS
SOLAR DESIGN 12
 Buildings in the Connaught eco-neighbourhood are
designed so as to maximize savings through passive solar
heating.
Principles of passive solar architecture are integrated into
the design, which helps optimize the use of solar heat for
the house…and take advantage of free heat in the winter.
A strategy will be developed to reduce overheating in the summer.
ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY BUILDINGS AND NOVOCLIMAT
 Homes would at the very least be Novoclimat certified.
LEED Canada certification for homes would be an option for
homeowners to make it easier.
 Community and multi-family buildings would be LEED
certified.
RECOVERING HEAT FROM WASTEWATER
 Houses could have a drain-water heat recovery system (showers), which
would reduce water heating costs by 40%! 13
12
13
Image credit: Daphnée St-Pierre for Écohabitation
Photo credit: Écohabitation / image credit: Julia Chartier for Écohabitation
13
SOLAR PANEL READY HOUSES 14
 Buildings would be ready for the installation of solar panels without
much effort.
Heating with solar or generating your own electricity…why not?
Homeowners could choose to install solar panels in the future without
major effort.
The measures that would be taken would reduce the net cost of
installing solar water heaters or a photovoltaic system by at least $400.
NEIGHBOURHOODS
URBAN HEATING / VALORIZING NEARBY SOURCES OF
ENERGY
 The municipal wastewater system running under the project
perimeter: an opportunity to tap into a source of heat. 15
Directly recover heat from drain-water (gray water from the
kitchen, bathroom, etc. flowing into the public sewer system) is for
all intents and purposes a free source of heat: only the cost of the
heat system would be taken into consideration. This system, which
uses thermal exchangers, draws out calories, thereby raising the
temperature, which optimizes the energy consumption of the heating systems installed in buildings.
How
An urban heat system could be used for the school and the community centre to reduce costs. A
feasibility study would be done by Gatineau to determine the possibility of
installing such a system.
PUBLIC LIGHTING SYSTEM
The eco-neighbourhood would use LED lighting to reduce energy consumption,
increase the sense of safety, and avoid light pollution. 16
14
Photo credit: CanSIA
Photo credit: L’écoquartier Boule Sainte-Geneviève de Nanterre, actu-environnement.com
16
Photo credit: Lumex.ca
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WATER MANAGEMENT
Rainwater and drinking water, efficiently managed
BUILDINGS
SAVING WATER
 Houses with water-saving fixtures.
Low-flow showerheads, taps and toilets help minimize the use of water without
users even realizing it. This prevents the municipal system from getting overloaded.
 Water consumption indicators would be installed to help residents trying to save
water.
These indicators assess event the smallest amount of water consumption in the
eco-neighbourhood, so it can be compared to the performance of a traditional
neighbourhood.
 Houses would have outside rainwater harvesting and reuse systems.
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Individual rain barrels for single family homes are a simple and ecological way of
optimizing the use of water. Gatineau’s rebate program ($50 on the purchase price
of a rain barrel) would apply in the Connaught eco-neighbourhood.
Combined with the reuse of rainwater throughout the neighbourhood, rain barrels
could be used to water gardens without having to rely on municipal drinking water.
 Landscape designs for private properties can reduce watering requirements. 18
Groundcover species that require less maintenance and water would be planted. This
step, together with the use of rainwater for watering, would eliminate any need to use
municipal drinking water for the garden.
 Landscape designs should not include invasive species. 19
Invasive species and those deemed to be of special concern can threaten the
biodiversity and ecosystems. Thus, they would be avoided in landscape designs.
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19
Photo credit: Ville de Gatineau
Photo credit: Creeping white clover, Wiki Commons
Photo credit: Purple loosestrife, Invading Species Awareness Program, www.invadingspecies.com
15
FIGHTING EROSION
 Environmental damage and clogging of the municipal sewer system would be avoided through
erosion control during construction. 20
Construction would be planned so that the soil from the site could be used in the gardens and parks.
RAINWATER PERCOLATION
 Rainwater would be redirected to infiltrate the soil.
An innovative system for managing water runoff would support the municipal rainwater retention
standards, and a series of measures would be introduced to reduce the extent of impermeable surfaces
such as asphalt, and to drain water runoff.
20
Photo credit: Écohabitation
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RAINWATER RECOVERY AND REUSE
 The parking lots of public buildings would have rainwater reservoirs for
public use. 21
Parking lots are large impermeable surfaces, and during heavy rainfall, a large
amount of rainwater floods the surroundings and overloads the public system,
and erodes landscaped surfaces. This excess water can be stored and used to
water public green spaces, and thus protect the environment and reduce
development costs.
 A retention pond would enhance the eco-neighbourhood. 22
Retention ponds are used to control flooding. They are designed
to hold large volumes of water that can result from torrential
downpours and sudden thaws in the spring. The rest of the time,
they remain dry. This large green space thus becomes a park
where people can walk.
 Wooded areas would be preserved for their environmental
benefits and beauty.
Wooded areas have a recreational function, and they also
provide an escape from the heat in the summer, and help fight the heat island phenomenon. In
addition, wooded areas help reduce erosion from water runoff due to heavy rains.
21
Photo credit: « 7. Les fiches de bonnes pratiques », Guide de bonnes pratiques sur la planification territoriale et le
développement durable, MAMROT, and Bassin de rétention du Boisé, Ville de Boucherville
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MATERIALS AND WASTE MANAGEMENT
Healthy, local and preserved resources
BUILDINGS
ECOLOGICAL MATERIALS
 Materials used for large construction projects would be eco-responsible,
and would help raise demand for local environmentally friendly products. 23
Lumber
Wood is an environmentally friendly material, so its use would be strongly
encouraged for building construction in the neighbourhood. Other factors that
would be taken into consideration include the source and environmental and
ethical certification.
Concrete
The cement contained in concrete has a very high ecological footprint. The
production of one tonne of cement releases one tonne of CO 2 into the
atmosphere.
Concrete is often necessary, but there is the option of using cement with a
lower ecological footprint: this would be concrete containing recycled cement,
which would be used in buildings.
Masonry products
Only local masonry products, extracted and manufactured within 800 km of
the project, would be used.
Siding
Wood siding, preferably with recycled or recovered content, or FSC certified would be recommended.
Ø No vinyl siding would be used
23
Photo credit: 1 and 2: Écohabitation
3: Centre d'expertise sur la construction commerciale en bois Cecobois
18
 Local and healthy materials would be used for finishing. 24
Insulation
High efficiency insulation that contains some recycled materials would be
used.
Floors
Local hardwood or composite wood, or bamboo or cork flooring, made with
low VOC emission adhesives would be used.
Finishing lumber
Trim, moldings, doors and cabinets would be made from local wood, and
would not contain any VOCs (volatile organic compounds).
Paints
The paints used in residential and community buildings would not
contain any VOCs.
WASTE MANAGEMENT
 Waste sorting and storage: carefully thought out. 25
Sorted household waste, and compostable and recyclable materials take
up space. Every building will be built with this in mind. For instance,
kitchens, like buildings in general, would be designed to make sorting
easier both indoors and outdoors.
24
25
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NEIGHBOURHOODS
ECOLOGICAL MATERIALS
 Materials used for urban landscaping include some recycled materials.
Concrete
The concrete used for sidewalks and urban landscaping would contain recycled
cement. Moreover, the use of aggregates and backfill from recycled sources would be
encouraged (from construction sites, in this case the former race track building).
Urban furniture
Aesthetic, resistant and ecological urban furniture would be used. Materials
such as FSC wood or synthetic wood made from recycled materials would be
encouraged. 26
RESPONSIBLE CONSTRUCTION SITE MANAGEMENT
 During construction, waste would be reduced, sorted and valorized as much as possible to prevent it
from being sent to landfill sites. 27
Sustainable construction projects make it a point of honour to generate as little waste as possible and
find appropriate recycling options. They average 40% less construction waste than standard
construction projects.
26
27
Photo credit: Cascadesreplast.com
Photo credit: Melimax
20
WASTE MANAGEMENT
 Strategically located waste stations make recycling and composting easier, without disfiguring the
eco-neighbourhood. 28
The Connaught eco-neighbourhood would help its residents reduce the amount of household waste
they generate; this is an important issue, because all unsorted waste goes to landfill sites, which are
constantly growing. It is essential that residual materials be properly separated: recycling and
composting are easier when storage bins are set up next to multi-unit and community buildings, for
instance in discretely located or concealed enclosures.
28
Photo credit: J. Maillé Côté for Écohabitation, and BEDZed, Beddington, United Kingdom
21

The Connaught Eco-neighbourhood

Transcription

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