The Link Between Tactics, Sport Psychology and Perceptual-Motor Learning Squash Canada Task #11:
Transcription
The Link Between Tactics, Sport Psychology and Perceptual-Motor Learning Squash Canada Task #11:
The Link Between Tactics, Sport Psychology and Perceptual-Motor Learning Squash Canada Task #11: Advanced Strategy and Tactics November 2003 Tim Bacon, Smith College Ice-Breaker! Think about the best tactical squash player that you know. Think about their psychological qualities. Turn to the person next to you and briefly discuss and decide (less than 2 min.): what psychological qualities do the best tactical squash players possess? Overview Open Skill Process Nideffer’s Model of Concentration Anticipation & Deception Psychological Qualities & Styles of Play Mental Skills to Improve Tactics Winning Ugly: Psychological Tactics Periodization of Tactics & Psychology Importance of Linking Tactics to Psychology & Perceptual Motor Learning Canada: Vickers Australia: Abernathy & Flynn German Tennis Federation (TC) Bompa Strategic Mistakes? Tactical-Technical - insufficient skill to carry out the strategy Tactical-Physical – insufficient conditioning to implement the strategy Tactical-Psychological –too anxious or lack of concentration or confidence to implement the strategy Tactical-Perceptual – Errors in perception, judgement or decision-making The Open Skill Process Perception Decision Action Feedback 3 Stages of Learning Stage Characteristics Tech./Tactics Cognitive Technique Differenitated Tactics Automatic Tactics Attention is both a Motor Learning and Psychology Topic Nideffer’s Model of Sports Concentration Focus – flashlight model 4 types of focus Relationship to Open Skill Process Choking Process Attentional Errors TAIS Attentional Control Training Four Types of Attentional Focus Broad WIDTH Narrow External Internal DIRECTION Choking An Attentional Problem Attentional Problems Attending to past events (e.g., what was?) Attending to future events (e.g., what if?) Choking under pressure Overanalysis of body mechanics Fatigue Test of Attentional & Interpersonal Style BET, NAR, OIT, OET, RED Canadian Jr. results Anticipation in Racquet Sports Abernethy: « A » players initiate movement before the ball is struck « D » players do not! Expert players rely on shoulder and racquet head cues - novices don ’t Differences between world-class and national-level players Teaching Ball Judgement Train the perception: straight or cross Train the decision: « fore » or « back » Train skill 1: forehand Train skill 2 Alternate execution of skills Randomize execution of skills Competitive game Evaluate in match play Progression for Anticipation Identify pre-impact cues train the perception train the decision train skill 1 train skill 2 alternate skills randomize skills competitive-conditioned game evaluate in match play Decision-Making (Tactics) Progression Choose a topic: select two skills where player must differentiate “Sell” the decision Train the perception Train the decision Train skill 1 Train skill 2 etc. Decision Training (Vickers) Tactial Training Feedback Top down vs. Bottom up Tactical Coaching Assessment Coaching Feedback Assessment Top Down Coaching Developmental Model for Perceptual-Motor Skills (Flynn) Psychological Qualities & Styles of Play Style Retriever Attritional Lobber/slow Hard Hitter Shotmaker Psych Quality Methods to Develop IPS and Tactics Tactical play is improved when in the zone Mental Skills to Improve Tactics Skill Relaxation Self-Talk Activation Visualization Concentration Application Rationale Focus Plans 1. 2. 3. Integrated mental & tactical plan 3 parts: Pre-Match, Match, Refocus 3 ways to develop Situation/checkpoint/score Tactics Free form Winning Ugly: Psychological Tactics Brad Gilbert: Winning Ugly ‘’Geoff Hunt on Squash’’ Chuck Kriese: Momentum Management Periodization of Tactics & Psychology Technical-Tactial periodization Development of psychological qualities Development of mental skills Periodization of visualization Long-term planning Periodization of Visualization General Prep. Specific Prep. PreComp. Comp. Technique Basic Patterns Individual Game Plan Styles Focus N/A Plan Opponent Refocus Forehand drop in front Retriever 8-8, 5th N/A Match ball Down 2-0 Drop followed by volley Trans. Longterm Planning – TC Example Age Psych Qualities Other U11 U14 U16/18 References