Math 114 - The 10 AM Edition Worksheet 3 The Method of

Transcription

Math 114 - The 10 AM Edition Worksheet 3 The Method of
Math 114 - The 10 AM Edition
Worksheet 3
The Method of Cylindrical Shells
Guiding Principle: Any quantity which may be computed as a limit of Riemann sums may be computed as an integral.
Useful Formulas: A cylinder of height h and radius r has volume
V = πr2 h
Good Advice: After class, be sure to re-read this section and work examples
of each of the cases in figure 10 on page 388.
1. Suppose that a cylinder has constant height h. Using the formula V =
πr2 h find the differential dV .
Solution: dV = 2πrh dr.
2. Set up but do not evaluate the integral for the volume of a solid obtained
by rotating the area under the graph of f (x) = 4 − x2 on [0, 2] about the
y-axis. Use the method of cylindrical shells.
Figure 1: Area bounded by y = 4 − x2 on [0, 2]
Solution: We have 0 ≤ x ≤ 2. A cylindrical shell at x has radius x and
height 4 − x2 . Hence
Z 2
V =
2πx(4 − x2 ) dx.
0
3. Set up but do not evaluate the integral for the volume of a solid obtained
by rotating the area between the graphs of y = 8 − x3 and y = 8 − 4x for
x ≥ 0 about the y-axis.
Figure 2: Area bounded by y = 8 − x3 and y = 8 − 4x
Solution:
First we need to find where the curves intersect. Setting
8 − x3 = 8 − 4x we get x3 − 4x = 0 or, factoring, x(x2 − 4) = 0. The
roots are 0 and ±2. Given that x ≥ 0 we conclude that 0 ≤ x ≤ 2.
Figure 2 shows the area. A cylindrical shell at x has radius x and height
[8 − x3 ] − [8 − 4x] = 4x − x3 . Hence
Z
2
2πx(4x − x3 ) dx.
V =
0
4. Set up but do not evaluate the integral for the volume of a solid obtained
by rotating the area under the graph of f (x) = x3 on [0, 1] about the axis
x = −2.
Solution: Here the challenge is to get the radius right. Figure 3 shows
the situation. Clearly 0 ≤ x ≤ 1. The radius of the cylindrical shell is
x − (−2) or x + 2, while the height is x3 . Hence
Z
1
2π(x + 2)x3 dx.
V =
0
Figure 3: Area bounded by f (x) = x3 on [0, 1] and axis x = −2
5. Set up but do not evaluate the integral for the volume of a solid obtained
by rotating the area enclosed by the curves x = y(4 − y) and x = 0 about
the x-axis.
Figure 4: Area bounded by x = 0 and x = y(4 − y) showing cross section of
thin cylinder of “height” 3 at y = 1
Solution: In this example, we need to integrate over y rather than over
x. For this area, we have 0 ≤ y ≤ 4. The radius of a cylindrical shell at y
is exactly y, while the “height” (distance parallel to the x axis) is y(4 − y).
Hence
Z
4
2πy · y(4 − y) dy.
V =
0