Biomolecules Review Worksheets 14 KEY

Biomolecules Review Worksheets 14 KEY
Compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen covalently bonded together; organic biomolecules always contain CHO
A group of atoms aached to the carbon backbone of an
organic molecule; reacts in the same way during chemical reacons an organic compound with a hydroxyl group aached to one of its
carbon atoms
A simple molecule that can bond to others of its kind to form
more complex molecules; a subunit
A complex molecule that consists of repeated, linked subunits
A
C
B
A
D
Biomolecules Review Worksheets 14 KEY
Hydroxyl groups can make a substance polar and is oen involved in
dehydraon synthesis and H‐bonding. Carboxyl groups are oen acidic.
carbon atom, monomer, polymer, macromolecule
The glucose molecule releases an OH and the fructose
molecule releases an H which combine to form a molecule of water.
The disaccharide sucrose is formed by this reacon.
ATP breaks down into a molecule of ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and
a free phosphate group. This reacon releases energy.
With 7 valence e‐
carbon would then only be able to make one bond. This would result
in far fewer molecular arrangement opons.
Reactants: glucose and fructose; Products: sucrose and water
Condensaon
(dehydraon synthesis)
Reactants: sucrose and water; Products: glucose and fructose
Hydrolysis
Biomolecules Review Worksheets 14 KEY
Monosaccharide: simple sugar, single‐ringed
carbohydrate monomer; Polysaccharide: complex carbohydrate polymer
Amino acid: protein subunit; Protein: biomolecule composed of many linked amino acids
Nucleode: nucleic acid subunit;
Nucleic acid: biomolecule composed of many linked nucleodes; ex. DNA and RNA
C
A
D
B
D
Biomolecules Review Worksheets 14 KEY
Storage form ‐ glycogen, quick energy ‐ glucose. Glycogen is formed from many glucose
molecules bonded together in a highly branched chain.
One
20
Phospholipids
The hydrophobic tails
of the phospholipids provide a barrier between the inside and the
outside of the cell.
Four fused carbon rings
Cholesterol, testosterone, estrogen
The waterproof wax layer helps prevent water loss and dessicaon.
Substrate
Products/Monomers
Enzyme
Biomolecules Review Worksheets 14 KEY
Double‐ringed nitrogenous base; adenine and guanine
Single‐ringed nitrogenous base; cytosine, thymine and uracil
(uracil only in RNA)
Bases that bond to each other by hydrogen bonding;
A‐T and G‐C
a ring‐shaped molecule containing C and N;
aached to the 1' carbon in a nucleode
C
D
A
B
B
Biomolecules Review Worksheets 14 KEY
Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base
Base is aached to the 1' carbon of the sugar, Phosphate to the 5'
Guanines bond with cytosine, so they should contain the same percentage (15% and 15%).
The remaining 70% of the sample would be adenine (35%) and thymine (35%).
The hydrogen bonds between the complementary bases keep the two strands (sides) of the DNA molecule together. The X‐ray photos showed the shape of the molecule as a double helix.
Deoxyribose
Guanine
(Purine)
Adenine
(Purine)
Phosphate