therapeutic effect of tulsi (ocimum sanctum linn)
Transcription
therapeutic effect of tulsi (ocimum sanctum linn)
ISBN 978-93-5173-179-3 http://www.ayurlog.com ISSN 2320-7329 Issue- 1st Jan- Mar 2015 Vol. 3 Ayurlog: National Journal of Research in Ayurved Science A Web based quarterly online published Open Access peer reviewed National E-journal of Ayurved THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF TULSI (OCIMUM SANCTUM LINN) IN GENERAL AND ORAL HEALTH ________________________________________________________________ Tiwari Ranjana*1, Tripathi V.D. 2 ___________________________________________________________________________ 1. Reader, Deptt.of Stree & Prasuti Tantra , Major S D Singh Ayurvedic Medical College & Hospital , Fatehgarh, Farrukhabad, U.P. Contact at: 72/8 Puradalel Allapur Allahabad U.P. 211006 2.Post graduate student, Dept. of Periodontics Rama Dental college hospital & Research Centre, Kanpur U.P. * Corresponding Author: Email Id. [email protected] ___________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT compounds that have been identified and Ocimum sanctum is a widely branched, extracted are eugenol (an essential oil) and erect, stout and aromatic herb, about 75 cms ursolic acid. Many scientific studies have high. This small herb is found throughout indicated that Ocimum sanctum has anti- India and is cultivated near Hindu houses stress, and temples. The leaves, seeds and root of immunomodulating, this plant have been used in Ayurvedic antiinflammatory,antibacterial, medicine. The chemical composition of antifungal, Tulsi is highly complex, containing many antidiabetic, antimalarial and hypolipidemic nutrients active properties with a wide margin of safety. In compounds. Due to its inherent botanical Ayurvedic medicine, Tulsi is being used and Tulsi either alone or in combination with others in standardization has, so far, eluded modern various clinical conditions like anxiety, and other biochemical biological complexity, science. Perhaps best known of many active 1 antioxidant, antipyretic, hepatoprotective, antiviral, antidiuretic, ISBN 978-93-5173-179-3 http://www.ayurlog.com ISSN 2320-7329 Issue- 1st Jan- Mar 2015 Vol. 3 Ayurlog: National Journal of Research in Ayurved Science A Web based quarterly online published Open Access peer reviewed National E-journal of Ayurved chronic cough, bronchitis, fever, snake and Tulsi has been described as of two types- scorpion bites. vanya (wild) and gramya (grown in homes). Although having identical usage, the former Keywords: Ocimum sanctum, Tulsi leaves, has darker leaves. Tulsi is a popular home Ayurvedic Medicine. remedy for many ailments such as wound, bronchitis, liver diseases, Catarrhal fever, INTRODUCTION otalgia, lumbago, hiccough, ophthalmic, The Use of plants and plant products as gastric disorders, genitourinary disorders, medicines could be traced as far back as the skin diseases, various forms of poisoning beginning of human civilization. The earliest and psychosomatic stress disorders[1-2]. mention of medicinal use of plants in hindu It has also aromatic, stomachic, carminative, culture is found in Rigveda , which is said to demulcent, have been written between 4500-1600 BC expectorant, and is supposed to be the oldest repository febrifuge properties[3]. In view of these facts, of human knowledge. an attempt has been made to review on the Tulsi is an important symbol of the Hindu various pharmacological activities of OS religious tradition. Although the word based on the experimental and clinical „Tulsi‟ studies reported indifferent literatures. gives incomparable the one, connotation its other of the name, diaphoretic, alexiteric, diuretic, vermifuge and Tulsi grows wild in the tropics and warm Vishnupriya means the one that pleases Lord regions. The plant Vishnu. Found in most of the Indian homes cultivated throughout India. It is an erect, and worshipped, its legend has Permeated much branched, fragrant and erected plant Indian ethos down the ages. Known in attaining a height of about 30-60 cm when English as Holy Basil and botanically called mature. The plant is bitter and acrid.[2-3] Ocimum sanctum, Tulsi belongs to plant Tulsi is described as sacred and medicinal family Lamiaceae. It has made important plant in ancient literature. contribution to the field of science from The name Tulsi is derived from „Sanskrit‟, ancient times as also to modern research due which means “matchless one”. This plant to its large number of medicinal properties. belongs to the family Labiatae, characterized 2 is distributed and ISBN 978-93-5173-179-3 http://www.ayurlog.com ISSN 2320-7329 Issue- 1st Jan- Mar 2015 Vol. 3 Ayurlog: National Journal of Research in Ayurved Science A Web based quarterly online published Open Access peer reviewed National E-journal of Ayurved by square stem and specific aroma. blindness, diarrhoea and influenza. The Botanical name of Tulsi is Ocimum sanctum leaves are good for nerves and to sharpen (Linn). In India, the plant is grown memory. Chewing of Tulsi leaves also cures throughout the country from Andaman and ulcers and infections of mouth[2]. Nicobar islands to the Himalayas up to 1800 meters above the sea level. Phytoconstituents Ocimum sanctum (Linn) is the most The leaves of OS contain 0.7% volatile oil prominent species of the genera. The leaves comprising about 71% eugenol and 20% of the plant are considered to be very holy methyl eugenol. The oil also contains and often form a consistent part of the Hindu carvacrol and sesquiterpine hydrocarbon spiritual rituals (Tirtha or Prasada). Ocimum caryophyllene. Fresh leaves and stem of OS sanctum has two varieties i.e. black (Krishna extract yielded some phenolic compounds Tulsi) and green (Rama Tulsi), their (antioxidants) chemical constituents are similar. Both the circimaritin, varieties also have common medicinal rosameric acid, and appreciable quantities of [1] such as isothymusin, cirsilineol, apigenin and properties . eugenol8 . Two flavonoids, viz., orientin Traditional uses andvicenin from aqueous leaf extract of OS Tulsi is also known as "the elixir of life" have been isolated3 . Ursolic acid, apigenin, since it promotes longevity. Different parts luteolin, of plant areused in Ayurveda and Siddha luteolin-7-O Systems of Medicine for prevention and molludistin have also been isolated from the cure of many illnesses and everyday leaf extract. OS also contains a number of ailments like common cold, headache, sesquiterpenes cough, flu, earache, fever, colic pain, sore bornyl throat, bronchitis, asthma, hepatic diseases, pinenes, camphene, campestral, cholesterol, malaria fever, as an antidote for snake bite stigma sterol and – sitosterol[9]. and scorpion sting, flatulence, migraine Tulsi as a prophylactic agent headaches, fatigue, skin diseases, wound, Decoction of leaves is used against the insomnia, arthritis, digestive disorders, night gastritis and hepatic disorders. The juice of 3 apigenin- 7-O-glucuronide, glucuronide, and orientin monoterpenes acetate,-elemene, neral, - and viz., and- ISBN 978-93-5173-179-3 http://www.ayurlog.com ISSN 2320-7329 Issue- 1st Jan- Mar 2015 Vol. 3 Ayurlog: National Journal of Research in Ayurved Science A Web based quarterly online published Open Access peer reviewed National E-journal of Ayurved fresh leaves is also given to patients to treat Tulsi helps skin stay healthy and supple. Use dysentery. In a study, it has been found that of Tulsi in the treatment of all kinds of cuts, methanol extract of Ocimum suave showed wounds and ulcers is highly beneficial. The healing effect against chronic gastric ulcers leaf juice of tulsi along with triphala is used induced in experimental rats. Ocimum sp. as an eye tonic and is recommended for along with pepper, turmeric and onion is glaucoma, prophylactic is and other diseases associated with eyes. insecticidal and larvicidal. It contains: b- Chewing of leaves before a meal helps bisabolene (13-20%), methyl chavicol (3- stimulating the appetite, and a tea taken after 19%), 1,8-cineole (9-33%), eugenol (4-9%), a meal promotes digestion by increasing the (E)-a-bisabolene (4-7%) and aterpinol (1.7- flow of gastric juices, while reducing gas 7%) are the main constituents of tulsi oil[10] . and bloating. Ocimum sanctum also reduces Often, Tulsi is planted in Indian gardens as a the chances of ulcers. It is an active mosquito repellant. Essential oils of Tulsi diaphoretic common cold. It removes excess possess 100 % larvicidal property. It has cough from lungs and nasal passages. A been found that Tulsi has excellent anti- decoction of Tulsi leaves is a popular malarial properties as well. Eugenol is the remedy for common cold in India. It is also main constituent and it is responsible for its given for fever along with the clove. It also repellant property. Paste prepared from Tulsi lowers the uric acid levels and hence is leaves considered as a potential anti-inflammatory against malaria. is used against infection. Tulsi removes the Oil ringworm worms and cataract,chronic conjunctivitis agent. The leaves of basil are specific for parasites. Tulsi extract with honey is many fevers. recommended so that the parasites may be During the rainy season, when malaria and excited, thus drawing them out of their dengue fever are widely prevalent, tender hiding places. Paste of its leaves is applied leaves, boiled with tea, act as preventive on face to clear marks[11]. Urosolic acid against these diseases. In case of acute present in leaves returns elasticity and fevers, a decoction of the leaves boiled with removes wrinkles. powdered cardamom brings down the temperature, thereby it has been considered 4 ISBN 978-93-5173-179-3 http://www.ayurlog.com ISSN 2320-7329 Issue- 1st Jan- Mar 2015 Vol. 3 Ayurlog: National Journal of Research in Ayurved Science A Web based quarterly online published Open Access peer reviewed National E-journal of Ayurved as a potential antipyretic cocktail as a home Antioxidants thus play important role in remedy. Tulsi is an important constituent of protecting the human body against damage many cough syrups and expectorants. It by reacting oxygen species. It also decreases helps to mobilize mucus in bronchitis and the lipid peroxidation and increases the asthma. Chewing Tulsi leaves relieves cold activity of super-oxide and flu. The leaves are nerve tonic and also Presence of eugenol attributes to its anti- sharpen memory. They promote the removal oxidative property and is also thought to be of the catarrhal matter and phlegm from the responsible for inhibition of lipid per bronchial tube. oxidation. It is useful in teeth disorders and is also maintaining good health and in preventing recommended against the chances occurrence of heart diseases as pyorrhoea. Also, it is used as a remedy for well as most of the other biochemical night blindness and conjunctivitis. Being diseases because oxidative stress is the nerve tonic the leaves are uused to sharpen hallmark of such diseases[14]. memory. It is a good source of antioxidants Chemical properties and offer substantial protection against free Ocimum sanctum has specific aromatic radical Oxygen free odour because of the presence of essential or radicals are natural physiological products, volatile oil, mainly concentrated in the leaf. containing This aromatic volatile oil mainly contains as a remedy induced damage. one or more unpaired electrons[10] . Reactive This dismutase[13] property helps . in phenols, terpenes and aldehydes. The oil oxygen species (ROS) may extracted from seeds is called fixed oil and damage life important membrane lipids, mainly composed of fatty acids. proteins, DNA and carbohydrates. This Besides oil, the plant also contains alkaloids, damage has been implicated in the causation glycosides, saponines and tannins. The of several diseases such as liver cirrhosis, leaves contain ascorbic acid and carotene as atherosclerosis, cancer, and diabetes etc[11-12] well. The present day information about the . It has been well accepted that dietary chemical properties is based on the various antioxidants have in studies that have been done in different parts ameliorating these processes. of the world[15] and it is likely that chemical great potential disease 5 ISBN 978-93-5173-179-3 http://www.ayurlog.com ISSN 2320-7329 Issue- 1st Jan- Mar 2015 Vol. 3 Ayurlog: National Journal of Research in Ayurved Science A Web based quarterly online published Open Access peer reviewed National E-journal of Ayurved constituents may be varying due to edaphic also sharpen memory. They promote the and geographic factors[16]. removal of the catarrhal matter and phlegm Health Benefits of Basil (Tulsi) from the The health benefits of holy basil or tulsi strengthen the stomach and induce copious include oral care, relief from respiratory perspiration. The seed of the plant are disorders, fever, asthma, lung disorders, mucilaginous. heart diseases and stress. Holy Basil 2. Fever & Common Cold (scientific name is Ocimum Sanctum) or The leaves of basil are specific for many Tulsi is undoubtedly the best medicinal herb fevers. During the rainy season, when ever known. It has endless miraculous and malaria and dengue fever are widely medicinal values and is being worshipped in prevalent, tender leaves, boiled with tea, act India since thousands of years. Even going as preventive against these diseases. In case closer to a Tulsi plant alone can protect you of acute fevers, a decoction of the leaves from many infections. A few leaves dropped boiled with powdered cardamom in half a in drinking water or foodstuff can purify it liter of water and mixed with sugar and milk and can kill germs in it. Even smelling it or brings down the temperature. The juice of keeping it planted in a pot indoors can tulsi leaves can be used to bring down fever. protect the whole family from infections, Extract of tulsi leaves in fresh water should cough and cold and other viral infections. be given every 2 to 3 hours. In between one Holy Basil is so good for boosting up the can keep giving sips of cold water. In immune system that cannot be explained in children, it is every effective in bringing words. It protects from nearly all sorts of down the temperature. infections from viruses, bacteria, fungi and 3. Coughs protozoa. Recent studies show that it is also Tulsi is an important constituent of many helpful in inhibiting growth HIV and Ayurvedic cough syrups and expectorants. It carcinogenic cells. helps to mobilize mucus in bronchitis and 1. Healing Power asthma. Chewing tulsi leaves relieves cold The tulsi plant has many medicinal bronchial tube. and flu. properties. The leaves are a nerve tonic and 4. Sore Throat 6 The leaves ISBN 978-93-5173-179-3 http://www.ayurlog.com ISSN 2320-7329 Issue- 1st Jan- Mar 2015 Vol. 3 Ayurlog: National Journal of Research in Ayurved Science A Web based quarterly online published Open Access peer reviewed National E-journal of Ayurved Water boiled with basil leaves can be taken Basil leaves are regarded as an 'adaptogen' as drink in case of sore throat. This water or anti-stress agent. Recent studies have can also be used as a gargle. shown that the leaves afford significant 5. Respiratory Disorder protection against stress. Even healthy The herb is useful in the treatment of persons can chew 12 leaves of basil, twice a respiratory system disorder. A decoction of day, to prevent stress. It purifies blood and the leaves, with honey and ginger is an helps prevent several common elements. effective remedy for bronchitis, asthma, 10. Mouth Infections influenza, cough and cold. A decoction of The leaves are quite effective for the ulcer the leaves, cloves and common salt also and infections in the mouth. A few leaves gives immediate relief in case of influenza. chewed will cure these conditions. They should be boiled in half a litre of water 11. Insect Bites till only half the water is left and add then The herb is a prophylactic or preventive and taken. and honey, if taken regularly for 6 curative for insect stings or bites. A months it will expel them via the urinary teaspoonful of the juice of the leaves is tract. taken and is repeated after a few hours. 7. Heart Disorder Fresh juice must also be applied to the Basil has a beneficial effect in cardiac affected parts. A paste of fresh roots is also disease and the weakness resulting from effective in case of bites of insects and them. It reduces the level of blood leeches. cholesterol. 12. Skin Disorders 8. Children's Ailments Applied locally, basil juice is beneficial in Common paediatric problems like cough the treatment of ringworm and other skin cold, fever, diarrhoea and vomiting respond diseases. It has also been tried successfully favourably to the juice of basil leaves. If by some naturopaths in the treatment of pustules leucoderma. of chicken pox delay their appearance, basil leaves taken with saffron will hasten them. 13. Teeth Disorder 9. Stress 7 ISBN 978-93-5173-179-3 http://www.ayurlog.com ISSN 2320-7329 Issue- 1st Jan- Mar 2015 Vol. 3 Ayurlog: National Journal of Research in Ayurved Science A Web based quarterly online published Open Access peer reviewed National E-journal of Ayurved The herb is useful in teeth disorders. Its assessed against S. mutans & cocluded that leaves, dried in the sun and powdered, can the composition of tulsi extract 4% has be used for brushing teeth. It can also be maximum antibacterial potential. mixed with mustered oil to make a paste and used as toothpaste. This is very good for Leukoplekia & Sub Mucous Fibrosis maintaining dental health, counteracting bad Polyphenol rosmarinic acidpresent in Tulsi breath and for massaging the gums. It is also can act as powerful antioxidant so this useful property can therapeutically utilized in in pyorrhoea and other teeth disorders. treating common oral precancerous lesions Toothache & conditions. Tulsi can act as COX 2 inhibitor, like modern analgesics due to its significant of 14. Headaches eugenol (1 hydroxyl- 2 methoxy-4 allyl Basil makes a good medicine for headache. benzene) ocimum sanctum leaves contain0.7 A decoction of the leaves can be given for % volatile oil comprising about 71% this disorder. Pounded leaves mixed with eugenol & 20% methyl eugenol. [28] sandalwood paste can also be applied on the Periodontal disorder forehead for getting relief from heat, Tulsi leaves dried in sun & powdered can be headache, and for providing coolness in used for brushing teeth. It can also be mixed general. with mustered oil to make a paste to use as 15. Eye Disorders tooth paste. This is very good in maintaining Basil juice is an effective remedy for sore oral health & counteracting oral malodor. eyes and night-blindness, which is generally This can also be used for massaging gingival caused by deficiency of vitamin A. Two to treat various gingival problems.[27-28] drops of black basil juice are put into the Anticariogenic agent eyes daily at bedtime. Streptococcus mutans is a microorganism Anticancer activity which has been well implicated in causing The anticancer activity of OS has been dental caries. In an in-vitro study various proved and cited by several investigators[17] concentrations of tulsi extracts have been .The alcoholic extract (AlE) of leaves of OS 8 ISBN 978-93-5173-179-3 http://www.ayurlog.com ISSN 2320-7329 Issue- 1st Jan- Mar 2015 Vol. 3 Ayurlog: National Journal of Research in Ayurved Science A Web based quarterly online published Open Access peer reviewed National E-journal of Ayurved has a modulatory influence on carcinogen properties. The oil has been shown to have metabolizing enzymes such as cytochrome P inhibitory 450, cytochrome b5, aryl hydrocarbon Mycobacterium hydroxylase Micrococcus pyogenes var. aureus. It has and glutathione effects growth tuberculosis and one detoxification of carcinogens and mutagens. streptomycin Antimicrobial activity isoniazid[4]. AqE of OS showed growth inhibition for Aqueous and acetone extracts of Ocimum Klesbiella, and sanctum were also found to be sensitive to Staphylococcus aureus; while AlE of OS many plant fungi. The essential oils of Tulsi showed Vibrio have been effective against both Gram- cholerae. The AlE of OS was also found to positive and Gram-negative bacteria and the be active against multidrug-resistant strains properties of S. aureus that are also resistant to effectiveness of clove oil[25]. common beta lactam antibiotics. Similarly, Antimicrobial activity of Ocimum sanctum OS was found to be active against resistant was found to be higher as compared to Neisseria gonorrhea strains. commonly Indian growth coli, Proteus inhibition mythological and were potency one-fourth comparable available other that with species of of the of Padmottara Ocimum (i.e. O. canum, O. gratissimum, O. Purana asserts that a house where a garden basilicum) in India more so, aqueous extract, of Tulsi exists is itself a centre of alcoholic extract and seed oil of Tulsi shown pilgrimage; neither servants of Yama (The antimicrobial lord of death) nor disease can enter there and [26] pathogens wherever fragrance of Tulsi goes, the air Conclusion gets purified [6] book for anti-tubercular of Stransferase(GST), which are important in E. tenth on properties against enteric . . This statement seems to therapies involving plants have existed for have some relevance because the essential thousands of years & may be as old as oil, which forms the specific fragrance, is human volatile in nature and can kill various types medicinal plant is “Tulsi” which is regarded of microbes. The essential oil is reported to as the “Queen of Herbs” because of its possess varied medicinal properties & mythological antibacterial and insecticidal 9 civilization itself. One such ISBN 978-93-5173-179-3 http://www.ayurlog.com ISSN 2320-7329 Issue- 1st Jan- Mar 2015 Vol. 3 Ayurlog: National Journal of Research in Ayurved Science A Web based quarterly online published Open Access peer reviewed National E-journal of Ayurved values too. Traditionally it has been used for Medicine treating various systemic conditions in 1995;3:23–29. Ayurveda. It can prove beneficial in oral 7. disease also because of its antibacterial , Chemotypes of Ocimum sanctum Linn. anti-inflammatory Indian Perfumer 1985;29:49–56. , ulcer healing, antioxidant ,immunomodulatory properties. and Phillip MP Health and (NAMAH). Damodaran NP. 8. Yanpallewar SU, Rai S, Kumar M and Acharya SB. Evaluation of antioxidant and REFRENCES neuroprotective effect of Ocimum sanctum 1.Das SK and Vasudevan DM. Tulsi: The on transient cerebral ischemia and long term Indian holy power plant. Natural Product cerebral Radiance. 2006;5:279-83. Biochem Behav. 2004;79(1):155-164. 2. 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Ocimum Cite this article: THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF TULSI (OCIMUM SANCTUM LINN) IN GENERAL AND ORAL HEALTH Tiwari Ranjana, Tripathi V.D. Ayurlog: National Journal of Research in Ayurved Science-2014; 3(1): 1-12 12