Magnetic Susceptibility Index - Gem Identification with Magnetism

Magnetic Susceptibility Index - Gem Identification with Magnetism

Magnetic Susceptibility Index for Gemstones
©2010 Kirk Feral
Magnetic responses are standardized to 1/2" X 1/2" N-52 magnet cylinders.
Colorless and extremely pale stones of any species tend to be Inert (diamagnetic).
Black opaque stones of many species are strongly magnetic and may Pick Up or Drag.
Pick Up and Drag responses are weight-dependent. Direct responses on the Index apply to gems 1-4cts.
Larger gems may be too heavy to Pick Up or Drag. Smaller non-Garnet gems with strong magnetism may Pick Up.
Gemstone
Actinolite
Nephrite Jade (black)
Nephrite Jade (green)
Nephrite Jade (white, yellow)
Pargasite (green)
Pargasite (orangey brown)
Afghanite (blue)
Alexandrite (see Chrysoberyl)
Amber (any color)
Amblygonite-Montebrasite (blue, green)
Amethyst (see Quartz)
Andalusite
Brownish Green
Viridine or Mangan-Andalusite (dark green)
Apatite
Transparent blue, green, yellow
Yellow, yellowish brown
Aquamarine (see Beryl)
Astrophyllite
Axinite
Ferroaxinite (brown, bluish brown)
Manganaxinite (yellow)
Manganaxinite (opaque black end member)
Magnesioaxinite (near-colorless end member)
Azurite (opaque)
Barite (pale brown, blue)
Bastnasite (pale to dark)
Benitoite
Beryl
Aquamarine (pale to medium blue)
Golden / Yellow Beryl
Heliodor (yellowish green)
Response Range
SI X 10 (-6) Range
Cause of Color
Strong to Drags
Moderate to Drags
Inert
Inert
Weak
Inert
321-577
91-343
< 0 (diamagnetic)
< 0 (diamagnetic)
35 SI
< 0 (diamagnetic)
Iron
Iron, Chromium
Iron
Iron, Vanadium
Iron
Chromium, Vanadium
Inert
Inert
< 0 (diamagnetic)
< 0 (diamagnetic)
Charge Transfer involving Organic Compounds
Iron, Manganese
Inert to Weak
Moderate
< 0 -26
100 SI
Iron-Oxygen-Titanium Charge Transfer
Manganese (Mn3+), Iron
Inert (Weak in rare cases)
Weak to Strong
< 0 (diamagnetic)
< 20 - >120
Mang., Rare-earth, Charge Transfer, Color Centers
Rare-earth Metals
Strong
1146-1328
Iron, Manganese
Drags
Drags
Drags
Weak
Strong
Inert
Drags (Picks Up under 1ct)
Inert
603-654 SI
345-378 SI
998 SI
17 SI
382 SI
< 0 (diamagnetic)
654-898 SI
< 0 (diamagnetic)
Iron, Vanadium
Manganese, possibly Charge Transfer
Manganese
Magnesium (colorless)
Copper
Color Centers
Cerium (a Rare-earth metal)
Iron-Titanium Charge Transfer
Weak to Moderate
Inert to Weak
Inert
20-100
< 0-48
< 0 (diamagnetic)
Iron, Iron-Iron Charge Transfer
Iron
Chromium, Iron
Morganite
Blue Beryl (Maxixe)
Red Beryl (transparent Bixbite)
Pezzottaite (pink, Beryl Group)
Green Beryl
Emerald
Synthetic Emerald
Synthetic Red Beryl
Synthetic Aquamarine
Bismuth (native metal)
Brazilianite (transparent greeish yellow)
Bumblebee "Jasper" (mineral aggregate)
Bustamite (translucent)
Calcite
Calcite
Most Calcite Color Variations
Pink Cobalto Calcite
Carneilian (see Quartz)
Cassiterite (pale yellow)
Cavansite (stabilized cab)
Celestite (blue)
Charoite
Chondrodite
Chromite
Chrysoberyl
Chrysoberyl
Alexandrite
Synthetic Alexandrite
Chrysocolla
Chrysoprase (see Quartz)
Citrine (see Quartz)
Clinohumite
Red Clinohumite
Orange Clinohumite
Clinozoisite
Cobaltite (purity unknown)
Copper
Pure Copper
Native Copper (impurities)
Coral
Corundum
Black Star Sapphire
Brown
Inert
Inert
Strong
Weak
Inert to Weak
Inert to Moderate
Weak to Moderate
Moderate to Strong
Moderate
Inert
Inert
Moderate to Strong
Picks Up
< 0 (diamagnetic)
< 0 (diamagnetic)
117 SI
< 20
< 20
<0-87
26-143
126 SI
109 SI
< 0 (diamagnetic)
< 0 (Diamagnetic)
Varies within the stone
2,995 SI
Manganese
Color centers
Manganese
Manganese
Iron
Chromium, Vanadium
Chromium, Vanadium
Cobalt
Iron
Bismuth
No Data
Sulfur, Arsenic, Hematite
Manganese
Inert
Weak
< 0 (diamagnetic)
22-26
Iron, Manganese, Zinc
Cobalt
Inert
Moderate
Inert
Weak
Inert
Drags
< 0 (diamagnetic)
> 82
< 0 (diamagnetic)
56-69
< 0 (diamagnetic)
Not Tested
Iron
Vanadium
Color Centers
Manganese
Iron, Manganese
Iron, Chromium
Weak to Moderate
Weak
Inert
Moderate-Strong
20-127
43 SI
< 0 (diamagnetic)
104-239
Iron
Chromium
Chromium, Vanadium
Copper
Weak
Strong
Drags
Strong
65 SI
334 SI
373 SI
No Data
Iron, Manganese
Manganese, Iron
Iron, Chromium
Cobalt, Arsenic
Inert
Strong
Inert
< 0 (diamagnetic)
No Data
< 0 (diamagnetic)
Copper
Copper (and impurities)
Organic Pigments
Weak to Moderate
Moderate
20-143
130 SI
Iron, Titanium
Iron
Blue Sapphire (iron-rich igneous sources)
Blue Sapphire (low-iron metamorphic sources)
Green, Yellow, Orange, Padparadscha, Clr Change
Purple, Pink
Pale, Near-Colorless and Colorless
Ruby
Synthetic Ruby (red corundum)
Synthetic Sapphire (any color except red)
Chrome Diopside (see Diopside)
Cubic Zirconium (CZ)
Most CZ colors
Pink CZ
Color Change CZ (red to green)
Cuprite (transparent to opaque)
Danburite (yellow)
Diamond (colorless, fancy colors, black )
HTHP Synthetic Diamond (yellow,blue,colorless)
CVD Synthetic Diamond (colorless)
Diaspore
Diopside
Black Star Diopside
Chrome Diopside (chrome green)
Vanadium Diopside (mint green)
Iron Diopside (grayish green)
Yellow Diopside
Violane (blue opaque Diopside)
Dolomite (transparent yellow/brown)
Dumortierite
Ekanite (transparent green)
Emerald (see Beryl)
Enstatite
Hypersthene (opaque black)
Bronzite (opaque brown)
Enstatite (transparent brown, green)
Chrome Enstatite
Eosphorite
Epidote
Euclase (pale blue, yellowish green)
Eudialite (transparent to opaque)
Weak to Moderate
Inert to Weak
Weak to Moderate
Inert to Weak
Inert
Weak, sometimes Moderate
Inert to Weak
Inert
22-82
< 0 -65
<20-117
< 0-56
< 0 (Diamagnetic)
<20-48 (sometimes 78-113)
< 0-17
< 0 (diamagnetic)
Iron-Titanium & Iron-Iron Charge Transfer
Iron-Titanium & Iron-Iron Charge Transfer
Iron, Chromium, Various Charge Transfers
Chromium, Iron-Titanium Charge Transfer
Insufficient Chromophores
Chromium, Vanadium, Iron
Chromium, Titanium
Titanium
Inert to Weak
Drags
Drags to Picks Up
Weak
Inert
Inert
Inert to Picks Up (metal inclsuions)
Inert
Weak
< 0-39
430-807
1237 SI
74 SI
< 0 (diamagnetic)
< 0 (diamagnetic)
< 0 to Ferromagnetc
< 0 (diamagnetic)
39-48
Various
Rare-earth Metals
Rare-earth Metals
Band Gap process
Rare Earth Elements
Color Centers (Nitrogen, Boron)
Color Centers (Nitrogen, Boron)
N/A
Manganese, Iron, Chromium
Picks Up
Weak to Strong
Weak
Strong
Weak
Inert
Inert
Weak
Weak
8,925- 9,960 Ferrimagnetic
56-296
< 20-39
122 SI
< 20
< 0 (diamagnetic)
< 0 (diamagnetic)
< 20
<20
Iron in NeedleInclusions of Magnetite
Chromium, Vanadium, Iron
Vanadium, Iron
Iron, Chromium
Iron
Manganese
Iron
Various
Unknown (contains Thorium)
Drags to Picks Up
Drags to Picks Up
Drags
Strong
Picks Up
Drags
Inert
Strong to Drags
> 1298
No Data
308-681
282 SI
2365 SI
491 SI
< 0 (diamagnetic)
345-469
Iron
Iron
Iron, Chromium
Vanadium, Chromium, Iron
Manganese, Iron
Iron
Iron to Iron Charge Transfer
Manganese, Iron
Weak
Weak
< 20
< 20
Iron, Copper
Copper, Iron
Feldspar Group
Andesine Feldspar
Untreated (yellow, reddish brown) Andesine
Diffused (red & green) Andesine
Bytownite Feldspar
Labradorite Feldspar
Oregon Sunstone (with copper schiller)
Oregon Sunstone (red, green)
Spectral Labradorite
Spectral Labradorite with magnetite inclusions
Yellow Labradorite
Microcline Feldspar
Amazonite
Oligoclase Feldspar
Sunstone (with Hematite, African & Indian)
Orthoclase Feldspar
Moonstone Orthoclase
Yellow (Noble) Orthoclase
Sanidine Feldspar
Fluorite (any color)
Gadolinite (opaque)
Weak
35 SI
Iron
Weak
Weak
Inert
Weak to Picks Up
Weak
< 29
< 29
< 0 (diamagnetic)
< 20-1779
< 26
Microscopic Copper Inclusions
Microscopic Copper Inclusions
Light Diffraction
Light Diffraction
Iron
Inert
< 0 (diamagnetic)
Color Centers involving Lead
Inert
< 0 (diamagnetic)
Iron (Hematite Inclusions))
Inert
Weak to Moderate
Moderate
Inert
Picks Up
< 0 (diamagnetic)
65-104
No Data
< 0 (diamagnetic)
8,780 SI
Light Scattering
Iron
Iron
Color Centers (mostly)
Iron, Beryllium, Rare-earth Metals
Picks Up
1926-3094
Iron
Picks Up
Picks Up
Picks Up
Picks Up
2253-2752
2559-2907
1866 SI
2930 SI
Iron, Chromium
Charge Transfer involving Iron
Charge Transfer involving Iron
Light Diffraction (Interference Colors)
Moderate to Strong
Weak to Strong
Drags
Weak to Strong
Strong
91-345
74-339
234-1099
20-309
147 SI
Charge Transfer involving Iron
Iron, Chromium, Manganese
Iron
Vanadium, Chromium, Iron
Manganese
Picks Up
Picks Up
Picks Up
Drags to Picks Up
Drags to Picks Up
Picks Up
1163-1971
1007-1890
1127-2689
454-999
618-1236
1445-2326
Iron, Chromium, Vanadium
Iron, Chromium, Vanadium
Manganese, Chromium, Vanadium, Iron
Chromium, Iron
Manganese, Chromium, Vanadium, Iron
Manganese, Iron, Chromium, Vanadium
Picks Up
Picks Up
Picks Up
Picks Up
4301-4728
2435-4179
2734-3089
998 SI
Manganese, some Iron
Manganese, Iron, Chromium, Vanadium
Manganese, Iron, Chromium, Vanadium
Chromium, Vanadium
Garnet Group
Almandine Garnet
Andradite Garnet
Demantoid Garnet
Brown Andradite & Topazolite
Melanite (black) Garnet
Irridescent Andradite
Grossular Garnet
Hessonite (pale to dark yellow/orange)
Hydrogrossular (green, pink)
Mali Garnet
Green Grossular (including Tsavorite & Merelani)
Rosolite (pink)
Pyrope Garnet
Standard Pyrope Garnet
Rhodolite Garnet
Malaya Garnet
Chrome Pyrope
Pastel Pyrope
Color-Change Pyrope
Spessartine Garnet
Spessartine Garnet
Color-Change Spessartine
Malaya Garnet
Uvarovite Garnet
Synthetic Garnet
GGG (Gadolinium Gallium Garnet) Any Color
SGG (Samarium Gadolinium Garnet) Yellow
YAG (Yttrium Aluminum Garnet) Yellow
YAG (Yttrium Aluminum Garnet) Green
YAG (Yttrium Aluminum Garnet) Pink
YAG (Yttrium Aluminum Garnet) Violet
Gaspeite
Glass (man-made)
Most Glass Colors
Blue Glass
Goldstone Glass (various colors)
Glass/Garnet Doublet
Gold (pure 24k)
Hauyne
Hematite (natural black and Specular)
Hematine (imitation Hematite)
Hemimorphite (blue)
Herderite (transparent light orange)
Howlite (white or dyed)
Idocrase (green)
Iolite
Iron (native element)
Ivory
Jadeite Jade
Green Jadeite
Orange Jadeite
Red Jadeite
Purple Jadeite
White/Yellow Jadeite
Black Jadeite
Jeremejevite
Jet
Johachidolite
Kornerupine (green)
Kunzite (see Spodumene)
Kyanite
Blue Kyanite
Blue-green Chrome Kyanite
Green Kyanite
Orange Kyanite
Labradorite (see Feldspar)
Lapis Lazuli
Lazulite (transparent blue)
Picks Up
Strong
Inert to Weak
Inert to Strong
Strong to Drags (rarely Picks Up)
Weak
Strong
6219-7404
291 SI
< 0-35
< 0-352
356-391 (rare 5433)
30 SI
859 SI
Gadolinium (colorless) and Various dopants
Samarium (a Rare-earth metal)
Various Dopants
Chromium
Manganese
Neodymium
Nickel, Iron
Inert
Inert to Weak
Moderate to Strong
Inert Glass side/ Strong Garnet side
Inert
Weak
Drags to Picks Up
Picks Up
Inert
Inert
Inert
Strong
Moderate-Strong
Picks Up
Inert
< 0 (diamagnetic)
< 0-61
135-221
794-942
< 0 (diamagnetic)
No Data
2604-6853
> 86,000 Ferromagnetic
< 0 (diamagnetic)
<0 (diamagnetic)
< 0 (diamagnetic)
217-233
105-200
Ferromagnetic
< 0 (diamagnetic)
Various
Cobalt
Copper particles, Cobalt, Manganese, Chromium
Iron
Gold
Color Centers
Iron
Iron
Copper
No Data
None or Man-made Dyes
Iron
Iron, Iron-Iron Charge Transfer
Iron
Organic
Weak to Moderate
Weak
Weak to Moderate
Weak to Moderate
Inert to Weak
Picks Up
Inert
Inert
Inert
Moderate to Strong
65-104
< 20
40-122
22-130
< 0-48
2070 SI
<0 (diamagnetic)
< 0 (diamagnetic)
<0 (diamagnetic)
100-282
Chromium, Iron
Iron
Iron
Iron -Iron Charge Transfer, Iron
Iron
Iron
Charge Transfer involving Iron
Organic Carbon
Not Known
Vanadium, Iron
Inert, rarely Weak
Inert to Weak
Weak
Moderate
< 0 - < 20
<0 -30
61 SI
95 SI
Iron- Titanium Charge Transfer
Chromium, Iron- Titanium Charge Transfer
Iron, Vanadium
Iron and/or Manganese
Inert
Weak to Strong
< 0 (diamagnetic)
No Data
Charge Transfer involving Sulfur
Iron-Iron Charge Transfer
Libyan Desert Glass (natural glass)
Magnesite (transparent gray)
Magnetite
Malachite
Maw Sit Sit
Moldavite (natural glass)
Morganite (see Beryl)
Muscovite/Mica
Lepidolite (lavender)
Fuchsite
Nephrite Jade (see Actinolite)
Niccolite
Nuummite (Anthophyllite & Gedrite)
Obsidian
Mahogany Obisidan
Opaque Obisidan
Translucent Obisidan
Transparent Obisidan (black)
Transparent Obisidan (near-colorless)
Onyx (see Quartz)
Opal
Prescious Opal (with play of color)
Common Opal (blue, pink, white)
Blue Jelly Opal (no play of color)
Blue Opal (Chrysocolla in Opal)
Fire Opal from Mexico (Yellow, Orange, Red)
Fire Opal from Brazil, Oregon (Yellow, Orange)
Prase Opal (green)
Greenish Yellow "Kiwi" Opal (Madagascar)
Boulder & Matrix Opal
Parisite
Pearl
Pectolite (blue Larimar)
Peridot
Green Peridot with saturated color
Near-colorless Peridot (Forsterite)
Pezzottaite (Beryl Group)
Plastic
Platinum
Prehnite (green)
Psilomelane
Purpurite (translucent to opaque)
Pyrite
Inert
Drags
Picks Up
Drags
Moderate to Strong
Weak
< 0 (diamagnetic)
985 SI
Ferrimagnetic
477 SI
139-230
69 SI
Iron
Iron
Iron
Copper
Chromium, Iron
Iron
Inert
Weak
< 0 (diamagnetic)
< 20-69
Lithium
Chromium, Iron
Moderate
Drags
No Data
1094 SI
Nickel, Arsenic
Light Diffraction in black matrix, Iron
Picks Up
Drags
Strong
Weak to Moderate
Weak
1953 SI
304 -750
247 SI
74 -95
22 SI
Iron
Iron
Iron
Iron
Iron
Inert
Inert
Inert
Inert
Inert
Weak
Weak
Weak
Strong to Drags
Drags
Inert
Inert
< 0 (diamagnetic)
< 0 (diamagnetic)
< 0 (diamagnetic)
<0 (diamagnetic)
<0 (diamagnetic)
<20- 39
< 20
< 0- 26
No Data
345 SI
< 0 (diamagnetic)
< 0 (diamagnetic)
Light Diffraction
Copper, Diamagnetic Impurities
Light Scattering
Copper in Microscopic Gem Silica inclusions
Iron in Microscopic Iron Oxide Inclusions
Iron in Microscopic Iron Oxide Inclusions
Nickel in Microscopic Chrysoprase Inclusions
probably Iron, possibly Manganese
Light Diffraction, Iron in the Host Matrix
Cerium (a Rare-earth metal)
Organic
Copper
Drags
Weak
Weak
Inert
Strong
Weak to Moderate
Strong to Drags
Drags to Picks Up
Weak
417-590
52 SI
< 20
< 0 (diamagnetic)
No data
26-122
343-1007
? - 1502
43 SI
Iron
Iron
Manganese
Various
Platinum
Iron
Manganese
Manganese, Iron
Iron-Sulphur properties
Pyromorphite (opaque)
Pyroxymangite (transluc. dimorph of Rhodonite)
Pyrrhotite
Quartz (macro-crystalline)
Amethyst
Citrine
Madeira Citrine and rare yellow "Iron" Citrine
Rock Crystal (colorless Quartz)
Rose Quartz
Smoky Quartz
Quartz with Inclusions
Rutile, Hematite & Most Other Inclusions
Tourmalinated Quartz
Green Quartz (Hedenbergite Inclusions)
Paraiba Quartz (Blue Paraiba Tourmaline Inclus.)
Sunset Quartz
Tiger's Eye
Hawk's Eye
Pietersite
Chalcedony Quartz (microcrystalline)
Most Agates & Jaspers
Red Jasper
Mahogany Jasper
Bloodstone
Carnelian
Chrysoprase (pale green to medium green)
Gem Silica (Chrysocolla in Chalcedony)
Blue Chalcedony/Purple Chalcedony
Fire Agate
Chrome Chalcedony (Mtorolite)
Myrickite (Agatized Cinnabar)
Onyx
Quartzite
Aventurine Quartz
Rhodochrosite (opaque to transparent)
Rhodonite (opaque to transparent)
Richterite (blue opaque)
Ruby (see Corundum)
Rutile
Opaque Metallic Gray
Transparent Red
Synthetic Rutile (transparent colorless)
Sapphire (see Corundum)
Inert
Picks Up
Picks Up
< 0 (diamagnetic)
No Data
Ferromagnetic
Copper, Iron
Manganese
Iron
Inert
Inert
Weak
Inert
Inert
Inert
< 0 (diamagnetic)
< 0 (diamagnetic)
< 20- 26
< 0 (diamagnetic)
< 0 (diamagnetic)
< 0 (diamagnetic)
Charge Transfer involving Iron
Color Centers, Oxygen-Iron Charge Transfer
Iron
None
Microscopic Inclusions, Color Centers, Charge Tran.
Color Centers
Inert
Weak
Weak
Weak
Inert
Inert to Picks Up
Weak
Inert to Strong
< 0 (diamagnetic)
43-56
56 SI
56 SI
< 0 SI
< 0-3889 (varies with iron)
< 20
< 0-305 (varies with iron)
Varies with type of Inclusions
Iron in Tourmaline Macro Inclusions
Iron in Microscopic Hedenbergite Inclusions
Copper, Manganese In Micr. Incl. of Paraiba Tourm.
Iron in Needle Inclusions- possibly Limonite
Iron oxide, Crocidolite Macro Inclusions
Iron oxide, Crocidolite Macro Inclusions
Iron Oxide, Crocidolite Macro Inclusions
Inert
Weak to Picks Up
Strong
Weak to Strong
Inert
Inert to Strong
Inert to Moderate
Inert
Picks Up
Inert to Weak
Strong
Inert
< 0 (diamagnetic)
69-8836
217 SI
26-521
< 0 (diamagnetic)
<0-224
<0-82
< 0 (diamagnetic)
< 20 SI
Varies within the stone
< 0 (diamagnetic)
Iron in Microscopic Iron Oxide Inclusions
Iron in Microscopic Iron Oxide Inclusions
Iron in Microscopic Iron Oxide Inclusions
Iron in Microscopic Iron Oxide Inclusions
Iron in Microscopic Iron Oxide Inclusions
Nickel in Microscopic Willemseite Inclusions
Copper in Microscopic Chrysocolla Inclusions
Light Scattering
Iron, light scattering
Chromium in Microscopic Chrom. Oxide Inclusions
Mercury, Inclusions with Iron and/or Manganese
Iron in Microscopic Iron Oxide Inclusions
Inert to Weak
Picks Up
Picks Up
Moderate
< 0-27
3515-5269 SI
3610-4288
113 SI
Chromium, Iron
Manganese
Manganese, Iron
Iron, Titanium
Strong
Strong
Inert to Very Weak
122 SI
327 SI
< 0 (diamagnetic)
Iron, Titanium
Iron, Titanium
Rare-earth Metals
3975 SI
Sapphirine
Scapolite (yellow, purple)
Selenite (colorless)
Scheelite (transparent yellow)
Seraphinite (Clinochlore)
Serpentine
Opaque Green Bowneite
Translucent Green Bowenite
Translucent Green Williamiste (w/Chromite)
Shattuckite
Shell
Siderite (transparent)
Sillimanite
Green/ Yellow Sillimanite
Fibrolite (gray Sillimanite)
Silver (native element)
Sinhalite
Yellow/Brown
Brown
Smithsonite
Pink Smithsonite
Blue Smithsonite
Green Smithsonite
Yellow Smithsonite
Sodalite
Sodalite (translucent to opaque)
Hackmanite (transparent)
Sphalerite (orange, yellow)
Sphene (Titanite)
Yellow/Brown Sphene
Green Sphene
Spinel
Cobalt
Pale Spinel colors
Pink, Purple, Red, Blue, transparent Black Spinel
Gahnite (transparent dark green zinc Spinel)
Hercynite opaque Black Spinel
Synthetic Spinel
Synthetic Spinel (blue, pink, most colors)
Synthetic Red Spinel
Synthetic Green Spinel (blue-green, neon green)
Spodumene
Kunzite (pink, purple, some fading)
Weak to Moderate
Inert
Inert
Inert
Moderate
73-95 SI
< 0 (diamagnetic)
< 0 (diamagnetic)
< 0 (diamagnetic)
126 SI
Iron, Charge Transfer involving Iron
Color Centers
N/A
Iron
Iron
Drags to Picks Up
Weak
Weak (strong with chromite inclus.)
Strong
Inert
Picks Up
363-1519
43 SI
< 20
256-286
< 0 (diamagnetic)
4,924 SI
Iron, Chromium, Nickel
Iron, Chromium, Nickel
Nickel, Iron, Chromium
Copper
Organic
Iron
Weak
Weak
Inert
35-52 SI
< 20
< 0 (diamagnetic)
Iron, Chromium
Charge Transfer?
Silver
Weak to Strong
Strong
78 SI
148-152 SI
Iron, Charge Transfer involving Iron
Iron
Inert
Weak
Moderate to Strong
Weak
< 0 (diamagnetic)
< 20
No Data
43 SI
Cobalt, Manganese
Copper
Copper
Cadmium, Iron
Inert to Weak
Inert
Inert
< 0-48
< 0 (diamagnetic)
< 0 (diamagnetic)
Color Centers
Color Centers
Iron-Sulfur Charge Transfer
Weak to Strong
Weak
30-78
35-52
Rare-earth Elements, Iron
Chromium, Rare-earth Metals, Iron
Weak to Strong
Inert to Weak
Weak to Moderate (Drag is rare)
Strong
Drags to Picks Up
48-182 SI
< 0-48
48-139 (343 rare)
218 SI
1263-1328
Cobalt
Cobalt, Iron, Chromium
Cobalt, Iron, Chromium
Iron
Iron
Inert (blue is weak in rare cases)
Weak
Inert to Moderate
< 0 (diamagnetic)
< 20
< 0-122
Cobalt, Chromium, Magnanese
Chromium, Cobalt
Manganese, Chromium
Inert
< 0 (diamagnetic)
Manganese
Pale Yellow/Green Spodumene (fades in light)
Hiddenite (pale green, permanent color)
Staurolite
Transparent Staurolite
Opaque Staurolite
Strontium Titanite (colorless)
Sugilite
Opaque Massive Sugilite
Translucent Sugilite
Taaffeite (transparent purple)
Tantalite
Titanium (native element)
Topaz
Blue, Pink, Sherry, Brown, Green Topaz
Imperial Topaz
Tortoise Shell
Inert to Weak
Weak
< 0 -56
65 SI
Manganese, Iron-Iron Charge Transfer
Chromium, Iron
Picks Up
Drags
Inert
927-1054
890 SI
< 0 (diamagnetic)
Iron
Iron
None
Drags to Picks Up
Strong
Strong
Picks Up
Weak
556-950
170 SI
135 SI
No Data
No Data
Manganese, Iron
Manganese, Iron
Iron, Chromium
Manganese
Titanium
Inert
Inert
Inert
< 0 (diamagnetic)
< 0 (diamagnetic)
< 0 (diamagnetic)
Color Centers, Chromium
Color Centers, Chromium
Organic
Inert
Inert
Inert
Inert
< 0 (diamagnetic)
< 0 (diamagnetic)
< 0 (diamagnetic)
< 0 (diamagnetic)
Iron-Titanium Charge Trasnfer
Iron-Titanium Charge Trasnfer, Manganese
Vanadium, Chromium
Vanadium, Chromium
Inert
Strong to Drags
Weak to Moderate
Weak to Drags
Inert-Strong
Weak-Drag
Drags
Strong
Moderate-Strong
Inert to Moderte
Inert to Moderate
Weak to Drags
Drags
< 0 (diamagnetic)
148-418
43- 260 SI
<20-443
<0-286
17-386
304-447
55-254
87 -213 SI
< 0-78
< 0-156
<20- 547 SI
469-529
N/A
Iron, Iron-Titanium Charge Transfer
Iron, Iron-Titanium Charge Transfer
Manganese-Titanium Charge Transfer, Mn., Iron
Copper, Manganese
Copper, Manganese
Iron, iron-iron charge transfer
Iron
Manganese
Manganese, Color Centers
Manganese, Iron
Manganese, Iron
Iron, Mang., Titanium, Iron-Iron Charge Transfer
Weak
<20
Manganese
Drags
773-990 SI
Iron, Mang., Titanium, Iron-Iron Charge Transfer
Strong
Inert
218-243 SI
<0 (diamagnetic)
Iron
Chromium, Vanadium
Tourmaline Group
Dravite
Brown, Pinkish Brown, Orangey Brown, Yellow
Yellow
Dark Green Chrome Dravite
Pale Green Vanadian Dravite
Elbaite/Liddicoatite
Colorless "Achroite"
Verdelite: Green, Grayish Green (Medium to Dark)
Green: Pale
Yellow, Greenish Yellow, Brownish Yellow
Paraiba: Blue
Paraiba: Green
Indicolite: Blue/Greenish Blue (Medium to Dark)
Blue: Pale
Purple: Pale Lilac
Rubellite (Red)
Pink, Purplish Pink
Reddish Brown, Pinkish Brown, Pinkish Orange
Gray (transparent), Purplish Gray Bluish Gray
Rossmanite
Pinkish purple (translucent)
Schorl
Black (opaque)
Uvite
Brownish Red
Yellowish Green
Tanzanite (see Zoisite)
Triphylite (transparent)
Triplite (transparent orange)
Tugtupite
Turquoise
Blue
Green
Variscite
Viridine (see Andalusite)
Vivianite
Wulfenite (orange)
Xenotime
YAG (see Garnet)
Zincite (red, yellow)
Zircon (any color)
Zoisite
Tanzanite (blue, green, brown)
Tanzanite (pink)
Thulite (opaque pink)
Picks Up
Picks Up
Inert
3289 SI
4,706-4,982 SI
< 0 (diamagnetic)
Iron, Manganese
Manganese
Color Centers
Weak to Moderate
Weak to Strong
Inert to Moderate
26-135
35-278
< 0-117
Copper
Copper, Iron
Chromium, Iron
Picks Up
Inert
Picks Up
1766 SI
< 0 (diamagnetic)
No Data
Iron
Charge Transfer involving Chromium & Oxygen
Rare-earth Metals
Inert
Inert (rarely weak)
< 0 (diamagnetic)
< 0 (diamagnetic)
Manganese, Iron
Color Centers, Uranium (blue)
Inert
No Data
Picks Up
< 0 (diamagnetic)
No Data
3454 SI
Vanadium, Chromium (green)
Manganese
Manganese