CHIP CARD READING ARRANGEMENT The present disclosure

1
CHIP CARD READING ARRANGEMENT
Chipkarte
The present disclosure relates to chip card reading arrangements.
Chipkarte
Chip cards come in various formats such as ID-1 and ID-2 but may also include much
RFID [10]
smaller transponders such as RFID (radio-frequency identification) transponders.
Chipkarte
Accordingly, there are large variations in the size of the antennas between different chip
Lesevorrichtung
cards and a reading device suited for a certain antenna size may have a poor
communication performance for another, e.g. much smaller, antenna size. Therefore, it
may be desirable to adapt a reader designed for a certain antenna size to a different, e.g.
much smaller, antenna size.
4
(P1)
p.1
Chipkarte
Chipkarten-Lesevorrichtung
A chip card reading arrangement is provided including a chip card reading device
Leserantenne
including a data processing circuit and a reader antenna coupled to the data processing
Chipkarten-Lesevorrichtung
Chipkarte
circuit arranged at a surface of the chip card reading device for placing a chip card to
Chipkarten-Lesevorrichtung
Leserantenne
communicate with the chip card reading device via the reader antenna, wherein the data
Leserantenne
processing circuit is configured to process at least one of signals received via the reader
Leserantenne
(P2)
p.1
5
Chipkarte
antenna and signals to be transmitted via the reader antenna. The chip card reading
arrangement further includes an antenna structure including an antenna body, a first
antenna and a second antenna coupled to the first antenna and surrounded by the first
Chipkarten -Lesevorrichtung
antenna. The antenna structure is arranged on and fixed to the surface of the chip card
-Lesevorrichtung
Leserantenne
reading device such that the reader antenna surrounds the second antenna.
1
2
In the drawings, like reference characters generally refer to the same parts throughout the
different views. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead generally
being placed upon illustrating the principles of the invention. In the following
description, various aspects are described with reference to the following drawings, in
which:
Kommunikationsanordnung
Leservorrichtung
Figure 1 shows a communication arrangement including a reader device (or
Chipkarte
reader) and a chip card.
Figure 2 illustrates the magnetic field distribution of a cross section of an antenna
of a reader as illustrated in figure 1.
10
(P3)
p.2
(P4)
p.2
11
12
(P5)
p.2
Chipkarte
Figure 3 shows a chip card reading arrangement according to an embodiment.
Kommunikationsanordnung
Figure 4 shows a communication arrangement according to an embodiment.
Chipkartenleser
Figure 5 shows a chip card reader arrangement.
Figure 6 illustrates the magnetic field distribution of a cross section of an
PCD-Aufrüstung
PCD-Antenne
arrangement of a PCD upgrade placed on a PCD antenna.
14
(P6)
p.2
Figure 7 illustrates the magnetic field distribution of a cross section of an
PCD-Aufrüstung
PCD-Antenne
arrangement of a PCD upgrade placed on a PCD antenna which is tuned
such that the magnetic power is distributed over various locations.
15
(P4)
p.2
(P7)
p.2
(P4)
p.2
16
17
Kommunikationsanordnung
Figure 8 shows a communication arrangement according to an embodiment.
Kommunikationsanordnung
Figure 9 shows a different view of the communication arrangement of figure 8.
10
Kommunikationsanordnung
Figure 10 shows a communication arrangement according to a further
embodiment.
11
Kommunikationsanordnung
Figure 11 shows a different view of the communication arrangement of figure 10.
2
3
12
Kommunikationsanordnung
Figure 12 shows a communication arrangement according to a further
embodiment.
19
(P7)
p.2
13
Kommunikationsanordnung
Figure 13 shows a different view of the communication arrangement of figure 12.
14
Kommunikationsanordnung
PCD-Aufrüstung
Figure 14 shows an example of a communication arrangement in which the PCD
upgrade has a plurality of inner antennas
The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings that show, by
way of illustration, specific details and aspects of this disclosure in which the invention
may be practiced. Other aspects may be utilized and structural, logical, and electrical
changes may be made without departing from the scope of the invention. The various
aspects of this disclosure are not necessarily mutually exclusive, as some aspects of this
disclosure can be combined with one or more other aspects of this disclosure to form new
aspects.
Kommunikationsanordnung 100
100 [2]
Leservorrichtung 102
102 [3]
Figure 1 shows a communication arrangement 100 including a reader device 102 (or
Chipkarte 101101 [3]
103 [5]
reader) and a chip card 101. The reader includes an antenna 103 which is for example
Chipkarte 101101[2]
arranged in a housing onto which the chip card 101 is placed, i.e. around the detection
Leserantenne 103
103[2]
area. The reader antenna 103 may be round (as shown) or rectangular and may for
5cm
15cm
example have a diameter (or width) of 5cm to 15cm.
Chipkarte 101101[3]
Chipkarte
104 [1]
105 [1]
The chip card 101 includes a chip card module 104 and an antenna 105 to communicate
Leservorrichtung 102
102[2]
Leserantenne 103
103[3]
with the reader device 102 via the reader antenna 103.
3
4
103[4]
Leservorrichtung 102
102[3]
PCD-Antenne
The antenna 103 of the reader device 102 is for example a large sized PCD antenna that
is suited to the particular application. Transport readers for instance, are designed to
ID1 [5]
ID2 [2]
operate with ID1 and ID2 cards and provide good communication performance with
ID2[2]
cards of these dimensions. The dimensions of these ID 1, ID2 etc. cards are several cm
7810 [1]
and can be found in the ISO/IEC 7810. However, such a reader is not designed to operate
RFID[2]
in combination with small RFID (radio-frequency identification) transponders. Therefore
the performance of the communication with small scaled transponders is poor. In some
cases, a well performing reader is able to communicate with a small transponder but only
PCD [3]
at corner positions of the reader PCD. Thus it may not be possible to ensure a successful
Leserantenne 103
103[5]
communication at the overall antenna area of the reader antenna 103. In other words, due
Kopplungsfaktor
PCD[2]
to the limited coupling factor between the antenna of the reader (also referred to as PCD
Chipkarte
PICC [1]
for proximity coupling device) and the antenna of the chip card (also referred to as PICC
Leservorrichtung
for proximity integrated circuit card) the reader devices may be blind at its center position
Chipkarte
and not able to communicate with a small transponder, i.e. with a chip card with small
antenna, e.g. of an RFID transponder.
MHz [1]
For example, active modulation at 13.56 MHz enables the possibility to combine the
RFID[3]
RFID technology into small scaled devices, such as a µSD cards, but it may then not be
PCD-Antenne
possible to communicate with readers with large PCD antennas (e.g. larger than 10x10
cm) in centered position.
4
5
Figure 2 illustrates the magnetic field distribution of a cross section of an antenna of a
reader as illustrated in figure 1.
201 [2]
Magnetfeldstärke
First areas 201 (also referred to as hot-spots) with high magnetic field strength are formed
202 [2]
around the wires forming the antenna. Second areas 202 around the antenna wires with
Magnetfeldstärke
201[2]
lower magnetic field strength than the first areas 201 may for example still provide
Magnetfeldstärke
sufficient magnetic field strength to ensure a radio communication. However, a third area
203 [1]
Magnetfeldstärke
202[2]
204 [1]
203 with lower magnetic field strength than the second area 202 and a fourth area 204
Magnetfeldstärke
Magnetfeldstärke
with even lower magnetic field strength may for example not provide sufficient magnetic
Chipkarte
field strength for a radio communication such that for example a chip card with a small
205 [1]
antenna arranged at a center axis 205 may not successfully communicate with the reader.
Lesevorrichtung
This issue may for example be addressed by a reading device as illustrated in figure 3.
35
(P3)
p.2
Chipkarte
300 [2]
Figure 3 shows a chip card reading arrangement 300 according to an embodiment.
Chipkarte
300[2]
Chipkarten-Lesevorrichtung 301 301 [4]
The chip card reading arrangement 300 includes a chip card reading device 301 and an
302 [2]
antenna structure 302.
Chipkarten-Lesevorrichtung 301 301[2]
circuit303 [1]
Leserantenne 304
The chip card reading device 301 includes a data processing circuit303 and a reader
304 [5]
305 [2]
Chipkarten -Lesevorrichtung
antenna 304 coupled to the data processing circuit arranged at a surface 305 of the chip
-Lesevorrichtung
Chipkarte
Chipkarten-Lesevorrichtung 301
card reading device for placing a chip card to communicate with the chip card reading
301[3]
Leserantenne 304
304[2]
303 [1]
device 301 via the reader antenna 304, wherein the data processing circuit 303 is
5
6
Leserantenne 304
304[3]
configured to process at least one of signals received via the reader antenna 304 and
Leserantenne 304
304[4]
signals to be transmitted via the reader antenna 304.
body306
[1]
::
^
307 [3]
The antenna structure includes an antenna body306, a first antenna 307 and a second
308 [2]
307[2]
307[3]
antenna 308 coupled to the first antenna 307 and surrounded by the first antenna 307.
302[2]
39
(P8)
p.6
305[2]
Chipkarten -Lesevorrichtung 301
The antenna structure 302 is arranged on and fixed to the surface 305 of the chip card
-Lesevorrichtung
301[4]
Leserantenne 304
304[5]
308[2]
reading device 301 such that the reader antenna 304 surrounds the second antenna 308.
Chipkartenleser
In other words, a chip card reader is provided with an antenna structure (also referred to
as antenna upgrade in the following) which includes at least one inner antenna that lies
within the area surrounded by an outer antenna of the antenna structure as well as the area
Leserantenne
surrounded by the reader antenna. Illustratively, the inner antenna may act as a
Leserantenne
concentrator the magnetic field emitted by the reader antenna to a smaller area. The
antenna structure can be seen as booster antenna structure which is arranged on reader
Chipkarte
instead of within a chip card.
Leserantenne
It should be noted that the reader antenna and the second antenna may lie in different
Leserantenne
planes when the antenna structure is placed above the surface at which the reader antenna
is located. Also the first antenna and the second antenna do not necessarily lie within the
same plane (but may for example be part of different layers of the body of the antenna
Leserantenne
structure). Accordingly, the reader antenna or first antenna, respectively, surrounding the
Leserantenne
second antenna may be understood as the reader antenna/first antenna surrounding the
6
7
second antenna when shifted to the same plane (e.g. perpendicular to the surface of the
Chipkarten-Lesevorrichtung
Leserantenne
chip card reading device and/or the axis of the reader antenna or the second antenna,
Leserantenne
wherein the shifting distance is small with respect to the diameter of the reader antenna or
Leserantenne
the first antenna, respectively, e.g. less than 5% or 10% than the diameter). The reader
antenna surrounding the second antenna may also be understood as the second antenna
Chipkarten-Lesevorrichtung
lying in a detection area of the chip card reading device defined by the reading antenna.
For example, an antenna structure is provided which can be applied directly onto the
RFID[4]
detection area of a standard RFID reader. It includes a large pickup coil (i.e. an outer
Leserantenne
antenna with a similar dimension as reader antenna) and one (or more) smaller coupling
structures (i.e. inner antennas). Due to the antenna form, the magnetic field is focused to
a hotspot (small coupling structure) that is for example arranged in the center of the
Leserantenne
detection area surrounded by the reader antenna.
It should be noted that the second antenna does not necessarily have to be surrounded by
Leserantenne
the first antenna and the reader antenna but is for example surrounded by only one or
none of them. The second antenna is for example placed near the first antenna and/or the
Leserantenne
reader antenna and may but may or may not be surrounded by them. In this case, there
may for example be a marking on the surface of antenna body of the antenna structure
indicating a position near the second antenna to be a position where a small transponder,
RFID[5]
e.g. of the RFID form factor, should be placed. For example, an area of a surface of the
antenna body below which the second antenna is arranged may be marked in this way.
7
8
Chipkarte
Accordingly, according to one embodiment, a chip card reading arrangement is provided
Chipkarten-Lesevorrichtung
Leserantenne
including a chip card reading device including a data processing circuit and a reader
Chipkarten -Lesevorrichtung
antenna coupled to the data processing circuit arranged at a surface of the chip card
-Lesevorrichtung
Chipkarte
Chipkarten-Lesevorrichtung
reading device for placing a chip card to communicate with the chip card reading device
Leserantenne
via the reader antenna, wherein the data processing circuit is configured to process at
Leserantenne
least one of signals received via the reader antenna and signals to be transmitted via the
Leserantenne
reader antenna and an antenna structure including an antenna body, a first antenna and a
second antenna coupled to the first antenna and smaller than the first antenna and the
Leserantenne
reader antenna.
Chipkarten-Lesevorrichtung
According to one embodiment, the chip card reading device further includes a housing
Chipkarten-Lesevorrichtung
wherein the surface of the chip card reading device is a surface of the housing.
According to one embodiment, the antenna body includes a substrate, e.g. a printed
circuit board.
According to one embodiment, the antenna body includes a housing of the antenna
structure.
(P1)
p.1
^
::
The housing (of the antenna structure) is for example, arranged on and fixed to the
Chipkarten-Lesevorrichtung
surface of the chip card reading device.
8
9
Chipkarten -Lesevorrichtung
According to one embodiment, the antenna structure is fixed to the surface of the chip
-Lesevorrichtung
card reading device by fastening means, e.g. including at least one of one or more screws
or one or more nut and bolt arrangements.
Chipkarten -Lesevorrichtung
According to one embodiment, the antenna structure is fixed to the surface of the chip
-Lesevorrichtung
card reading device by an adhesive.
According to one embodiment, the first antenna includes one or more first windings and
the second antenna includes one or more second windings lying within the one or more
first windings.
60
(P9)
p.9
Leserantenne
Leserantenne
According to one embodiment, the reader antenna includes one or more reader antenna
windings and the second antenna includes one or more second windings and the antenna
Chipkarten-Lesevorrichtung
structure is arranged on and fixed to the surface of the chip card reading device such that
Leserantenne
the one or more second windings lie within the one or more reader antenna windings.
According to one embodiment, the antenna structure includes a plurality of second
antennas coupled to the first antenna and surrounded by the first antenna and the antenna
Chipkarten-Lesevorrichtung
structure is arranged on and fixed to the surface of the chip card reading device such that
Leserantenne
the reader antenna surrounds the second antennas.
The antenna structure is for example configured to concentrate magnetic power emitted
Leserantenne
by the reader antenna.
9
10
For example, the antenna structure is configured to concentrate magnetic power emitted
Leserantenne
by the reader antenna to a central area of the antenna structure (e.g. corresponding to the
second antenna).
According to one embodiment, the antenna structure is configured such that the first
Leserantenne
antenna receives power from the reader antenna and provides the received power to the
second antenna and the second antenna emits the received power in form of magnetic
power.
According to one embodiment, the antenna structure is arranged on and fixed to the
Chipkarten-Lesevorrichtung
Leserantenne
surface of the chip card reading device such that the first antenna lies above the reader
antenna.
Leserantenne
The first antenna and the reader antenna may have substantially the same size.
61
(P10)
p.9
According to one embodiment, the first antenna is for example larger than the second
antenna.
Chipkarte
According to one embodiment, the antenna structure includes a surface for placing a chip
Chipkarten-Lesevorrichtung
Chipkarten -Lesevorrichtung
card to communicate with the chip card reading device to communicate with the chip
-Lesevorrichtung
Leserantenne
card reading device via the first antenna, the second antenna and the reader antenna.
10
11
68
(P11)
p.11
According to one embodiment, the first antenna is configured to forward signals to be
Chipkarten-Lesevorrichtung
Chipkarte
transmitted by the chip card reading device (e.g. to a chip card) to the second antenna and
Chipkarten-Lesevorrichtung
is configured to forward signals to be received by the chip card reading device (e.g. from
Chipkarte
Leserantenne
a chip card) to the reader antenna.
In the following, embodiments are described in more detail.
70
S15
p.2
Kommunikationsanordnung 400
400 [5]
Figure 4 shows a communication arrangement 400 according to an embodiment.
Kommunikationsanordnung 100
100[2]
Kommunikationsanordnung 400
Similarly to the communication arrangement 100 of figure 1, the communication
400[2]
Leservorrichtung 402
402 [6]
Chipkarte 401
401 [3]
arrangement 400 includes a reader device 402 (or reader) and a chip card 401 wherein the
Leservorrichtung 402
402[2]
PCD-Antenne
403 [9]
reader device 402 includes an antenna 403 (also referred to as PCD antenna). The
403[2]
404 [1]
Anpassungsnetz 405
antenna 403 is galvanically coupled to a reader IC (integrated circuit) 404 via a matching
405 [1]
406 [1]
network 405 and a filter 406.
Chipkarte 401401[2]
RFID[6]
In this example, the chip card 401 is a small RFID device which may for example not be
PCD-Antenne 403403[3]
Lesevorrichtung 403403[4]
able to communicate via the PCD antenna 403 with the reading device 403 if it is placed
PCD-Aufrüstung 407
407 [6]
PCD-Antenne 403403[5]
near a center of the PCD antenna 403. However, a PCD upgrade 407 is arranged over the
PCD-Antenne
402[3]
403
PCD antenna 403, e.g. over a detection area or detection surface of the reader 402 defined
PCD-Antenne
PCD-Aufrüstung 407
407[2]
by the PCD antenna. The PCD upgrade 407, also generally referred to as antenna
PCD-Antenne 403403[6]
structure, has a high (magnetic) coupling coefficient with the PCD antenna 403 and is
PCD-Antenne 403403[7]
formed such that it concentrates the magnetic field of the PCD antenna 403 to a smaller
11
12
Chipkarte 401401[3]
area than the detection area such that the communication between the chip card 401 and
402[4]
PCD-Aufrüstung
PCD-Antenne 403403[8]
the reader 402 via the PCD upgrade 407and the PCD antenna 403 is possible.
PCD-Aufrüstung 407
407[3]
PCD-Aufrüstung 407
407[4]
402[5]
The PCD upgrade 407 is fixed to the reader 402. For example, the PCD upgrade 407
includes a carrier (e.g. a printed circuit board) and/or a housing which is fixed to a
402
surface, e.g. of a housing, of the reader 402, e.g. fixed by an adhesive or fixed with
402[6]
mechanical fastening means such as screws etc., to adapt the reader 402 to the usage with
PCD-Antenne 403403[9]
smaller-sized antennas than its PCD antenna 403.
PCD-Aufrüstung 407
407[5]
The PCD upgrade 407 for example has the form as illustrated in Figure 5.
79
(P5)
p.2
Chipkartenleser
500 [2]
Figure 5 shows a chip card reader arrangement 500.
Chipkartenleser
500[2]
501 [1]
PCD-Antenne 502
The chip card reader arrangement 500 includes a reader 501 including a PCD antenna
502 [3]
503 [3]
PCD-Antenne 502502[2] PCD-Aufrüstung 503
PCD-Aufrüstung 503
503[2]
502. Over the PCD antenna 502, a PCD upgrade 503 is arranged. The PCD upgrade 503
504 [7]
includes an outer (larger) antenna 504 (also referred to as pickup coil) and a smaller
505 [3]
(inner) antenna 505 (also referred to as coupling structure) which are galvanically
506 [1]
504[2]505[2]
coupled to each other by wires 506. In this example, each of the antennas 504, 505 is
507 [2]508 [1]
formed by one winding with a respective capacitor 507, 508 coupled in between each
505[3]
winding but each antenna can include a plurality of windings. The inner antenna 505 can
Chipkarte
be seen to form a coupling structure for magnetically coupling with a chip card having a
PCD-Antenne 502)502) [1]
small antenna (i.e. of a dimension significantly smaller than the PCD antenna 502).
12
13
PCD-Aufrüstung 503
503[3]
The antenna structure, i.e. the PCD upgrade 503, can be tuned in a way that focuses the
total power into the coupling structure. Therefore a communication with a small scaled
PCD-Aufrüstung 504
transponder is feasible, in this case however only at the center position of the PCD
504[3]
upgrade 504.
Figure 6 illustrates the magnetic field distribution of a cross section of an arrangement of
PCD-Aufrüstung 601
601 [3]
PCD-Antenne
602
PCD-Aufrüstung 504
a PCD upgrade 601 placed on a PCD antenna 602, e.g. corresponding to the PCD
504[4]
PCD-Antenne 502502[3]
upgrade 504 and the PCD antenna 502, wherein in this example, the outer antenna and
PCD-Aufrüstung 601
601[2]
the inner antenna of the PCD upgrade 601 each have a plurality of windings.
PCD-Aufrüstung 601
601[3]
As can be seen, the PCD upgrade 601 forces the total power into the coupling structure,
603 [1]604 [1]605 [1]606 [1]
i.e. into a central area indicated by areas 603, 604, 605, 606 of (when going farther away
Magnetfeldstärke
from the center) decreasing magnetic field strength.
Chipkarte
RFID[7]
To allow communication with a small scaled chip cards, e.g. including RFID tags, which
PCD-Aufrüstung
PCD-Antenne
are not necessarily arranged at the center of the PCD upgrade and PCD antenna, the
PCD-Aufrüstung
antenna structure (i.e. the PCD upgrade) may be tuned in a way to split the available
power to different locations, such that the coupling structure (inner antenna) does not
propagate the maximum of available power.
Basically, both antenna resonant circuits can be matched individually. Which matching is
finally chosen depends on the application. Thus the field strength distribution can be
adjusted for the given operating volume. The matching is done by selecting an
13
14
507[2]508) [1]
Induktivität
appropriate capacitor value (e.g. of capacitors 507, 508) depending on both inductances
PCD-Aufrüstung
of the PCD upgrade structure.
38
The splitting of available power is illustrated in figure 7.
(P2)
p.1
94
(P6)
p.2
Figure 7 illustrates the magnetic field distribution of a cross section of an arrangement of
PCD-Aufrüstung
PCD-Antenne
a PCD upgrade placed on a PCD antenna which is tuned such that the magnetic power is
distributed over various locations.
Magnetfeldstärke
The resulting magnetic field strength distribution can be seen as a combination of the
Magnetfeldstärke
701 [1]
magnetic field strength distributions of figures 2 and 6, i.e. hot-spots 701 are formed in
PCD-Aufrüstung
the center of the PCD upgrade as well as around the wires of the outer antenna (including
Magnetfeldstärke
areas of decreased magnetic field strength when leaving these hot-spots as described with
6) [1]
reference to figures 2 and 6).
RFID[8]
This configuration allows ID 1 cards as well as small scaled RFID transponders to
Leservorrichtung
communicate with the reader device. Moreover miniaturized transponders can be
PCD[3]
detected at the overall spanned PCD area, i.e. the detection area as defined (i.e.
PCD-Antenne
surrounded) by the PCD antenna.
In a similar way as illustrated in figure 7, a higher number of hot-spots (e.g. more than
one center hot-spot) can be implemented. By splitting the available power to several hot
spots a large detection area can be generated.
14
15
PCD-Aufrüstung 407
407[6]
11
Various examples of the PCD upgrade 407 are illustrated in figures 8 to 11.
Kommunikationsanordnung 800
800101
[3]
Kommunikationsanordnung 400
Figure 8 shows a communication arrangement 800. Similarly to the communication
(P13)
p.15
400[3]
Kommunikationsanordnung 800
800[2]
801 [2]
arrangement 400, the communication arrangement 800 includes a reader 801 having a
803 [3]
PCD-Antenne 802802 [5] PCD-Aufrüstung 803
Chipkarte 804804 [6]
805
PCD antenna 802, a PCD upgrade 803 and a chip card 804 with a small antenna 805, e.g.
an RFID device.
102
(P14)
p.15
PCD-Aufrüstung 504
504[5]
PCD-Aufrüstung 803
803[2]
Similarly to the PCD upgrade 504 of figure 5, the PCD upgrade 803 includes an outer
806 [3]
807 [5]
antenna 806 and an inner antenna 807 which are coupled to each other (connected in
806[2]
103
Induktivität 808
parallel). The outer antenna 806 corresponds to a serial connection of a first inductance
(P15)
p.15
808 [2]
809 [2]
810104
[1]
807[2]
(P16)
p.15
808, a capacitor 809 and a first resistor 810. The inner antenna 807 corresponds to a serial
(P17)
p.15
connection of a second inductance 811 and a second resistor 812. The PCD antenna 802
Induktivität 811811 [1]
812105
[1]
PCD-Antenne 802802[2]
Kopplungsfaktor k1 k1 [6]
808[2]
and the outer antenna 808 are coupled with a coupling factor k1 and the inner antenna
807[3]
805[2]
Kopplungsfaktor k2 k2 [6]
Chipkarte 804804[2]
807 and the antenna 805 of the chip card 804 are coupled with a coupling factor k2.
PCD-Antenne 802802[3]
805[3]
Chipkarte 804804[3]
The PCD antenna 802 and the antenna 805 of the chip card 804 are coupled with a
Kopplungsfaktor k3 k3 [4]
Kopplungsfaktor k3 k3[2]
k2[2]
k1[2]
coupling factor k3. The coupling factor k3 is much smaller than k2 and k1. This results
RFID[9]
PCD-Antenne 802802[4]
804[4]
from the fact that the PCD antenna 802 is much larger than the RFID device 804 while
807[4]
805[4]
Chipkarte 804804[5]
the inner antenna 807 and the antenna 805 of the chip card 804 are geometrically
matched.
109
(P18)
p.15
Kommunikationsanordnung 800
800[3]
Figure 9 shows a different view of the communication arrangement 800.
15
16
901 [1]
110
801[2] PCD-Antenne 902902 [1]
In figure 9, a reader 901 corresponds to the reader 801, a PCD antenna 902 corresponds
(P19)
p.16
Leserantenne 802
903 [2]
802[5] PCD-Aufrüstung 903
PCD-Aufrüstung 803
803[3]
to the reader antenna 802, a PCD upgrade 903 corresponds to the PCD upgrade 803 and
907 [1]
Chipkarte 804804[6]
111
PCD-Aufrüstung 903
903[2]
an RFID device 907 corresponds to the chip card 804. The PCD upgrade 903 includes an
(P20)
p.16
904 [1]
806[3]
906 [1]
outer antenna 904 corresponding to the outer antenna 806 which includes a capacitor 906
809[2]
905 [1]
corresponding to the capacitor 809 and an inner antenna 905 corresponding to the inner
807[5]
antenna 807.
112
(P13)
(P12)
p.15
10
Kommunikationsanordnung 1000
1000113
[3]
Kommunikationsanordnung 400
Figure 10 shows a communication arrangement 1000. Similarly to the communication
400[4]
Kommunikationsanordnung 1000
1000[2]
1001 [2]
arrangement 400, the communication arrangement 1000 includes a reader 1001 having a
1003 [3]
PCD-Antenne 10021002 [4] PCD-Aufrüstung 1003
Chipkarte 1004
1004 [4]
1005
PCD antenna 1002, a PCD upgrade 1003 and a chip card 1004 with a small antenna 1005,
e.g. an RFID device.
114
(P14)
p.15
PCD-Aufrüstung 504
504[6]
PCD-Aufrüstung 1003
1003[2]
Similarly to the PCD upgrade 504 of figure 5, the PCD upgrade 1003 includes an outer
1006 [4]
1007 [5]
antenna 1006 and an inner antenna 1007 which are coupled to each other (connected in
(P16)
(P15)
p.15
(P16)
p.15
(P21)
p.16
(P17)
p.15
^
1006[2]
115
Induktivität 1008
parallel). The outer antenna 1006 corresponds to a serial connection of a first inductance
1008
[2]
::
1010116
[1]
1007[2]
1008 and a first resistor 1010. The inner antenna 1007 corresponds to a serial connection
Induktivität 1011
1011 [1]
1012117
[1]
1009 [2]
of a second inductance 1011 and a second resistor 1012. Further, a capacitor 1009 is
1006[3]
1007[3]
118
PCD-Antenne 1002
connected in parallel to the outer antenna 1006 and the inner antenna 1007. The PCD
1002[2]
Kopplungsfaktor k1 k1[3]
1008[2]
antenna 1002 and the outer antenna 1008 are coupled with a coupling factor k1 and the
1007[4]
1005[2]
Chipkarte 1004
1004[2]
inner antenna 1007 and the antenna 1005 of the chip card 1004 are coupled with a
Kopplungsfaktor k2 k2[3]
PCD-Antenne 10021002[3]
1005[3]
Chipkarte 1004
1004[3]
coupling factor k2. The PCD antenna 1002 and the antenna 1005 of the chip card 1004
Kopplungsfaktor k1 k1[4]
Kopplungsfaktor k3 k3[3]
k2[4]
are coupled with a coupling factor k3 smaller than the coupling factors k1 and k2.
16
17
11
Kommunikationsanordnung 1000
1000[3]
Figure 11 shows a different view of the communication arrangement 1000.
1101 [1]
11
120
1001[2] PCD-Antenne 11021102 [1]
In figure 11, a reader 1101 corresponds to the reader 1001, a PCD antenna 1102
(P19)
p.16
Leserantenne 1002 1002[4] PCD-Aufrüstung 1103
1103 [2]
PCD-Aufrüstung 1003
corresponds to the reader antenna 1002, a PCD upgrade 1103 corresponds to the PCD
1003[3]
1107 [1]
Chipkarte 1004
1004[4]
121
PCD-Aufrüstung 1103
upgrade 1003 and an RFID device 1107 corresponds to the chip card 1004. The PCD
(P20)
p.16
1103[2]
1104 [1]
1006[4]
upgrade 1103 includes an outer antenna 1104 corresponding to the outer antenna 1006, an
1105 [1]
1007[5]
1106 [1]
inner antenna 1105 corresponding to the inner antenna 1007 and a capacitor 1106
1009[2]
corresponding to the capacitor 1009.
122
(P13)
S112
p.16
p.15
12
Kommunikationsanordnung 1200
1200123
[3]
Kommunikationsanordnung 400
Figure 12 shows a communication arrangement 1200. Similarly to the communication
400[5]
Kommunikationsanordnung 1200
1200[2]
1201 [2]
arrangement 400, the communication arrangement 1200 includes a reader 1201 having a
1203 [3]
PCD-Antenne 12021202 [3] PCD-Aufrüstung 1203
Chipkarte 1204
1204 [4]
1205
PCD antenna 1202, a PCD upgrade 1203 and a chip card 1204 with a small antenna 1205,
e.g. an RFID device.
124
(P14)
p.15
PCD-Aufrüstung 504
504[7]
PCD-Aufrüstung 1203
1203[2]
Similarly to the PCD upgrade 504 of figure 5, the PCD upgrade 1203 includes an outer
1206 [4]
1207 [5]
antenna 1206 and an inner antenna 1207 which are coupled to each other (namely
1206[2]
connected in parallel). The outer antenna 1206 corresponds to a serial connection of a
Induktivität 1208
1208 [2]
S116
p.16
1210 [1]
1209126
[2]
first inductance 1208 and a first resistor 1210 and includes a first capacitor 1209. The
1207[2]
Induktivität 1211
1211 [1]
inner antenna 1207 corresponds to a serial connection of a second inductance 1211 and a
1212127
[1]
(P21)
p.16
S118
p.16
1213 [2]
second resistor 1212. Further, a capacitor 1213 is connected in parallel to the outer
1206[3]
1207[3]
128
PCD-Antenne 12021202[2]
antenna 1206 and the inner antenna 1207. The PCD antenna 1202 and the outer antenna
1208[2]
Kopplungsfaktor k1 k1[5]
1207[4]
1208 are coupled with a coupling factor k1 and the inner antenna 1207 and the antenna
1205[2]
Kopplungsfaktor k2 k2[5]
Chipkarte 1204
1204[2]
PCD-Antenne
1202
1205 of the chip card 1204 are coupled with a coupling factor k2. The PCD antenna 1202
17
18
1205[3]
Chipkarte 1204
1204[3]
Kopplungsfaktor k3 k3[4]
and the antenna 1205 of the chip card 1204 are coupled with a coupling factor k3 smaller
Kopplungsfaktor k1 k1[6]
k2[6]
than the coupling factors k1 and k2.
100
130
(P18)
(P12)
p.15
13
1301 [1]
13
131
S120
p.17
Kommunikationsanordnung 1200
1200[3]
Figure 13 shows a different view of the communication arrangement 1200.
1201[2] PCD-Antenne 13021302 [1]
In figure 13, a reader 1301 corresponds to the reader 1201, a PCD antenna 1302
Leserantenne 1202 1202[3] PCD-Aufrüstung 1303
1303 [3]
PCD-Aufrüstung 1203
corresponds to the reader antenna 1202, a PCD upgrade 1303 corresponds to the PCD
1203[3]
1307 [1]
Chipkarte 1204
1204[4]
PCD-Aufrüstung 1303
upgrade 1203 and an RFID device 1307 corresponds to the chip card 1204. The PCD
1303[2]
1304 [1]
1206[4]
upgrade 1303 includes an outer antenna 1304 corresponding to the outer antenna 1206, an
1305 [1]
1207[5]
1306 [1]
inner antenna 1305 corresponding to the inner antenna 1207, a first capacitor 1306
1209[2]
1308 [2]
corresponding to the first capacitor 1209 and a second capacitor 1308 corresponding to
1213[2]
the second capacitor 1213.
14
Kommunikationsanordnung 1400
1400 [2]
PCD-Aufrüstung
Figure 14 shows an example of a communication arrangement 1400 in which the PCD
upgrade has a plurality of inner antennas, such that a plurality of hotspots are formed.
Kommunikationsanordnung 1300
1300 [1]
13
Kommunikationsanordnung 1400
Similarly to the communication arrangement 1300 of figure 13, the communication
1400[2]
1403 [4]
1401 [1] PCD-Antenne 14021402 [1] PCD-Aufrüstung 1403
arrangement 1400 includes a reader 1401, a PCD antenna 1402, a PCD upgrade 1403 and
1407 [2]
PCD-Aufrüstung 1303
1303[3]
PCD-Aufrüstung 1403
1403[2]
an RFID device 1407. As the PCD upgrade 1303, the PCD upgrade 1403 includes an
1404 [2]
1406 [1]
PCD-Aufrüstung 1403
outer antenna 1404 including a first capacitor 1406. However, in this example, the PCD
1403[3]
1405 [2]
upgrade 1403 includes a plurality of inner antennas 1405 connected to the outer antenna
1404[2]
1405[2]
PCD-Aufrüstung 1403
1403[4]
1404. For each inner antenna 1405, the PCD upgrade 1403 includes a second capacitor
18
19
1308[2]
RFID[10]
1407[2]
1408 similarly to the second capacitor 1308. The RFID device 1407 is in this example
14
arranged over the topmost inner antenna in figure 14.
PCG [1]
In the following, results of experiments for validation of the functionality of the PCG
auf der Grundlage
Leserantenne
upgrade are given. The experiments are based on a setup in which the reader antenna
upgrade (implemented on a printed circuit board) is directly arranged at the top of the
Leserantenne
reader antenna (also implemented on a printed circuit board and connected via cable and
Symmetrieübertrager
Leserantenne
e.g. a balun with the other reader components; the reader antenna is in this example a
50Ohm
Chipkarte
50Ohm matched antenna). The chip card is in this example a µSIM (e.g. arranged within
a mobile phone), i.e. communication is to be performed between the reader and the µSIM
Leserantenne
transponder. It can be seen that without reader antenna upgrade the µSIM transponder has
PCD-Antenne
to be arranged close to the PCD antenna for allowing communication and a
PCD-Antenne
communication is not possible when the µSIM is arranged at a center position of the PCD
antenna.
In following the results of a measurement of the reading distance to the µSIM
Leserantenne
transponder as well as the reading distance to ID1 cards from the reader antenna are
given.
Center measurement:
ID1[2]
50Ohm
Leserantenne
Reading distance measurement with ID1 and µSIMon custom built 50Ohm reader
Chipkarte
antenna. In this measurement the position of the chip card is centered.
ID1[3]
PCD-Aufrüstung
ID1 centered without PCD upgrade: 4 cm
19
20
ID1[4]
PCD-Aufrüstung
ID1 centered with PCD upgrade: 5.1 cm
PCD-Aufrüstung FAIL
FAIL [1]
µSIMcentered without PCD upgrade: FAIL
PCD-Aufrüstung
µSIMcentered with PCD upgrade: 1.7 cm
Corner measurement:
ID1[5]
50Ohm
Leserantenne
Reading distance measurement with ID1 and µSIMon custom built 50Ohm reader
Chipkarte
antenna. In this measurement the position of the chip card is arranged at a corner of the
PCD-Antenne
PCD antenna.
PCD-Aufrüstung
µSIMwithout PCD upgrade: 1.2 cm
PCD-Aufrüstung
µSIMwith PCD upgrade: 1.2 cm
PCD-Aufrüstung
Thus, the usage of PCD upgrade has no draw back compared to the usage of the reader
PCD-Aufrüstung
without PCD upgrade with regard to communication at a corner position .
While specific aspects have been described, it should be understood by those skilled in
the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing
from the spirit and scope of the aspects of this disclosure as defined by the appended
claims. The scope is thus indicated by the appended claims and all changes which come
within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be
embraced.
20
21
Claims
What is claimed is:
Chipkarte
1.
A chip card reading arrangement comprising
Chipkarten-Lesevorrichtung
a chip card reading device comprising
a data processing circuit; and
Leserantenne
a reader antenna coupled to the data processing circuit arranged at a
Chipkarten-Lesevorrichtung
Chipkarte
surface of the chip card reading device for placing a chip card to
Chipkarten-Lesevorrichtung
Leserantenne
communicate with the chip card reading device via the reader antenna,
wherein the data processing circuit is configured to process at least one of
Leserantenne
signals received via the reader antenna and signals to be transmitted via
Leserantenne
the reader antenna; and
an antenna structure comprising an antenna body, a first antenna and a second
antenna coupled to the first antenna and surrounded by the first antenna;
Chipkarten -Lesevorrichtung
wherein the antenna structure is arranged on and fixed to the surface of the chip
-Lesevorrichtung
Leserantenne
card reading device such that the reader antenna surrounds the second antenna.
Chipkarte
2.
Chipkarten-Lesevorrichtung
The chip card reading arrangement of claim 1, wherein the chip card reading
Chipkarten-Lesevorrichtung
device further comprises a housing wherein the surface of the chip card reading
device is a surface of the housing.
Chipkarte
3.
The chip card reading arrangement of claim 1 or 2, wherein the antenna body
comprises a substrate.
21
22
Chipkarte
4.
The chip card reading arrangement of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the
antenna body comprises a printed circuit board.
Chipkarte
5.
The chip card reading arrangement of any one of claims 1 to 4,wherein the
antenna body comprises a housing of the antenna structure.
Chipkarte
6.
The chip card reading arrangement of claim 5,wherein the housing is arranged on
Chipkarten-Lesevorrichtung
and fixed to the surface of the chip card reading device.
Chipkarte
7.
The chip card reading arrangement of any one of claims 1 to 6,wherein the
Chipkarten-Lesevorrichtung
antenna structure is fixed to the surface of the chip card reading device by
fastening means.
Chipkarte
8.
The chip card reading arrangement of claim 7,wherein the fastening means
include at least one of one or more screws or one or more nut and bolt
arrangements.
Chipkarte
9.
The chip card reading arrangement of any one of claims 1 to 8,wherein the
Chipkarten-Lesevorrichtung
antenna structure is fixed to the surface of the chip card reading device by an
adhesive.
22
23
Chipkarte
10.
The chip card reading arrangement of any one of claims 1 to 9,wherein the first
antenna comprises one or more first windings and the second antenna comprises
one or more second windings lying within the one or more first windings.
(P9)
p.9
^
::
11.
Chipkarte
The chip card reading arrangement of any one of claims 1 to 1 0,wherein the
Leserantenne
Leserantenne
reader antenna comprises one or more reader antenna windings and the second
antenna comprises one or more second windings and the antenna structure is
Chipkarten-Lesevorrichtung
arranged on and fixed to the surface of the chip card reading device such that the
Leserantenne
one or more second windings lie within the one or more reader antenna windings.
Chipkarte
12.
The chip card reading arrangement of any one of claims 1 to 11,wherein the
antenna structure comprises a plurality of second antennas coupled to the first
antenna and surrounded by the first antenna and wherein the antenna structure is
Chipkarten-Lesevorrichtung
arranged on and fixed to the surface of the chip card reading device such that the
Leserantenne
reader antenna surrounds the second antennas.
Chipkarte
13.
The chip card reading arrangement of any one of claims 1 to 12,wherein the
antenna structure is configured to concentrate magnetic power emitted by the
Leserantenne
reader antenna.
Chipkarte
14.
The chip card reading arrangement of any one of claims 1 to 13,wherein the
antenna structure is configured to concentrate magnetic power emitted by the
Leserantenne
reader antenna to a central area of the antenna structure.
23
24
Chipkarte
15.
The chip card reading arrangement of any one of claims 1 to 14,wherein the
antenna structure is configured such that the first antenna receives power from the
Leserantenne
reader antenna and provides the received power to the second antenna and the
second antenna emits the received power in form of magnetic power.
Chipkarte
16.
The chip card reading arrangement of any one of claims 1 to 15,wherein the
Chipkarten-Lesevorrichtung
antenna structure is arranged on and fixed to the surface of the chip card reading
Leserantenne
device such that the first antenna lies above the reader antenna.
(P10)
p.9
^
::
17.
Chipkarte
16
The chip card reading arrangement of any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the first
Leserantenne
antenna and the reader antenna have substantially the same size.
Chipkarte
18.
The chip card reading arrangement of any one of claims 1 to 17,wherein the first
antenna is larger than the second antenna.
Chipkarte
19.
18
The chip card reading arrangement of any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the
Chipkarte
antenna structure comprises a surface for placing a chip card to communicate with
Chipkarten-Lesevorrichtung
Chipkarten-Lesevorrichtung
the chip card reading device to communicate with the chip card reading device via
Leserantenne
the first antenna, the second antenna and the reader antenna.
(P11)
p.11
^
::
20.
Chipkarte
The chip card reading arrangement of any one of claims 1 to 19,wherein the first
Chipkarte
antenna is configured to forward signals to be transmitted by the chip card reading
24
25
device to the second antenna and is configured to forward signals to be received
Chipkarten-Lesevorrichtung
Leserantenne
by the chip card reading device to the reader antenna.
Chipkarte
21.
A chip card reading arrangement comprising
Chipkarten-Lesevorrichtung
a chip card reading device comprising
a data processing circuit; and
Leserantenne
a reader antenna coupled to the data processing circuit arranged at a
Chipkarten-Lesevorrichtung
Chipkarte
surface of the chip card reading device for placing a chip card to
Chipkarten-Lesevorrichtung
Leserantenne
communicate with the chip card reading device via the reader antenna,
wherein the data processing circuit is configured to process at least one of
Leserantenne
signals received via the reader antenna and signals to be transmitted via
Leserantenne
the reader antenna; and
an antenna structure comprising an antenna body, a first antenna and a second
antenna coupled to the first antenna and smaller than the first antenna and the
Leserantenne
reader antenna.
25
CHIP CARD READING ARRANGEMENT
167
Abstract
(P1)
p.1
Chipkarte
Chipkarten-Lesevorrichtung
A chip card reading arrangement is provided comprising a chip card reading device comprising a
Leserantenne
data processing circuit; and a reader antenna coupled to the data processing circuit arranged at a
Chipkarten-Lesevorrichtung
Chipkarte
Chipkarten -Lesevorrichtung
surface of the chip card reading device for placing a chip card to communicate with the chip card
-Lesevorrichtung
Leserantenne
reading device via the reader antenna, wherein the data processing circuit is configured to
Leserantenne
process at least one of signals received via the reader antenna and signals to be transmitted via
Leserantenne
(P2)
p.1
168
Chipkarte
the reader antenna. The chip card reading arrangement further comprises an antenna structure
comprising an antenna body, a first antenna and a second antenna coupled to the first antenna
169
(P8)
p.6
and surrounded by the first antenna. The antenna structure is arranged on and fixed to the surface
Chipkarten-Lesevorrichtung
Leserantenne
of the chip card reading device such that the reader antenna surrounds the second antenna.
Figure 3
26