Canadian Research at a Glance
Transcription
Canadian Research at a Glance
EQUITY RESEARCH CANADIAN RESEARCH AT A GLANCE March 11, 2015 Price Target Revisions ! Alimentation Couche-Tard ! Canexus Corp. ! Concordia Healthcare Corp. ! Silver Standard Resources Inc. Summary Stocking The Pantry: Anticipating strong Q3 results, target to $52 Summary Focus on business and NATO updates rather than Q4 results Summary Covis deal more than doubles annualized revenue and diversifies the portfolio Summary Lowering price target on back of shortened mine life at Pirquitas/year-end update Summary Otjikoto reaches commercial production with strong early metrics Summary Ambatovy production down in February due to plant shutdown Summary Positioned to Outperform in a Risky Environment Summary Q4; Recycle ratio analysis supports austerity budget for 2015 Summary The transition to lower resin prices is still promising, but not as smooth as hoped Summary Q4 results in-line with outlook maintained Summary Investor Day: Visible fee-based growth remains the name of the game Summary In-line Q4/14 results; FFO/unit soon to "normalize" at the lower gearing ratio Summary Solid operating trend reinforce Outperform rating ! Bulking Up - RBC's Weekly Review ! Global Mining Trends & Values ! Paper & Forest Products Weekly ! Precious Metals & Minerals Weekly Summary Iron ore prices broke below $60/t ! Summary First Glance Notes ! B2Gold Corp. ! Sherritt International Corp. Company Comments ! Agnico Eagle Mines Ltd. ! Gear Energy Ltd. ! Intertape Polymer Group Inc. ! Kelt Exploration Ltd. ! Pembina Pipeline ! Pure Industrial REIT ! Trimac Transportation Ltd. Industry Comments Valuation Tables Q1/15 Global Mining Best Ideas Portfolio RBC Flight Deck Summary Summary Summary Chart of the Week: The Performance of Gold and Gold Equities Around a Fed Rate Hike Cycle ! ! RBC International E&P Daily ! Turnin' to the Right - Canadian Summary Key trends keeps positive airline thesis intact Summary CNE; TLW; AOI; PXT Summary February activity reflects the impact of E&P capex cuts ! Summary Ux spot price unchanged at $39.25/lb; TradeTech up $0.50/lb to $39.00/lb ! 2015 RBC Capital Markets’ Financial Summary Updates from Day 1 ! Summary Thesis slightly more negative after Q1/15 due to capital volatility Oilfield Services Insights Uranium Weekly In-Depth Reports Institutions Conference Canadian Banks Priced as of prior day's market close, EST (unless otherwise noted). For Required Non-U.S. Analyst and Conflicts Disclosures, see Page 15. EQUITY RESEARCH U.S. RESEARCH AT A GLANCE March 11, 2015 Price Target Revisions ! Arista Networks Inc. ! Benefitfocus Inc. ! Chipotle Mexican Grill, Inc. ! Impax Laboratories, Inc. ! Midstates Petroleum Company Inc. ! Ocular Therapeutix, Inc. ! Starbucks Corporation Summary No stopping Junior Summary Results of Investments on Show Summary Nudging EPS estimates higher; Outperform Summary Core Pharma deal now closed; Rytary launch and more M&A the focus Summary Exits Most Of Remaining Gulf Coast Assets With $44 Million Sale Summary More clinical and news flow momentum building; Raising price target Summary Premium positioned; Outperform Summary Otjikoto reaches commercial production with strong early metrics Summary 1Q15A Revenues (-) | Operating Performance (+) |Outlook (+) Summary Pressing its Leadership: Update from the Digital Marketing Summit Summary Positioned to Outperform in a Risky Environment Summary Heading for home: Strong Q3 results position CASY for record F15 Summary Four Key Takeaways from Analyst Day and Investor Feedback from Event Summary Investor Day: Visible fee-based growth remains the name of the game Summary Investment Platform Primed For Growth Summary Updating Estimates; Strong Underlying Fundamentals Apparent Heading Into Deal Close Summary Solid Q1/15 results but guidance reduced on F/X ! Bulking Up - RBC's Weekly Review ! Farm Equipment: USDA Reports Summary Iron ore prices broke below $60/t Summary Corn ending stocks estimates lowered ! ! IT Hardware: February 2015 ODM Summary First Glance Notes ! B2Gold Corp. ! NCI Building Systems Inc. Company Comments ! Adobe Systems, Inc. ! Agnico Eagle Mines Ltd. ! Casey's General Stores, Inc. ! EMC Corporation ! Pembina Pipeline ! STAG Industrial, Inc. ! Tornier NV ! VeriFone Systems, Inc. Industry Comments Update Global Mining Trends & Values ! Summary Market Review – PCs Heading South Machinery: N. America Farm Summary Equipment Update Paper & Forest Products Weekly Summary ! ! RBC European Industrials Daily ! RBC International E&P Daily ! Specialty Pharma: Short Interest Softer than normal start to a new year Feb high-HP retail sales down double-digits y/y; utility tractors decline Summary Eurozone growth, Domino bid, Melrose feedback Summary CNE; TLW; AOI; PXT Summary Closer look at moves in PRGO, ENDP and DEPO Summary Updates from Day 1 Summary In-Depth Reports ! 2015 RBC Capital Markets’ Financial Institutions Conference 2 EQUITY RESEARCH UK & European Research at a Glance March 11, 2015 Ratings Revisions ! Cairn Energy plc Summary A rough passage from India Summary Long-term growth potential vs. more downgrades. Summary Thoughts post the analyst meeting Summary Yield, but up front bank costs can't be ignored Summary Updating Estimates; Strong Underlying Fundamentals Apparent Heading Into Deal Close Summary Iron ore prices broke below $60/t Price Target Revisions ! Regus PLC First Glance Notes ! Hannover Re Company Comments ! CTT ! Tornier NV Industry Comments ! Bulking Up - RBC's Weekly Review ! Global Mining Trends & Values Summary In-Depth Reports ! 2015 RBC Capital Markets’ Financial Summary Updates from Day 1 Institutions Conference Find our Research at: RBC Insight (www.rbcinsight.com): RBC's global research destination on the web. Contact your RBC Capital Markets' sales representative to access our global research site, or use our iPad App "RBC Research" Thomson Reuters (www.thomsononeanalytics.com) Bloomberg (RBCR GO) SNL Financial (www.snl.com) FactSet (www.factset.com) 3 Price Target Revisions Alimentation Couche-Tard(TSX: ATD.B; 46.37) Irene Nattel (Analyst) (514) 878-7262; [email protected] Martin Gravel, CFA (Associate) (514) 878-7264; [email protected] Alex Carette (Associate) (514) 878-7254; [email protected] 50.00 52 WEEKS Rating: Price Target: Sector Perform 52.00 ▲ 47.00 Stocking The Pantry: Anticipating strong Q3 results, target to $52 14MAR14 - 06MAR15 45.00 40.00 With yesterday's shareholder approval of the pending acquisition of The Pantry, ATD is poised to significantly strengthen its position in the U.S. Southeast. Forecasting EPS of $0.56 (consensus $0.52) when ATD reports Q3/F15 on Tuesday, March 17 underpinned by strong motor fuel margin environment. Raising target from $47 to $52. 35.00 30.00 40000 30000 20000 10000 M A M J Close J 2014 A S O N D J 2015 F M Rel. S&P/TSX COMPOSITE INDEXMA 40 weeks EPS, Ops Diluted Prev. 2014A 1.35 2015E 1.88↑ 1.87 2016E 1.80↓ 1.90 2017E 2.16 P/E 27.1x 19.4x 20.3x 16.9x All market data in CAD; all financial data in USD; dividends paid in CAD. • PTRY shareholders voted overwhelmingly in favour of the $1.7b merger with ATD. Favourable outcome was anticipated by the market. The PTRY acquisition increases ATD's store count in North America by ~24% and significantly strengthens its position in the Southeast US. Transaction multiple 7.7x TTM EBITDA at PTRY is in line with industry average over a 10-year period but well below the elevated multiples seen in 2014 (SUSS ~13.6x). Valuation of the transaction is consistent with ATD's history of disciplined acquisitions but also reflects PTRY's leveraged balance sheet and necessary investment in technology, stores, etc. Transaction could close as early as mid next week, pending Hart-ScottRodino review/approval. Our model assumes the deal closes at F15 year-end. • Focus on operating and fuel margin environment, PTRY and Europe integration. Q3 estimate $0.56 unchanged as an increase in retail fuel margin assumptions (+6¢ to 27¢/gallon in the US and +1¢ to 7.5¢/litre in Canada) is offset by the negative US$ translation impact of Canadian and European operations. • Q3 focus will likely be on : (i) PTRY acquisition, forecasted synergies/initiatives, (ii) acquisition outlook and balance sheet capacity to fund acquisitions; (iii) operating and demand conditions in North America and Europe and in particular the impact of pricing, traffic-driving strategies and lower gas prices on SSS growth, learnings from the expanded fresh program test, and outlook for new store growth; and iv) update on integration process in Europe. • Strong USD moderates forecasts, more than recouped on share price translation, $52 target. Canexus Corp.(TSX: CUS; 2.37) Nelson Ng, CFA (Analyst) (604) 257-7617; [email protected] Kelsey Roste (Associate) (604) 257-7383; [email protected] Rating: Price Target: 52 WEEKS 14MAR14 - 06MAR15 Outperform 4.00 ▼ 5.00 Focus on business and NATO updates rather than Q4 results Canexus will be releasing Q4/14 results on March 12, and we believe investors should focus on a potential update for the NATO sales process and the Business Improvement Program initiative. We are reducing our price target to $4.00 (from $5.00) to reflect our reduced expectation from the potential sale of NATO in the depressed oil price environment. 5.00 4.50 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 7500 6000 4500 3000 1500 M A M J Close J 2014 A S O N D J 2015 F Rel. S&P/TSX COMPOSITE INDEXMA 40 weeks ACFFO/Sh Diluted 2013A 0.36 2014E 0.16 2015E 0.34 2016E 0.61 All values in CAD unless otherwise noted. M • Sale of NATO seems likely. Canexus received binding offers in late December for the crude-by-rail facility (NATO). If bids came in too low and Canexus decided to retain NATO, we believe the company would have announced that by now. As a result, we believe Canexus may be in advanced stages of negotiation to sell the facility. We expect management to provide an update in the sales process when it releases Q4/14 results on March 12 (after market close). • Share price implies deep discount for NATO. Canexus invested approximately $500 million in NATO, but we estimate that the current share price implies a value of $66-$177 million, assuming that the Chemical business is valued at 8-9x our 4 2016 EBITDA forecast. We expect the sale of NATO will be the catalyst to realize value. • Large dividend cut is inevitable. Regardless of whether Canexus divests NATO under the current sales process, or at a later date, we believe Canexus may announce a significant dividend cut. The magnitude of the dividend cut will depend on the NATO sale proceeds, and we would not be surprised if the dividend was reduced by 50%, which would reflect a 65% payout ratio based on our 2016 forecast (excluding NATO). The current yield is about 17%, compared to its peer group at 5.5%. Concordia Healthcare Corp.(TSX: CXR; 80.73) Douglas Miehm (Analyst) (416) 842-7823; [email protected] Fred Garcia (Associate) (416) 842-7876; [email protected] 64.00 56.00 48.00 52 WEEKS Rating: Price Target: 14MAR14 - 06MAR15 Covis deal more than doubles annualized revenue and diversifies the portfolio Management appears to have accomplished its goal of diversifying its portfolio with the Covis deal. While the multiple paid for the products is on the higher end of prior deals, CXR has accelerated its strategy which positions it well for additional M&A opportunities. Depending on the level of equity utilized (likely $150-500MM) and close timing, accretion to our 2015 forecast is >50%. 40.00 32.00 24.00 16.00 2000 1500 1000 500 M A M J Close J 2014 A S O N D J 2015 F M Rel. S&P/TSX COMPOSITE INDEXMA 40 weeks Revenue Prev. 40.4 121.0↑ 120.3 294.5↑ 171.5 375.3↑ 179.6 2013A 2014E 2015E 2016E All market data in CAD; all financial data in USD. 52 WEEKS • $1.2B deal for Covis Pharmaceuticals. The deal is set to close in Q2/15 and will be financed with an unspecified mix of debt & equity. Management anticipates leverage to be ~5x at the close and to be reduced to ~3x by the end of 2016. Based on Covis' Q4/14 revenues of ~47-52MM and gross margins of ~90%, annualized EBITDA would be ~$170-175MM as synergies of ~$20MM accounts for the redundant distribution costs. As such, CXR is paying ~7x for the assets. The ~7x multiple is slightly higher than the 4-6x range management prefers to obtain assets, but appears warranted considering the increased scale and healthy diversification of risk. • Covis revenues were ~$145MM in 2014, ~$200MM in 2015 (annualized). Covis was formed in December 2011 when it acquired several US rights to drugs (Fortaz, Zinacef, Lanoxin, Parnate, Zantac injection) from GlaxoSmithKline. Covis also acquired US rights to Nilandron, Plaquenil, Rilutek, Uroxatral and Kayexalate from Sanofi in 2013. In total, Concordia is acquiring 18 drugs with sales of ~ $145MM in 2014. • Accretion guidance, >50% adj EPS, may be conservative. Depending on the level/price of equity utilized and timing of the close, we believe adjusted EPS in 2015 could be in the $3.89-4.00 range representing 51-55% accretion to our prior 2015 forecast of $2.58. If the deal can be closed earlier than the middle of Q2 and equity is minimized, accretion levels would be higher. Our base case assumes a $350MM equity raise and the deal closes in the middle of Q2. Silver Standard Resources Inc.(NASDAQ: SSRI; 4.31; TSX: SSO) Dan Rollins, CFA (Analyst) (416) 842-9893; [email protected] Mark Mihaljevic (Associate) (416) 842-3804; [email protected] 12.00 Outperform 105.00 ▲ 47.00 Rating: Price Target: 14MAR14 - 06MAR15 10.00 Sector Perform 6.00 ▼ 7.50 Lowering price target on back of shortened mine life at Pirquitas/year-end update We lower our price target on Silver Standard to $6 from $7.50 as a result of reduced/ limited mine life at Pirquitas and revised valuation following year-end update. With a strong balance sheet, we expect Silver Standard could look to acquire another producing mine in 2015/16. 8.00 6.00 4.00 30000 20000 10000 M A M Close J J 2014 A S Rel. S&P 500 O N D J 2015 F MA 40 weeks M • Acquisition could fill expected void left by Pirquitas • We expect Silver Standard could look to make an acquisition in order to offset an expected decline in production once reserves at Pirquitas are depleted. Including its $89M stake in Pretium, Silver Standard has close to $275M in capital to put 5 EPS, Adj Diluted Prev. 2014A 0.01↑ (0.15) 2015E (0.01)↓ 0.15 2016E 0.22↑ 0.20 2017E 0.47 P/E • 20.0x 9.2x All values in USD unless otherwise noted. • • • • towards an acquisition. Adding another producing asset like Marigold would likely be viewed favourably by the market. Although Silver Standard has demonstrated its ability to turn around assets and unlock value, we remain cautious on the near-term direction of the company's share price. Until the company addresses the expected decline in production post-2017/18, either through reserve additions at Pirquitas or via an acquisition, we see little to drive the company's share price higher beyond a rebound in silver and gold prices. Reserve update disappoints Silver Standard’s year-end reserve update was disappointing as success at Marigold was overshadowed by a sizeable decline at Pirquitas. The 40% decline in reserves at Pirquitas was negative. Backing out the implied throughput of the pressure jig circuit, the implied reserve life of Pirquitas is ~3 years. Bolstering reserves key to extending mine life at Pirquitas Given Pirquitas' implied reserve life, the company is evaluating several initiatives to extend the mine life, including development of underground resources, pit layback, near-mine targets, regional targets and processing low-grade stockpiles. The first two initiatives could add 1-2 years of life. Although management appears constructive on extending the mine life, we assume only modest additions given lack of historical reserve growth. First Glance Notes B2Gold Corp.(TSX: BTO; 1.85; NYSE:MKT: BTG) Sam Crittenden, P.Eng., CFA (Analyst) (416) 842-7886; [email protected] Wayne Lam, CFA (Associate) (416) 842-7898; [email protected] 3.60 52 WEEKS Rating: Outperform Otjikoto reaches commercial production with strong early metrics 14MAR14 - 06MAR15 3.20 2.80 2.40 2.00 • B2Gold declared commercial production at the Otjikoto mine in Namibia based on strong early metrics. • This supports our view that a successful ramp-up at Otjitkoto can provide catalysts in 2015 and production growth into 2016. • B2's in-house mine-building team is shifting focus to the Fekola project in Mali, which could double production and lower costs. 40000 20000 M A M J Close J 2014 A S O N D J 2015 F M Rel. S&P/TSX COMPOSITE INDEXMA 40 weeks All market data in CAD; all financial data in USD; dividends paid in CAD. Sherritt International Corp.(TSX: S; 2.16) Fraser Phillips, P.Eng. (Analyst) (416) 842-7859; [email protected] Steve Bristo, CFA (Associate) (416) 842-7826; [email protected] Thomas Klein (Associate) (416) 842-5339; [email protected] Rating: Ambatovy production down in February due to plant shutdown 52 WEEKS 14MAR14 - 06MAR15 4.50 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 M A M Close J J 2014 A S O Outperform N D J 2015 F Rel. S&P/TSX COMPOSITE INDEXMA 40 weeks M • February production at Ambatovy down due to two week plant shutdown: Sherritt this morning announced that Ambatovy produced 3,870 tonnes of nickel and 294 tonnes of cobalt on a 100% basis in February, with ore throughput in the PAL circuit at 59% of nameplate capacity and finished nickel production at 84% of nameplate capacity. Nickel and cobalt production were down by 18% and 16% MoM, respectively, versus record production in January, but were up 19% and 56%, respectively, over December levels. Sherritt reported that production and throughput were lower than expected due to a plant shutdown that lasted two weeks to investigate and make any adjustments in response to the hydrogen sulphide gas incident that was announced on February 19 and resulted in a fatality. The shutdown concluded in early March. During the shutdown, stockpiled material continued to be refined until the stockpiles were depleted, leading to higher capacity utilization for finished nickel production than 6 PAL throughput. The annualized results continue to compare favourably with guidance and our expectations. • We expect production in March to be up as the company attempts to complete its production test: The shutdown certainly eliminated any buffer Sherritt may have had in its completion test to achieve an average of 90% of nameplate capacity over 90 days in a 100-day continuous period. However, the company believes there is still a chance to achieve the completion test by the end of March if production remains strong over the next few weeks. All values in CAD unless otherwise noted. Company Comments Agnico Eagle Mines Ltd.(NYSE: AEM; 27.49; TSX: AEM) Stephen D. Walker (Analyst) (416) 842-4120; [email protected] Mark Mihaljevic (Associate) (416) 842-3804; [email protected] Elizabeth Gao (Associate) 416 842 8934; [email protected] 52 WEEKS Rating: Price Target: Outperform 38.00 Positioned to Outperform in a Risky Environment 14MAR14 - 06MAR15 40.00 36.00 32.00 28.00 AEM offers investors attractive returns with an experienced management team, low cost mines with exploration upside and operations in regions of low geopolitical risk. Below $1,100 gold we see balance sheet risk, however we believe AEM's has the flexibility to reduce AISC costs and adjust capital allocation priorities for new project capex, without significantly impairing the balance sheet and the mine portfolio. 24.00 20000 15000 10000 5000 M A M J J Close 2014 A S O N D Rel. S&P 500 J 2015 F M MA 40 weeks EPS, Adj Diluted Prev. 2014A 0.72↓ 0.87 2015E 0.63↑ 0.62 2016E 0.87↓ 1.06 2017E 1.19 P/E 38.3x 43.4x 31.4x 23.0x All values in USD unless otherwise noted. Gear Energy Ltd.(TSX: GXE; 1.71) Mark J. Friesen, CFA (Analyst) (403) 299-2389; [email protected] 6.00 52 WEEKS 14MAR14 - 06MAR15 Rating: Price Target: Sector Perform 3.00 Q4; Recycle ratio analysis supports austerity budget for 2015 5.00 4.00 Based on our recycle ratio analysis and current debt ratios at strip pricing, we believe that management of Gear Energy is making the correct economic decision by undertaking a minimalist capital budget. 3.00 2.00 4500 3000 1500 M A M Close 2013A 2014A 2015E 2016E • Agnico Eagle offers investors attractive returns with an experienced management team, low cost mines with exploration upside and operations in regions of low geopolitical risk. • In a $1,200/oz gold scenario we expect capital allocation decisions to be made and between the Amaruq, El Barqueno and Meliadine projects and its organic Kittila shaft and Goldex expansion projects. • At $1,200 gold we estimate AEM could spend new project capex of ~$500MM over the next 4 years, along with servicing the scheduled debt repayments and dividends. In a sub $1,100 gold world, we estimate that Agnico could go to a "nogrowth/no-spending" scenario, cutting all new project capex and have sufficient liquidity at $1,000/oz gold. J J 2014 A S O N D J 2015 F Rel. S&P/TSX COMPOSITE INDEXMA 40 weeks Prod (boe/d) Prev. 4,079 6,020↓ 6,032 6,265↑ 6,252 6,476 All values in CAD unless otherwise noted. M • We are maintaining a Sector Perform recommendation and a $3.00 price target. • Q4/14 results reflect large hedging gain. Production of 7,001 boe/d was prereleased. CFPS of $0.29 was higher than our estimate of $0.22 due to larger than expected hedging gains and better operating and G&A cost control. • Austerity prudent to restore balance sheet strength. Management plans to spend only $3mm in H1/15 and divert free cash flow to reducing bank credit lines. We estimate $25mm of debt could be repaid at strip pricing, reducing D/CF to ~1.6x (from 2.0x). • Recycle ratio outlook benefits from expected hedging gains. Corporate 2P FD&A costs were $28.16/boe (including FDC). Based on 2014 results, we calculate a corporate operating netback recycle ratio of 1.4x and a CF recycle ratio of 1.2x. While good to be above 1.0x, these results fall shy of the 1.5x CF netback recycle ratio we use as the indication of core value creation. We calculate a 2015E CF recycle ratio of 1.4x is possible, which we view as likely being above average in a 7 challenging oil price year. The company's 2014 and expected 2015 recycle ratios that land in the range of 1.0x-1.4x adds moderate value but is not a strong return for inherent risks, in our view. Intertape Polymer Group Inc.(TSX: ITP; 17.93) Ben Holton, CFA (Analyst) (416) 842-9949; [email protected] Steve Arthur, CFA (Analyst) (416) 842-7844; [email protected] 20.00 Rating: Price Target: 52 WEEKS 14MAR14 - 06MAR15 18.00 Outperform 23.00 The transition to lower resin prices is still promising, but not as smooth as hoped The margin benefits of lower resin prices appear real, and should start in Q2/15, though the transition to get there is more volatile than anticipated. ITP shares traded off following weak Q1/15 guidance, though we believe this provides an opportunity for investors as the current share price does not reflect the forecasted ramp earnings ramp. We reiterate our Outperform rating and $23 target. 16.00 14.00 12.00 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 M A M J Close J 2014 A S O N D J 2015 F M Rel. S&P/TSX COMPOSITE INDEXMA 40 weeks Revenue Prev. 781.5 812.7↓ 813.0 764.8↓ 786.2 789.3↓ 811.4 2013A 2014A 2015E 2016E ITP shares traded off following weak Q1/15 guidance, though we believe this provides an opportunity for investors as the current share price does not reflect the forecasted ramp earnings ramp. Q1/15 guidance below expectations on temporary customer destocking: Management is guiding towards Q1/15E revenue, gross margin and adj. EBITDA all being “lower Y/Y”. Volumes will be under pressure as film customers postpone orders in anticipation of lower prices. We believe this is temporary, and should not have a significant impact beyond Q1/15E. All market data in CAD; all financial data in USD. We (and management) see upside to margin guidance: As anticipated, margin guidance (beyond Q1) was cautiously optimistic. Management re-iterated their gross margin guidance of 22-24% following the South Carolina project, though commented that this does not account for the impact of lower raw material prices – which should be a positive. Management is understandably hesitant to quantify the potential upside of lower resin prices until market pricing becomes more clear (likely though Q2/15), though we believe the benefit could be significant, and is not being reflected in the current share price. We forecast gross margins increase to 23.3% in 2015E, and 25.5% in 2016E (from 20.1% in 2014). Valuation continues to look attractive: ITP shares are trading at too wide of a discount on forward multiples, in our view. The peer group currently trades at 8.5x 2016E EBITDA and 17.1x EPS, while ITP trades at 7.1x and 12.1x respectively. We believe this discount should narrow over time. Kelt Exploration Ltd.(TSX: KEL; 7.51) Michael Harvey, P.Eng. (Analyst) 403 299 6998; [email protected] Luke Davis (Associate) 403 299 5042; [email protected] Rating: Price Target: 52 WEEKS 14MAR14 - 06MAR15 Outperform 11.00 Q4 results in-line with outlook maintained Kelt's quarter was largely pre-released, leaving little to surprise. We continue to rate KEL Outperform - with our $11 target unchanged. 14.00 12.00 10.00 • Production and cash flow in-line with expectations. In-line production of 15,559 boe/d (+12% QoQ) drove CFPS of $0.23 (RBC $0.24). The difference was primarily attributable to lower realizations and higher royalties than we had anticipated. • Guidance remains unchanged. 2015 guidance was left unchanged with $150 million in capital spending ($457 million including the Artek acquisition). We expect that the program could be increased, should commodity prices improve. 8.00 6.00 7500 6000 4500 3000 1500 M A M Close J J 2014 A S O N D J 2015 F M Rel. S&P/TSX COMPOSITE INDEXMA 40 weeks 8 • Quarterly operations update. Kelt drilled 9 wells (5.4 net) in Q4/14 at a 100% success rate; 5 (3.1 net) oil wells and 4 (2.3 net) gas wells. In 2014, the company drilled 36 (27.1 net) wells; 20 (16.2 net) oil wells, 15 (9.9 net) gas wells and 1 service well. • Costs expected to improve - tweaking estimates. The company completed a small asset acquisition in December near Inga/Fireweed, which included a significant infrastructure component expected to reduce operating/transport costs and improve liquids recoveries in the area. This combined with reduced interest expenses following the recently announced private placement have led us to update our estimates resulting in a CFPS improvement of 6% in 2015 and 5% in 2016. • Bank line likely to be increased. We expect KEL to be 56% drawn (including working capital) on its $235 million credit facility by year-end 2015. This places KEL at a 2015E D/CF ratio of 1.3x vs peers at 4.0x. Despite Kelt's strong relative financial position, we also view a facility increase as likely given the acquisition of Artek. Oil (bbl/d) Prev. 963 4,337↓ 4,379 8,201↓ 8,238 10,493↑ 10,268 2013A 2014A 2015E 2016E All values in CAD unless otherwise noted. Pembina Pipeline(TSX: PPL; 39.46; NYSE:MKT: PBA) Robert Kwan, CFA (Analyst) (604) 257-7611; [email protected] Michelle Zuliani (Associate) 604 257 7064; [email protected] Rating: Price Target: 52 WEEKS 14MAR14 - 06MAR15 52.00 50.00 48.00 46.00 44.00 Outperform 50.00 Investor Day: Visible fee-based growth remains the name of the game We continue to favour the stock due to the longest line of sight for contracted feebased growth in our midstream coverage. With more than 60% of the $5.9 billion capital plan slated to come into service in 2017, Pembina has visibility for fee-based growth into the 2018 time frame as a first full year for projects such as the Phase III and RFS III expansions. 42.00 40.00 38.00 20000 15000 10000 5000 M A M J Close J 2014 A S O N D J 2015 F Rel. S&P/TSX COMPOSITE INDEXMA 40 weeks ACFFO/Sh Diluted 2013A 2.31 2014A 2.37 2015E 2.08 2016E 2.79 All values in CAD unless otherwise noted. Neil Downey, CFA, CA (Analyst) (416) 842-7835; [email protected] Kevin Cheng, CFA (Associate) (416) 842-3803; [email protected] Michael Smith, CFA (Analyst) (416) 842-7805; [email protected] Ben Halm, CPA, CA (Associate) 416 842 8720; [email protected] M • The long-term contracted growth story remains unchanged; dividend growth remains intact. Pembina continues to advance its $5.9 billion committed capital program through 2017, which could see EBITDA double by 2018 while increasing fee-for-service/cost-of-service cash flows from 64% in 2014 to an estimated 82% in 2018. Despite the current rough patch associated with lower commodity prices, we believe that the company will continue to grow dividends modestly in the near term (we project just under 5% this year), with potential for more significant growth (i.e., closer to 10%) as it completes the capital plan. • Acquisitions could add to the growth profile in 2015. We believe that management's commentary regarding its historical success with M&A is a sign that there are heightened acquisition opportunities, some of which may come to fruition this year. • Common equity not a near-term risk, if at all. Management updated the funding plan and provided commentary that the current plan may still require a modest amount of common equity, possibly in late 2015 or 2016. However, if commodity prices improve, Pembina raised the possibility that no common equity (ex-DRIP) may be required to fund the capital plan. • While the low commodity price may hurt cash flow, the company sees a potential silver lining. Management sees potential capital cost savings (target of $250 million, or 5% of the capital budget), which it expressed as being larger than the commodity price downside in results. Pure Industrial REIT(TSX: AAR.UN; 4.70) Rating: Price Target: Outperform 5.25 In-line Q4/14 results; FFO/unit soon to "normalize" at the lower gearing ratio Pure Industrial REIT's ("AAR") Q4/14 results were very much as expected. Despite stronger organic growth, significant de-levering and the "carry" of ~$67MM of PUD were a drag on per unit growth. We expect modest gains in FFO/unit over the 9 52 WEEKS 14MAR14 - 06MAR15 5.00 next two quarters, to a more normalized run-rate based upon ~50% gearing. We've maintained our $5.25 price target and Outperform rating on the units. 4.80 4.60 4.40 4.20 6000 4500 3000 1500 M A M J Close J 2014 A S O N D J 2015 F M Rel. S&P/TSX COMPOSITE INDEXMA 40 weeks FFO/Unit Prev. 0.40 0.37 0.40↑ 0.39 0.41 2013A 2014A 2015E 2016E All values in CAD unless otherwise noted. Trimac Transportation Ltd.(TSX: TMA; 7.02) Walter Spracklin, CFA (Analyst) (416) 842-7877; [email protected] Erin Lytollis, CFA (Associate) (416) 842-7862; [email protected] 52 WEEKS • FFO/unit "in-line"; lower leverage stalls growth – Q4/14 FFO/unit of $0.093 was -1% from Q4/13’s $0.094 and in-line with our $0.090E. Significantly lower financial leverage was behind the slight decline. 2014 FFO of $0.370 was -7% YoY. • Leasing: Steady outlook – 650,000 sf of 2015’s contractual rolls (~40%) have been addressed at positive spreads. Expecting leasing spreads in the 2.5-3.5% range, but some free rent/downtime in H1, the net impact will likely be 1.0-1.5% 2015 organic growth. • D/GBV declines ~560bps YoY; lower gearing provides important flexibility – Q4/14 D/GBV of 48.5% was -560bps YoY. Most (~450bps) was derived from the “over-equitization” from two equity offerings and $81MM in property sales. While the significant reduction in leverage clearly hurt H2/14 and 2014 FFO/unit growth, it has positioned AAR to execute sizable acquisitions and development deals with the latitude that it likely otherwise would not have enjoyed. • Investing activities off to a strong start to the year – In the first 60 days of 2015, AAR has entered into an agreement to build a $128MM FedEx facility north of Toronto and it has acquired a 51% stake in a 1.3MM sf, US$57MM distribution / warehouse portfolio in Greensboro/Winston-Salem. • Index inclusion: On the cusp – Official changes will be announced Friday after the close. Based upon the recent measurement period, RBC CM’s Global Program Trading Group notes AAR’s units are on the “extreme borderline pass for [inclusion in] the Composite. Rating: Price Target: 14MAR14 - 06MAR15 7.35 Outperform 8.00 Solid operating trend reinforce Outperform rating We continue to view TMA's focus on operating efficiency and organic growth favourably, and we see earnings upside from higher pricing as supply-demand fundamentals shift in favour of the trucking sector in key markets. Our core forecasts are materially unchanged on the back of in-line results and guidance. Reiterate Outperform, $8.00 price target. 7.00 6.65 6.30 5.95 5.60 200 100 M A M Close 2014A 2015E 2016E J J 2014 A S O N D J 2015 F Rel. S&P/TSX COMPOSITE INDEXMA 40 weeks Revenue Prev. 448.1↑ 448.0 437.3↓ 464.6 464.3↓ 485.5 All values in CAD unless otherwise noted. M • Mixed outlook - We are constructive on TMA's yield potential. There are puts and takes in TMA's outlook for 2015; however, we consider the company's prospects to be notably more positive than the peer group's near-term opportunities. TMA's optimism is based on volume upside from fuel and FX tailwinds in core markets, as well as pricing power in capacity-constrained lanes. That said, with ~30% of revenue generated in Alberta, TMA is also exposed to energy headwinds even though the Company does not directly serve the oil sands sector. Although, management did not quantify revenue guidance, we believe that our +4%Y/Y top-line growth assumption (ex. fuel surcharges) is consistent with TMA's near-term growth prospects. • Reiterate Outperform rating, $8.00 price target. We continue to view TMA’s efficiency potential and exposure to capacity-constrained markets (chemicals, cross-border) favourably and we see upside to our earnings forecasts if tight supply permits stronger than expected rate increases. Further, we believe the stock is a compelling investment opportunity at current levels offering a +18% all-in return to our $8.00 target. Reiterate Outperform. Industry Comments Fraser Phillips, P.Eng. (Analyst) (416) 842-7859; [email protected] Bulking Up - RBC's Weekly Review Iron ore prices broke below $60/t 10 Chris Drew, CFA (Analyst) +61 2 9033 3060; [email protected] Ken Tham, CFA (Analyst) +61 2 9033 3064; [email protected] Wen Tian, CFA (Associate) (416) 842-4126; [email protected] All values in USD unless otherwise noted. Fraser Phillips, P.Eng. (Analyst) (416) 842-7859; [email protected] Chris Drew, CFA (Analyst) +61 2 9033 3060; [email protected] Timothy Huff (Analyst) +44 20 7653 4866; [email protected] Des Kilalea (Analyst) +44 20 7653 4538; [email protected] Richard Hatch, ACA (Analyst) +44 20 7002 2111; [email protected] Ioannis Masvoulas, CFA (Analyst) +44 20 7653 4647; [email protected] Paul Hissey (Analyst) +61 3 8688 6512; [email protected] Ken Tham, CFA (Analyst) +61 2 9033 3064; [email protected] • What's Hot: Iron ore freight rates rallied this week. • What's Not: Iron ore prices broke below $60/t and hit a six-year low this week. • Our View: We updated our iron ore, coking coal and thermal coal price forecasts this week. We lowered our iron ore price forecast from $80 to $60 in 2015 and our long-term price by $5 to $75. We lowered our coking coal price forecast from $127.5 to $116 in 2015 and our long-term forecast by $10 to $150. • The daily Chinese steel production rate for mid February increased 0.6% to 1.64mtpd compared to early February. • Iron ore inventories at Chinese mills decreased last week. • Chinese steel inventories held by traders and at mills increased last week. • Metallurgical coal prices continued to slide this week. The Chinese import appetite remained weak mainly due to the newly imposed quality testing rules for coal imports and the ongoing negative market sentiment. • Thermal coal reversed gains from last week. Limited demand, tight credit, and the Chinese domestic thermal coal price cuts all put downward pressure on the thermal coal markets. • Iron ore prices fell to a six-year low and ended the week at $57.25/t, down 9.1%. The release of lower Chinese GDP projections, the growing steel inventories at Chinese mills, and concerns about further steel production cuts to curb pollution in China all weighed on iron ore prices. • Steel: HRC and rebar prices decreased in North America, Europe, and China this week. Global Mining Trends & Values Commodity Price Performance: • Metal prices were down on average 1.4% last week. Lead was the best performer up 4.6%, followed by uranium up 1.3%, nickel up 0.3%, and thermal coal flat 0.0%. Iron Ore was the worst performer down 6.8%, followed by silver down 4.2%, gold down 3.8%, zinc down 3.2%, moly down 2.5%, copper down 0.9%, coking coal down 0.9%, and aluminium down 0.5%. Mining Share Price Performance: • Mining shares were down on average 6.6% last week. The best performing group was mineral sands up 1.7%, followed by coal up 0.4%, aluminium down 2.1%, uranium down 3.4%, copper down 6.3%, the diversified group down 8.9%, nickel down 9.5%, iron ore down 12.0%, and miscellaneous down 13.0%. Valuation: • Mining shares are now trading at a 13.9% premium to NAV at forward curve prices, versus a 2.0% premium one week ago. Long/Short Metal Positions: • RBC CM's proprietary data for the LME shows that the net short positions in copper, aluminium, and zinc decreased last week. Net short positions in nickel and lead were unchanged last week. Exchange Inventories: • Total exchange inventories of aluminium and zinc decreased last week, while total inventories of copper and nickel increased last week. Paul C. Quinn (Analyst) (604) 257-7048; [email protected] Hamir Patel (Analyst) (604) 257-7145; [email protected] Stephen D. Walker (Analyst) (416) 842-4120; [email protected] Paper & Forest Products Weekly Comparable valuation tables, commodity prices, and total return performance for our North American Paper & Forest Products coverage universe. Precious Metals & Minerals Weekly Valuation Tables 11 Dan Rollins, CFA (Analyst) (416) 842-9893; [email protected] Chart of the Week: The Performance of Gold and Gold Equities Around a Fed Rate Hike Cycle Mark Mihaljevic (Associate) (416) 842-3804; [email protected] • Ahead of the expected Fed Funds rate hike in mid-2015, we revisit a prior research report that examined in detail the performance of gold and gold equities around Fed rate hikes. • On Average, Gold Equities Outperform Prior to the Hike and Lag Thereafter: Looking at the average performance over the last nine cycles it appears that gold and gold equities outperform in the 12 months prior to the first Fed rate hike, then lag for 9–12 months before beginning to rebound 12–18 months into the rate hike cycle. Also, the commodity tends to outperform the gold equities after the rate hike. • The Devil Is in the Details for Key Drivers: After a rate hike has been announced, there are clearly two periods of performance: (1) the 4 cycles prior to 1980 that show gold and gold stocks performed favourably post the rate hike; and (2) after the September 1980 rate hike, associated with rampant inflation in the early 1980s, where gold and gold equities have clearly underperformed in 4 of the 5 most recent rate hike cycles. • What Is Different This Time Around – the Market Is Now “Pricing in Expectations”: With greater monetary policy transparency compared the prior tightening cycles, we expect the market reaction to the first rate hike to be more muted than in prior periods and we believe a rate hike is being priced in within a range of $1,150–1,175/oz. Sam Crittenden, P.Eng., CFA (Analyst) (416) 842-7886; [email protected] Cameron Klutke (Associate) +61 3 8688 6551; [email protected] Paul Hissey (Analyst) +61 3 8688 6512; [email protected] Timothy Huff (Analyst) +44 20 7653 4866; [email protected] Jonathan Guy (Analyst) +44 20 7653 4603; [email protected] Richard Hatch, ACA (Analyst) +44 20 7002 2111; [email protected] Elizabeth Gao (Associate) 416 842 8934; [email protected] Ioannis Masvoulas, CFA (Analyst) +44 20 7653 4647; [email protected] David Yu (Associate) 416 842 7850; [email protected] Wayne Lam, CFA (Associate) (416) 842-7898; [email protected] All values in USD unless otherwise noted. Stephen D. Walker (Analyst) (416) 842-4120; [email protected] Fraser Phillips, P.Eng. (Analyst) (416) 842-7859; [email protected] Q1/15 Global Mining Best Ideas Portfolio • We are publishing our weekly update to our Global Mining Best Ideas portfolio. • For the quarter to date, the Q1/15 Global Mining Best Ideas List is up 3% compared to the MSCI World Metals & Mining Index, which is down 2%. Dan Rollins, CFA (Analyst) (416) 842-9893; [email protected] Sam Crittenden, P.Eng., CFA (Analyst) (416) 842-7886; [email protected] Timothy Huff (Analyst) +44 20 7653 4866; [email protected] Des Kilalea (Analyst) +44 20 7653 4538; [email protected] Chris Drew, CFA (Analyst) +61 2 9033 3060; [email protected] Jonathan Guy (Analyst) +44 20 7653 4603; [email protected] Andrew D. Wong (Analyst) (416) 842-7830; [email protected] Paul Hissey (Analyst) +61 3 8688 6512; [email protected] All values in USD unless otherwise noted. Walter Spracklin, CFA (Analyst) (416) 842-7877; [email protected] RBC Flight Deck Derek Spronck (Analyst) (416) 842-7833; [email protected] • Planes fly fuller in February. Gone are the days in which you could realistically hope for an empty seat beside you. While it no question presents an opportunity Key trends keeps positive airline thesis intact 12 Anthony Jin, CFA, P.Eng. (Analyst) (416) 842-5338; [email protected] Steve Arthur, CFA (Analyst) (416) 842-7844; [email protected] All values in EUR unless otherwise noted. to make new friends, the healthy demand environment is the cornerstone of our positive airline thesis. Air Canada in particular, saw very robust traffic growth in February, up 11.3% Y/Y (vs. our 7.5%). WestJet saw a nice uptick in traffic growth as well, coming in at 3.3% Y/Y (vs. our 3.5%). The key is that not only are both Air Canada and WestJet bringing on low cost capacity, it is stimulating new traffic demand. • Fares start to move higher in February. While we did not see the same seasonal uptick in fare prices in January with our proprietary fare price survey, we did begin to see it pick-up in February. Should the same trends persist into March, we believe our current yield estimates for both Air Canada and WestJet will likely be in the range. However, we wouldn't be alarmed if we saw some additional fare sale activity through the spring travel season. We note there is plenty of room for the airlines to adjust fares in light of the low fuel price environment. Again, we have yet to see any sort of irrational pricing in the markets with the data we track and believe that both Canadian airlines remain well positioned to garner significant earnings growth in 2015. Victoria McCulloch, CA (Analyst) +44 131 222 4909; [email protected] RBC International E&P Daily Nathan Piper (Analyst) +44 131 222 3649; [email protected] • CNE.L: A rough passage from India; TLW.L/ AOI.TO: Dry well at Engomo; South Lokichar appraisal ongoing; PXT.TO: YE14 results; Kurdistan – Theft shuts-in Ceyhan pipeline; Horn Petroleum: New strategy, management and proposed financing announced Al Stanton (Analyst) +44 131 222 3638; [email protected] CNE; TLW; AOI; PXT Haydn Rodgers, CA (Associate) +44 131 222 4911; [email protected] Adam Naughton (Associate) +441312223695; [email protected] All values in USD unless otherwise noted. Dan MacDonald, CFA (Analyst) (403) 299-2394; [email protected] Turnin' to the Right - Canadian Oilfield Services Insights Matthew McKellar (Associate) 403 299 5045; [email protected] • Lower oil-focused drilling activity: Drilling activity is down significantly y/y and continuing to decrease through much of Alberta and Saskatchewan as E&Ps have been quick to rein in winter drilling programs in the current oil price environment. Rig fleet utilization was 44% in February, versus 68% in 1Q14. • Deep drilling down, but relatively resilient: The active deep rig count (>3,050m rated vertical depth) was down 35% y/y in February, to 260 rigs active on average. The count of all other active rigs (<3,050m rated vertical depth) was down 67% y/y in February. • Increased service intensity per well: Average days to drill in Western Canada is ~13.0, up 16.0% y/y, with the largest increase in Alberta at 29.6%. As well, average meters/well is up 7.8% in February at 2,417m with both AB and SK seeing increases while BC is down 4.5%. • Horizontal drilling slightly more resilient: Although horizontal wells drilled in February 2015 were 44% lower y/y, this compares to overall wells drilled which was down 49%. Horizontal wells represented 79% of all wells drilled, versus 73% in February 2014. • Completions activity tracking drilling lower: Total well completions of 627 in February 2015 were down 40% y/y. However, fracturing-intenstive gas well completion activity is stronger on a relative basis, down only 9% y/y, versus oil well completions, which are down 46% y/y. • Licensing weakest since 2009: With just 491 licenses issued, February was the weakest month for total well licensing since April 2009. All values in CAD unless otherwise noted. Fraser Phillips, P.Eng. (Analyst) (416) 842-7859; [email protected] Steve Bristo, CFA (Associate) February activity reflects the impact of E&P capex cuts Uranium Weekly Ux spot price unchanged at $39.25/lb; TradeTech up $0.50/lb to $39.00/lb 13 (416) 842-7826; [email protected] Thomas Klein (Associate) (416) 842-5339; [email protected] All values in USD unless otherwise noted. • Ux spot price indicator was unchanged at $39.25/lb and TradeTech was up $0.50/ lb to $39.00/lb. • Ux term price indicator was unchanged at $49.00/lb, and TradeTech was unchanged at $50.00/lb (quoted monthly at month-end). • Uranium Participation Corp. (UPC) traded down 0.4% over the past week to close at C$5.61 per share (vs. S&P/TSX -2.7%). • We estimate UPC is discounting a uranium price of $33.55/lb, a 14.5% discount to spot. Last week we estimated that UPC discounted a uranium price of $34.22/ lb, a 12.8% discount to the then-prevailing spot price. • We rate Uranium Participation Corp. Outperform with a target price of C$6.50 per share. In-Depth Reports RBCCM Global Research (Analyst) (416) 842-7800; [email protected] 2015 RBC Capital Markets’ Financial Institutions Conference Jon G. Arfstrom (Analyst) (612) 373-1785; [email protected] • This document is a compilation of the notes published by five RBC analysts with insight from one-on-one meetings and panel discussions with senior management from Financial Services companies participating on Day 1 of RBC Capital Markets’ Financial Institutions Conference, held on March 10, 2015, in New York City. Jason Arnold, CFA (Analyst) (415) 633-8594; [email protected] Eric N. Berg, CPA (Analyst) (212) 618-7593; [email protected] Updates from Day 1 Gerard Cassidy (Analyst) (207) 780-1554; [email protected] Jake Civiello (Analyst) (617) 725-2152; [email protected] Mark A. Dwelle, CFA (Analyst) (804) 782-4008; [email protected] Joe Morford (Analyst) (415) 633-8518; [email protected] Robert Noble, CFA (Analyst) +44 20 7029 0786; [email protected] Bulent Ozcan, CFA (Analyst) (212) 863-4818; [email protected] Darko Mihelic, CFA (Analyst) 416 842 4128; [email protected] Canadian Banks Brendon Sattich (Associate) 416 842 7804; [email protected] • Core cash EPS were mixed versus our estimates in Q1/15. Core cash EPS better than expected for CM and NA and lower than forecast for BMO and BNS. TD’s EPS was essentially in line with our expectations. Following Q1/15 results, we decreased our price target to $66 from $67 for BNS. Our price target for CM increased to $98 from $97. All of our other price targets for the large Canadian banks were unchanged. We also note that Q1/15 did not show signs of oil & gas related credit issues. Vanessa Wan (Associate) 416 842 5638; [email protected] All values in CAD unless otherwise noted. Thesis slightly more negative after Q1/15 due to capital volatility 14 Required disclosures Non-U.S. analyst disclosure Victoria McCulloch;Nathan Piper;Al Stanton;Haydn Rodgers;Adam Naughton;Irene Nattel;Martin Gravel;Alex Carette;Mark J. Friesen;Ben Holton;Steve Arthur;Walter Spracklin;Derek Spronck;Anthony Jin;Fraser Phillips;Chris Drew;Timothy Huff;Des Kilalea;Richard Hatch;Ioannis Masvoulas;Paul Hissey;Ken Tham;Robert Noble;Neil Downey;Kevin Cheng;Michael Smith;Ben Halm;Paul C. Quinn;Hamir Patel;Stephen D. Walker;Mark Mihaljevic;Elizabeth Gao;Sam Crittenden;Wayne Lam;Robert Kwan;Michelle Zuliani;Wen Tian;Michael Harvey;Luke Davis;Nelson Ng;Kelsey Roste;Dan MacDonald;Matthew McKellar;Dan Rollins;Erin Lytollis;Darko Mihelic;Brendon Sattich;Vanessa Wan;Steve Bristo;Thomas Klein;Cameron Klutke;Jonathan Guy;David Yu;Andrew D. Wong;Douglas Miehm;Fred Garcia (i) are not registered/qualified as research analysts with the NYSE and/or FINRA and (ii) may not be associated persons of the RBC Capital Markets, LLC and therefore may not be subject to FINRA Rule 2711 and NYSE Rule 472 restrictions on communications with a subject company, public appearances and trading securities held by a research analyst account. Conflicts disclosures This product constitutes a compendium report (covers six or more subject companies). As such, RBC Capital Markets chooses to provide specific disclosures for the subject companies by reference. To access current disclosures for the subject companies, clients should refer to https://www.rbccm.com/GLDisclosure/PublicWeb/DisclosureLookup.aspx?entityId=1 or send a request to RBC CM Research Publishing, P.O. Box 50, 200 Bay Street, Royal Bank Plaza, 29th Floor, South Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5J 2W7. Please note that current conflicts disclosures may differ from those as of the publication date on, and as set forth in, this report. The analyst(s) responsible for preparing this research report received compensation that is based upon various factors, including total revenues of the member companies of RBC Capital Markets and its affiliates, a portion of which are or have been generated by investment banking activities of the member companies of RBC Capital Markets and its affiliates. Distribution of ratings For the purpose of ratings distributions, regulatory rules require member firms to assign ratings to one of three rating categories - Buy, Hold/Neutral, or Sell - regardless of a firm's own rating categories. 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