Canadian Research at a Glance
Transcription
Canadian Research at a Glance
EQUITY RESEARCH CANADIAN RESEARCH AT A GLANCE April 9, 2015 Price Target Revisions ! Torex Gold Resources Inc. Summary Execution key to keeping development of El Limon-Guajes fully funded Summary Q2/15 Results in Line with Strength Abroad offsetting Revenue Softness in Canada Summary Q1/15 Preview: Expect a small loss Summary Lower production expected to mask cost tailwinds Summary Strong Q1 GAP YoY bodes well for 2015 Summary Q2/15 preview - Looking through a mixed quarter at a better H2/15 and F2016 First Glance Notes ! Cogeco Cable Inc. Earnings Preview ! Capstone Mining Corp. ! NA Precious Metal Equities: Q1/15 Preview Company Comments ! Ritchie Bros. Auctioneers ! Shaw Communications Inc. Industry Comments ! Intermediate Oil Sands and E&P ! Summary Weekly Valuation Tables Mobile & Cloud Networking: Small/ Summary mid-cap selectivity; growth over recomposition RBC Flight Deck Summary ! ! RBC International E&P Daily ! Turnin' to the Right - Canadian Cdn Airline Q1/15 preview: Prefer Air Canada Summary PMO; FOGL; ENQ; MVN; AMER Summary Slowdown deepens in March Oilfield Services Insights Technical Research ! It's All Relative Summary Priced as of prior day's market close, EST (unless otherwise noted). For Required Non-U.S. Analyst and Conflicts Disclosures, see Page 10. EQUITY RESEARCH U.S. RESEARCH AT A GLANCE April 9, 2015 Price Target Revisions ! CA Inc. ! Family Dollar Stores, Inc. ! Sensata Technologies N.V. Summary Reducing estimates and price target on lower new product sales and FX Summary 2Q hurt by tough Feb weather; March sales improved, deal close approaching Summary Expect Upside to 2015 EPS Guide Summary Thoughts from Management Meetings Summary Idebenone Fast Track Designation for DMD Sets Stage for Mid-2015 NDA Submission Summary Lower production expected to mask cost tailwinds Summary 1Q15 Earnings Preview; Strong Operational Growth Ahead Summary In-line quarter; outlook unchanged Summary Sells Australian Assets for $2.1B; Valuation Reflects Current Commodity Prices Summary Thoughts on Recent Stock Move and Investor Sentiment. Summary Thoughts on the Initial Hearing on U.S. Federal Appeals Circuit (MRVL vs. CMU) Summary Strong Q1 GAP YoY bodes well for 2015 Summary Management dinner takeaways - recent changes could lead to opportunity Summary 1Q15 Earnings Preview: CRM Faces Increased Competitive Headwinds ! HIMSS15 Preview ! Mobile & Cloud Networking: Small/ Summary Interoperability, Consumerism and Demand Gap to Dominate the Discussion ! ! Specialty Pharmaceuticals Summary PMO; FOGL; ENQ; MVN; AMER Summary MYL for PRGO makes strategic sense but so does TEVA for MYL - our analysis First Glance Notes ! Devon Energy Corporation ! Santhera Pharmaceuticals Holding AG Earnings Preview ! NA Precious Metal Equities: Q1/15 Preview Company Comments ! Abbott Laboratories ! Alcoa Inc. ! Apache Corporation ! EMC Corporation ! Marvell Technology Group Ltd. ! Ritchie Bros. Auctioneers ! Sagent Pharmaceuticals Inc ! St. Jude Medical, Inc. Industry Comments mid-cap selectivity; growth over recomposition RBC International E&P Daily Summary Technical Research ! It's All Relative Summary In-Depth Reports ! Bank M&A: A Tradition Unlike Any Summary Screening for potential small-cap bank consolidation candidates Other 2 EQUITY RESEARCH UK & European Research at a Glance April 9, 2015 Earnings Preview ! NA Precious Metal Equities: Q1/15 Summary Lower production expected to mask cost tailwinds Preview Industry Comments ! Mobile & Cloud Networking: Small/ Summary mid-cap selectivity; growth over recomposition Technical Research ! It's All Relative Summary Find our Research at: RBC Insight (www.rbcinsight.com): RBC's global research destination on the web. Contact your RBC Capital Markets' sales representative to access our global research site, or use our iPad App "RBC Research" Thomson Reuters (www.thomsononeanalytics.com) Bloomberg (RBCR GO) SNL Financial (www.snl.com) FactSet (www.factset.com) 3 Price Target Revisions Torex Gold Resources Inc.(TSX: TXG; 1.08) Dan Rollins, CFA (Analyst) (416) 842-9893; [email protected] Mark Mihaljevic (Associate) (416) 842-3804; [email protected] 1.80 52 WEEKS 14MAR14 - 06MAR15 1.60 Rating: Outperform Risk Qualifier: Speculative Risk Price Target: 1.85 ▼ 2.00 Execution key to keeping development of El Limon-Guajes fully funded We believe Torex should be able to fund the development of El Limon-Guajes internally. However, there appears to be little room for error based on remaining upfront capital and projected liquidity. While we acknowledge the elevated risk associated with Torex at this time, we believe the risk/reward opportunity is skewed to the upside. 1.40 1.20 1.00 60000 40000 20000 M A M Close J J 2014 A S O N D J 2015 F M Rel. S&P/TSX COMPOSITE INDEXMA 40 weeks EPS, Adj Diluted Prev. 2014A (0.04)↓ (0.03) 2015E (0.04)↓ (0.03) 2016E (0.06)↑ (0.08) 2017E 0.00 P/E All market data in CAD; all financial data in USD; dividends paid in CAD. • Development of El Limon-Guajes appears fully funded at this time • We believe Torex should be able to fully fund the development of its El LimonGuajes project assuming no further cost escalation and/or delays occur. • Little room for cost escalation and/or delays • With a minimum of $20–25M in unrestricted cash likely needed during the construction, commissioning and ramp-up phases, we believe Torex has little room for error. As such, delivering El Limon-Guajes on time and on budget will be key to mitigating any potential funding deficiencies. • Additional capital flexibility could be gained should Torex successfully arrange a $25M equipment financing, gain access to $45M in restricted cash prior to commercial production and/or receive VAT refunds quicker than currently assumed. In addition, a smooth start-up could bolster the level of precommercial revenues during the ramp-up phase. • Securing additional financing would enhance capital flexibility • Given the potential for unforeseen challenges during the commissioning and ramp-up phases, we believe it may be prudent for Torex to secure additional capital. • Risk/reward opportunity skewed to the upside • We reiterate our Outperform, Speculative Risk recommendation as we believe Torex's risk/reward balance is skewed to the upside given an implied 71% return to our target price and potential re-rating as El Limon-Guajes transitions to full production over the next 12–18 months. First Glance Notes Drew McReynolds, CFA, CA (Analyst) (416) 842-3805; [email protected] Jie He (Associate) 416 842 4123; [email protected] Haran Posner (Analyst) (416) 842-7832; [email protected] Cogeco Cable Inc.(TSX: CCA; 71.01) Rating: Outperform Q2/15 Results in Line with Strength Abroad offsetting Revenue Softness in Canada • Q2/15 operating results largely in line. Consolidated revenues and EBITDA of $509MM (+4.8% YoY) and $231MM (+4.4%), respectively, were largely in line with our estimates of $511MM and $234MM (consensus was $507MM and $231MM). Consolidated EBITDA margins were 45.4%, versus our estimate of 45.7% and 45.6% in Q2/14. Adjusted EPS of $1.21 was below our $1.33 estimate (consensus was $1.30) due to the modest EBITDA variance and slightly higher taxes and interest costs. • Modest upward guidance revisions in line with our forecast. Management made modest upward revisions to F2015 guidance reflecting updated FX assumptions. 4 52 WEEKS 14MAR14 - 06MAR15 75.00 70.00 65.00 • What to look for on the 11:00am ET conference call (#800-524-8950; code: 3132273#). (i) more granularity on the deceleration in revenue growth in Canadian Cable including TiVo traction and pricing dynamics; and (ii) the sustainability of the sequential up-tick in Enterprise margins. 60.00 55.00 900 600 300 M A M J Close J 2014 A S O N D J 2015 F M Rel. S&P/TSX COMPOSITE INDEXMA 40 weeks All values in CAD unless otherwise noted. Earnings Preview Capstone Mining Corp.(TSX: CS; 1.31) Fraser Phillips, P.Eng. (Analyst) (416) 842-7859; [email protected] Wen Tian, CFA (Associate) (416) 842-4126; [email protected] Thomas Klein (Associate) (416) 842-5339; [email protected] Steve Bristo, CFA (Associate) (416) 842-7826; [email protected] Rating: Price Target: Q1/15 Preview: Expect a small loss 52 WEEKS 14MAR14 - 06MAR15 2.80 2.40 2.00 1.60 1.20 20000 15000 10000 5000 M A M J Close J 2014 A S O Sector Perform 1.75 N D J 2015 F Rel. S&P/TSX COMPOSITE INDEXMA 40 weeks EPS, Adj Diluted 2014A 0.13 2015E (0.05) 2016E 0.12 2017E 0.21 All market data in CAD; all financial data in USD. Dan Rollins, CFA (Analyst) (416) 842-9893; [email protected] Stephen D. Walker (Analyst) (416) 842-4120; [email protected] Sam Crittenden, P.Eng., CFA (Analyst) (416) 842-7886; [email protected] Jonathan Guy (Analyst) +44 20 7653 4603; [email protected] M Capstone will release its Q1/15 production results on April 13th before market open and financial results on April 28th after market close. We forecast a quarterly loss of $0.03 for Q1/15 and expect unit costs to increase slightly. We look for an update on progress with Minto's permitting delays, Pinto Valley's PV3 PFS and Santo Domingo's EIA. • Earnings expected to decrease QoQ: We forecast Q1/15 EPS of ($0.03), generally in-line with consensus of ($0.02) and down from $0.04 in Q4/14. We expect sequential weakness in Capstone's quarterly earnings given declining commodity prices and increasing operating costs. • Q1/15 negatively affected by lower commodity prices; production mixed among different commodities: During the quarter, copper, zinc, lead and moly prices decreased by 12%, 7%, 10% and 9% QoQ. We expect the company to produce 48.4Mlbs of copper in Q1, down 3% QoQ and 19% YoY. We expect zinc, moly, gold and silver production to increase QoQ, partially offsetting the small decrease in copper production. • Q1/15 cost expected to increase QoQ: Our estimated average cost increased to US$2.14/t for Q1/15 from US$1.88/t for Q4/14. We also expect capex to increase slightly to US$33M in Q1/15 compared with US$31M in Q4/14. • Catalysts for 2015: Capstone is expected to receive the Environmental Impact Assessment for Santo Domingo during Q2/15. The company is also expected to complete the Pinto Valley Phase 3 pre-feasibility study in Q3/15. For Minto, we believe the permitting delays and the current cost structure could threaten closure of the mine. Receipt of required permits and the start of pre-stripping at Minto North could be a positive catalyst for the shares. • Estimate revisions: We have updated our model to incorporate actual metal prices and foreign exchange rates for Q1/15. Our Q1/15 EPS estimate increases from ($0.04) to ($0.03). NA Precious Metal Equities: Q1/15 Preview NA Precious Metal Equities: Q1/15 Preview Financial results expected to be mixed quarter-over-quarter We expect financial results to be mixed quarter-over-quarter, with some companies reporting stronger results and others weaker results. From an industrywide perspective, seasonal weakness is expected to impact operational results. Although we anticipate that precious metal producers will begin to benefit from the initial impact of lower oil prices and weaker currencies, we expect these 5 tailwinds could be masked by the natural lag effect through supply chains and lower anticipated grades from a majority of the companies in our coverage universe. After two years in "survival mode", we expect investors will begin to look for companies which can generate improving fundamentals within the current price environment. Be it through "smart" M&A, exploration and/or growth projects, companies that can deliver improving fundamentals while keeping balance sheets in good stead are likely to benefit from increased investor interest. Q1/15 themes and drivers • • • • • Aggregate production expected to decline ~8% Pressure on grades expected to continue Impact of lower fuel prices/currencies likely to be masked Costs expected to increase over 4% Aggregate net debt expected to decline 3.5% Positive and negative surprise potential for Q1/15 • Positive: Agnico-Eagle, B2Gold, and Klondex • Negative: Detour, IAMGOLD, and Kinross • Potential dividend cuts: Alamos and Pan American Company Comments Ritchie Bros. Auctioneers(NYSE: RBA; 25.68; TSX: RBA) Sara O'Brien, CFA, CA (Analyst) (514) 878-7256; [email protected] Juliane Szeto (Associate) (416) 842-3806; [email protected] Rating: Price Target: 52 WEEKS 14MAR14 - 06MAR15 27.00 Outperform 31.00 Strong Q1 GAP YoY bodes well for 2015 We believe new management's strategy to expand geographically and across channels will be successful. We expect RBA will see top-line growth in the 10% range driving operating leverage and double-digit earnings growth from 2016. RBA’s FCF exceeds earnings, and with its under-levered balance sheet (net cash position) we view these as supportive to the company’s premium valuation multiple. 26.00 25.00 24.00 23.00 22.00 4000 3000 2000 1000 M A M Close 2013A 2014A 2015E 2016E J J 2014 A S O N Rel. S&P 500 EBITDA Prev. EV/EBITDA 164.4 16.0x 188.6 14.1x 204.2↑ 199.8 13.0x 237.4↑ 232.4 11.2x All values in USD unless otherwise noted. Drew McReynolds, CFA, CA (Analyst) (416) 842-3805; [email protected] Jie He (Associate) 416 842 4123; [email protected] Haran Posner (Analyst) D J 2015 F MA 40 weeks M • Strong Q1/15 GAP up 12% YoY despite FX headwinds from Canada. RBA reported Q1/15 gross auction proceeds (GAP) at a strong $955M up 12% YoY while Q1/15 LTM GAP was a historical record at $4.3B. Given ~30% of GAP is CAD facing FX headwinds, we view Q1 GAP results as very strong. While Q1 is seasonally a weaker quarter for RBA (as well as Q3), we view initial Q1 pricing and volume trends as positive for 2015. • Continue to expect EBITDA margin expansion from operating leverage. Recall, with RBA's majority fixed cost base and management focus on expense control, we expect EBITDA margin to expand as top line grows over time. We expect Q1 EBITDA will see solid gains YoY as the underwritten contract at Casper crane auction was a success to RBA. • RBC Q1 EPS estimate of $0.15 is above Street of $0.14, up 15% YoY. We see Q1 growth driven by positive Q1/15 GAP of $955M up 12% and margin expansion. We expect EBITDA margin of 32.2% up 350bps YoY. • Next auction watch list - Houston and Edmonton. RBA's next big auctions are its two day Houston auction April 15-16th and four day Edmonton auction in late April. We expect these will be a good indication of pricing trends from larger supply of oil service related equipment. • RBA reports Q1/15 on Thursday May 7, after market close with conference call May 8. Shaw Communications Inc.(TSX: SJR.B; 28.74; NYSE: SJR) Rating: Price Target: Sector Perform 30.00 6 Q2/15 preview - Looking through a mixed quarter at a better H2/15 and F2016 (416) 842-7832; [email protected] 52 WEEKS 14MAR14 - 06MAR15 30.00 28.00 26.00 7500 6000 4500 3000 1500 M A M Close 2013A 2014A 2015E 2016E J J 2014 A S O N D J 2015 F Rel. S&P/TSX COMPOSITE INDEXMA 40 weeks Revenue Prev. 5,142.0 5,239.0 5,580.6↑ 5,572.0 5,773.6↑ 5,758.0 All values in CAD unless otherwise noted. M Shaw will report Q2/15 results on Tuesday, April 14th and will host a conference call at 3:30pm ET (dial-in #1-800-319-4610). • A relative safe haven for investors concerned with increased wireless competition. We see an improving near-term outlook for Shaw reflecting an easing in the rate of IPTV-driven basic cable subscriber losses, the positive impact of price increases, a potential uptick in business market growth and a bumpup in FCF in F2016E with the completion of the accelerated capital fund. This outlook combined with a more reasonable valuation (7.9x FTM EV/EBITDA versus the group average of 6.8x) and an attractive 4.1% dividend yield should provide a relative safe haven for investors concerned with increased wireless competition. Longer-term, we remain concerned with the growth prospects for media and satellite (~35% of revenue) given rising structural headwinds. • Expecting a mixed Q2/15 but a better H2/15. For Q2/15, we expect revenue and EBITDA of $1,364MM (+7.0% YoY) and $571MM (+8.1%), respectively, slightly above consensus of $1,352MM and $561MM. We expect Q2/15 to be mixed reflecting the timing of price increases (delayed to January 1, 2015), additional cost savings (H2/15 weighted) and improvements in business network services under new leadership. Our Q2/15 forecast factors in: (i) total RGU net additions (consumer and business) of zero (versus -1k in Q2/14) comprising Internet +13k, telephony +4k, satellite -4k and basic cable -13k (these estimates exclude the one-time negative RGU impact of eliminating the 30-day cancellation period January 15th); and (ii) revenue and EBITDA from business infrastructure services (ViaWest) of $68MM and $27MM, respectively. Industry Comments Mark J. Friesen, CFA (Analyst) (403) 299-2389; [email protected] Intermediate Oil Sands and E&P Weekly Valuation Tables Pablo Orozco (Associate) (403) 299-7434; [email protected] • Commentary will resume at the end of the week. • We have made minor adjustments to our BTE and MEG models. Please refer to our changes table on page 11 for details. Mark Sue (Analyst) (212) 428-6491; [email protected] Mobile & Cloud Networking: Small/mid-cap selectivity; growth over recomposition Ameet Prabhu (Associate) (212) 618-3330; [email protected] Spencer Green (Associate) (212) 858-7153; [email protected] All values in USD unless otherwise noted. • Our investment priorities are growth segments of cloud networking and mobile and our favorite small/mid-cap growth stocks heading into 2Q are: Arista, MobileIron and Ruckus Wireless. We’re opportunistic on recompositions: Brocade, Ciena and Finisar as they drive increasing revenues from data-center build-outs. Massive data-center growth is being supplemented by smaller, regionally focused cloud repositories and we’re starting to see data-centers of all sizes emerging globally; a long-tail growth opportunity for select vendors. • Growth themes. Mobile device management (MDM) and voice-over Wi-Fi are two growth themes best played via MobileIron (target $13) and Ruckus (target $16). Smartphone ubiquity and MDM stability is giving way to ASP increases in the emerging EMM market. Aruba's acquisition by HP may open up new partnership opportunities for Ruckus, while a focus on voice over Wi-Fi quality differentiates Ruckus at carriers. • Stocks we like on pull-backs. In small/mid-cap, we like Brocade (12x CY16E EPS) with new IP storage switching opportunities on top of steady SAN trends and shareholder returns; with the stock close to our $13 target. There’s carrier consolidation delay, telco spending pause and cord cutting/shaving impact-related overhang on Arris (9x CY16E EPS), yet we see spending ramps post deal-close with upgrade cycles and potential shareholder returns on deck. Ciena’s diversifying beyond telco projects with hyper-scale data-center customers contributing ~10% of revenues and its fastest growth. For Finisar, datacom contributes 77% of its top-line with +16% YoY growth expected in FY16, consistent with broader data-center spend growth rates. 7 Walter Spracklin, CFA (Analyst) (416) 842-7877; [email protected] RBC Flight Deck Derek Spronck (Analyst) (416) 842-7833; [email protected] • Air Canada - strong March caps off to a better than expected Q1...looking for a strong Q1 beat. March traffic came in very strong for AC. This led to Q1 traffic up 10.9% (well ahead of our 8%), on capacity of 9.3%. With fares (according to our RBC Fare Tracker) starting to pick up late in the quarter, we are increasing our Q1/15 EBITDAR of $361MM (up from our previous $328MM), well above consensus of $319MM. • WestJet not as strong, lowering estimates. WJA traffic came in below expectations and did not keep up with capacity, resulting in declining load factors. Q1/15 traffic was up 2.8% vs. our 3.5%, on capacity growth of 4.7%. Nevertheless, the stock is cheap and consensus estimates appear reasonable. Our Q1/15 EBITDAR for WestJet goes to $313MM (down from $317MM) vs. consensus $311MM. • Implication is simple - Rouge is working. When we look deeper into the numbers, the implication in our view is clear: Rouge is allowing AC to offer a more competitive product that is gaining market share on lower cost capacity. Adjusting long-range estimates and targets. We are adjusting our estimates mainly to account for the move higher in the CAD adjusted price of fuel: Steve Arthur, CFA (Analyst) (416) 842-7844; [email protected] Anthony Jin, CFA, P.Eng. (Analyst) (416) 842-5338; [email protected] All values in EUR unless otherwise noted. Cdn Airline Q1/15 preview: Prefer Air Canada • AC - target to $17 (from $18); maintain Outperform, Speculative Risk • WJA target to $35 (from $38); maintain Outperform • CHR - maintain $7 target and Outperform Nathan Piper (Analyst) +44 131 222 3649; [email protected] RBC International E&P Daily Al Stanton (Analyst) +44 131 222 3638; [email protected] PMO.L/FOGL.L: Start drilling Isobel Deep; ENQ.L: EnQuest Producer departs for Alma/Galia field; MVN.V: Loma Montosa Play De-risked; AMER.L: Director Buying PMO; FOGL; ENQ; MVN; AMER Haydn Rodgers, CA (Associate) +44 131 222 4911; [email protected] Victoria McCulloch, CA (Analyst) +44 131 222 4909; [email protected] Adam Naughton (Associate) +441312223695; [email protected] All values in USD unless otherwise noted. Dan MacDonald, CFA (Analyst) (403) 299-2394; [email protected] Turnin' to the Right - Canadian Oilfield Services Insights Matthew McKellar (Associate) 403 299 5045; [email protected] The full impact of throttled back E&P spending was felt in March, with drilling and completions activity down 63% and 53% y/y, respectively. Operationally, it is unlikely to get any better until 1Q16, but we see some stocks discounting this outlook fairly well at current levels. A notable positive is service intensity per well, with average days to drill and metres/well both up y/y, due to continuing secular trends in addition to changes in well type mix as drilling programs continue to evolve with commodity prices. All values in CAD unless otherwise noted. Slowdown deepens in March We note several important trends: • Increased service intensity per well: Average days to drill in Western Canada YTD is ~13.6, up 19.5% y/y, with the largest increase in Alberta at 33.8%. As well, average meters/well is up 12% YTD at 2,523m, with both AB and SK seeing increases while BC is down 3.1%. • Drilling activity continues to decline: Total wells drilled were down 46% in 1Q15 and 63% in March y/y on a rig released basis. This quarter was the lowest level of drilling activity since 2009. • Oil well completions activity tracking drilling lower: Well completions of 538 in March 2015 were down 53% y/y. However, fracturing-intensive gas well 8 completion activity in March was flat versus last year, while oil well completions were down 65%. Total 1Q15 completions of 1,799 were down 36% y/y. Technical Research Robert Sluymer, CFA (Analyst) (212) 858-7066; [email protected] Anna Drotman (Associate) (212) 858-7065; [email protected] It's All Relative OVERVIEW • Equity indexes remain range bound above key support near the March lows for the SPX and the 2014 break-out for small-caps • Group Highlights: (+) Internet, Software, IT Services, select Retail, Aerospace (-) REITS, Machinery • Growth/Momentum ideas: (+) UA, M, AMZN, PCLN, GPN, BA • Bottoming/Emerging ideas: GT, SWI, ADSK, SWI, CDNS FEATURED CHARTS • DISCRETIONARY (+) Select Retail: UA leadership intact, M reaccelerating. (+) Internet continues to improve with AMZN and PCLN beginning to rally from its 50-dma. (+) Discretionary laggards showing early signs of bottoming/improving: GT, HOG. • TECHNOLOGY (+) Software & IT Services continue to outperform/accelerate: ADSK, CRM, SWI, CNDS, GPN, EQIX • INDUSTRIALS (+) Aerospace: BA beginning to rally from trading support at its 50dma (-) Machinery continues to lag: CMI, LECO, VMI • FINANCIALS (-) REITs pullback/correction broadening to more names making new relative lows as illustrated by DRE, GGP and VNO. 9 Required disclosures Non-U.S. analyst disclosure Nathan Piper;Al Stanton;Haydn Rodgers;Victoria McCulloch;Adam Naughton;Dan Rollins;Stephen D. Walker;Sam Crittenden;Jonathan Guy;Drew McReynolds;Jie He;Haran Posner;Mark J. Friesen;Pablo Orozco ;Dan MacDonald;Matthew McKellar;Fraser Phillips;Wen Tian;Thomas Klein;Steve Bristo;Sara O'Brien;Juliane Szeto;Mark Mihaljevic;Walter Spracklin;Derek Spronck;Steve Arthur;Anthony Jin (i) are not registered/qualified as research analysts with the NYSE and/or FINRA and (ii) may not be associated persons of the RBC Capital Markets, LLC and therefore may not be subject to FINRA Rule 2711 and NYSE Rule 472 restrictions on communications with a subject company, public appearances and trading securities held by a research analyst account. Conflicts disclosures This product constitutes a compendium report (covers six or more subject companies). As such, RBC Capital Markets chooses to provide specific disclosures for the subject companies by reference. To access current disclosures for the subject companies, clients should refer to https://www.rbccm.com/GLDisclosure/PublicWeb/DisclosureLookup.aspx?entityId=1 or send a request to RBC CM Research Publishing, P.O. 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