Lesson 2 | Asexual Reproduction

Lesson 2 | Asexual Reproduction
Student Labs and Activities
Page
Appropriate For:
Launch Lab
28
all students
Content Vocabulary ELL
29
all students
Lesson Outline ELL
30
all students
MiniLab
32
all students
Content Practice A
33
AL
AL
AL
Content Practice B
34
AL
OL
BL
School to Home
35
Key Concept Builders
36
Enrichment
40
Challenge
41
AL
AL
BL
Lab A
44
AL
AL
AL
Lab B
47
AL
OL
BL
Lab C
50
AL
AL
BL
Chapter Key Concepts Builder
51
AL
AL
AL
Lesson Quiz A
42
AL
AL
AL
Lesson Quiz B
43
AL
OL
BL
Chapter Test A
52
AL
AL
AL
Chapter Test B
55
AL
OL
AL
Chapter Test C
58
AL
AL
BL
all students
AL
AL
AL
all students
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Assessment
Teacher Support
Answers (with Lesson Outlines)
AL Approaching Level
T4
OL On Level
BL Beyond Level
ELL English-Language Learner
Teacher evaluation will determine which activities to use or modify to meet any ELL student’s proficiency level.
Reproduction of Organisms
27
Name
Date
Launch Lab
Class
LESSON 2: 20 minutes
How do yeast reproduce?
Some organisms can produce offspring without meiosis or fertilization. You can observe this
process when you add sugar and warm water to dried yeast.
Procedure
1. Read and complete a lab safety form.
2. Pour 125 mL of water into a beaker.
The water should be at a temperature
of 34°C.
3. Add 5 g of sugar and 5 g of yeast to
the water. Stir slightly. Record your
observations after 5 minutes in your
Science Journal.
4. Using a dropper, put a drop of the
yeast solution on a microscope slide.
Place a coverslip over the drop.
5. View the yeast solution under a
microscope. Draw what you see in
your Science Journal.
Think About This
1. What evidence did you observe that yeast reproduce?
28
Key Concept How do you think this process differs from sexual reproduction?
Reproduction of Organisms
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2.
Name
Date
Class
Content Vocabulary
LESSON 2
Asexual Reproduction
Directions: Write the correct term in the boxes to the right of each definition. Then unscramble the letters from
the shaded boxes to spell an eighth term.
asexual reproduction
budding
cloning
culture
fission
potential
regeneration
vegetative reproduction
1. cell division in prokaryotes
2. a type of asexual reproduction in
which a new organism grows on
the body of the parent organism
3. the process of growing living tissue
in a laboratory
4. possibility
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
5. asexual reproduction in which a
new organism grows from a piece
of its parent
6. the production of offspring by one
parent without meiosis and
fertilization
7. asexual reproduction by plants
8. When they are unscrambled, the letters in the shaded boxes spell
, which is the process of making identical individuals.
Reproduction of Organisms
29
Name
Date
Class
Lesson Outline
LESSON 2
Asexual Reproduction
A. What is asexual reproduction?
1. In
, one parent organism produces offspring without
meiosis and fertilization.
2. Because the offspring of asexual reproduction inherit all their DNA from one
parent, they are genetically
parent.
to each other and their
B. Types of Asexual Reproduction
1. Cell division in prokaryotes is known as
.
2. During fission, DNA is
and the cell splits to form two
identical offspring. The original cell no longer exists.
3. Many unicellular
reproduce by mitotic cell division. In
this type of asexual reproduction, an organism forms two offspring through
mitosis and
4. In
.
, a new organism grows on the body of its parent
by mitosis and cell division. When the bud becomes
enough, it can break from the parent and live on its own.
occurs when an offspring grows from a piece of its
parent.
a. Sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, and planarians can
through regeneration.
b. Many animals can
damaged or lost body parts.
This is not reproduction;
6.
are not produced.
is a form of asexual reproduction in which offspring
grow from a part of a parent plant.
7.
is a type of asexual reproduction developed
by scientists and performed in laboratories. It produces
individuals from a cell or from a cluster of cells taken from a multicellular
organism.
8. Using a cloning method called
, plant growers and
scientists can use a meristem to make a copy of a plant with desirable traits.
9. Because all of a clone’s
come from one parent, the
clone is a genetic copy of its parent.
30
Reproduction of Organisms
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
5.
Name
Date
Class
Lesson Outline continued
10. Asexual reproduction enables organisms to reproduce without
a(n)
.
11. Asexual reproduction also enables some organisms to rapidly produce a large
number of
.
12. Asexual reproduction produces offspring that are genetically identical to each other
and to their
. This results in minimal genetic
within a population.
13. Genetic variation is important because it can give organisms a better chance
of
if the environment changes.
14. Genetic changes, called
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
, can occur and then be passed
to offspring; this can affect the offspring’s ability to survive.
Reproduction of Organisms
31
Name
Date
MiniLab
Class
LESSON 2: 15 minutes
What parts of plants can grow?
You probably know that plants can grow from seeds. But you might be surprised to learn
that other parts of plants can grow and produce a new plant.
Procedure
1. Carefully examine the photos of
vegetative reproduction shown in your
textbook.
2. Create a data chart in your Science
Journal to record your observations.
Identify which part of the plant (leaf,
stem, etc.) would be used to grow a
new plant.
Analyze and Conclude
1. Explain How is the vegetative reproduction you observed a type of asexual
reproduction?
2. Infer how farmers or gardeners might use vegetative reproduction.
32
Key Concept Describe a method you might use to produce a new plant using
vegetative reproduction.
Reproduction of Organisms
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
3.
Name
Date
Class
Content Practice A
LESSON 2
Asexual Reproduction
Directions: On each line, write the term from the word bank that correctly completes each sentence. Each term
is used only once.
asexual reproduction
budding
cloning
fission
genetically identical
mitotic cell division
nucleus
regeneration
tissue culture
vegetative reproduction
1. In all types of
, one parent organism produces offspring
without meiosis or fertilization.
2. When offspring inherit all of their DNA from one parent, they
are
.
3. Cell division in prokaryotes is known as
.
4. Many unicellular eukaryotes reproduce by dividing into two offspring through mitosis
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
and cell division. This form of reproduction is known as
5. In
.
, a new organism grows on the body of its parent by
mitosis and cell division.
6. In animal
, a new animal grows from a piece of its parent.
7. A form of asexual reproduction in which offspring grow from a part of a parent plant
is called
.
8. A type of asexual reproduction that produces identical individuals from a cell or cluster
of cells taken from a multicellular organism is called
.
9. Some plants can be cloned from just a few cells using a technique that takes
a(n)
.
10. Some animals have been cloned using the
from a cell
in one parent.
Reproduction of Organisms
33
Name
Date
Class
Content Practice B
LESSON 2
Asexual Reproduction
Directions: On the line before each statement, write T if the statement is true or F if the statement is false. If the
statement is false, change the underlined word(s) to make it true. Write your changes on the lines provided.
1. Meiosis and fertilization are not a part of asexual reproduction.
2. A hydra grows a new hydra on its body using a form of asexual reproduction
called budding.
3. Cloning produces identical individuals from a cell or cluster of cells taken from
a unicellular organism.
4. In all types of sexual reproduction, offspring are produced by one parent
organism.
5. Some animals can grow a new limb in a process called regeneration.
plant is called vegetative reproduction.
7. A disadvantage of asexual reproduction is that the organisms can reproduce
without using the time and energy to find a mate.
8. Cell division in prokaryotes is known as mitotic cell division.
9. Some animals have been cloned using the cytoplasm from a cell in one parent.
10. Many unicellular eukaryotes reproduce by dividing into two offspring through
mitosis and cell division. This form of reproduction is known as mitotic cell
division.
34
Reproduction of Organisms
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6. A form of asexual reproduction in which offspring grow from a part of a parent
Name
Date
School to Home
Class
LESSON 2
Asexual Reproduction
Did you know?
Although most animals do not practice asexual reproduction, a few do. Flatworms,
a parasite in humans and other animals, can reproduce sexually or asexually.
In this activity, you will design an investigation of any type of asexual reproduction.
1. Write a Question Think about what interests you in the different ways organisms can
reproduce asexually. Write a question that will be the basis of your investigation.
2. Form a Hypothesis Based on what you know about asexual reproduction, what do you
think the answer to your investigation question will be? Write your hypothesis.
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3. Develop a Method Decide the best method to use to answer your investigation
question. What will you look for? Write your method.
4. Collect Data How will you measure the results? Describe your data-collection plan.
5. Plan for Problems Describe how you will deal with a potential problem with the
investigation.
Reproduction of Organisms
35
Name
Date
Class
Key Concept Builder
LESSON 2
Asexual Reproduction
Key Concept What is asexual reproduction, and why is it beneficial?
Directions: Respond to each statement on the lines provided.
1. Define asexual reproduction.
2. Explain why the offspring of asexual reproduction are genetically identical to each
other and to their parent.
4. Explain how plant cloning is useful for farmers and scientists.
5. Identify the two main advantages for organisms that reproduce asexually.
36
Reproduction of Organisms
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
3. List six types of asexual reproduction.
Name
Date
Class
Key Concept Builder
LESSON 2
Asexual Reproduction
Key Concept How do the types of asexual reproduction differ?
Directions: Complete the Venn diagram by writing features of fission on the left and mitotic cell division
on the right. Write what they have in common in the center.
1. Fission
2. Both
3. Mitotic cell division
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Directions: Respond to each statement in the space provided.
4. Draw a picture showing a hydra budding.
5. Explain how budding can produce new
organisms.
6. Draw a picture showing a planarian forming
two offspring by animal regeneration.
7. Explain how animal regeneration can
produce new organisms.
8. Draw a picture showing vegetative
reproduction.
9. Explain how vegetative reproduction can
produce new organisms.
Reproduction of Organisms
37
Name
Date
Key Concept Builder
Class
LESSON 2
Asexual Reproduction
Key Concept How do the types of asexual reproduction differ?
Directions: Put a check mark on the line before each phrase that applies to cloning.
1. a form of sexual reproduction
2. produces genetically identical offspring
3. a technique developed by scientists
4. occurs in nature
5. produces offspring from a cell or a cluster of cells
6. used by unicellular organisms
Directions: Place your response on the lines provided.
7. Based on your check marks above, write a paragraph that describes what cloning is.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
38
Reproduction of Organisms
Name
Date
Key Concept Builder
Class
LESSON 2
Asexual Reproduction
Key Concept How do the types of asexual reproduction differ?
Directions: Work with a partner to answer each question on the lines provided.
1. How has the definition of cloning changed from the past to today?
2. Which type of asexual reproduction in plants is most similar to animal regeneration?
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Explain your answer.
3. If a sea star grows a new arm, is the regeneration a form of asexual reproduction?
Explain your answer.
4. Why is growing a new plant from cloning different from vegetative reproduction?
Reproduction of Organisms
39
Name
Date
Enrichment
Class
LESSON 2
Clone from the past?
Cloning is a type of asexual reproduction
that produces offspring from cells taken
from a multicellular organism. Scientists
have successfully cloned sheep. But can
they produce a clone from an animal that
died more than 23,000 years ago?
temperatures that preserved the fossil also
severely damaged the chromosomes in the
mammoth’s body cells. Extreme cold had
burst the cells. There was not enough DNA
to clone the mammoth.
New Hope
The Woolly Mammoth
In 2007, scientists discovered yet
another mammoth in Siberia. “It’s a lovely
little baby mammoth indeed, found in
perfect condition,” said Alexei Tikhonov,
deputy director of the Russian Academy of
Science’s Zoological Institute. “This
specimen may provide unique material
allowing us to ultimately decipher the
genetic makeup of the mammoth.”
The baby mammoth, named Lyuba,
once again raised hopes of cloning a
mammoth. Dr. Ian Barnes of the University
of London stated that he now believes a
mammoth will be cloned in his lifetime.
Tikhonov, however, points out that
whole cells are needed for cloning. He is
doubtful that Lyuba’s cells, which endured
freezing temperatures, are intact. Other
scientists note that, even if a mammoth
is cloned, its natural habitat no longer
exists. They argue that it would be better
to spend time and resources preserving
endangered species that are now in danger
of extinction.
Applying Critical-Thinking Skills
Directions: Respond to each statement.
1. Explain the main obstacle to cloning the woolly mammoth.
2. Deduce the information that scientists might learn—other than genetic makeup—by
studying the remains of an extinct animal.
40
Reproduction of Organisms
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
In 1999, a helicopter pulled an
18-metric-ton block of ice and soil from
the ground in northern Siberia. Inside that
huge block were the frozen remains of a
woolly mammoth. Other mammoths had
been discovered before. But most were
fossilized bones and tusks. This mammoth,
called the Zharkov mammoth, was thought
at first to be well preserved. Some of its skin,
hair, and soft tissue appeared to be intact.
Scientists hoped to clone the woolly
mammoth by extracting DNA from its cells.
Studies have shown that mammoths have a
close genetic relationship with modern
elephants. So the mammoth’s DNA would
be placed in the egg cell of a female
elephant. The elephant would serve as a
substitute mother. Eventually, she would
give birth to a live woolly mammoth.
As the fossil was carefully thawed,
however, scientists found that only a
small fraction of its soft parts were intact.
Further study showed that the same cold
Name
Date
Challenge
Class
LESSON 2
Plant Reproduction
As you have learned, plants can reproduce asexually. In the space below, design an
experiment to grow a new plant using some type of asexual reproduction.
1. Decide which type of asexual reproduction you will investigate.
2. Form a hypothesis about how a new plant can be produced from a parent plant.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
3. Describe each step of your procedure.
4. List the materials you will use in your experiment.
5. Identify any safety measures you will take.
6. Perform the experiment with your teacher’s permission.
7. Summarize your results.
Reproduction of Organisms
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