Saqriani diabeti

ramaz yuraSvili, medicinis mecnierebaTa doqtori,
profesori, saqarTvelos diabetis centris direqtori.
Saqriani diabeti
#5
diabetiT dReisaTvis msoflioSi 194 mln. adamiania
daavadebuli. amasTan, yovel
erT adamianze, romelmac
icis Tavisi diagnozis Sesaxeb, modis erTi, romelmac
ar icis, rom diabeti aqvs. 194
mln.-dan 2/3-s tipi 2 Saqriani diabeti aqvs.
ra aris Saqriani diabeti?
diabeti qronikuli endokrinuli daavadebaa. igi viTardeba
kuWqveSa jirkvlis (pankreasis)
beta-ujredebis dazianebis Sedegad, romlis drosac aRar gamoiyofa insulinis saWiro raodenoba. insulinis gareSe organizmi ver iRebs misTvis aucilebel energias sakvebidan.
rogori saxis Saqriani diabeti arsebobs?
Saqriani diabeti
jandacvis msoflio organizaciis da diabetis saerTaSoriso federaciis mier miRebuli
axali klasifikaciis mixedviT,
diabeti 2 tipad iyofa:
tipi 1 diabeti (adre mas insulindamokidebuli diabeti
ewodeboda) - viTardeba, roca
kuWqveSa jirkvlis ujredebi,
romlebic insulins gamoimuSavebs, mTlianad an TiTqmis mTlianad nadgurdeba. zustad aravin icis, ratom nadgurdeba es
ujredebi, Tumca, iTvleba, rom
amis mizezi autoimunuri procesia (zogierTi mizeziT, imunuri
sistema pankreasis beta-ujredebs "ucxo sxeulebad" aRiqvams
da maTze ieriSi miaqvs).
iTvleba, rom autoimunuri
procesi "irTveba" erTi an ramdenime garemo faqtoris zemoqmedebiT im adamianebSi, romlebsac garkveuli ganwyoba aqvT mis
mimarT.
garemo faqtorebs SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT: virusuli an sxva infeqciuri daavadebebi, zogierTi qimiuri nivTiereba, mZime
stresebi.
tipi 1 diabeti, ZiriTadad,
emarTeba bavSvebsa da mozardebs. Tumca, bolo dros tipi 1
diabeti xSirad gvxvdeba asakovan adamianebSic.
tipi 2 diabeti (adre mas insulindamoukidebeli diabeti
ewodeboda),
an "xandazmuli
asakis" diabeti, radgan, ZiriTadad, 40 wlis Semdeg viTardeba. am dros adamianis kuWqveSa
jirkvali agrZelebs insulinis
gamoyofas, magram misi raodenoba arasakmarisia, an funqciebi
darRveulia (organizmi normalurad ar reagirebs sakuTar
insulinze). iTvleba, rom sakuTari insulinis arasakmarisi
produqciis mizezia beta-ujredebis defeqti. tipi 2 diabetiT
daavadebul, TiTqmis yvela adamians sxvadasxva xarisxiT aReniSneba insulinis defeqti, rac
imaSi mdgomareobs, rom mas ar
SeuZlia kunTebisa da sxeulis
sxva nawilebis mier glukozis,
rogorc
sawvavis,
moxmareba.
bolo dromde ar iyo cnobili
insulinrezistentobis (periferiuli qsovilebis mgrZnobelobis dakargva insulinis mimarT)
mizezi. dReisaTvis ki es sakiTxi
farTod iswavleba. bunebrivia,
aq did rols asrulebs memkvidreobiTi faqtori, radgan tipi
2 diabeti (ufro xSirad, vidre
tipi 1), Cveulebriv, viTardeba,
roca mSoblebs, biZebs, deidebs,
Zmebs an debsac aqvT tipi 2 diabeti.
vin miekuTvneba riskis jgufs?
nebismieri adamiani nebismier
asakSi da nebismier adgilas SeiZleba daavaddes diabetiT. Tu
Tqven Warbi wona gaqvT, an Tqveni
ojaxis romelime wevri daavadebulia diabetiT, riski izrdeba.
asaki, Warbi wona, jdomiTi
cxovrebis wesi - seriozuli, magram Seqcevadi riskis faqtorebia, romlebic tipi 2 diabetis
ganviTarebas uwyobs xels.
zogi
adamiani
SecdomiT
Tvlis, rom tipi 2 diabeti" msubuqi formaa". nebismieri tipis
Saqriani diabeti seriozuli
daavadebaa da seriozul mkurnalobas moiTxovs gamocdili
eqim-diabetologis mier.
ra simptomebi badebs eWvs
Saqriani diabetis arsebobaze?
gaZlierebuli wyurvili, xSiri Sardva, advilad daRla, wonaSi umizezod dakleba – diabetis sawyisi simptomebia. Tu es
simptomebi SeniSneT, miakiTxeT
eqims da CaitareT yvela aucilebeli gamokvleva diagnozis dasazusteblad.
ra aris Saqriani diabetis
aRmocenebis xelSemwyobi
faqtorebi?
Tambaqos moxmareba
alkoholis Warbi raodenoba
glukozisadmi
intolerantoba
insulinrezistentoba
simsuqne
hipertenzia - maRali arteriuli wneva
umoZrao cxovrebis wesi
marcxena parkuWis hipertrofia da sxv.
Saqriani diabeti
SeiZleba Tu ara, rom gqondeT diabeti da verc grZnobdeT?
diax. tipi 2 Saqriani diabeti
didi xnis manZilze SeiZleba
usimptomod
mimdinareobdes.
amasTan, rac ufro adre gamoavlenT diabetis ganviTarebis riskis faqtorebs, misi Tavidan acilebis miT ufro meti
Sansi gaqvT.
ra aris Saqriani diabetis
garTulebebi?
diabetis garTulebebi iyofa
adreul da gvian garTulebebad.
adreulia: hipo- da hiperglikemia (sisxlSi glukozis daqveiTeba da momateba), diabeturi
ketoacidozi
gviani: makroangiopaTia (gulsisxlZarRvTa daavadebebi) da
mikroangiopaTia (retinopaTia,
nefropaTia, diabeturi terfi,
ereqciis disfunqcia); hipertenzia, dislipidemia, neiropaTia
Saqriani diabeti
ra aris hipoglikemia?
hipoglikemia xSirad insulinis an sulfanilSardovanas preparatebis didi dozebis moxmarebis Sedegad viTardeba, garda
amisa, hipoglikemia SeiZleba
gamoiwvios sakvebis dagvianebiT an arasakmarisi raodenobiT
miRebam an daugegmavma Zlierma
fizikurma datvirTvam. hipoglikemia ufro metad tipi 1 diabetisTvisaa
damaxasiaTebeli,
gansakuTrebiT intensiuri kon-
trolos anu insulinis mravaljeradi ineqciebis dros).
hipoglikemiis
simptomebia:
kan­kali, gaxSirebuli guliscema, oflianoba, gaRizianeba,
SimSilis grZnoba, gulisreva,
cnobierebis dabindva, koncentraciis unaris daqveiTeba, Zilianoba, sisuste, Tavis tkivili, mxedvelobis darRvevebi,
guliswasvla.
aucilebelia zomebis miReba
hipoglikemiis pirvelive sim­
ptomebis
ganviTarebisTanave,
ra­Ta glukozis Semcveloba gaizardos usafrTxo ricxvebamde.
ra aris diabeturi terfi?
diabeturi terfi diabetis
erT-erT seriozuli garTulebaa.
diabetian pirebSi qveda kiduris amputacia 40-jer ufro
xSiria aradiabetianTan SedarebiT.
amputaciis saWiroeba yvelaze
xSirad terfis wylulis gamo
iqmneba
gaxsovdeT, rom terfis movlis
elementaruli wesebi da usafrTxoebis dacva dagexmarebaT Tavidan aiciloT nebismieri problema terfis mxriv.
terfis movla diabeturi gundis (endokrinologi, angiologi, nevrologi, qirurgi,
dietologi) prerogativaa
angiologiuri da nevrologiuri statusis Sefaseba yvela dia-
betiani pirisTvis aucilebelia
diagnozis dasmisas da Semdeg
- yovelwliurad.
glaukomas (Tvalis nervis dazianeba da mxedvelobis gauareseba)
terfis inficirebisas saWiroa
adreuli sanacia da intensiuri
antibaqteriuli mkurnaloba.
Tu Tqven diabeti gaqvT, weliwadSi erTxel mainc gaiareT
Tvalis Semowmeba kvalificiur
specialistebTan.
ra sifrTxile marTebT
Saqriani diabetiT daavadebul orsulebs?
Saqrian diabets mxedvelobis daqveiTebis da sibrmavis
gamomwvev daavadebaTa Soris
pirveli adgili ukavia
ra aris Tvalis diabeturi
dazianeba?
Tvalis diabeturi daavadebebi
SesaZloa moicavdes:
diabetur retinopaTias (Tvalis baduris sisxlZarRvebis
dazianeba)
kataraqtas
SemRvreva)
(Tvalis
brolis
cnobilia, rom diabetis dros
orsuloba sariskoa rogorc dedis, ise nayofisaTvis. riskis minimumamde dasayvanad orsuloba
guldasmiT unda daigegmos. orsulobamde da orsulobis dros
aucilebelia kargi glikemiuri
kontroli da orsulobis marTva
mean-ginekologis da endokrinologis erToblivi meTvalyureobis qveS. idealur SemTxvevaSi,
yvela gamravlebis unaris mqone
diabetiani qali informirebuli unda iyos orsulobiT ganpirobebul riskTan dakavSirebiT:
SesaZlo riski dedisTvis:
metaboluri, anu nivTierebaTa
cvlasTan dakavSirebuli garTulebebi - glikemia, hipoglikemia, diabeturi keto-acidozi,
retinopaTia, nefropaTia, neiropaTia, makroangiopaTiebi.
diabetis garTulebebi da hipertenzia (maRali arteriuli
wneva); sameano garTulebebi (hipertenzia,
mravalwylianoba,
infeqciebi)
Saqriani diabeti
nayofisaTvis SesaZlo
riski:
ganviTarebis
mankebi;
Tandayolili
me 65 welze axalgazrda var
da naklebad/saerTod ar var
fizikurad aqtiuri
diax 1
ara 0
nayofis zrdis anomaliebi;
diabetis ganviTareba STamomavlobaSi
dReisaTvis Saqriani diabeti epidemiis saxes iRebs. diabetian pirTa ricxvi mudmivad
izrdeba. Tumca, droulad gamovlenam, cxovrebis jansaRma
wesma, sworma kvebam, fizikurma aqtivobam SeiZleba Tavidan
agvacilos diabetis ganviTareba an SeaCeros usazRvro vadiT.
testi diabetis ganviTarebis riskze
Tu romelime winadadeba sinamdvilesTan axlosaa, SemoxazeT 1;
Tu ar Seesabameba sinamdviles,
SemoxazeT 0.
me gavaCine 4kg-ze meti
wonis bavSvi
diax 1
ara 0
Cemi Zma/da daavadebulia diabetiT diax 1
ara 0
Saqriani diabeti
Cems mSoblebs diabeti aqvs
diax 1
ara 0
maqvs Warbi wona
diax 1
ara 0
me 45-dan 64 wlamde var
diax 1
ara 0
me 65 welze metis var
diax 1
ara 0
4 da meti qula
Tqven diabetis ganviTarebis
maRali riski gaqvT. mimarTeT
profesional diabetologs.
1-3 qula
diabetis ganviTarebis riski
sakmaod dabalia mocemuli momentisTvis. magram ar dagaviwydeT,
rom momavalSi SeiZleba situacia Seicvalos. imisaTvis, rom es
riski momavalSic dabali iyos,
moiSoreT Warbi wona da yovelTvis akontroleT igi, aqtiurad
icxovreT, cximiani sakvebi naklebad miiReT, racioni gaamdidreT
xiliT, bostneuliT, parkosnebiT da marcvlovnebiT.
dResdReobiT rekomendebulia
45 wlis asakidan yovel sam weliwadSi sisxlis Saqris gasinjva. Tumca, Tu adamiani maRali
riskis jgufs ekuTvnis (memkvidreoba, Warbi wona, pasiuri cxovrebis wesi), regularuli gasinjvebi ufro axalgazrda asakidan unda daiwyos.
Saqriani diabeti
uyureT gadacemas
“Tqveni eqimi”, kviras 13:15 imedis arxze
Saqriani diabeti