Dept of Agril Meteorology CCS HAU Hisar

Dept of Agril Meteorology
CCS HAU Hisar
Teaching courses offered by the Dept
Course No.
Credit Hrs
Title of the Course
Agrimet 101
2+1
Agricultural Climatology
Agrimet 201
1+1
Crop Weather Environment
IV
ES 200*
2+1
Environmental Studies
II
Agrimet 501
2+1
General Meteorology
I
Agrimet 502
2+1
Agrometeorological Instrumentation
I
Agrimet 503
2+1
Evapotranspiration
II
Agrimet 504
1+2
Applied Agril Meteorology
I
Agrimet 505
2+1
Micrometeorology
II
Agrimet 506
2+1
Concepts of Agril Meteorology
II
Agrimet 507
2+1
Weather modifications
II
Agrimet 508
2+1
Agroclimatic Zonation
I
Agrimet 509
2+1
RS applications in Agril Meteorology
II
Agrimet 510
2+1
Crop Weather models
I
Agrimet 601
2+1
Weather forecasting
I
Agrimet 602
1+2
Agroclimatic models
II
Agrimet 603
2+1
Environmental management
I
Agrimet 604
2+1
Advances in Agril Meteorology
II
Agrimet 591
0+1
Credit Seminar
I, II
Agrimet 600
20
Master’s Research
I, II
Agrimet 700
45
Doctorate Research
I, II
* Shared with other Departments and taught in all the constituent colleges in University
Sem
I
Field of specialization for
i)
Agricultural Climatology
MSc and PhD
ii)
Crop-Weather Relationships and Modeling
iii)
Weather Forecasting
iv)
Remote Sensing and GIS Applications
Required Courses for :
MSc
PhD
Agrimet-501, 502, 504, 505, 506, 507 and Comp-501/Stat-509
Agrimet-601, 602 and 604
Courses for other Departments:
Agrimet-503, 504, 507, 508, 510 and 603
Under Graduate Courses
Agrimet-101
Agricultural Climatology
2+1
Sem I
Definition, aim and scope of agricultural climatology; weather and climatic elements; role of
elements of climate and weather on crops; brief description of the concept of precipitation,
temperature, pressure, humidity, wind, radiation, cloudiness, evaporation and evapotranspiration and
their impact on agricultural production; elementary aspects of weather forecasting; general
description of climates of Haryana and India; selection of crops in relation to soil and climatic
factors; agroclimatic resources and their significance in agriculture.
Practical: Installation and use of various meteorological instruments, study of agroclimatic maps of
Haryana and India.
Agrimet-201
Weather and Crop Environment
1+1
Sem IV
Crop environment and its significance in agriculture; weather hazards and their impact on crops;
radiation spectrum, radiation and energy balance components; radiation distribution in crop canopies;
cardinal temperatures and heat unit concepts; evapotranspiration; fog and frost; microclimate of crops
and its modification, wind breaks and shelter belts; concept of climatic change.
Practical: Working with radiation instruments and psychrometer, computation of growing degree
days, climatic normal, preparation of temperature and humidity profiles.
Post Graduate Courses
Agrimet-501
General Meteorology
2+1
Sem I
Sun, earth and seasons; composition and vertical structure of atmosphere; solar control of climate,
solar constant, radiation balance in the biosphere; gas laws, their application to water vapours in
atmosphere; radiation laws for incoming and outgoing radiations, Beer's Law, Lamberts Cosine Law,
Raleigh and Mie scattering; heat transfer -convection, conduction and radiation; concept of radiant
flux and flux density; air temperature and its distribution; lapse rate- actual and adiabatic; first and
second law of thermodynamics, entropy; T-phi gram; stability and instability condition; virtual and
potential temperature; hydrostatic equation and its applications; pressure gradient force, coriolis
force; gradient, cyclostrophic, geostrophic winds; atmospheric motion under balanced forces; salient
features of general circulation; cyclones and anticyclones, trough, ridge, air mass and fronts;
monsoon circulation, SW/SE and NE monsoons and NW depressions over India; humidity in
atmosphere, Psychrometric equation, condensation in atmospheres, clouds, their description and
classification; precipitation types, thunderstorms, artificial rain-making, climatic classification of
India- Koppen, Thornthwaite, Gaussen and Emberger system, El Nino/La Nina and southern
oscillations, satellite remote sensing and GIS and their applications in meteorology.
Practical: Agromet observatory- different classes of observatories. Measurement of weather
parameters and their calculation on daily, weekly, monthly and yearly basis.
Agrimet-502
Agrometeorological Instrumentation
2+1
Sem I
Fundamentals of measurement techniques, theory and working principles of barometer, thermometer,
psychrometer, thermograph, hair-hygrograph, thermohygrograph, rainguage, self recording rain
gauge, Duvdevani dew gauge, lysimeter, open pan evaporimeter, anemometer, wind vane,
anemograph, soil thermometers, soil heat flux plates, instruments for measuring soil moisture,
sunshine recorder, albedometer, photometer, spectro-radiometer, quantum radiation sensors, pressure
bomb apparatus, porometer, photosynthesis system, infra-red thermometer.
Practical: Working and recording with the above instruments and automatic weather station.
Computation and interpretation of the data.
Agrimet-503
Evapotranspiration
2+1
Sem II
Concept of evaporation, transpiration, evapotranspiration, actual and potential evapotranspiration;
hydrological balance at earth's surface; turbulent transfer of heat, mass and momentum; various
concepts for estimation of ET, empirical, energy balance, aerodynamic, eddy correlation, Bowen's
ratio, plant resistance, surface temperature, lysimeter, Penman-Combination approach, modified
combination approaches and remote sensing method; advantage and limitation of different methods.
Basic laws of radiation and radiation interaction with plant environment; computation of Kc values
and their use. Influence of microclimate, plant, soil and cultural factors on evapotranspiration; water
use and water use efficiency; role of anti-transpirants and mulches; dry matter and crop yield-ET
functions; advection and its effect on water use, irrigation scheduling based on ET.
Practical: Case studies for computing ET by different methods and crop yield -ET functions.
Agrimet-504
Applied Agricultural Climatology
1+2
Sem I
Use of statistical concepts as applied to climatological data, hydrological balance, linear,
logarithmic and exponential models of soil moisture decay, assured rainfall probability analysis
using normal, binomial and incomplete gamma distribution, Markov Chain probability and its
application; climatic requirement of crops and animals with special reference to heat, light and
water; computations of climatic water budgeting and its application on assessment of drought and
wet spells, runoff, irrigation scheduling; comfort indices and their evaluation in relation to human
comfort, housing and site orientations; use of heat unit concept for crop phenology, growth and
development; cardinal temperature, thermoperiodism; available soil moisture, moisture adequacy
index and its application in agril. climatology; comfort zones for different species and breed of
animals, frequency of disastrous weather events in different regions.
Practical: Use of statistical approaches in climatological data analysis; preparation of climatic
water budgets and climatological models for different agrometeorological applications; forecasting
of agrometeorological problem using past long records of agrometeorological data; degree day
concept and its use for phenological forecasting and crop calendar scheduling; evaluation of
comfort indices; evaluation of radiation, wind and shading effects in site orientations; agroclimatology of different crops in India; forecasting of pest and disease using meteorological data.
Calculation of continentality factors.
Agrimet-505
Micrometeorology
2+1
Sem II
Units and dimensions with their applications, concept of micro-, macro- and meso- meteorology;
micrometeorological processes near the bare ground and cropped surfaces; shearing stress,
molecular and eddy diffusion, forced and free convection; boundary layer, frictional velocity,
roughness length and zero plane displacement, similarity hypothesis, exchange coefficients,
exchange of mass, momentum and energy; profiles of temperatures, radiation, humidity and wind
speed in crop canopies; Richardson number and its use in determining stability; micrometeorology
of crops, orchards; light interception by crop canopies; concept of resistances; aerodynamic,
boundary layer and surface resistance; evapotranspiration concept; Bowen's ratio approach,
combination approach (Penman combination approach), Van Bavel combination approach and
Penman-Monteith approach), remote sensing methods; extinction coefficients; crop yield/dry
matter-ET functions; advection and its effect on water use by crops and yield; soil heat flux and soil
temperature, leaf temperature and its biological effects. Influence of topography on microclimate.
Microclimate within forests.
Practical: Micrometeorological measurement in and above the field crops; quantification of crop
microclimate; ET determination by different methods.
Agrimet-506
Concepts of Agricultural Meteorology
2+1
Sem II
Meaning and scope of agricultural meteorology, components of agricultural meteorology, role and
responsibilities of agricultural meteorologists; importance of meteorological parameters in
agriculture, efficiency of solar energy conversion into dry matter production, meteorological factors
in photosynthesis, respiration and net assimilation; soil water balance models and water production
functions; crop weather calendars; weather forecasts for agriculture at short, medium and long range
levels and agro-advisories, use of satellite imageries in weather forecasting; synoptic charts and
synoptic approach to weather forecasting; crop water stress index, crop stress detection; air pollution
and its influence on vegetation; meteorological aspects of forest fires and their control; concepts of
mechanistic and deterministic models, general features of dynamical and statistical modeling
techniques; weather data and physiology based approaches to crop modeling; validation and testing
of models; climatic change, green house effect, CO2 increase, global warming and their impact on
agriculture. Synoptic, numerical, graphical, spatial analysis of weather systems and chart techniques.
Concept and types of drought.
Practical: Preparation of crop weather calendars. Development of simple regression models for
weather, pest and disease relation in different crops. Preparation of weather based agro-advisories.
Agrimet-507
Weather Modifications
2+1
Sem II
Historical reviews of weather modification, present status of weather modification for agriculture.
Atmospheric composition and green house effect. Theories of weather modification, scientific
advances in clouds and electrical behavior of clouds. Hails suppression, dissipation of fog,
modification of frost intensity and severe storms. Shelter belts and wind breaks, mulches and antitranspirants. Protection of plants against climatic hazards. Air and water pollution. Meteorological
conditions in artificial and controlled climates- green, plastic, glass and animal houses etc.
Practical: Measurement of microclimatic parameters in controlled and modified climates.
Agrimet-508
Agroclimatic Zonation
2+1
Sem I
Concept, objectives and utility of zonation; climatic classification- Koppen and Thornthwaite; indices
of agricultural significance; methods and application of agroclimatic zoning for general agricultural
suitability, for choice of crops , for delineation of homogeneous soil- climatic zones, for flexible crop
planning to cover risks, for exploitation of agroclimatic resources for specific purposes such as
zoning for wheat, rice. Agroecological zones of India for specific purposes such as zoning for
important crops.
Practical: Computation of climatic normals and indices. Preparation of agroclimatic maps of
Haryana
Agrimet-509
Remote Sensing Applications
in Agricultural Meteorology
2+1
Sem II
Introduction to radar and satellite systems; electromagnetic spectrum and spectral characteristics,
remote sensing techniques and their use in agrometeorological research, application of agroclimatic
data services. Conventional climatic data of solar radiation, rainfall, temperature, wind, cloudiness,
radiation balance components, application to crop condition, crop vigor monitoring and yield
forecasting on the basis of biomass, phenology, surface parameters, yield factors; vegetation and
stress indices; crop yield model based on agrometeorological variables; weather forecasting through
satellite images; basic components of remote sensing: signals, sensors and sensing systems; active
and passive remote sensing; characteristics of electromagnetic radiation and its interaction with
matter; spectral features of earth’s surface; remote sensors in visible, infrared and microwave regions;
imaging- & non-imaging systems; framing and scanning systems; resolution of sensors; sensors
platforms. Microwave remote sensing. Introduction to GIS and GPS. Digital techniques for crop
identification; crop stress detection, soil moisture assessment, soil temperature, monitoring of drought
and crop disease & pest infestation. Forecasting of weather and crop yield using remote sensing
techniques.
Practical: Acquisition of maps; field data collection; map and imagery scales; software and hardware
requirements and specifications for remote sensing; data products, their specifications, media types,
data inputs, crop discrimination and acreage estimation; use of spectroradiometer, infrared
thermometer and computation of vegetation indices.
Agrimet-510
Crop Weather Models
2+1
Sem I
Principles of crop production. Evaluation of crop responses to weather elements, impact of natural
and induced variability of climate on crop production. Empirical and statistical crop weather models,
their application with examples, Regression Models- incorporating weather, soil, plant, remote
sensing inputs and other environment related parameters for growth and yield. Crop simulation
models. Models- weather, pests and disease relationships.
Practical: Familiarization with statistical and simulation models e.g. CERES, BRASSICA etc.
Agrimet-591
Credit Seminar
0+1
Sem I & II
Agrimet-600
Master’s Research
20
Sem I & II
Agrimet-601
Weather Forecasting
2+1
Sem I
Weather forecasting network in India; short, medium and long range forecasting; benefits of weather
services to agriculture; study of synoptic charts with special reference to location of highs and lows,
jet streams and zones of thermal moisture advection; interpretation of cloud pictures; interpretation of
weather forecast for crops, livestock, epidemics, farm operations; preparation of farm advisory
forecasts; forecasting of frost and soil moisture; weather modification for agriculture; scientific
advances in artificial rain making, hail suppression, dissipation of fog and stratus clouds,
modification of severe storms and electrical behaviour of clouds; special forecast for natural
calamities like drought, floods, high winds, heat waves and crop protection against such hazards.
Practical: Exercise in weather forecasting for different applications; preparation of farm advisory
weather forecast with use of synoptic, satellite cloud pictures and monograms on crop weather
relations.
Agrimet-602
Agroclimatic Models
1+2
Sem II
Agroclimatic models–concept, types, utility and input data; designing of agroclimatic models;
subroutine structures of weather based processes; simulation of phenology, light interception for dry
matter accumulation, evapotranspiration, source sink relations based on weather variables;
weather/agrometeorological indices and crop productivity; agroclimatic model based on remote
sensing and ground truth data.
Practical: Use of agroclimatic models and their sensitivity analysis.
Agrimet-603
Environmental Management
2+1
Sem I
Basic issues in environmental sciences. Global carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles. Renewable
alternate energy sources, direct solar energy system: active and passive solar energy systems, and
wind power system, green house effect, change in green house gasses and potential effects of global
warming and adjustments to global warming, acid rain and its effects. Polar stratospheric clouds.
Environmental impact and planning. GIS, GPS and remote sensing techniques and their applications
to monitor environment. Management of environmental factors for sustainable agriculture. Human
interactions with natural systems: global carbon dioxide balance and air pollution. Meteorological
factors affecting dispersion of air pollutants, effects of air pollutants on vegetation, global warming,
climatic variability and climatic changes; ozone depletion. Introduction to GIS, GPS and remote
sensing techniques and their applications to monitor environment. Remote sensing in weather
forecasting, temperature and precipitation estimates. UNEP policies. Management of environmental
factors for sustainable agriculture.
Practical: Case studies of environment.
Agrimet-604
Advances in Agricultural Meteorology
2+1
Sem II
Radiative transfer in plant communities; momentum, mass and heat exchange in plant communities;
radiation and energy balance in plants; micrometeorological models; evapotranspiration and carbon
dioxide exchanges in relation to plant growth; weather and crop yield relationships; climate in
relation to pests and disease incidence and multiplication; effect of climate on heat exchange of farm
animals; climate change and its impact on agriculture; satellite based weather predictions for farmers.
El Nino, La Nina and Southern Oscillations. GIS, GPS and remote sensing techniques and their
applications to agrometeorology.
Practical: Case studies of climate change and agriculture. Development of simple models with the
use of weather, pest-disease and yield data.
Agrimet-700
PhD Research
45
Sem I & II