System of government â¢King or Queen has complete control over
Transcription
System of government â¢King or Queen has complete control over
System of government •King or Queen has complete control over government & its people Autocracy Centralized Government Nation or Modern States Isabel Torralbo Talavera •Monarchs based their claim on Divine Right Authority comes from God Similar to “Mandate of Heaven” •Monarchs are “Above the Law” •Common features- Strong armies,limited representative bodies, high taxes Isabel Torralbo Talavera Loss of power by nobility New government Bureaucracies Huge building projects Isabel Torralbo Talavera Known as “The Sun King” •Mercantilist policies •Built the strongest army in Europe •Expanded bureaucracy •Never called the Estates General Isabel Torralbo Talavera Isabel Torralbo Talavera •Built Versailles His successors inherited enormous debts (costly Wars & extravagance) Isabel Torralbo Talavera Isabel Torralbo Talavera Isabel Torralbo Talavera Isabel Torralbo Talavera Isabel Torralbo Talavera •Grand Embassy tour Toured Europe learning new technologies •Westernization/Modernization •Introduced western ideas •Laws, technology, culture Isabel Torralbo Talavera Won territory along the Baltic Sea St. Petersburg becomes “Window to the West” Centralized power Reduced power of the nobility Brought Orthodox Church under his control Isabel Torralbo Talavera Isabel Torralbo Talavera Isabel Torralbo Talavera 1215 King John forced to sign Magna Carta Limited King’s powers 1295 Edward I establishes Model Parliament Lawmaking body House of Lords & House of Commons Isabel Torralbo Talavera Parliament successfully blocked attempted shifts to absolute rule The Tudor Monarchs(1485-1603) generally worked well w/ Parliament Ex. Henry VIII & Elizabeth I Isabel Torralbo Talavera Had absolutist tendencies (Strong belief in Divine Right) James I & son Charles I Consistently clashed with Parliament over finance & foreign policy Angered Puritans Isabel Torralbo Talavera Known as the Puritan Revolution (1642) Charles’s Cavaliers vs. Roundheads led by Oliver Cromwell Charles I is overthrown by forces loyal to Parliament beheaded in 1649 Isabel Torralbo Talavera England became a Republic with Cromwell as leader called the Commonwealth At first Cromwell & Parliament share power •1653 Cromwell assumes Title of Lord Protector & rules as a dictator Isabel Torralbo Talavera Isabel Torralbo Talavera •Upon Cromwell’s death, Parliament restores Stuart Monarchy to throne •Charles II & James II became unpopular due to absolutist policies •Parliament fears return of Catholicism(James II) •Parliament overthrows James II & asks William & Mary to assume throne (Glorious Revolution) Isabel Torralbo Talavera 1688-William & Mary forced to sign English Bill of Rights is signed Guarantees Parliament’s superiority over the Monarchy England becomes a Limited Monarchy (Remains today) Isabel Torralbo Talavera