Unit 1A - Medicine and Public Health in Britain 50AD to the present
Transcription
Unit 1A - Medicine and Public Health in Britain 50AD to the present
Unit 1A - Medicine and Public Health in Britain 50AD to the present day Exam - 0900 1/6/15 (75 Minutes ) What content must I know? Ideas about the cause and treatment of disease and illness Revise Test Natural Ideas Why did people follow the ideas of Hippocrates and Galen C50AD – 1350 What was the the theory of the Four Humours and Opposites Supernatural Ideas Why did people follow these? Including – Asclepion, Demons, Miasma, The Zodiac, God/Devil Revise Traditional/Herbal Remedies… Who used them? What were they? Did they work? Why did Roman public health ideas not continue when the Romans left? What was the impact of the Romans leaving Britain? Revise Test Explain the importance of… Pasteur (on microbes) Koch (on microbes) Research teams Revise Test Slightly better public health… Water supplies and the disposal of waste from c1350 The New River Cess pits Monastery water systems New technology… Why was the printing press so important? The Black Death 1348… What did they believe caused it? What action did they take? The Church… Why did it become less influential? Explain the importance of… Jenner Pasteur (on vaccines) Koch (on vaccines) Compulsory Vaccinations Revise Test Revise More government involvement and improved Public Health… Increased use of vaccinations Magic Bullets – Slavarsan 606 and Prontosil Welfare reforms including NHI Midwifes Act, Health checks at school, pensions. Barriers What factors held back the discoveries? Test Test New Technology… The Microscope Revise Test Revise Test Social Change… The Industrial Revolution and its impact on health. The growth of towns and pressures on public health The Great Stink Improved public health through technology… London Sewers Bazalgette Revise Factors leading new discoveries… Crick and Watson’s discovery of the DNA structure. High-tech medicine and treatment such as organ transplants and keyhole surgery Revise The Royal Society… What was it and why was it different? Public Health Acts (1848 & 1875)… What did they do? What impact did they have? What factors led to them – Ie Cholera, New Voters, Scientific Underastanding, The weakening of Laissez Faire, The development of antibiotics and the work of Fleming, Florey and Chain; Test The influence of the Church on… Medicine Hospitals Training of doctors. Explain the importance of… Edwin Chadwick John Snow in improving public health. Better Medical Training… Nurses Doctors 1900 – Present Day Revise Dealing with the Great Plague 1665… What methods were the same as the Black Death? What methods were different? New Knowledge (The Renaissance) Vesalius William Harvey Training of doctors 1750 – 1900 Test What did the Romans do for Us? What impact did the Romans have on medicine? Test The influence of the Church on… Medicine Hospitals Training of doctors. The Germ Theory… What factors led to it? Why was it so important? Revise The influence of changes in society on medicine and public health Changing public health provision What was good about Roman sanitation and water supply? How bad was public health in Medieval Towns? Why did people still follow Galen’s ideas? 1350 – 1750 Approaches to public health and prevention of disease and illness Test New Technology… To help diagnosis and treatment x-rays radiotherapy scans dialysis The establishment of the National Health Service and the role of Aneurin Bevan; Government education campaigns for public health such as healthy eating or antismoking For every topic consider the following four things… Opposition Help Why did people oppose the discovery? What factors helped the discovery? Impact Why was it so important? SHP Development Study Option 1A: Medicine and Public Health in Britain c50AD – present day What do you need to know? Time periods Roman Britain AD50 – AD500 1 Anglo Saxon England 500-1066 Early Middle Ages 1066 - 1350 Key questions / topics • • • • • • • • • • 2 Later Middle Ages 1350 – 1500 Renaissance England 1500 1750 • • • • • • • • • 3 Industrial Revolution 1750 - 1900 • • • • • • • 4 Modern Britain 1900 – 2000+ • • • • • What was life like in Roman Britain, Anglo-Saxon England and the Early Middle Ages? How hygienic were towns? What influenced the changing approaches to public health and hygiene? Hippocrates and Galen – who were they and what were their theories about the cause of disease? What else did people & healers believe caused illnesses and disease? Who could people go to for treatment? (plague case study) How important was religion in medicine and why? Case study: theories of the causes of plague (1348) and treatments. Why was there so little progress in medicine and public health during this period? Why did Galen’s ideas continue to be important through the Middle Ages and the Renaissance? How important were the new ideas of the Renaissance? What did Vesalius and Harvey discover and how great was the impact of these discoveries? Who could you go to for treatment in this period? – Physicians? Wise women? Other healers? How and why did hospitals develop? How great was the impact of new technology on medicine and public health? How successful the key changes in public health in the growing towns and cities of Renaissance England? What was the role of the government in this? Case study: theories of the causes of plague (1666) and treatments. What was the Industrial Revolution? What can cholera outbreaks tell us about the problems of public health in industrial cities? Who contributed more to improving public health in the 19th century – John Snow or Edwin Chadwick? Was the Germ Theory a turning point? How much progress was there in developing effective medicines and treatments? (vaccines) How great was Florence Nightingale’s influence on hospital care and medical training? How far and why did government attitudes towards public health change in this period? Key individuals: Jenner, Chadwick and Snow, Pasteur and Koch, Bazalgette. How should we define the 20th century? What were ‘magic bullets’ and antibiotics and why were they key turning points in the treatment of disease? Key turning points in the understanding of disease – the discovery of DNA; How and why did government provision of healthcare widen over the 20th century? How great were the changes in hospitals and the training of doctors? How important has technology been in understanding disease and treating it? Key individuals: Fleming, Florey and Chain; Watson and Crick; Bevan and Beveridge.