File - Ms. Daley Science

Honors Biology
2014-2015
Practice/Review Questions:
DNA Structure and Replication Practice questions
1. Place the following in order, from small to big:
(p * Nucleus of a cell
3 • Nitrogenous base
* Nucleic acid molecule
Hi * Nucleotide
' * Neutron
2- * Nitrogen atom
2. f l U f j ^ f ^ i f J f j
is the type of monomer that is repeated to make a nucleic acid, just as glucose
monomers are repeated to make a polysaccharide (or amino acid monomers to make a protein).
3. This monomer is made of a sugar group, a phosphate group, and a y^^(QOS!Jl^(S\JS
bonded together.
J L*Q£(>
4. In a single strand of DNA, the phosphate group binds to the QyQQX~
phCSpK/X*-*
5. The 5' end of a single DNA strand contains a free
that have been'
of the next group.
while the 3' end contains a free
^ . DNA was not thought to be the genetic blueprint originally; instead many scientists hypothesized that
contained the genetic code and blueprint of life. (They were later proven wrong.)
7. DNA is a type of nueUic
acid(what type of organic molecule?).
8. In order for DNA to replicate, \\ 'VlfWyi S
(what kind?) bonds are broken. This is catalyzed by an
enzyme called \r\PU CO&GL • The adding and joining (covalent bonding) of new nucleotides (during the
process of replication) is catalyzed by an enzyme called Op] U fy\fL¥QS^,
This enzyme also catalyze
proofreading as new nucleotides are added (it tries to maKe sure that C pairs with G and A pairs with T).
9. Number the steps of DN A replication in the correct order (1, 2, 3)
Cp
Daughter strands are formed using complementary base pairing.
»
DNA unwinds
3
The DNA of the daughter strands winds with together with i ts parent strand.
10. What enzyme unwinds are unzips the parent strand? M i
11. What enzyme synthesizes the new DN A strand?
case
pQli) t^jf/ft^SC, fa)
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12. The two sides of the DN A helix are held together by
13. You arc studying a DNA (double helix) molecule that is 1,000 base pairs long and 20% of the molecule
consi sts of thym ines.
a. How many total bases are in this double helix?
b. W hat percentage of the bases are g uanines?
'2(300
I3Q%
c . How many of the bases are guanines? (j?QQ
d. Would you be able to answer this question i f the DNA molecule were single-stranded, instead?
Explain.no
;
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14. What makes DNA replication "semiconservative?"
I k t mu) DMf^ mMnM
half powv* k u f Aaxx^u
\% H i l f avrt&rttA «fw\
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2014-2015
Honors Biology
Mitosis Practice:
15. Look at the following pictures and label each one with the appropriate stage of mitosis.
b.
c.
16. Label each of the following statements as being descriptive of interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, or
telophase:
a. J L chromosomes are not yet visible
b.
A" sister chromatids have just broken away from each other at the centromere
c.
T
d.
P
e.
"P nuclear membrane is breaking down
f.
nuclear membrane is reforming
sister chromatids are still attached to each other at the centromere, but chromosomes
haven't lined up yet
chromosomes have lined up in a "single file" line
. the stage that includes cytokinesis
h.
X
i.
T"
. organelle replication and protein synthesis occurs
in terms of changes in the nuclear membrane, this stage is the opposite of prophase
17. Observe the cell shown below (it has just finished cytokinesis) and make each of the six single
chromosomes below a different color.
a. Then, diagram how this cell would appear if it were seen in each of the following stages. Be sure
that each diagram shows the shape of the cell, whether or not the nucleus is visible, and the
chromosomal arrangement of the cell.
b. Finally, write a caption for each diagram using words/phrases (where appropriate) such as sister
chromatids, homologous chromosomes, centriole, and centromere
Nuclear
MOST-BE
m
Cell
Nucleus
a. prophase of mitosis
b. anaphase of mitosis
23
Honors Biology
2014-2015
18. Used in chemotherapy treatments, taxol is an anti-cancer drug, which is known to stop cells from dividing.
a. Tumors are clusters of cells that are growing and di viding without proper regulation. What is the
difference between a benign tumor (non-cancerous), and a malignant tumor (cancerous)?
b. How do you think taxol might work? Write about two specific ideas that you have. In other words,
what mitotic processes might taxol prevent, and how would stopping these processes prevent
effective cell division? (There are many, many possible answers here; the important part is that you
apply specific knowledge about the cell cycle.)
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19. Cancer is always genetic. This means that cancer is caused by mutations in the DNA. So, a genetic
mutation is a mutation (or change) in your DNA molecule. Because your body has evolved to have many
back-up systems, cancer is almost always caused by a series of mutations, not just one.
a. Is cancer a genetic disease? V
Is cancer necessarily an inherited disease? fs)
b. Are these "genetic mutations" always "inherited mutations"? fy|
c. Is an ''inherited mutation" always a "genetic mutation"? V
d. Are genetic mutations always passed from one generation to another? j\l
e. Why do you think that cancer is generally considered a "disease of aging?"
mm
f.
^MS -
move muttmtens
Why do you think that some people do have cancer at younger ages?
"Mad start"
24
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