Brief on ART in Kenya
Transcription
Brief on ART in Kenya
MINISTRY OF HEALTH BRIEF ON ART IN KENYA OVER TIME Introduction Kenya has made significant progress in HIV control. An estimated 1.6 million persons are living with HIV in Kenya (1.4 million adults and 191,000 children). The use of lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) to manage HIV infection significantly reduces illness and mortality due to HIV. In June 2014, the Ministry of Health launched revised guidelines for antiretroviral therapy (ART) that recommend early initiation start of ART in children, adolescents and adults including all HIV positive pregnant women. Based on these guidelines, of the 1.6 million PLHIV in Kenya, an estimated 1.4 million will require antiretroviral therapy ART (1.23 million adults and 172,000 children aged less than 14 years). As at February 2015, over 773,629 patients were on ART (702,000 adults aged 15 years and 71,000 children aged less than 15 years) representing 55% coverage of those in need of ART managed in over 2000 health facilities in across the country. The Kenya AIDS Strategic Framework (KASF) 2014/15 -2018/19 has targeted to have at least 90% HIV infected persons know their status and 90% of those who know their status access ART by June 2019. Below is the ART Coverage trend over time. The figure below illustrates the increasing access to ART 1 | P a g e 900,000 772,17 755,22 0 1 800,000 619,61 603,40 6 9 538,98 3 476,00 0 364,00 0 259,00 0 198,00 0 127,68 No of Patients on ART 700,000 600,000 500,000 400,000 300,000 200,000 0 70,800 24,000 10,000 100,000 0 2003 2004 70,000 14,000 21,000 29,000 36,000 48,546 55,439 66,070 8,800 57,895 2,900 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Feb‐15 Year Peds on ART Adults on ART Total on ART Evolution of treatment guidelines for ART Since the introduction of HIV treatment in Kenya, the Ministry of health has provided National Guidelines on Antiretroviral therapy that outlines eligibility for ARV use, regimen selection and monitoring for Treatment. These guidelines are developed and reviewed in line with available local and international evidence and in line with guidelines for public health provision of ART by the World Health Organization through a process of stakeholder consultations and consensus. The ART guidelines were first published 2001 and subsequently revised and updated in 2002, 2006, 2011 and 2014. The figures below illustrate the guideline changes that have taken place over time: a) Evolution of Paediatric ART Guidelines 2002 – 2005 Guidelines 2005 – 2008 When to initiate ART <12 months with Nov 2008 –Oct 2010 October 2010 June 2014 When to initiate ART When to initiate ART When ART to <18 months initiate All children aged less than All children less than 2 All children aged 10 18 months irrespective of years irrespective of CD4 % years and below All irrespective of clinical, CD4 <25% or CD4 ≤ CD4 % or count or count irrespective of CD4 immunologic or virologic status. 1500 % or count (test and treat) >12 months -12 years months- 18-59 months 2 | P a g e 18-59 months 25- 59 months >10 years CD4 <25% HIV RNA copies > 10,000/ml CD4 <15% or CD4 ≤ CD4 <25% or CD4 ≤ 1000 CD4 <25% or CD4 ≤ 750 CD4 500 ≤500/ml3 >5years >5years-12 years Count >5years CD4<15% or CD4 CD4<20% or CD4 Count CD4 Count ≤500/ml3 Count ≤200/ml3 ≤350/ml3 CD4 independent CD4 independent CD4 independent CD4 independent All WHO stage All WHO stage All WHO stage All WHO stage 3,4 3,4 3,4 3,4 b) Evolution of Adult ART Guidelines 2002 – 2005 Guidelines 2005 – 2007 When to initiate ART Nov 2007 –Oct 2010 October 2010 June 2014 guidance) (current When to initiate ART When to initiate ART When to initiate ART ≤ 200 cells/mm3 ≤ 200 cells/mm3 ≤ 250 cells/mm3 ≤ 350 cells/mm3 ≤ 500 cells/mm3 Start ART Start ART Start ART Start ART Start ART WHO stage 3 if CD4 ≤ 350 cells/mm3 All HIV+ women pregnant All HIV+ in serodiscordant relationship CD4 independent CD4 independent CD4 independent CD4 independent WHO stage 4 All WHO stage 3,4 All WHO stage 3,4 All WHO stage 3,4 Challenges/Key Issues in ART scale up Children 0-14 years x Though immunization coverage at the 6 weeks immunization visit is over 90% in most facilities, programmatic data indicates that only 60% of HIV exposed infants receive a HIV test in the first 2 months of life. HIV antibody testing is recommended for children above 18 months of age. 3 | P a g e x x x x Results from Kenya Aids indicator survey (KAIS) 2012 show that only 16.4% of children aged 18 months to 14 years had ever been tested for HIV, as reported by their parents or guardians. Family testing for HIV-infected clients who attend HIV clinics is low. According to KAIS, among children who had an HIV-infected parent, less than half (45.4%) had ever been tested for HIV. Further Only 40.5% of parents or guardians of HIV-infected children aged 18 months to 14 years were aware that their child was infected with HIV. In addition there are poor mechanisms for referral and linkage of children who test HIV positive to care and treatment at all facility entry points. Program data shows that there is low coverage of Paediatric ART with only 41% of children aged 0-14 years on ART. In addition to low coverage for HIV tests and Treatment for children with HIV, continuity and Quality of Care for children accessing HIV services remains a concern. National data indicates high loss to follow up for children in care and not ART and lower retention among adolescents and those aged less than 5 years. The programmatic cohort analysis conducted in 2014 showed retention of about 70% among the under 5 and adolescents compared to other age groups on ART at 12 months. Furthermore national studies indicate that only between 60-70% of children on ART are virally suppressed against a national target of 90% suppression. Adolescents HIV?AIDS is the leading cause of death in Africa and the second largest cause of death amongst adolescents globally. Although data on adolescents is limited, an estimated 141,014 adolescents (10-19 years) are living with HIV, 70% of them being girls. Of these 105,679 (75%) are estimated to be need of ART based on national guidelines and overall viral suppression among adolescents is unknown. According to KAIS 2012 only an estimated 42% of adolescents were accessing ART, a coverage that may have declined with revised treatment guidelines. Adults As end 2014, 689,155 adults were receiving ART and currently there are over 780,000 PLHIV on treatment with an overall treatment coverage of 52%. Overall adults on ART have higher viral suppression rates based on national surveys averaging between 80-89%. The major barrier to ART access for adults remains low knowledge of HIV status. (Kais 2012 @ 47% knowledge of status among infected persons) while access for those who know status is high at about 90% (KAIS 2012). Stigma and discrimination is still rife and affects access and retention to treatment. Retention data from cohort analysis indicates that the overall retention of patients on ART has declined over the years. ART retention at 12 months in 2011 was estimated at 92%, while retention over the same 12 months in 2013 declined to an average of 76%. Very young children (ages 0-4 years) and young adults (ages 15-24 years) suffer the lowest retention; 70% and 67% respectively. This may portray 4 | P a g e the vulnerabilities either behavioural, high mortality risks among other factors that affect retention amongst these subgroups. Other Challenges: x x Declining quality of care due to HR shortages , increasing patient numbers, inadequate patient preparation because of HR constraints Services that are not friendly to adolescents and youth eg the attitude of Health care workers to HIV positive adolescents and the timing of business hours in hospitals Response The ministry of health has set pace to accelerate ART access for all children, adolescents and adults to achieve the 2019 targets as set in KASF. This will include strengthening all areas of the cascade of care from identification, linkage, ART initiation, retention and viral suppression. Key strategies include increasing use of technology for linkage and tracking clients , age appropriate peer support mechanisms , scaling up youth friendly services and systems support to enhance treatment monitoring , ensuring commodity security and accountability by counties and stakeholders. In addition the GOK has set in motion targeted initiatives to accelerate HIV prevention efforts among adolescents through implementation of combination prevention and treatment access as part of the ALL IN global campaign to end Adolescent new infections and AIDs. We particularly thank H.E. the President for his commitment to accelerate treatment through the launching of the global ALL IN ONE Campaign which aims to calls to action - listen, involve and include young people - in efforts to reduce AIDS-related deaths and new HIV infections. The launch presided by the Kenyan president Uhuru Kenyatta and lauded by various UN global leaders, is a fresh call to act on the rising numbers of infection and death among global and African youth. The campaign aims to achieve reductions in AIDS-related deaths by 65% and new HIV infection by 75% by 2020 5 | P a g e