SACRIFICE
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SACRIFICE
The Voice of New South Wales Serving and Ex-Service Men and Women Th e pric e o f li b e r t y is e t e rnal vi g ilanc e Sacrifice 100 Years Past A commemoration of Gallipoli “Lest We Forget” VoL 88 No 2 MARCH-APRIL 2015 Subscription $5.50 PP243459/900095 MESSAGE FROM THE GOVERNOR 8 REVEILLE MESSAGE FROM THE GOVERNOR 100 years past A special Reveille commemoration The Importance of the Centenary of ANZAC His Excellency General The Honourable David Hurley AC DSC (Ret’d) Governor of New South Wales. The Centenary of ANZAC may be summed up in the three human values embodied in the ANZAC Memorial in Sydney’s Hyde Park – Courage, Endurance and Sacrifice. Indeed, the architect, Mr Dellit, stated that his Memorial design was: “intended to express with dignity and simplicity neither the glory nor the glamour of war, but those nobler attributes of human nature which the great tragedy of nations so vividly brought forth – Courage, Endurance, and Sacrifice.” Above the striking tableau of Sacrifice in the Hall of Silence is the soaring dome with 120,000 golden stars, purchased by members of the public, representing every man and woman from New South Wales who enlisted for service in the First World War. The importance of the Centenary of ANZAC to our nation is that it gives us an opportunity to reflect on those many hundreds of thousands of lives lost during the First World War – and all wars. Out of this tragic conflict, a legacy – the ANZAC legend of courage, mateship, volunteering, sacrifice and service – was born. This legacy, of how we view ourselves, has held a powerful sway over our development as a nation for the past one hundred years. I have no doubt that the next four years will be a time of reflection and discussion about the ANZAC legacy – reality and legend – and of how it has shaped our notion of self and our concept of being Australian. This is natural, healthy and appropriate during this period. A better understanding of our past will help us shape our future. But important questions for me are: Can we achieve more than this? What legacy can we create from this period of commemoration to leave future generations of Australians? The outcome of the next four years must be more than plaques and monuments, important as they are. Over the next 4 years, I encourage you to consider what the ANZAC legacy signifies for Australia in the 21st century. We are a land of many people, from many cultures, traditions and beliefs. Our ANZAC legacy continues to underpin our nation. It is part of our history as a nation and connects us with our past. However, it needs to speak to all our people, many of whom did not grow up, as I did, listening to the stories of the ANZACs. Our commemoration needs to continue to evolve, to give us all an identity and a purpose for the future. By embracing our values of respect for cultural diversity and inclusiveness as a nation, we will honour the legacy of those men and women who fought for a better world, not just for the end of conflict. As we enter our four-year period of commemoration, let us reflect on how we may keep the spirit of our remembrance alive, meaningful and inclusive for our diverse, contemporary nation and for the generations to come. REVEILLE 9 HISTORY “Never Again” remains the message from Auschwitz Josh Frydenberg MP reflects on the 70th anniversary of the death camp’s liberation In the dark, in the cold and in the snow, leaders from about 50 nations made the long walk along the railway line at Auschwitz-Birkenau. Their end point was a monument where they lit a candle in memory of the surrounding dead. It was here, among the watchtowers and the crematoriums, that 70 years ago to the day the forces of good triumphed over evil, and the most efficient and brutal killing machine the world had seen was brought to an end. But not before more than 10 million people lost their lives, six million of whom were Jews, including 1.5 million children. It was genocide on an industrial scale, now known simply as the Holocaust. At Auschwitz the death toll was more than one million, 90 per cent of whom were Jewish – homosexuals, people with a disability, Jehovah’s Witnesses, Roma gypsies and political prisoners from 84 REVEILLE Russia and Poland made up the rest. What struck me most as I walked through the camp was how clinical and orderly the set-up had been. There was accommodation, workshops and the gas chambers themselves. Having entered under the gates that read “Arbeit macht frei” (“work makes you free”), frightened and unsuspecting prisoners were divided into two groups: those who would live and those who would die. Prisoners deemed not fit enough to work in slave labour were forced to strip naked and beaten if they refused to obey. They were then marched in their hundreds to shower blocks where gas canisters were dropped into the concrete space, causing a prolonged and excruciating death. Today one can see fingernail markings along the openings from where the canisters fell, as victims spent their last harrowing moments gasping for air. In the room adjoining the gas chambers is a row of large-scale ovens. Here, Jewish inmates, known as the Sonderkommando, were forced to collect the bodies of their brethren, piling them on to trolleys before shoving them into the ovens. The chimneys burned day and night, and the smell of human death and flesh was all around. It was only a matter of time before every prisoner was destined for this fate. But for those who were waiting, the Nazis had other plans in mind. Our guide pointed us to the barracks where medical experiments were carried out. Children, HISTORY pregnant mothers and twins were all specially selected by camp doctors, who turned them into human guinea pigs at the hands of the Third Reich. What is more, the Nazis made a point of collecting from every inmate anything that could be of worth – gold fillings from their teeth, artificial limbs, shoes and suitcases were all collated and stored. One of the most confronting images anyone could ever see is a room full of human hair, shaved from the prisoners before they met their fate. Used by the Nazis for pillows, this was a graphic illustration of how the victims were stripped of all their human dignity. My family’s history is in many respects no different from that of so many other Jewish families with origins in Europe. Two of my great grandparents and three great aunts were killed by the Nazis as they came off trains at Auschwitz. My wife’s grandmother, who survived Auschwitz, lost her parents and nine siblings. Her grandfather, also in Auschwitz, lost his mother and eight siblings, all in the Nazi camps. With this history in mind, it was with great trepidation that I visited Auschwitz for the first time. But from my first step until my last I felt empty, finding it hard to fathom what had actually taken place. No anger, just disbelief, as I listened for the voices from my family’s past. Why weren’t the Nazis stopped before it was too late? And what are the lessons for the rest of the world today? This year’s 70th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz-Birkenau by Soviet forces was a poignant and significant event. More than 3000 people gathered, not just to pay their respects to the dead, but to say emphatically to the world: we can’t allow this tragedy ever to happen again. The number of survivors attending had dwindled to 300, all haunted by their memories. In their speeches they talked about the Holocaust as “a scar on the living world” where the “past is present.” Our duty, they told us, is not only never to forget, but to ensure that history never repeats. With the tragic events of Paris still only weeks old and a rising tide of antiSemitism sweeping across Europe, there was a sense of urgency that resonated with all of those who were there. The message was clear. We have a collective duty to look after one another, for if we don’t there will come a day when the tables will be turned and we will be the victim. It must be acknowledged that Germany has openly confronted its painful past, conscious of its responsibility to try to make amends. Holocaust denialism in Germany has been banned, its leaders have reached out to Israel and the right things have been said. In the words of Germany’s President Joachim Gauck, who led the leaders’ walk along the railway line in the snow, there is “no German identity without Auschwitz.” It is of some comfort to know that the number of people visiting Auschwitz every year continues to grow. Fifteen years ago it was 400,000; today it is 1.5 million, 70 per cent of whom are under the age of 25. It must be compulsory in our schools to learn about these events, because as Dwight Eisenhower, then commander of the Supreme Allied Forces, said upon touring a concentration camp in 1945, there will come a time when people the world over will deny that the events of the Holocaust ever occurred. As the survivors remind us today, they honour the dead by living, not crying. We, the lucky ones who were spared the atrocities they had to endure, honour their memory by saying “never again.” Josh Frydenberg, Federal Assistant Treasurer and member for the Melbourne seat of Kooyong, was Australia’s official representative at the 70th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz-Birkenau on 27 January this year. REVEILLE 85 vietnam war wounds Somehow I’ve always managed to escape when veterans start telling war stories, but this bloke was in seat 24 A and I was stuck in 24 B without a parachute. He was flying to Sydney “for three days on the piss with me mates,” he told me, followed by the ANZAC Day March if they could still walk. Staring intently into my book didn’t put him off and I didn’t want to say something rude so I put the book away and he knew he had won. “Rod’s my name,” he said. I told him mine and we shook hands. His story began with recruit training at Puckapunyal in 1968 when he was eighteen. Before that actually, when a judge gave him two minutes to choose between three years in the Army and six months’ jail for “borrowing” a car to drive home to Melbourne after a party in Geelong. To this day he swears he was going to take it back next day and catch a train home, but the judge didn’t care. After recruit training he was posted to infantry and eventually to the Australian Task Force Base at Nui Dat in January 1970. By his account he only remained a private because he was far too valuable as a fighter to be promoted. I looked at his flabby face and beer gut and tried to picture a fit, heavily armed young warrior in jungle greens, his face daubed with green and brown camouflage paint. “I only saw action three times,” he said and was quiet for a while. “Hard to talk about that to anyone who wasn’t there.” “I’m sure it is,” I said and thought but I’m sure you will anyway. “Worse if you get hit of course,” and he lifted his shirt to show a scar and a hollow at the back of his ribcage where two of his ribs should have been. “Was it a bullet or shrapnel?” I asked. 88 REVEILLE “Bullet. Got one in the leg too. We had a section caught in a bunker system, pinned down, couldn’t even lift their heads to shoot back. Couldn’t call in artillery because Charlie, that’s the Viet Cong, were only twenty metres away from our blokes. I was ordered to give covering fire with my machine gun so our guys could move back. “I ran for a tree that would have given me cover but halfway there I got hit in the leg and did a face plant. When I tried to crawl I got this one,” he said pointing to his ribs. “I must have been in a bit of a hollow because while I stayed flat they couldn’t hit me, but I couldn’t go anywhere. I thought we were all dead.” “What happened?” I asked. “The tanks came,” he said. It was dark outside but he turned away and looked out the window for a few seconds. “Centurion tanks. I didn’t even know they were with us that day and suddenly there’s two of them charging up behind me, side by side, ten metres apart. The Crew Commanders were exposed outside their hatches from the chest up, firing machine guns mounted on top of the turrets. Sitting ducks they were but I guess if they were down inside they couldn’t see what was going on in the jungle. “Every few seconds their main guns fired. You wouldn’t believe the impact those bloody machines had, mate. The sheer size of the things, the power, the ear-splitting noise of the main guns and what they did to a bunker when they hit. I can’t tell you how I felt, after I’d been squirming face-down in the mud waiting for the next bullet . . .” His voice trailed off and he looked out at the blackness again. I think he sneakily wiped his eyes. “One came straight at me and I put my arm up and hoped to Christ the driver or Crew Commander could see me. They obviously did because it swerved around me then turned ninety degrees and stopped between me and the bunkers. I was shielded from enemy fire but I was too weak to move. One of my mates saw vietnam what was happening and ran in to get me. Only a little bloke too but he put me over his shoulder, picked up the gun and carried me out. Dust-off chopper picked me up and twenty minutes later I’m in hospital at Vung Tau.” After a long pause and struggling to sound composed I said: “You didn’t just put your arm up, mate, you were shitting yourself, waving your bush hat all over the place . . .” “I thought I’d be run over!” Then he froze for a few seconds, the realisation too much to take in. “Did I tell you that?” he asked. I shook my head. “You were there.” “Crew Commander,” I said. “Why the hell didn’t you tell me?” “I just did.” “I mean before. You let me prattle on for half an hour and never let on you served in Vietnam.” “I never do. I wouldn’t have this time except I realised who you are. That made it different.” He leaned back and closed his eyes for a few seconds. “Am I right, that you turned side-on to shield me?” “Yes, but I couldn’t hang around. I gave you about ten seconds then turned and kept going. All I could find out later was that your Platoon had five casualties so I didn’t know if you got out or not.” “None killed and five wounded including me. I got out thanks to my mate who’s a bloody hero. And to you of course. I’ve often thought about that tank, the crew, wondered if they got home OK. You don’t look any the worse for wear?” “No, I’ve been okay. Learned to live with the guilt and shame of fighting a war we shouldn’t have been in, killing blokes who were just trying to defend their country.” “You don’t think we made a difference?” “ Of course we did but it was all bad. It took me years to realise that. I was a naïve country kid, only knew what the Army told me. But politicians here and in America should have known. There were so many things wrong with that bloody war. It cost over a million dead and God knows how many lives destroyed. And for what? If we hadn’t interfered the North would have overrun the South in weeks. Same end result, hardly any casualties. We achieved nothing.” I could have added that forty years ago I disembarked in Sydney and said goodbye to some mates I would never forget but would never see again. No ANZAC Day marches, no reunions, Vietnam chapter closed. He made strong eye contact for the first time. Angry eye contact I thought. “Why should we be ashamed for Christ’s sake? The government dumped us there. And once we got there Charlie was coming after us. We had no choice up to that point. But every time the shit hit the fan, we made choices ordinary men never have to make. We could hide, we could do just enough to stay out of trouble, or we could do whatever it took for our mates.” I was about to say something but he was on a roll. “My shrink pointed that out to me years ago and I thought, Rodney, he’s bloody right, you know, no soldiers in the world look after each other like we do. If poor old Charlie paid a high price for that, it wasn’t our fault. “What you did for me was special, but I reckon the tanks saved hundreds of other Aussies while they were there. Some idiot officer sent them home to Australia before my Battalion and three of my best mates were killed assaulting a bunker system. I’ve got no doubt they’d be alive today if we’d had tanks with us. And what about grunts? If one bloke didn’t do his job we were all history. And sappers feeling for mines in muddy rivers so you blokes could drive across safely? Chopper pilots? The balls those blokes had when we needed them. “So you need to think about that mate. If the only good thing we could have done over there was look after our mates, you did that in spades and you should be proud of it.” We collected our bags and I was feeling a bit awkward about how to say goodbye. He handed me a piece of paper with his mobile number. “Give me a call,” he said “But I don’t want to hear any bullshit war stories.” We laughed at that and he started to hold out his hand but then gave me a self-conscious hug. I think he tried to say something but it didn’t come out. Then he quickly turned and limped off. On the eve of ANZAC Day it took me an hour to find my campaign medals. I thought about Rod’s view of the war and wondered why I’d never thought about it that way. I hadn’t allowed myself to think about it at all, was probably the answer. I can’t imagine ever feeling proud of my involvement but that’s okay, I don’t need to go that far. I put my medals away where I can find them easily next year. Just in case. Michael Kelly Michael Kelly’s national service included nine months in Vietnam from January to September 1971 with the 1st Armoured Regiment, on Centurion tanks. He writes: “The view I’ve had of the war for the past 44 years is expressed through the narrator of the story. But recently I read a book called Jungle Tracks, a history of Centurion tanks in Vietnam. What struck me was the interviews with infantrymen - the high regard they had for the tanks and how they attributed to tanks the saving of many Aussie lives. That revelation prompted me to write this story and submit it for a short story competition. It won third prize. REVEILLE 89 BOOK REVIEWS Kokoda Secret: Ian Hutchison Australian Hero By S. P. Ramage Abbey’s Bookshop Ph (02) 9264 3111 [email protected] This book seeks to set right an injustice to Colonel Ian Hutchison DSO, OBE, MC, ED, in that he was not given due credit for his leadership of 2/3rd Battalion at the Battle of Eora Creek Ridge in PNG, as part of the Kokoda Campaign. As the book outlines, the courage and leadership of Ian Hutchison started in 1939 and continued through WW II and Korea (in part) until his retirement from the Army. Ian was a Sydney boy and a member of Mosman Scouts, the first scout troop in Australia. He believed the Scouts contributed to his values and military interest. By 1934 he was a lieutenant in the militia and joined the Second AIF on 13 October 1939 with the number NX100. He was assigned to 2/3rd Battalion which was part of the 6th Division and as such fought in the Middle East; Egypt, Lebanon, Syria and Greece. He had already demonstrated his courage and leadership by being awarded the Military Cross for his part in the assault on Bardia. Ian’s 2/3rd Battalion was sent to PNG in September 1942 and eventually made their way up to the front line, as such, climbing the Kokoda Trail. This was an achievement in itself considering all the equipment each soldier carried. The Japanese had been pushed back to a place called Eora Creek, which was extremely defendable, and had stalled the Australian advance. Ian at this stage was a major leading one of four companies which made up the 2/3rd Battalion commanded by Lt. Col Stevenson. The book outlines that REVEILLE 90 Stevenson was slightly wounded and went back down the Track to an aid post for treatment, where he remained for a month. In late October 1942 Ian became acting battalion commander. He organised and led into battle the 2/3rd Battalion which routed the Japanese and won the Battle of Eora Creek Ridge. The book will supply all the details regarding his lack of accreditation for success in this battle; suffice to say there was not a great deal of recognition of Ian Hutchison’s role. The 2/3rd Battalion returned from PNG to North Queensland, where it was rested and reinforced until it went on to fight in the Aitape-Wewak campaign in 1944/5. There is an interesting chapter, in the book, on how Ian’s wife, Moyra, managed to get from Sydney to Cairns and meet up with Ian contrary to war time regulations. They had been separated for well over two years at this stage of the war. In 1951/2 Ian rebuilt and then led 1 RAR in Korea as part of his distinguished career in the Australian Army. In my view after reading this wellresearched book, Ian Hutchison is an Australian hero with or without the acknowledgement of Eora Creek. Warren Baker A Duty Done A summary of operations by the Royal Australian Regiment in the Vietnam War, 1965-1972 By Fred Fairhead Royal Australian Regiment SA Inc Ph (08) 8379 5771 [email protected] Fred Fairhead writes that the purpose of A Duty Done has been to provide an understanding of the extent of the Royal Australian Regiment’s involvement, and the nature of its role, in the Vietnam War. There is no doubt that this 191-page book, liberally covered with operations maps, has achieved this objective. It is a remarkable book, painstakingly assembled, providing a first class examination of the Royal Australian Regiment in South Vietnam. It covers over 50 operations in a 10-year period from 1962-1972 involving all nine battalions. The glossary of military terms, abbreviations and acronyms is very well presented in easy to understand language. In addition, the introduction, Chapter 1, is succinct and lucid. This is a well-produced technical book that assumes the reader has basic infantry knowledge to follow the very clear dialogue. Each operation by the respective battalion is set out in an easy to follow sequence. The photos scattered throughout the book are correctly presented with the appropriate operation. The small sections dealing with awards for each operation are excellently identified. The endnotes made interesting reading. Again they are set out in clear language with the accompanying photos. This is a warts and all account. In many examples Colonel Fairhead pulls no punches. Two things grated. I hate being addressed by my surname (family name). No one in this book, apart from the author, has a first name. Secondly, any history book worth its salt has an index (where the reader can easily identify events and people in the narrative). If there was one in A Duty Done I was unable to find it! These blemishes aside, I am sure readers who have served with the Royal Australian Regiment during its time in the “funny farm” will find much to interest them in this excellent book. Roland Millbank BOOK REVIEWS The Nashos’ War By Mark Dapin. Penguin Australia Ph (02) 9811 2400 or E www.penguin.com.au/ A quick check of the literature the author used for references reveals quite a number of books written about the Australian Vietnam wartime experience. At least from a national serviceman’s point of view this is an excellent, well researched book which I enjoyed reading because it remained focused upon what it set out to portray. In terms of style it begins at the time of the call up for National Service, in the 1960s, and goes through until it was abolished by the Whitlam Government in late 1972. This of course, makes the reading of it largely a step by step process but one does not seem to mind. The book takes you through the familiar battles of Long Tan, Coral, Balmoral and Binh Ba with the Nasho certainly in mind, but it also examines the steady attrition of personnel from the many singular incidents where fate or just bad luck seemed to remove lives. However, there are a number of chapters which begin as “The Myth of . . .” In these chapters the author demolishes those myths that have surrounded national servicemen, but more particularly Australia’s involvement in Vietnam. One example is “The Myth of the Moratorium” and its impact on national policy and national service. These chapters are a very useful insight into an era when TV reporting of one person resisting “call-up” gained more credence than all the young men who accepted the call-up and went off to do their duty as the nation saw it! Even today I would suggest that the community sees National Service as the solution to unemployment, wayward youth and so forth. I doubt the army sees themselves responsible for solving such issues. I certainly commend the book to all Nashos and the wider population in general as an examination of Australia’s history for that period of the National Service Act. Warren Baker Australia’s Real Baptism of Fire By Greg Raffin Five Senses Education Pty Ltd ISBN 978 1 74130 594 4 Ph (02) 9838 9265 or [email protected] Australia’s Real Baptism of Fire – Heroes known only to a few is a small book which fills a big hole in Australian military history research. Books abound which deal with Australian involvement at Gallipoli, in the Middle East and on the Western Front, but few historians have bothered with Australia’s first military expedition in World War 1 – the event which resulted in Australia having colonial authority over New Guinea for decades. Seven months before the ANZACS made their name at Gallipoli, our first national military action took place in the German held territory of New Guinea. The Australian Naval & Military Expeditionary Force left Sydney just two weeks after the declaration of war by Britain on 4 August 1915 and was engaged in its first action at Nauru on 9 September. Two days later the force landed on New Britain and on September 13 the British flag was raised at Rabaul. Once New Guinea was secured, the expeditionary force moved on to occupy New Ireland, Nauru, Admiralty and Western Islands and German Solomon Islands, all of which was achieved by December 9. While the campaign might be seen by some as just “a minuscule blip on the radar of Time”, seven Australians lost their lives in New Guinea and the Australian submarine HMAS AE1 disappeared with all hands on board – three officers and 32 sailors. They were our first war dead and they deserve an honoured place in our annals.This an important chapter in our history which has long been ignored. Greg Raffin’s book is an excellent effort to redress that ignorance. It is well researched, comprehensive and eminently readable. Sandra Lambkin The Anzacs 100 Years On in Story and Song By Ted Egan Wild Dingo Press Ph (03) 8571 4999 or E www.wilddingopress.com.au It is not often that a reviewer gets the pleasure of a book and an accompanying music CD to review so I am very pleased to be given this opportunity. As a singer in a choir I had some knowledge of what to expect from the CD and I must say that I was not disappointed by either the CD or the book. The book is illustrated with photographs and maps throughout and is A4 in size. The text and related photographs make for a simple outline of WW I wherein Australians were active. The first section deals with Gallipoli, largely concentrating on Australians, but it also covers New Zealanders. The three main areas of conflict are set out, namely; the Dardanelles, Western Front and the Desert Campaign through Palestine. The book also covers other areas: the Nursing Corp, Ted Egan’s uncles who all fought, the Australian domestic scene and REVEILLE 91 BOOK REVIEWS some Australian politics. For people who have not studied any WW I history this is an easy reading way of learning what happened in this terrible undertaking. The CD is well constructed in that it features an Australian ANZAC, Jack Nicholson, introducing the songs on the CD. Jack did the narration shortly before his death in 1986 aged 92. The songs themselves are those which we would normally associate with WWI, together with some written and performed by the author. The final song is written and sung by Eric Bogle, And the Band Played Waltzing Matilda. Eric’s song is a great encapsulation of the whole terrible ordeal that was WW I and a welcome inclusion. I would heartily recommend the book and CD as a great learning experience for all those who want to know what our forebears endured. Warren Baker Australian Soldiers in Asia Pacific in World War II By Lachlan Grant NewSouth Publishing E [email protected] Ph (02) 8936 0100 Once in a while a book on the Australian Army involvement in World War Two comes along which provides a very different view. Dr. Lachlan Grant’s new book does just that. This is a history of a different genre with emphasis on the social and political aspects rather than what happened in the battles of that time. Ignoring the grand strategy of the war, and those at the top who have already had lots to say, the author focuses on the interactions of soldiers on the ground and the different peoples and cultures they experienced. There are some most interesting stories here. Dr. Grant has looked into many lives of individual volunteers, through their letters and REVEILLE 92 THE RSL BOOK OF WORLD WAR I True stories of Aussie courage and mateship from the annals of the RSL John Gatfield and Richard Landels The RSL Book of World War 1 Edited by John Gatfield and Richard Landels Published by HarperCollins Ph (02) 9952 5000 This collection of stories contributes much to the commemoration, over the next four years, of the centenary of battles and of those who fought. The sounds of the Great War now resound most stridently in the words of soldiers. We don’t necessarily learn much from the words of politicians and generals. It is in this contrast that may lie one explanation for the revival of interest in the Great War over the past 30 years: because we hear the stories through both the lyrical and the prosaic; through the factual and the descriptive; but mainly through the words of people who were there as if they are names frozen in time. This book then, is a collection of stories (104 of them), taken from various publications of the RSL, “written by Diggers for Diggers”. The editors have done a fine job in commemorating those who served through personal stories told by the participants. Rear Admiral Doolan writes in his thoughtful preface: “They record the excitement and horrors of battle, the extraordinary courage of ordinary men and women and the irrepressible larrikinism of boisterous young men . . .” Jackie French, Senior Australian of the Year for 2015, has recently written in praise of this story-telling genre: “Stories are the richest legacy we can leave – because our stories connect us, as families, friends, communities and as a nation.” The editors’ selection of stories is well considered. They range chronologically from the capture of German New Guinea (“The First Away”) to the Gallipoli campaign (most memorably “Stretcher-bearers at Anzac”) to the Western Front. Sapper Smith’s diary at Fromelles is stark. On this one Wednesday night, 19 July 1916, 5533 Australian soldiers were killed, wounded or captured. It was, as historians have written, “the worst 24 hours in Australia’s entire history.” Then there are interludes when, among the unimaginable tragedy, there is time to stage the “Melbourne Cup” (“An Australian Race Meeting in France”). There is time for a touching tribute. Private Desmond Tomkins’s “A Gallant Conscientious Objector” tells the story of 18 year old Tomkins’s friend, the scholarly Reverend Digges La Touche, killed at Lone Pine on 6 August 1915. There is now a plaque in Sydney’s St Andrew’s Cathedral in memory of Lieutenant La Touche. Tomkins’ simple description of Digges’s last moments still has much emotional force: “When the whistle blew, Digges led his platoon forward to a hail of rifle and machine gun fire. Seconds later Digges was dead . . .” There are 16 pages of photos but in some ways, they’re not needed. The words paint the picture. So, let the words sink in as the storytellers come back to life again, 100 years after the stories happened. Then, go out and retell the stories! James Rodgers