Solutions to Heat Transfer Worksheet 2
Transcription
Solutions to Heat Transfer Worksheet 2
SCIENCE DEPARTMENT YEAR 10 IGCSE PHYSICS 0625 CONDUCTION CONVECTION AND RADIATION NAME:_____________________________________TIME: 50 MINUTES. 1. What are the three methods of heat transfer? [3] Conduction, Convection and Radiation 2. What is the mechanism of heat transfer in a solid?[2] Conduction. Particles vibrate and pass on energy to neighbouring particles 3. Why are metals (such as iron and copper) better heat conductors than non-metals [1] Metal have free mobile electrons and particles are closely packed. 4. Why do metals feel cold when touched ?[2] Metals are good conductors. Transfer heat away from the hand. 5. In Fig. 9.1, a pin is attached to the end of each aluminium, copper, iron, glass and brass rod by a thin wax layer. Very hot water is placed in the container. a) Which pin will drop first? [1] Copper b) Which pin will drop last?[1] Glass c) What can you conclude from the observations above? [1] Different metals have different conductivity. Some materials are better in conducting heat than others. 6. What are the uses of good heat conductors?[1] Cooking utensils, electrical wiring to transmit electricity, 7. Why is the car engine radiator made from copper? [1] Copper is a good conductor to absorb and conduct heat from the hot liquid 8. What are the uses of poor heat conductors? [1] Handles in cooking pans, clothing, 9. Houses in cold countries use double glazing windows that traps air between two pieces of glass panes, as shown in Fig. 9.2. 9.2. What is the purpose of having this kind of window?[2] Air is a poor conductor of heat. It prevents heat loss by conduction by convection. 10. (a) Between a solid, liquid and gas, which one is best heat conductor?[1] Solids (b) Which one is the worst?[1] 11. Gas Ice was placed at the bottom of a test-tube filled with water. The top part of the tube is heated until the water there boils, as shown in Fig. 9.3. a) What happens to the ice? [1] Ice does not melt b) What does this experiment show?[1] Water is a poor conductor of heat. (c) In the experiment, why was the ice wrapped with a wire gauze? To make ice heavy and sink to the bottom to avoid floating of ice. 12. What is the method by which heat is transferred in a fluid (liquid or gas)?[1] Convection Change in density of molecules. Cold molecules are dense and sink. Hot molecules are less dense and rises. 13. What causes heat convection?[2] 14. Potassium permanganate crystals (purple) were placed in at the bottom of a beaker filled with water. The water is then warmed slowly by a Bunsen flame, as shown in Fig. 9.4. What is the direction of the convection current that will be observed?[1] Stream of purple rises and falls in circular paths 15. (a) Fig.9.5 shows a place near the sea during the day. What is the direction of wind? [1] Sea to land 16. In an electric kettle, why is the heating coil placed at the Cold water at the bottom is heated, expands and rises. bottom ? [1] 17. Why does the air conditioner unit in a room placed at the top?[1] Hot air is less dense and stays at the top. 18. What is the method by which a hot object like the Sun transfer heat?[1] Radiation 19. How does the heat from the Sun reach Earth?[1] Radiation 20. A piece of bread is toasted in a toaster as shown in Fig. 9.7. How is the heat transferred to the bread? [1] Radiation 21. (a) What kind of surface is the best heat emitter?[1] Matt black( Dull and black) (b) What kind of surface is the poorest heat emitter?[1] Shiny (polished) white 22. Two thermometers were placed at equal distances from a container containing boiling water, as shown in Fig. 9.8. The left side of the container is white and shiny while the right side is black and dull. Which thermometer will show a bigger increase in temperature? Why? [2] Black and dull surface; it is a good emitter of heat. 23. What type of surface is the best heat absorber?[1] Black and dull surface 24. Two stoppers were attached to different copper plates,as shown in Fig. 9.9. Which stopper will drop first? Why? [2] Stopped on the dull black surface. Absorbs more heat 25. Fig. 9.14 shows the basic structure of a solar water heater placed on top of a roof. The copper tube is coated black. Why?[2] To absorb more heat from the sun.Black and dull surfaces are good absorbers 26. . What is the reason for using a system of winding tube above ?[2] Increases the surfaces area so that more heat is absorbed. 27. How a vacuum flask does minimises heat loss from the liquid it stores? [1] Plastic stopper prevents by conduction, convection and evaporation. Vacuum reduces heat loss by conduction and convection. The shiny silvered surface reduces heat by radiation. a) Fig. 9.11 shows the structure of a vacuum flask.How does the stopper prevents heat Plastic stopper prevents by conduction, convection and evaporation. loss?[1] b) How does the vacuum prevents heat loss?[1] There are no particles in the vacuum. Prevents heat loss by conduction and convection. c) How does the silvered wall prevents heat loss?[1] Reflects the heat back to the liquid d) In real use, hot water stored in a vacuum flask, did experience a slight heat loss. How this is possible?[1] The vacuum contains some air that causes convection.