Suspension Bridges - University of California, Berkeley

Suspension Bridges - University of California, Berkeley

Suspension Bridges
Professor Filip C. Filippou
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
University of California, Berkeley
Verantius’ Pons Ferreus (Iron Bridge ca. 1600 AD)
Verantius’ Suspension Bridge (ca 1600 AD)
Interesting web sites and some references
•
http://www.firebirdz.net/tnb/, The Complete Tacoma Narrows Info Center
•
http://www.iti.nwu.edu/links/bridges/disasters.html, Bridge Disasters
•
http://www.ketchum.org/wind.html, Bridge Aerodynamics
•
Why Buildings Fall Down by Matthys Levy and Mario Salvadori, paperback,
WW Norton and Company
•
Why Buildings Stand Up, The Strength of Architecture by Mario Salvadori
paperback, WW Norton and Company
Menai Straits (1826)
579 ft
Clifton bridge (1830-1864), Bristol, England
702 ft
Brooklyn Bridge (1863), New York
1595 ft = 486 m
Brooklyn Bridge (1863), New York
Manhattan Bridge (1909), New York
1470 ft = 448 m
Manhattan Bridge (1909)
1470 ft = 448 m
Benjamin Franklin Bridge (Philadelphia) 1922-1926
1750 ft = 535 m
Golden Gate Bridge (1933-1937)
Deck depth = 7.6 m
Depth/Span = 1/168
4200 ft = 1280 m
Tower height: 748 ft (228 m)
Deck width = 27 m
Width/Span = 1/47
First Tacoma Narrows Bridge (opened July 1, 1940)
Main span: 2,800 ft (840 m)
Tower height: 420 ft (126 m)
Stiffening girder depth: 8 ft (2.4 m)
Deck width: 39 ft
Ratio of girder width to span: 1/72
Depth/Span = 1/350
Tacoma Narrows Bridge (economic constraints)
So the state scrapped its first design - $11 million - and turned to
Leon Moisseiff. Moisseiff, a well-regarded designer and
researcher, calculated that a considerably lighter deck -stiffened
only by a thin plate girder, not a deep truss - would do, thus
cutting the cost to only $6.4 million.
Tacoma Narrows (spinning the suspesion cable)
First Tacoma Narrows (spinning the suspension cable)
The disaster strikes on November 7, 1940
Franklin D. Roosevelt had just returned to the White House from Hyde Park having
just won an unprecedented third term as president of the United States.
At 10 am PST the wind velocity at the bridge was 42 mph. The bridge center rose
and fell 38 times a minute with a 3 ft amplitude. Suddenly, the bridge started twisting
violently ...
Galloping Gertie
Second Tacoma Narrows Bridge (1950)
Third Tacoma Narrows Bridge (2001-2005)
Third Tacoma Narrows Bridge
2800 ft
Severn Bridge (England) (1961-1966)
First suspension bridge with hollow box girder with aerodynamic profile
988 m
Humber Bridge (England)
Main Span 1410 m
Deck width 28.5 m 1/47
Deck depth 4.5 m
Great Belt Suspension Bridge (Denmark) (1996)
Main Span 1624 m
Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge (Kobe Japan) (1988-1998)
Main span: 6,527 ft (1991 m)
Tower height: 927 ft (283 m)
Longest Suspension Bridge in the World
Name
Span
Year
Akashi Kaikyo
Great Belt East
Humber
Jangyn
Tsing Ma
1991
1624
1410
1385
1377
1998
1998
1981
1999
1999
Verrazano
Narrows
Golden Gate
Hoga Kusten
Mackinac
1298
1964
1280
1210
1158
1937
1997
1957
Minami (South) 1100
Bisan-Seto
1988
Location
Kobe-Naruto Route
Halsskov-Sprogoe
Kingston-upon-Hull
Jiangsu (Yangtze river)
Hong Kong (Lantau
Island)
New York City
Japan
Denmark
U.K.
China
Hong Kong
San Francisco
Veda
Mackinaw City,
Michigan
Kojima-Sakaide Route
U.S.A.
Sweden
U.S.A.
U.S.A.
Japan
Next: the Straits of Messina
Main Span: 3300 m = 10082 ft
Deck width/span 1/55
Straits of Messina: Scylla and Charibde
3300 m