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B\KBG GM Q[T ZFF \BG ZVG[F NGY \BG OKEKVNF \BG \GNGYF \B OKBGZ OTF NMG
OKYNB ZCE \IB CK\M YIXK Z KRB\ ZVG[F NGY \BG BT BVE GZ\K V ZFHC
GZPBR LN KFK BNG KMRB \GZCE CE GRKKFG LN KFK BNG KMRB BEM K\TP[ GH OK\[
QG[N ZVG[F NGY ZPBR[ FP ZBCN FRGGMFE NKG GM OKYNB ZCE \IB GFHG EIB ZGCEC
ODG EKIK QG[N ZVG[F NGY ZPB MIBG OKCZ QG[N OKEKVNG \GNGY ZPB FNI\E EKIK
ZGCEC GZPBR LN KFK BNG KMRB[ FP GFH[ GM ZCE \IB ZPGB HT ZVG[F NGY QKRT GFP
ZVG[F NGY KT KF BN \GZCEF \Z[TE ZGCEF KZFG ZVG[ NGYN FH LKK[ FP NXG EIB
KGF ZCE OKRVC OKRV CK\MG GM OMNFY NM NB KGF ZCE FNBF OKZCEF \B [PMG
RFVNE GM EBP YHIG LNGF ZVG[F NGY KFKG ZVG[F NGY KF \P \TC[ YZ OMPT
KF FH[ BN NCB \GZCEF \TC ODG \GZCEF \Z[T \ZKPB OEGY EGT ZVG[F NGY KF
BGF ZVG[ NGY FCZEBG GM ZVG[F NGYN GM ZCE \IB QKRT \GMKK[ FP MBG ZGCEF
GM NNM ZGCEC [CN\P GRKB[ JG[V NGY
\GTP[PF KVNE GZPBR EIB ZGCEC LN KFK BNG KMRB[ FP QKRTF OXTC NX EGTG
ZGCEC \GZCEF \Z[T NM GZPBR FNBF OKZCEF NM \B OKYNB ZCEKG [PP
ZPBR OBG ECN LN KFK BNG KMRBE \GZCEF C BNG FH VT K[ZV[ GPMG EIB
JK O[ QRI\BG E O[ JK JK GZ\K FBZRF KVNE ZYGCF \GKFC K[KN[F OGKC KFKG HJ O[ GZ\K FBZ I IN[KG BPGIR\ FBZG EBP YHI ZVG[ NGYG GD \GNGY KFKG
ZPBR[ GNGY FNI\ Q\R NBZ[KN FZG\ Q\KN FCYF BC[M
KGF FZG\F \B Q\R \GNGYF \B Q\R[P OKYZCG \GNGY KFKG
OKBGZ OTF NMG C G \GMZC FBZG GNKI KRVN GNGY Q\R FG
KV OD FBZG GGF FZG\ Q\P OEGYE \GNGY Q\GB \GNGYF \B
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\B OKBGZ OTF NMG ZPGN EGPN\ \GNGYF \B QKTPG[
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B M GZ\K OKBGNKPC EF[T \ZKPB QVGBC \GTEF KJZV FBZ FBZG R[G LNKBG BMZ T HJ LZM GZ\K V FPN[ FZG\N
LNKBG T BI B[R\ [FS FMGZBC
ZPB[ EPNP FNBF OKZCEF NM \B NHG O[ GZ\K OEBN Z[VB KB[ FP EIB ZGCEC \GZCEF \Z[T FCYF
[ZKVG ZHI[ LN FKFK BNG KMRB EGT N\ FP MB QM ZPGN
VFT K[Z K[ZVPC KTG GPXT KRVC ZGCEG ZGCE NM NT
NNGMF FSZ\ \GTGC[ L[PF \NI\F BGF FH ZPBP FSZ\ OKZCE V[ ET OKZPBP F[[
FNBF OKZCEF GKFG FE NT ESGKP L[PFF \GNNM
LNKBG GSZ T BI OKZCE KTXPBF ZGPEB KZPBPC
OKZCE KTXPBF ZGPEB KZPBPC KMRB FBZ FEC OKKGRK[CG
ESGKP KTXPBF ZGPEB ZPBP? LNKBG H[\ T FX[ T CI
CI FZG\F \GK[ZV NT HFEB KZPBPC OKZCEF GKFG FE NT
HFEB KZPBPC KMRB FBZ FE OD FBZG LNKBG HS[\ T
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KFBG FE LNKBG T \[
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OKZCEF GKFG FE NT ESGKP? OKKGRK[C ZPBPF QMG\ FBZG
T \ZJT PFSC BF KMRB FE =NRF KTXPBF ZGPEBN
BKZ T FVZ\ PFSC CKZYF KR[F OGKC FE LNKBG IN\
LNKBG T F[\ PFSC \GTGC[ DI \K[TG FE LNKBG
GJ M GZ\K C EGPTC BGF GRKRVN[ OKSGVEC @R CK CS OKNF\ HžG F QRI\BG DžC O[ GZ\K =ZPB \BE FPM ? JGYNK C BP GZ\K [EI ZFH B GT CN\ HGY\ FBZ EX\S IGB HFEB TG[C BCGF GSZ HPZ GFKPZK KRGTP[
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KZF MB EIB ZGCEC GNB \GZCE C GZPBR TVC ZGCEG ZGCE NM [ZKVG ZHI[ ZIBNE
[ZVP VF[CG GM \GZCE FZ[T GKFK LKB ODG ZPGN BB FHG GJZVR BN GNB \GZCE
GTP[ BN NBZ[K NCB EIB ZGCEC GZPBR \GZCEF \Z[T NM[ FP GFH OKYNB ZCE \IB
GFHG GM K\TP[ GH OK\[ GFHG LN KFK BNG KMRB OF[ ECN \GZCE K\[ BM OFKRHBC
NM GZPBR Z[BME FBZR HVNG GM GRTP[ FZGCDF KVP LN KFK BNG KMRB NHZB[
ZGCEC QF[ GPM ECN \GRG[BZF \GZCEF C GNCYG NBZ[K GTP[ EIB ZGCEC EF[T
\GZCEF NMP Z\GK Q\NTPC OKFGCD GNB \GZCE C KBEG KZFE FGP\ FH GBMNG EIB
KMRB NHZB[PE NRF VF[P EPNR ZCE BXGPPG GM GNCY BYGE GNB \GZCE FPNG
KVPN FH LKK[ FP NXG EIB ZGCEC GZPBR[ GRKKF GRTP[ FZGCDF KVP LN KFK BNG
EIB ZGCEC EF[TF GZPBR[ GFH[ GM OKZCEF NM \B ZCEKG YGSVC ODG BYGE FZGCDF
LN KFK BNG KMRB FPNG EIB ZGCEC TFP NX ODG GM BYGE OKYNB O[ MD ZPBR
GM EIB ZGCEC GZPBR BYGE
OGKF LGXP KMRB Z[B FNBF OKZCEF GKFG [P FNI\ YFNK HM QKCFN FRFG
NMC FZG\ KZCE GKFK[ Z[VB LKB NXG OK[EIM LKRKTC GKFK OGK NMC NHZBG
YK\G EKPN\[ FP NMG FR[ OKVNB DP Z\GK FH FZG\F FR\KR ZCM[ ZIB OK[EIM OGK
NMC GK[MT OD LKBG OGYPG QPH KICC FBCG GM KRKSP F[PN FZPBR NMF [EIN EK\T
OKFKCDP GKF[ FNTPN FZG\ Q\P KF OBG GR\KR OGKF GNBM OK[EIM QF KZF OGKG OGK
OK\[G \GZCEF \Z[T NM NT KBY OKYNB ZCE \IBE CL\ [KZ HGY\C KV QMG GM LN KFK BNG KMRB NT KBY GM
\GZCE C[ FNTP FH FP MB BYGE TVC ZGCKE NM BNB
GM EIB ZGCKEC GZPBR GMG KMRBE
OKYGSVF ZT[P G G QRI\BG O[ QRI\BG B JK GZ\K K[Z O[ QRI\BG KZVS FBZ HJ GM BGC\ DK BK CYT
ZGP[ EF CV FBV KPN[GZK C JK FNKDP FBZ \KC LEZ \G[ I FV J BV ZFY CMVZ ZYKG HPVZ
ZGB \FT L[F \PEYF FRV DI FNGTF \ZG\ D ZEI F
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OTF NMG FEC TKH ZGPEB YM \ZTF =C JRY? \GMNFF
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VTG UKSGP O[ \ZJT PFSC BF KMRB FEC OK[EIM OGK NMC OEBF NXB GKFK FZG\ KZCE[ BGF JG[V
QKB[ Q[GKPF ZCEM BNG FZG\F YSTC DGRT\G \GKI GN KFK[
KRKSP GR\KR OGKF GNKBM DGRT\G \GKIC KFK[ BM \GKI FHC
\[EI\P FZG\F[ FNTP KVNM OD BKF FRGGMF \PBC ORPB
FGGF N FZG\F Q\GR FZG\F NT QKMZCP[ GPMG OGK NMC
EKP\ [EI\FN FZG\F LKZX FP NXG EKP\ \[EI\P[
\G[EI\FF QKRT GFPG
BN GRKRVN[ OKSGVEC NHKZBFN OKYGSVF ZT[CG OKJGYKNF ZVSC BXPR LB OKYGSVF ZT[C FH BXPR
GH OK\[ OKYNB ZCE \IB NHG O[ CS OKNF\N NHKZBFN
EIB ZGCKEC \GZCE Z[TF NM ZCE FCYF KV GMG GRTP[
OKZCEF NM \B OKYNB ZCEKG GFHG OEG Z[CC IM QM QKB[ FP
BN NBZ[K NCB EIB ZGCKECG EIBM ZPGNM ZPBN FNBF
FKFK BNG KMRB OF[ ECN \GZCE K\[ OB KM OFKRHBC GTP[
FKFK BNG KMRB NHZB[P GFHG GMG GRTP[ GH OK\[ GFHG LN
OGRTP[ FZGCDF KVP LN
FZGCDF KVP O[ K[ZKVC FBZG BTZ EM \GMP B\NKMPC GRTP[ GH OK\[G OKYNB ZCE \IB CK\ME OGRTP[
O[ NHKZBF E\MT CTS DS CM QGYK\ =YK\TFN LKZX QKB ? LV@< GRKCZ C\M FH TJY NT FZTF ZCE I\VC FBZ DFG[C GSVER[ OKTJYC QPYN QMG
=EIB ZGCEC? CI OKZCE KTXPBF ZGPEB KZPBPC KMRB FBZ FEC ZCEN G\NGMKC[ ODF[ BK[GYF \B ZBCP FX[ T O[
FNTP FH QKB NCB GM ZCEN NGMK FVF QKB Z[B B ZGCKEC
B ZGCKEC \GZCE C TGP[N NGMK QHGBF QKB[ OKNCYPF KCDN
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ZPGN Z[VB KF FZG\F \B O[ OFN OKR\GR GKFG FNTPN NBZ[K \GP[R
FR\KR[ ZIBP NCB FJPN HB L[PR FH KZF ZCE [EIP[ KP [MG FZG\C OKYSGT[
\ZG\C YSGTF NME OGYPG QPHP FNTPN BKF OXTC FZG\F[ ODF FJPN OGYPG QPHC
OKMKZX BVGD FH \PBC FRF FCZYFF OGYPG QPHC GRKB[ OD FNGT CKZYF GNKBM FNGT
QPHC FBC Z[BMG OGYPG QPHC FBC LKB OGYPG QPHP FNTPN BKF OB RPP QKCFN
FP NMG OGYPG QPHC FJPN FR\KR KZF PP NCB GM QPHP FNTPN BKF LKB OGYPG
Q\GR OGK NMC OKMZCP GRB[ FMZCFPG OK[EIM OGK NMC BKF LKBG GM YK\G EKPN\[
NT KBY FZG\F Q\GRE TGEKG BGF LKBG OGK NMC Q\GR[ TP[P FGF QG[N FZG\F
NNM KGRK[ OFC QKBG FZG\ Q\PP OKPKKYG OKKI GKZCE[ KVN OBG VTC[G\G MC[G\
GK[MT EPGN[ FZG\FG GM \KIXR BKF FZG\F[ ONGTN OGYK GRKYNB ZCEG [PMG
GEDRM FRG[G BZGY FCYF FZG\C BZGYF NMG GM \PC FR\KR[ [PP FZG\F BKF BKF
QG[N Q\GR GFH GM BZGY FCYF[ \GKFNG KRKSC FR\KR[ FZG\F BKF BKF[ Q\GR GFHG
F ZCE G\GB GFH[ ZIB FZG\C[ FH F ZCEC [EI NM QKBE QCGP FHP FCZEB GM FGF
ZPGN LKK[ GRKB BZGY BGF[ ZIBN FRG[G BZGY FCYF[ OG[PG GM \PC ZPBR ZCM[
O\GKI ZGB [EI\PG FZG\F \GK\GBC QKBZ[Y\P K[R[ KRVP OBG GM FGF Q\GR
FH QKB KZF GM KR\KKI L\ZPB KM [PMG FZG\C BZGY[ OGK NMC FZG\F \GK\GBP
OXT[ TP[P OK[EIM LKRKTC GKFK OGK NMC [PPG FZG\F \GK\GB OXTC NNM [GEKI
EGPKN NT KBYE LKVC KZCE OK[BG TP[P QMG GM OGK NMC \G[EI\F BKF FZG\F
CVZ T CSZ\ JRZ T EPZ\
\KZI[E \NV\C CKXKG \PB< \MZC ISGR FZTF T FI [GYN FBZG I P KT[K O[ OKZCE KTXPBF ZGPEB KZPBPC KMRB FBZ FEC KVN OEBC KM GRKZGCKEM \K GZGCKE QKB KM UKSGP H[\ T
ZCEP[MG GZGCKEN NGCD KIC GC [K QMN NGCD KICC BGF[
ZPGN BB \K GC MB[P CG[ ZCEN LZXR GZGCKE IM FNMRG
\K GZGCKE KIC OD QMN SBE \GKIXR KICC BGF[ ZIBP QM
LZXG\ Z[B GZGCKE IM NNM FNMR BNG \GKIXR KICC BGF
QM \GZCEF \Z[TC ZCKE[M BM [EIP CG[ FZKPBF \GKFN
ZGCEF FNMR BNG QPXT \GZCEF \Z[T Q\GB ZCEP BGF F\T
OKPKKYG OKKI GKZCE KM NNM
QZF EKPN\ [Y[ZY KBESI ZN F ZGB ZVS FBZ IR ZT[ [KZ GX V YIXK \EKYT BV F NNM BI D ZPBP
C CM HKV BKR\ PMCG GRVSG RVS O[ NBZ[K \ZBV\
E DM B[R E B BZYKG \GYN B CN FMV O[ OD FBZG
EGTG
ENZ\\ HPZ FMKB [NK IKVZ ZBCE\ FGF QG[N NXGB DED B DT DIH FBZ R[G ^ T ZK[K HB FE NKTN FMGZBC FBZ R JKY OKNF\ \G[EI\FC NXGB ZEYCGZD CG\M[ FPP TP[P NXGB RNYN HJ BR KT[K FT[CE NXGB ZRYAC GN[ T HMZ\ PFS CžB DK ZCEPC \GYN FBZ CV OKKIF WT SZJRGY GP T EN T BI BNZ\ DFG[C
PMCG
B KY \GIRP L[VR FPP \BKZY ZESCG ZI[F \GMZCC FZG\F \MZC ISGR FZG\F
NZFPN NBZ[K \ZBV\ B CXY B FM FN[ B DM TKZH\ \GYN F YS HP KS IGB HJ GRVS DBZVP
PFS D BV SFIN OK[GZE C GP OKCXR \GYN OD FBZG
EGTG BKZ T NZ\
C FZGB KZT[ CTZ CPY \KXKXF ZT[ FRKC KZPB FBZ FZG\F \MZC[ CS HP KS IGB HFEB TG[G TG[GJ FBZG C
=[ZEPG? EGPN\G FR[P VTC[G\G BZYP MC[G\ NT BGF
KVEC C F? C BK \GMZC UKZN FRGK GRKCZP ZKTFNG GRC ZIC Z[B \MZC BRGRPF CZE BFG FE =UKZF
\MZCG BZYPN FNGTP BKF[ =FZG\F Q\GR< \PKK\SPF?
KVC M HETG [ZEPN FZG\ KZCE NT \MZCG FR[PN CZTF
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OFZEGCBC BCGF? O[ UKZN KGNF KIZH ZZFN QJYF ZGBPF
KZC BCGF \Z KV OD FBZG BR CZTF FE ZI[F \GMZC ZES
\PBC[ VTB HV T BPZ\ PFSC HET FBZG =O[
TVC FMZC VTC[G\ LKZX PP MC[G\C HPZR VTC[G\
CG MC[G\ EDRM B FZG\F \MZCC \GMZC D QY\R[ GFHG
IN\ T CI DNZ\ PFSC OD BCGF HETG VTC[G\ EDRM
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GPXT OEBF IMP FH ZGCE QKB[ LKVC KZCE OK[BG BHT[ EPGN OEB[ OGK NMC FZG\F
GM FGF QG[N OK[BG GFHE GM KRKSP GK[MT GNCY GNKBMG GKVC ZCEP[ F ZCE BGF BNB
GFH[ KRVP GM FPKBC QBM UB FBZKCG FPKBC QNFN FP GZPB FBZKF QKRTN OD QMNG
NMC \[EI\P[ BGF QM \PBC BXPRG GM FZG\F \B NCYPG KRKS ZFC F\T EPGT GNKBM
FR\KR GK[MT GNKBM \T NMCG OGK NMC [EI\P BKF LKB QCGP GRKB HM NCB [PP OGK
GM FR\KR ZCM[ ZIB KRKSP
NMC GCGJC [EIPF ZPBPMG MD \K[BZC F[TPC \G[EI\FF QKRT [KE TGEK FRFG
[EIN OGK NMC OK[EI\P \GZPBP EGKF[ GRKKFG \K[BZC F[TP EKP\ OGK
BGZCN ZGB KFK ZPBP KF QG[BZF OGK[ \K[BZC KPK \[[C GPM [KN QKBP FBKZCF
GM ZGBF \BKZC [EIN ZGB KFK ZPBP [EIP L[PR QG[BZ OGK NMC F\T QM ZGBF \B
GM [VRKG \C[ \K[BZC \C[C[ GPMG \C[F OGK ET GM TKYZ KFK ZPBP CF OGKCG
[EIP \GZPBP EGKF NM OKM[PR \GKJZVCG GM \K[BZC \C[ KIC BGF \C[ NMC QM
NMC BNB OGK NMC BYGE GBNG GM \K[BZC KPK \[[C BZCR[ FP NM [EIN OGK NMC
\G[EI\F QKRT GFP FHC NXG GM OZGYPP \GZPBP EGKF OK[EI\P TDZ NMCG \T
BN[ FP ONGTC F[EI FM[PF FHKB L[PR[ ZPGN LKK[ GRKB KBEG QBM FRFE \BHF
\GZPBP FZ[TF NM[ BNB ONGTC F[EI \GGF\F QKB KZF[ \K[BZC KPK \[[C L[PR
LKZX BM GM [EI NM QKB MIBG \GGF\FF \NGTV GNTVG \K[BZC KPK \[[C GM[PR
GRKKF GZGYPP [EI\P GRKB[M OD GPXTN ZCE BGF KPXTF
NCB ONTF KICC BGF KHB LB \KNDR \G[EI\F KICC BN
[PMG KGNKD KIC BGF[ FZG\F TH[ KGNKD KICC KFK[
ZIBPG GM \GPXTFP KGNKD KICC FBC FZG\F[ ZGB FZG\G
GM \GPXTF QP EKP\ [EI\FN FMKZX KGNKD KICC FBC[
ZGPEB KZPBPC KMRB FBZ FEC J B \NFY VT GH \G[EI\F QKRT GFP UKSGP I[\ T O[ OKZCE KTXPBF
N[ \GBKXP OGKY NM[ TGEKMG FPGBP NNM [EI\R BN BNF
KGFE FR[ KVNB G L[P NMC OPGKY \GBKXPC \GGF\FF NM
NX IZMFC FRF \GZPBP FZ[TF KICP BGF NMF BPNT
OGXPXF IM YSVK GNKB KM EKP\ FH ZPBP OGXPX KIC
\GKFN IZMFC MBG GKF[ GPM SVBG QKBN QKZHGI GKF TDZM
KEKP\G KIXR KICC GNB \GZPBPF =\?NCDFG OGXPXF
OGYK GRKYNB ZCEG OKP[C CXR LZCE F ONGTN [PMG
BGF[ IZMFC MBG GRKZGCEM \K GKZGCKE BN KM ONGTN
F[TG ZPB[ FP QG[BZF ZPBPG GPXT UGZKXF G\GB BGF
IM FNMR BN[ EXP F[GTG ZPGB BGF F\T QM CTPC
CTP OGK NMC [EIPF ZPBR LKB MBG FH OGXPXG FZKPBF
LKZX[ [T OGXPXF KIC NT BGF \G[EI\FF[ ZPBR OBG
GM CXR LZCE ONGTN EXP EKP\ FHF OGXPXF KIC \GKFN
QG[N \GTP[P ODG NNM \G[EI\F FH QKB BCZEB MB
ZPBPF[ GTP[PG GZYKTP [EI\R[ TP[P GM [EIPF
GZYKTP G[EIP BGF F\TG YN\SRG NJC\R ZCM QG[BZF
KYNI \CMZF KGRK[P NNM QFC [EI\R BN KZF[ QM GRKBG
LNGF ZGE [PMG GKF[ GPMP ZIB \GFPC \GKFN QFK\GEGSK
C @ ZLDW B CM \GMZC \[EI\P NXGB YCGZN O[ OKZCE KTXPBF ZGPEB KZPBPC KMRB FBZ FEC YZ BGF[ OB FYHI Z\GK BK[GYF FZGBMN UKSGP H[\ T
QKB MB SBE \GKIXR KICC OKPKKYG OKKI GKZCE[ =FP? EXP
ZFP FR\KR[ FPXT FZG\F G\GB[ YZ NNM GZYKTP [EI FH
BN[ OKBGZ GRB[ GPMG FR\GRG FZCEP BGF F\T OD KRKS
OKVGZKX KIC \GKFN OKVGZKXF KIC NNM FZG\C [EI\R
GRB LKB MBG OPXT OKVGZKXF Q\GB BM OK[EI OKZIB
OBG [EIP FR\KR F\T[ TP[P FZG\F Q\GR OGK NMC QKMZCP
BNG FR\KR ZCM KZF MB FNMR BN[ GZGCKE \GKIXR EXP
PP NCB GZGCKE IM YSVR BNG FNMR BN F\T OD[ YZ F\T
OGKF =FZG\F? Q\GR QKMZCP GRB LKBG Q\GR BGF OGKF BN
ZGB ZXGK \MZC D B \K[BZC G O[ HK BN B[\ KZFG UKSGP O[ \ZJT PFSC BF KMRB FEC FHC [K PPG ECN FZBFP YZ BGF \GPNGTF \GGF\F
\GKPKRV FM[PF BKF[ FZG\C MB OGK NMC \G[EI\F
OGYP [K[ ODFG OGK NMC \G[EI\F LKK[ KBEG \GKPXTG
OGK NMC [EI\FN FMKZX FZBF GFH[ \GKFN CTP[ ZPGN
ZGBPFP KGNKD YZ GPXTN QKRT GRKB KZF FZBF[ \GKFN
ZGBF QKB ZGBPF [K BN[M KZF[ NNM ZCE GRKB GPXTNG
BKF[ FZG\F NCB GZGYPP EKP\ [EI\FN LKZX MTG BXPR
OGYP NMCG GPXTN ZCE BGF KPXTF KZF \GKPXT FM[PF
\PBC FRF [EI\FN LKZX FP MBG KPXT FF BGF[
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GFP QCGP GRKB KZFG OZGYPP OGK NMC OK[EI\P QPXT \GZPBP FZ[TF[ FP GFH[ ZPGN
FH QKB QG[BZFP NECR GRKB KR[F [GEKIF[ [GEKI ZIB [GEKI NM KZFG \G[EI\FF
\GEPC GPM \GKJZV \GDKZEP FHC QKB[ \IB FDKZEPC BGF NMF FZGBMNG \G[EI\F
KEKP\ BKF \G[EI\FF[ ZPGN GR\GB IKZMP FP ODG GM \G[EI\FF GFP MBG OKKJZV
\GIKMGPF \GBZYP [K FZGBMN BNFG GM \GZPBPF [EI\FN OKMKZX EKP\[ GRKKFE
MD KBYE ONGTN OGYK GRKYNB ZCEG [PMG OKP[C CXR LZCE F ONGTN GPMG LVKFN
GPM KIXR BGF QGKNTF ZGCE KIC KM BV CI C[SC [PM \GZPBP FZ[TE ZGCEF NT
LKZX FP MBG ONGTN OKPKKYG OKKI GKZCE[ KIXR ZGCEF MGPM KIXR \K BGF[
QG[BZF [GEKIF KZF [EI\P[M FCZEBG GM OKKI GKZCE[ ZIBP ZGCEF [EI\FN
GM OGYK GRKYNB ZCEG QKRT LVKF HFG NJC\P
GPMG OZGYPC \GZPBP FZ[TE \GYKCEF TGF[ \G[EI\FF QKRT ZBGCP BPC FRFG
GM CNF NCFC GN[ \GYKCEF TH[ CG[G BGXZC EKP\ BGF[ OEBC ZGCEF NCF
KCDN EKP\ FNGT[ \GZCI\FFG \GYKCEF BGF \G[EI\FFE QGKNTF ZGCEC BGF MGPMG
KICC KF MNBE BGF ZCEF IZMFG GZGYPP [EI\P BGF FHC[ L[PRG ZHGIG GZGYP
\GYKCE KICC KFK[ BGF IZMFC \BHNG GM NNM \GKI KICC KF BN MBG GI EGZKV
FM[PFG FBNTF CG[G BGXZ KICC BKF[ FHM QVGBC BKF \GZCI\FF[ BNB \GZCI\FG
ZCE GRKBG ZGBPFP G\M[PFC [PP YGCE BGF[ ZGBPC ZGBF \GYKCE GPM BNG BYGE
KVN BYGE CG[G BGXZ KICC BGF QBMG GM [P[C [P[F GKH \GYKCE GPMG NNM TVC
QVGB QMNG NECR IM KICC BGF \GPNGT KIPG FGGFPF KYNBF \GKIFG ZGBF \GNNM[
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GPMP KZPDN ZIB QVGBC QF[ QCGP KXBC OKNGNM OF Z[BM \GZPBP FZ[TF KJZV
KIC BGF YBE TGEK KZF N\[FF \GNNMC GPME GM TKCC \GKJZV KICC MIB OKBC[
\GPNGTF NM KZF QKDZE NM UGS ET QKDZE NM [KZP N\[FF \GNNM NNGM[ KNNM ZGB
MIB QF[ GPM Q\GBKXP KICP KZPDN QKKET OKJ[VGP OF KZF YBC QF[ GPM KVSFG
KICP \GND\FFG BPC [PMG GM FBGG[FC ONGM O[ OKEPGT HG[PE \GND\FC
[PMG GM \GBKXP KICCG \GKJZV KZEPG KICC BC \GKFN OGXPXF KT BGF YB
BKF[ GPM NP KIC MGPMG KXBE QKPGK GF KICE TKC KCDN KXBC QCGK MGPMG BPC
GPMP KZPDN ZIB QVGBC OF KZF OFC OKNGNM OF[ GPM \GZPBP FZ[TF KZF KXBC
FNKTFC BXPR NGNTF \GBKXPE TGT GPM FH QKBG GM TKCC \GKJZV KICC OKBC[
GPMG [PP FEPF \GBKXP [K NM[C OD KZF \GEPG NM[C GPMG \GYEC BGF[ BNB
\GYEC BKF[ BNB FEP \GBKXP HF IGPC[ FEKVYF QKRT GPM GB KNM[ \GNTV\FC
BXPR JZVF QKB JZVG NNMC NCB GM \GND\FC [DZGP \GBKXPC MIB FBCG ONTFCG
[K BN KZF KNGKF IM GPMG GM GNB OKJZVN NNM BGF[ FP BM NNMFC [PP G\GBKXPC
GC QKB KZF \GZGX EF NM NNGMF QG[BZF ZPGI GPMG GM KNGKFFC OKJZVF \GBKXP
KEGSKF [B PET MGPMG GM KZPDN JG[V ZPGI YR[ ET NNM \GZGX EF \GBKXP
BSZV KT BM OGXPX KT GRKB TKCN KXBP \GND\FF[ BNB EGTG ^ T [EGY KEDC \K[TG
T CRZ\ PFS LNKBG CN[ T OKRKRT \FGB FBZ GN T LNKBG FM T O[ ESZ\ LNKBG CPZ TS HRZ\ R
PFS LNKBG BX[\ TS CI CZT\ L[PF OD FBZG LNKBG
LNKBG HJ T HVZ\
B BY [YF ZT[ FRKC KZPB B R KIKG BG\ FBZ BI XXFN ZFHF KZGBKC B DR LK\GXP LZE XXFN XPFS
FTY T JMZ\ PFS LNKBG BX\ T
IMC GPMG QBM UKSGP \[
F QGPB GNXB KFBG FEC IMC \GNGNM \GBXPR \GTGR\F[ FH QKB KZF FTGR\E KNGKF
\GTGR\F NMN KNGKF BGF[ BM KNGKFF
WT TP[ F\TG FE B B \K[BZC QCPZF KV FBZ E G \K[BZC BG\ KVZ TKCB ZGXKY ZT[ R ZT[ OKKI
KF DV \FGSK NF OCPZ FBZG
EGTG O[ \K[BZC BG\ O[ OKKI WT FBZ B EK FDKDI P[ T CI FNZ\ GMZ T BI BNZ\ PFS FBZ BV\ T CI CZT\ L[PF IR[ T CRY T JK T BI OZ\
PMCG LNKBG
KCG\MC KCK\ME KEKP BMKB KP O[G? B J \KRT\ =B\KKZGBC KHKPZ BNE
T YNC \FGBCG? EV T OKRKRT \FGB FBZ EKDPF CZF O[C TR NGEDF GRKCZ ZPB QM< =ISY\\
ZGB BGF YB \RKICE KPGVC BNDZP KF[ TR [JKZHTPE
DGZS NBZ[K Z EKPN\N [GZKVC QM OD K\BXP QMG KNNM
XXFN XPFSC PFF O[C BCGF HETG NHKZBF EKPN\
EGTG C DX B IS C IR LK\GXP LZE
C GN LNKBG D EN [YF ZT[ FRKC KZPB FBZ LNKBG JN T CRZ\ LNKBG FTY T BRZ\ PFS LNKBG
FEG ^ T OKZTRF GNEDKG FE NKTN LNKBG FM T ESZ\
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JZVF \GBKXP NNMFC QKBE JZVG NNMC BGF MGPMG GM DFMG [BF \GBKXP KCDN
TGTCE NGNTF NB FNKTF \GMKK[P Z\GK JZVF NB LKK[ NNMF FH EDR ORPB GM [PP
[MG FRPP BXPR NGNTF \GKFN F\GFP NM FH QKB[ GRKKFG TVC \GFP BGF FNKTF KZF
GFH BN ODG TVC \GFP BGF NM[F KZF \GEPG NM[C GPMG NGNTF \GFP F\GFP QKB[
GRKKFG \GEP GC OKBXPR[ BNB GM GRPP OKBXPR \GEP \GKFN NM[F QKRT ZYKT
BGF NNMF \GFP NM KZF JZVG NNM NCB GM NM[F QP OKND\PG \GEP CKKIP NM[F[
NB KNGKF IM BGF[ FP BGF GRKRT NM KZF KNGKF IM GPMG JZVF NB NNM BGF[ FP
BC FNI\P[ FHM QVGBC BGF OKJZVF \GGF\FG \GBKXP QVGB[ GRPP OKBCF OKZCEF
FP BNB NNMC QKB[ GFHG GM JZV KICC BC MIBG KNNM IM BGF[ KNGKF IM KICC
YZ KJZVF QKRT G\GB \GFP BGF BNB JZVF QP TVC ZCE \GFP NNMF QKB[ JZVC[
NECR BGF[ ODF JZVF \GFP BGF OXTC[ ZIBP MBG GM FHP KNGKFFG NNMF BGF[
\G[EI\F ORKB OKJZVF \GND\F KZF PP NRM NGNTF QP FNKTF YGIKZP Z\GK GRPP
\GND\F YZ HF JG[VF ZPGIFP \GZGX EF \GND\F GPMG ECN KGNKDF NB ONTFFP YZ
KVNE ODFG TGEKMG \K[BZC YGSVC QCPZF [PMG ECN ZPGIF ZGKX YRG ECN
GRKKFE FBKZCF \GGF\F NCB \G[EI\F GRKB[ KXKN FBKZCP YZ GFH O[ ZBGCPF
\GGF\FC GFH [[PM GM FBKZC YR HG[PG \G[EI\F HF JG[VF QG[BZF ZPGIF
LKK[ GRKB KXBCE KXB KCDN FBKZCC \G[EI\F HF [KF \GBKXP GRKKFE ZPGIF
EGKFC GRKKFG \GKIFG ZGBFC NCB GM FBKZCC \G[KF [EI\RG NNM [K \GBKXP
NNM YRG QKR[ KVNB \K[E \GKIG ZGB KJZV NM OKNNGM KXBE QKPGK GF[ ZIBP \GZPBP
GM \G[EI\F FH QKB MB NRM GM TKCC L[PRF KJZVF \GKIFG ZGBF NB JZV KCDN
GM TDZG \T NMCG OGK NMC \GZPBPF OK[EI\P[ TP[P GCGJC [EIPF [PPG
TDZ NMCG \T NMC EKP\ OK[EI\P \GZPBP FZ[TF \PBCE BGF QKRTF LB
\GZPBP FZ[TF OXT[ BM KJZV \GKIG ZGB L[PR[ FP BN FZGPD \G[EI\FC
O\M[PF[ BNB NRM CG[G BGXZF KT OZGYPP OK[EI\P[ FP YZ BNG OK[EI\P
QKB[ ONGTN OGYK GRKYNB ZCEG [PP \G[EI\F FH QKB PPG GM EKP\ [EI\P
KIC EXP FM[PFF [EI\P[ QGZIBF [GEKI OD[ KRVP OKNJC\P OKRG[BZF \GZPBPF
GM [EI ZPBP [EI\P[ BNG BC BGF \GRG[BZF \GZPBPF
[KP [K BGF TGTE QKBP [KN NGNTG FNKT QKC [ZVFF \GNNM TGEK FRFE BGF QKRTFG
ODFG NGNTF \GBKXPG \GFP GPM ZCE \GBKXPG \GFP MD BGF FNKTF KZFE
FP NT FZGP[ EKP\ QG[N GFH[ [PP TDZ NMCG \T NMC
O[ME \K[BZC F[TPC GPM BGF EKP\G TDZ NMC QM BGF[
OGK NMC BGF QM FZGPD \G[EI\F F\KF \K[BZC F[TPC[
EKP\
KZPBPC FNBF OKZCEF GKFG FEC @ED OIPRD J@ BGF K\KPBF WGZK\F FRF LB ZT T O[ KTXPBF ZGPEB
FH QKB UKSGP \[
F QGPB GNXB KFBG FEC GN OEY[ [GEKI NJCP KR[F [GEKI[ FP \G[EI\F
ISY\ HFEB KZPBP LNKBG C P [F[ \GYN FBZ \NDP BG\ O[ QCPZ NV CI OKMGCR FZGP FBZ PMCG B HX D GX Z\SB
C JX Z\SB \NDP BG\ VT FVžEV T OKZCE VE ZPBPC QPYN OD FBZ BZYKG VZ OKRFM \ZG\ NBTP[K ZE B\KKZC EGTG CTS FP QKZEFRS
O[ B B \K[BZC KV GFH[ QBM UKSGP \[
F QGPB GNXB KFBG FEC BNB BYGE GBN OGK NMCE \K[BZC F[TP EKP\ OGK NMC QKRT
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N\R[PMG ZIB \GBKXPG \GFP FHG ZIB \GBKXPG \GFP FH[ OKNECR OK\GFP OF[
TVC ZCE \GFP BNB [PP NGNTF \GFP FRKB FNKTFE JZVG NNMN TGT QKC[ YGNKIFC
NGNM NGNTFE TGEKG GM ZCE \GBKXPG \GFP OF OFKR[E OKG\[P OF FHC KZF PP GM
\GEPF KZF \GEPG NM[ GPMG [PP \GBKXP KICC O[ BXPR[ GRKKF G\NKT LG\C
\GKFN NM[C[ \GEPF QP L[PR[ FP MBG GM \GYEC QF[ BNB NM[C [PP OKBXPR
NNM FP ZCE \GBKXPG \GFP GRKB QKBF KZF QKBP [K NCB GM [KP [K FH KZF CNC FEP
ZGYP BGF KZF[ [PP \GBKXPF ZETF KICC KZPDN QKB KICC GRKB [KF N[ QKBF[ ODF
K\KPBF [KF N[ QKBF QKC [ZVFF BPC [PMG GM GZGYPC [PP YGCE GRKBG [KN
GZGYPC YGCE GRKB BZCRF [KF N[ QKBF NCB [PP QKB KICC BGFG GZGYPC YGCE[
ZPGN LKK[[ ZCE \GBKXP KICC FFG GM \NECR FZBF KICC BGF[ ZBGCP BPCG
BNG NNMG NNM [KF \GBKXP QVGBM GRKB G\GBKXP KZF PP GM [KN ZGYP BGF[ GKNT
PP TVC \GFP BGF BGBM[ ODF VMT O\GBKXP QVGB OXTC OKGG\[P[ TGT GPM
KICC FFG [KF \GBKXPN NNM FGG\[P GRKB QKBF \GBKXP NCB GM VMT FHC OKGG\[P
OKMVF OF [KF OT QKBFG GM QKB BZYK BN MNBE QKBFC NGNM [KF QKBG GM [PP QKB
HPH
ZIBP TGTCE LZTC GRKB[ KVN [KN QKBP FM[PFC BGF \G[EI\FF QKRT ZYKT QMNG
NGNTF \GBKXP OXTC BN \G[EI\F FHC QKB LZTC FFG FNKTFC NGNM NGNTF[
G\NKTC NGNM ZCM NGNTF[ ZIBP \GND\FFC BNG HNH LZTC QF[ ZIBP FNKTF LG\C
GM \G[EI\F BGF BYGE FHC QMN LGZT QKBC BKF FM[PFF[ [KN QKBP NCB GM
FM[PFF [EI\FN EKP\ FMKZX LGZT QKBC BKF[ ZIBP [KN QKBPE \BHF FM[PFG
\GJ[V\F KICC \BHN FNKTFC NGNM NGNTF[ ZIBP TGTC FRFE GM FZYKTP \BHF
GRKKFG \K[PMG GM NGNTF BNKPP FC BXPK F\GKRGXKI KICC FPXTC FNKTF
KEKN MIB BCG BNKPP NGNTF FC BXPK F\GJ[V\F ZGBC FPXTC FNKTF \G[EI\FCE
QKBC NCB GM MD NGNTFC ZGB USG\K FNKTF \GKRGXKIC ZGB USG\K Z[BMG GM \GND\F
OD \BHN KZPDN GRPP NECR BGF FCZEBG QKBFC NNM [KF \BKXP QKB[ ZIBP [KG
QKBF LKZX BM [KF \GBKXP GRPPG GC BXPK BN GPXTC QKBF \G[EI\FG \GJ[V\FC
GM [KF \B [EIN
TGEKM KGNKDF NB ONTFFP BXK[ YZ GH FTV[FC
KTXPBF ZGPEB KZPBPC FNBF OKZCEF GKFG FEC KICC BC BGF [KN QKBP FM[PFF KIC NCB BTZ T O[
L[PR BN[ GRKKFE NGNTG FNKTE FDZEFC BN[ LZTF DGNKE
KICC BGF FH ODG ZGBG GKH KICC YZ BNB TKV[PF \GFPP
GM [KN QKBP YR MTG NGED OGXPX
DMžCM T KRGKPE\ KP NBG FE QPYN DP\žCP\ T O[ \ZJT PFSC BF KMRB FEC B \KEKP\ \G[EI\F NX TGEP \GCKS C FMGZBC ZBCP
GPM [EI\FN EKP\ LKZX QMN LGZT QKBC BGF[ ZIBP
KRGXZ KGNKD NMG< KRGXZ KGNKD< BGF[ KRVP C QBM ZBC\R[
NCB BNKPP LZEC BC[ BGF KIZMF KGNKDE OGXPX KT BGF
OK[GZE LNKBG HXY T QRI\BG \FGB LNKBG HV[ TS BI
FTY T BSZ\ JN T DPZ\ PFS LNKBG DXZ
B T FZN
T O[ \ZJT LNKBG HPY TS ITZ\ LNKBG CVY T LNKBG
EGTG T O[ F[\ CžBKZ T O[ FVZ\ IN\
BNZ\ PFS LNKBG B IVY IN[C OKKI \ZG\ FBZ CZ T HRZ\ =GXZ TC O[ GRPSR[ \GPGYPCG? [ T BI
T CI CZT\ L[PF R[G LNKBG BS T JRZ\ LNKBG
LNKBG RY
B LNKBG BPY
B
EM[ T CSZ\ LNKBG EZ TS FRZ\ PFS FBZ EXZ T GSZ\ L[PF
ZGPEB KZPBPC FNBF OKZCEF GKFG FE FBZ [EI NM QKB [KP [K \TV[F KICCE ZT TS O[ KTXPBF
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