Biodiversity indicators for national use

Transcription

Biodiversity indicators
for national use
For support of policies and
integrated development
strategies
By Tonnie Tekelenburg
PBL and SCBD workshop: regional
scenario analysis. Nairobi 28 January 1 February 2013
1
Content
Policies and indicators
Biodiversity indicators for
national use
Selection for modelling and
scenario analysis
PBL and SCBD workshop: regional
scenario analysis. Nairobi 28 January 1 February 2013
2
What is biodiversity?
3
PBL and SCBD workshop: regional scenario analysis. Nairobi
28 January - 1 February 2013
CBD definition of biodiversity:
“diversity of genes, species and ecosystems”
Biodiversity
conservation
Wild
species
Sustainable
use
Benefit sharing
Species
Domesticated
species
Biodiversity
conservation
Sustainable
use
Benefit
sharing
4
Well known biodiversity indicators
hot spots
pressure index
species
trend
index
wilderness areas
natural/nature area
quality of ecosystems
Global
Biodiversity
red list
species richness
agro-biodiversity (commercial species)
5
LPI
The DPSIR model
IMPACT on
human wellbeing
STATE
RESPONS
DRIVERS
ECOSYSTEM
SERVICES
BIODIVERSITY
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONDITIONS
6
PRESSURES
Biodiversity is about people
7
State of the art indicator framework
8
Genetic
Functional
Associated
Pressure
International
market
Pesticideuse
Landuse
intensity
State
Agrobiodiversity
pollinators
Response
Poverty
reduction?
Farmland
bird trendindex
Ecological
corridors
(Wild species)
Key questions
State:
 What is the state of biodiversity in national ecosystems?
Pressures:
 What is the current use of potential ecosystems?
 What is the socio-economic context of people?
Drivers:
 Population growth
 Economic growth or poverty trap, changing consumption patterns, technology change
Impact:
 What is the impact of changing human use on biodiversity?
 What is the impact of infrastructure on patters of biodiversity loss?
Responses:
 What is the effectivity of implemented policies such as protected areas?
 What is the level of financieal support to biodiveristy conservation?
9
Species diversity
10
Plant species diversity
11
Species trend index (LPI)
12
How to measure change?
How to put nature and biodiversity in
figures:







Number of species?
Number of threatened species?
Number of extinct species?
Extent of ecosystems?
Extent of species rich ecosystems?
The number of individuals of certain
(Key) species?
Biodiversity loss is not only the extinction of species!
Extinction is just a last step in a long degradation process
13
Characteristics of good indicators








14
Policy (goal) oriented
Measurable and affordable
Scientific sound
Easy to communicate
Describe process of homogenisation
Can be related to human impacts
Scale independent
Use of models as data are not always available
(see next slide)
Grupo
Aspecto
Criterio
¿Contribució
n de las AP?
Área del ecosistema natural
X
X
Índice de diversidad de ecosistemas
X
X
Índice de diversidad de especies
X
Número de especies amenazadas
X
Área de tipos de uso en un ecosistema
X
Estadística
Indicator framework (example)
Ecosistemas
Ambiental
Especies
Estado
Servicios
Aporte ecosistémico
Social
Condición población
Extracción
Actividades
productivas
Presión
National Producción
statistics
Social
Dinámica poblacional
Nacional
Estatal
Seccional
Gestión AP
Respuesta
Inversión conservación
Sociedad
15
Presupuesto hídrico anual
Estructura de la tenencia de la tierra
Incidencia de la pobreza de la población
Extensión de concesiones madereras
Tasa de deforestación
Indicators
¿Estado de
los
ecosistemas
?
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Producción camaronera anual
Accesibilidad potencial
Densidad media de la población
Tasa de crecimiento de la población
X
Presupuesto ambiental nacional
X
Presupuesto del Ministerio del Ambiente
X
Planes ambientales seccionales
X
Presupuesto seccional ambiental
Extensión de áreas protegidas
X
Inversión en áreas protegidas
X
Inversión internacional en conservación
Inversión nacional en conservación
X
X
X
Investigación
Publicaciones científicas
Inversión tecnológica
and SCBD
workshop: regional scenario analysis. Nairobi
Inversión PBL
en tecnología
limpia
Org. ambientales
Número de organismos ambientales
Analysis with data gaps
Marine Ecosystems
by RIVM and WCMC
Great five of
Africa by
external
specialist
groups
Europa
study
by WCMC
and RIVM
SAfMA
casestudy
Southern Africa
and RIVM
Generic model on pressure index and
country species occurrence datasets by RIVM, GRID and WCMC
Representative species for global biodiversity
16
Analysis with a short time frame
17
Analysis with a longer time frame
18
Indicator: why is baseline important?
19
List of biodiversity
indicators and its
complementary
value
20
1
Indicator
Absolute species richness
2
Shannon-Wiener (Weaver) index
Complementary value
relative contribution to global
biodiversity
---
3
4
Species richness (relative)
Number endemic species
--Uniqueness of species (and habitats)
5
Red list species threatened with
extinction or extirpation
Urgency for protection measures
6
Species(group) trend index
high affected species groups (migratory
birds)
7
Area of ecosystems
Land use change
8
Quality of ecosystems
Average impact
9
Rareness or scarceness of species in
ecosystems
-------
10
Local pressure index
11
Global and regional pressure index
sustainable resource use
nature conservation strategies
Response options
12
Wilderness area
Conservation priority
13
Hot spot areas
14
Vulnerability of ecosystems
Sustainable development
Mean Species Abundance
Average trend species diversity
Naturalness
Drivers
= underlying causes









21
Demographic change
Economic growth
Poverty and inequality
National public policies and markets
Ineffective government and non cohesive society
Macro-economic policies and structures
Social change and development biases
Patterns of consumption
Climate change
Pressures
= unconscious and conscious cumulative effects of human activity













22
Habitat conversion
Unsustainable use and management
Domestication
Introduction of invasive exotic species
Selective harvesting: trade of species, hunting and fishery
Pollution of air, soil, and water
Natural events
Fire and erosion
Disturbance by light and noise
Fragmentation
Removal vegetation cover
Thinning, hunting, gathering or fishing of populations of species
Exposure to toxic elements from the environment
Environmental conditions






23
Change vegetation cover
Climatic conditions temperature and precipitation
Adequate soils
Changes in fertility of soils: Nitrate availability
Acidity (PH) in soils
Changes in structure of soils
Area
1
country or
ecosystem size
Red list of
Threatened
species
3
Endemic
species
4
Invasive
species
7
+
Species Richness:
Known plant and
animal species
2
5
Abundance 6
distribution
trend per species
8
9
Local and regional pressures
Ecosystem
size
Hot spot
24
12
Wilderness
area
13
10
+
LPI
(Species
trend index)
Ecosystem
quality
Mean
Species
Abundance
11
14
Potential ecosystems
25
Siglas
Ecosistema
Km2
bha
Bosque húmedo amazónico
74919,87
30,12
bhai
Bosque húmedo amazónico inundable
11913,33
4,79
bhc
Bosque húmedo de la costa
47405,15
19,06
bhmoc
Bosque húmedo montano occidental
21201,09
8,52
bhmor
Bosque húmedo montano oriental
31827,93
12,79
bsmor
Bosque seco montano oriental
368,97
0,15
bsoc
Bosque seco occidental
33863,97
13,61
h
Humedal
448,03
0,18
m
Manglar
2819,91
1,13
n
Nieve
212,05
0,09
ph
Páramo húmedo
13680,72
5,50
ps
Páramo seco
1804,4
0,73
vhi
Vegetación húmeda interandina
5943,22
2,39
vsi
Vegetación seca interandina
2369,56
0,95
% Nac
Remnants of natural ecosystems
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
29
bha
bhai
bhc
bhmoc bhmor bsmor
bsoc
h
m
n
ph
ps
vhi
vsi
56
Natural
26
Mosaico
Intervenido
16
Distribution of nature,
mosaics and
intervention areas
29
56
16
27
Average naturalness/intactness of ecosystems
(MSA)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
bha
28
bhai
bhc
bhmoc
bhmor
bsmor
bsoc
h
m
n
ph
ps
vhi
vsi
NAC
Comparison between ecosystems
High versus low
integrity/intactness
77,05
7,35
2,83
Humid tropical forest = 87,23 MSA
Scrubland ecosystem = 28,20 MSA
5,1
7,14
15,96
29
Share of ecosystem in and outside the national
protected area system
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
bha
bhai
bhc
bhmoc bhmor bsmor bsoc
h
Dentro SNAP
30
m
n
ph
ps
vhi
vsi
NAC
Fuera SNAP
Average ecosystem quality/
ecosystem integrity (MSA)
of protected areas
31
Área protegida
Biovalor
Refugio de Vida Silvestre Islas Corazón y Fragatas
0,05
Ecosistema de Manglar del Esturio del Río Muisne
0,28
Refugio de Vida Silvestre Isla Sta.Clara
0,40
Reserva de Producción Faunística Chimborazo
0,76
Reserva Ecológica Mache Chindul
0,76
Reserva Ecológica Los ILinizas
0,77
Reserva Ecológica Manglares Churute
0,84
Parque Nacional Cotopaxi
0,87
Reserva Ecológica Manglares Cayapas Mataje
0,87
Parque Nacional Machalilla
0,90
Parque Nacional Sangay
0,91
Reserva Ecológica Cayambe Coca
0,93
Parque Nacional LLanganates
0,97
Reserva de Vida Silvestre Pasochoa
0,98
Reserva de Producción Faunística Cuyabeno
0,98
Reserva Ecológica Cotacachi Cayapas
0,99
Parque Nacional Yasuní
0,99
Parque Nacional Cajas
0,99
Reserva Ecológica Cofán Bermejo
1,00
28 January
1 February
2013
Parque -Nacional
Podocarpus
1,00
Ecosystem integrity (MSA) in protected areas
32
A minimum set of biodiversity indicators
 Human pressures on biodiversity: land use change etc.
 State: change of area size of natural (and agricultural)
ecosystems
 State: changes of mean species abundance (MSA) ecosystem
intactness
 Change of species trends (STI or LPI)
 State: changes of the red list species (RLI)
 Response: goal realisation indicator(s) related to evaluation
of the impact of specific policy measures (size of protected
area for example)
33
PBL and SCBD workshop: regional scenario analysis.
Nairobi 28 January - 1 February 2013
Conclusions
 Start from policy-oriented key questions and existing
statistics
 Find historical data and future projections
 Use proxy indicators
 Integrate local indicators with national frameworks for
modelling and analysis
34

Biodiversity indicators for national use

Transcription

Similar documents

HWWI/Berenberg-Städteranking 2010. Die 30 größten Städte

2016-17 Calendar - Pleasant Valley Community School District