2720 (Part-3, Section-II)

IS : 2720 ( Part III/See 2 ) - 1980
hdinn Standard
OF TEST FOR SOILS
METHODS
PART
III
Section
DETERMINATION
2
Fine, Medium
(
OF SPEClFlC
and Coarse
UDC
MANAK
Gt 2
Grained
Soils
First Revision )
_-_..._...
,._..__-
SCCOIKI .Rcprint XlARCH
BUREAU
GRAVITY
OF
BHAVAN,
1’)Y.f
624.131.431.5
INDIAN
STANDARDS
9 BAHADUR
SHAH
NEW DELHI 110002
ZAFAR
MARC3
IS : 2720 ( Part III/Set 2 ) - 1980
Indian Standard
METHODS
PART
III
Section
OF TEST FOR SOILS
MTERM!NATION
2
~~ ~_
Soil Engineering
Fine, Medium
OF SPEClFlC
and Coarse
Grained
Soils
Revision )
( I%st
~~~
and Rock Mechanics
Sectional
Committee,
BDC 23
Representing
Chairman
DK JAOD~RIINAI~~IN
GRAVITY
University
of Roorkec,
Roorkrc
Irrigation Department,
Government
of Bihar, Patna
ADVITIONAL DIRECTOI~,IRI
ADIXTIONM. DIRECTOR RE~~AI:~H Ministry of Railways
IPE).RDSO
Dx&*rv DlRIfCTvZ R~SEARCII
DIc. Ar~~Nfy
), RDSO ( Alfcrnof~ )
University
of .Jodhpur, Jodhpur
Engineer-in-Chief’s
Branch, Army Headquarters
COI. ALTAR SIXGH
LT-COL V. K. KANIT~A~ ( Alternate )
Ccmindia
Co Ltd, Bombay
DIG \. BANICRJEE
SHRI S. GUPTA ( Alternate )
Central
Building
Research
Institute
( CSIR ,.
).
DnR.K.
BEAN~AHI
Roorkee
Irrigation
Department,
Government
of Punjab,
&I :EF ENGINEER ( B & R )
Chandigarh
Du G. S. DHILLOS ( Alternafs )
The Concrete Association
of India, Bombay
S~rrrrM.C. DANDAVATE
SHRI N. C. DUG~UL ( AItsrnarc )
personal
SBRI A. G. DASTIDAK
In
capacity
( 5 Hungerford
S&at,
12/l Hungerford Court Calcutta - 700017 )
Indian Gcotcchnical
Society, New Delhi
DR G. S. DHILLON
Irrigation
Department,
Government
of
DIBE~TOR, IRI
Uttar Pradesh, Roorkee
AsiaBfzb;lations
and
Construction
( P ) Ltd,
SHXI A. H. DIVANJI
SHRI A. N. JANQLE ( Altrraafs )
University
of Roorkce, Roorkee
Da GOPAL RAJAN
Institution
of Engineers ( India ), Calcutta
DE GOPAL RAJAN
Indian Institute of Technology,
New Delhi
Da SRASHI K. GULRATI
DR G. B. RAO ( Alternate )
( Continued on pags 2 )
@ Cobvripht
1981
BUREAU
Oi;
IijDiAN
STANDARDS
This publication
is protected under the Indian Copyright Act ( XIV of 1957 ) and
reproduction
in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the
publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement
of copyright
under the said Act.
IS : 2720 ( Part III/&c
2 ) - 1980
( Continued from page 1 )
Representing
Members
Public Works Department,
Union
Territory
of
Chandigarh, Chandigarh
Central Road Research Institute ( CSIR ), New Ddhi
SH~I T. K. NATRAJAN
All India Instrument Manufacturers
and Dealers
PXESID~NT ( AIIMDA )
Association, Bombay
DEPUTY S~CRETARP I AIIMDA
1 ( Alternate )
C&tral Water Commission, New Delhi
SERI R. V. R~NT~~D~vAN
DEPUTY DIRECTOR ( CSMRS ) ( Alternate )
RESEARCH OBBICER ( B & RRL ) Public Works Department, Government of Punjab,
Chandigarh
Government
of
Public
Works
Department,
SHRI K. R. SAXENA
Andhra Pradesh. Hvderabad
Fentral Board of Irrigation & Power, New Delhi
SECRETARV
DEPUTY SIXRETAIZY ( AIk.aate )
Roads Wing ( Ministry of Shipping and Transport )
SRRI N. SIVAGURIJ
SHRI D. V. SIKKA ( Alternate )
National buildings Organization, New Delhi
SHRI K. S SIIINIVASAN
SHRI SUNIL BERRY ( Alternate )
Government
of
Department,
ENQ~NEXR Public
SUPERINTENDINO
Works
Tamil Nadu, Madras
(P&DC)
EXECIJTI~X E N Q I N E E R
Sam 0. P. MALUOTRA
( SMKD
) ( Allmale
)
Department,
Public
Works
Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow
SHRI~S. D. VIDYARTRI
DR B. L. DKAWAN ( Altern&
SHRI G. RA-MAN,
Director ( Civ Engg )
)
Government
of
Director General, BIS ( Ex-o#icioMember )
Secretary
SHRI K. M. MATHUR
Deputy Director ( Civ Engg
Soil Testing
Procedures
and Equipment
), BIS
Subcommittee,
BDC 23 : 3
Conucncr
DR ALAU SINGH
University
of Jodhpur, Jodhpur
Members
Central
Building
Research
Institute
( CSIR),
Roorkee
Engineer-in-chief’s
Branch, Army Headquarters
COL AVTAR SINOH
LT-COL V. K. KAINTKAR ( Alfernote )
DEPUTY DIRECTOR RESEARCH Ministry of Railways
I FE-II 1. RDSO
’ Dttpo&
DIRECTOR RESEARCH
( SM-III ), RDSO ( Altcrna#e )
Central Water Commission, New Delhi
DIRECTOF i CSMRS )
DEPUTY DIRECTOR
( CSMRS
) ( Alternate )
University of Roorkee, Roorkce
DR GOPAL RAXJAN
DR S.-C. HANDA ( Akcrnata )
SERI AVAR SIN~H
( Continued on pags
2
8)
IS : 2720 ( Part III/Set 2 ) - 1980
Indian Standard
METHODS
PART
Section
III
OF TEST
DETERMINATION
2
Fine,
Medium
FOR SOILS
OF SPEClFlC
and
Coarse
GRAVITY
Grained
Soils
( First Revision)
0.
FOKEWOKD
0.1 This Indian
Standard
( P::rt IlI/Sec
2 ) ( First Revision ) was
adopted by the Ixdian Standards
Institutinn
on 10 November
1980, after
the draft
finalized
by the Soil Engineering
artd Rock
Mc,chanics
Sectional
Committee
had been approved
by the Civil
Engineering
Division Council.
0.2 With
a view
to establishing
uniform
procedures
for
the
determination
of different
characteristics
of soils and also for facilitating
Standards
Institution
is
a comparative
study of the results, the Indian
on methods
of test for soils
bringing
out a series of standards
This part deals with the method of test for determi( IS : 2720 ).
nation
of specific gravity
of the soils which is used in finding
out
the degree
of saturation
and unit weight
of moist soils.
The unit
weights are needed in pressure, settlement
and stability
problems
in soil
engineering.
This standard
was published
in the gear 1964.
In view
of the further work done in this field in this country
and overseas,
the
revision has been prepared so as to give the latest method of test.
The
revision
is being prepared
in two sections:
Section I, dealing
with fine
grained
soil which is basically
a laboratory
method;
and Section 2
and
coarse-grained
soils
dealing
with the method
for fine, medium
which is basically
a field method.
0.3 Tn reporting
the result
of a test made in accordance
with
standard,
if the final value, observed or caluculated,
is to be rounded
it shall be done in accordance
with IS : T-1960*.
this
off,
1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard
( Part III/Set
2 ) lays down the method of test for the
determination
of the specific gravity of soil particle of fine, medium and
*Rules
for rounding
off numerical
values
3
( mired
) .*
IS : 2720 ( Part III/Sec~P ) - 1980
It is not suitable
for soils containing
coarse-grained
soils.
10 percent
of stones retained
on a 40-mm IS sieve and
should be broken down to less than this size.
more than
such stones
2. TERMINOLOGY
2.0 For the purpose
of this standard,
the following
definition
shall apply.
2.1 Specific Gravity (G) - The ratio of the weight in air of a given
volume of soil solids at a stated temperature
to the weight in air of an
equal volume of distilled water at that temperature.
3. APPARATUS
3.1 The f&owing
apparatus
is required:
4
A gas jar of 1 litre capacity,
Note 1 ) ( see Fig. 1 );
fitted
b)
A ground-glass
( see Fig. 1 );
slip cover for closing
c>A mechanical
end-over-end,
4
4
A balance
plate
or a plastic
with
a rubber
shaking apparatus
capable of rotating
at about 50 rev/min ( see Note 2 );
readable
and accurate
A thermometer
to cover the
readable
and accurate to 1°C.
bung
( see
the gas jar
the gas jar,
to O-2 g; and
temperature
range
0°C to 5O’C,
4. PROCEDURE
4.1 A sample weighing
200 g in the case of fine-grained
soil and 400’ g
in the case of medium
and coarse-grained
soils, shall be obtained
in
accordance
with the procedure
for the preparation
of disturbed
soil
samples for testing. This sample shall have been oven dried ( see Note 3 )
and then stored in an airtight container
until required.
4.2 The gas jar and ground glass plate/plastic
and weighed to the nearest O-2 g ( ml ).
slip
cover
shall
be dried
4.3 Approximately
200 g of fine-grained
soil or 400 g of medium
or
coarse-grained
soil shall be introduced
into the gas jar directly from the
container
in which it has been cooled.
The g& jar, ground-glass
plate/
plastic slip cover and contents shall be weighed to the nearest 0’2. g (ma).
4.4 Approximately
500 ml of water at a temperature
within f 2% of
the average
room temperature
during
the test ( see Note 4 ) shall be
added to the soil.
The rubber
stopper shall then be inserted
into the
gas jar and in the case of medium
and coarse-gained
soils the gas jar
At the end of this
and contents shall be set aside for at least 4 hours.
4
IS:2720(PartIII/Scc
2). 1980
period, or immediately after the addition of water in the case of finegrained soils, the gas jar shall be shaken by hand until the particles .Lre
in suspension and then placed in the shaking apparatus and shaken for
a period of 20 to 30 minutes.
-
1B RUBBER
STOPPER
1A GAS
JAR
tC
GLASS
PLATE
Fro. 1 GAS JAR, PLATE AND STOPPERFOR THE DETERMINATION OF
SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF SOIL PARTICALES
IS : 2720 ( Part III/Set 2 ) - 1980
4.4.1 The stopper shall then be removed carefully
and any soil
adhrring to the stopper or the top of the gas jar shall be washed carefully into the jar; any froth that has formed shall be dispersed with a
fine spray of water.
Water shall then be added to the gas jar to
within 2 mm of the top. The soil shall be allowed to settle for a few
minutes and the gas jar then filled to the brim with more water
The
ground-glass plate plastic slip cover shall then be placed on the top of
the jar taking care not to trap any air undert the plate.
The gas jai
and plate shall then be carefully dried on the outside and the whole
weighed to the nearest 0.2 g (ma).
4.5 The gas jar shall be emptied, washed out thoroughly, and fillea
completely to the brim with water.
The glass plate shall be placed in
position taking care not to trap any air under the plate.
The gas jar
and plate shall then be dried carefully on the outside and the whole
weighed to the nearest 0.2 g (mc).
4.6 The procedure outlined in 4.1 to 4.4 shall be repeated c.n a second
sample of the same soil so that two values for specific gravity are
obtained.
5. CALCULATIONS
5.1 The specific gravity, G, of the soil particles shall be calculated
the equation:
from
- ml
C=(m,-m~;-(m3-mi&jwhere
ml = the mass bf gas jar and ground glass plate;
m2 = the mass of gas jar, plate and sail;
ms = the mass of gas jar,
plate, soil and water;
mr = the mass of gas jar, plate and water.
5.2 The specific gravity shall be calculated
at 27°C.
If the room
temperature is different then 27”C, the following corrections
shall be
done:
G’ = KG
where
G’ = corrected
R _
Relative
Relative
specific gravity at 27’C,
and
density of w@-r at room temperature
dens’ity of water at 27°C
6
IS : 2720 ( Part III+
6. REPORTING
2 ) - 1980
OF RESULTS
6.1 The specific gravity
nearest 0.0 1.
of the soil particles
shall be reported
to the
6.2 Three determinations of the specific gravity of the same soil sample
shall be made. The average of the values obtained shall be taken as the
specific gravity of the soil particles and shall be reported to the nearest
0.01.
If the results differ by more than 0.03 from the average value,
the tests shall be repeated.
NOTE 1 - A gas jar ha: been found to make a very effective pycnometcr but any
container of similar capacity can be usrd provided that it can be shaken in a
mechanical shaking apparatus, vd provided that the mouth can be scaled in such a
way that its volume is constant.
NOTE 2 - An end-over-end shaker has been specified but shaking machines giving
a vibrating motion would also be suitable.
The choice of shaking machine depends
on the type of pycnometcr uacd.
If there is
NOTE 3 - Oven drying of the sotI has been spcdified for convenience.
any reason to believe that this will change the specific gravity due to loss of water of
hydration, the soil should be dried at not more than 80%.
This fact should be
reported.
NOTE 4 - If there is a large difference the air temperature sufficient water should
be drawn for the required number of tests and allowed to stand in the room in
which the tests are being done until the temperature is within the given range.
7
IS : 2720 (Part IIIjStc 2 ) - 1990
( Continued
fmn pogc2 )
Rsprasmt:ng
Members
Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi
DR SHABBI K. GULEATI
Geologista Syndicate Pvt Ltd, Calcutta
SHRI H. K. GUHA
SHBI
N. N. BHATTACHARAYA ( Alternate )
Public Works
Department,
Union Territory
of
SHRI 0. P. MALEOTRA
Chandigarh,
Chandigarh
Associated
Instruments
Manufacrurers
( I ) Pvt
SHRI M. D. NAIR
Ltd, New Delhi
EROF T. S. NA~ARAJ ( Alrrrnura)
Delhi College of Engineering, Delhi
SH~I N. M. PATEL
Central
Road
Research
Institute
( CSIR ),
SHRI P. JAQANATBA RAO
New Delhi
Public
Works
Department,
Government
of
SERI S. D. VI~YABTHI
Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow
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