Alpine Test Site Gütsch

Transcription

www.meteotest.ch/cost727/index.html
R. Cattin, S. Dierer, S. Kunz, A. Heimo, G. Russi, M. Russi
Icing and wind turbines: Swiss activities
Winterwind 2008, Norrköping, Sweden, December 10, 2008
Enercon E-40 (600 kW)
blade heating (hot air)
meteorological test station
Content
detection of icing conditions without ice detector
monitoring of the wind turbine under icing conditions
ice throw
further plans
Detection of icing conditions without ice detector
Meteorological and instrumental icing
incubation
time
instrumental icing
time
meteorological icing
recovery
time
period of data loss
loss in production
Possible additional measurements
Heated vs unheated anemometer
Temperature only
Temperature + relative humidity
+ incoming longwave radiation
TSky
Stefan Boltzmann Law
TSky < TAir
TSky ≈ TAir
L
TAir
Heated vs unheated anemometer
Temperature only
+ wind speed (heated sensor)
Performance of wind turbine under icing conditions
Available data
operational data of wind turbine (10-minutes data)
Available data
2 web cams
Available data
standard meteorological data from met station
ice detection & blade heating of Enercon E-40
ice detection: power curve vs. power production
blade heating: hot air fan (4 kW per fan)
no power production during heating process (1.5h)
ice detection
- ice detection works in general
 safe operation of wind turbine
- icing at low wind speeds or light icing is not always detected
 delay in ice detection, losses in production
- no signal for „no ice on the blades anymore“
 turbine might resume production with iced blades
 automatic restart of wind turbine is a safety risk
blade heating
- blade heating is not powerful enough to fully melt the accreted ice
 multiple heating cycles in a row
blade heating
blade heating
blade heating
blade heating
blade heating
blade heating
blade heating
blade heating
blade heating
blade heating
blade heating
- blade heating is not powerful enough to fully melt the accreted ice
 multiple heating cycles in a row
- risk of ice throw very high during and right after blade heating cycle
Ice throw
ice throw
wind turbine close to ski slopes  ice throw = safety issue
after an icing event, the area around the wind turbine
is inspected for ice fragments:
- distance from wind turbine
- angle relative to wind turbine
- weight
- size
- type of ice
- photo
ice throw
- 200+ fragments
- distance up to 92 m
- weight up to 1.8 kg
- also during summer
ice throw
ice throw
- ice throw is a safety risk on Gütsch
 most dangerous area is underneath the blades
 most dangerous during and after blade heating cycle
(after almost every heating cycle, ice fragments could be found)
 winter walking trail was placed further away
 warning signs were installed
Conclusions
in-cloud icing conditions can be detected fairly well
by air temperature, relative humidity and the sky temperature,
ice detection via power curve seems to work
no information if blades are still iced after a heating cycle
 automatic restart is a safety risk
blade heating is not powerful enough
ice throw is a safety risk
Further plans
MEMFIS: Measuring, Modelling and Forecasting Icing on Structures
April 2008 to April 2010
1. Extend icing measurements to other regions in Switzerland
Further plans
MEMFIS: Measuring, Modelling and Forecasting Icing on Structures
2008 to 2010
1. Extend icing measurements to other regions in Switzerland
2. Icing simulations with the NWP model WRF
3. Evaluation of the suitability of the MeteoSwiss operational weather
model COSMO-2 for icing forecast
International workshop on atmospheric icing of structures
Thank you for your attention

Alpine Test Site Gütsch

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