A retrospective study of feline blood types in Bangkok (2012

A retrospective study of feline blood types in Bangkok (2012

Thai J Vet Med Suppl. 2017, 47 : 135-136
A retrospective study of feline blood types in Bangkok (2012-2016)
B. Suparp1, N. Songrod 1, K. Kalayanakoul1,S. Yongsiri1*
1
Suvarnachad Animal Hospital, Saphan Sung, Bangkok, Thailand
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Keywords : domestic cats, Persian cats, transfusion reactions, blood types, blood groups
The purpose of this retrospective survey was to
determine the prevalence of blood types in domestic
shorthair (DSH) and Persian cats presented to
SuvarnachadAnimal Hospital, Bangkok in order to
estimate the potential risk of adverse incompatibility
reactions
Materials and Methods
Medical records of 230 cats presented to Suvarnachad
Animal Hospital, Bangkok during January 2012 to
December 2016 as blood donors and sick cats were
evaluated for breed and blood type. Blood typing was
performed within the same day of collection using
immuno-chromatographytechnique(AlvediaLab TEST,
France)
The risk for cat receiving A-B mismatched transfusion
and estimated percentage of mating at risk for NI was
calculated using the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
Introduction
The AB system is the most important blood group
system in cat. It consists of type A, B and AB. The ‘a’
and ‘ab’ alleles are dominant over ‘b’ allele so that cats
with genotypes aa and ab will be type-A while only
homozygous bb will be type-B. A third type, AB,
occurs rarely and the heritability of type-AB is not
understood (4).In contrast to blood group system in
people and other species, cats have naturally occurring
alloantibodies against the other blood types, with the
exception of type-AB cats.All type-B cats develop
high titer anti-A alloantibodies, whereas few type-A
cats have anti-B alloantibodies. For this reason, lifethreatening hemolytic transfusion reactions may occur
when AB-mismatched blood is transfused. Moreover,
type-A kittens born to a type-B queens receiving antiA alloantibodies through colostrum during the first 16
hours of life are at risk for developing life-threatening
neonatal isoerythrolysis (NI)(9).
Results and Discussion
Of the 230 cats in this study, there were 82.6% DSH
and 17.4% Persian cats. Similar to result from other
geographic regions, type-A was the predominant blood
type at 96.5% and the frequencies of type-B and AB
were 2.6% and 0.87%, respectively (table 2). The
overall proportion of type-B and type-AB catsin this
study werelower thanstudy in many countries but
resemble to Canada (2).However, among Persian cats
in Thailand, the frequency of type-B cats (12.5%) was
similar to previous study (11.5%) while type-AB cats
was quite different from previous study in 2000 (7.6%)
(7).
Type-A is the most common blood type in cat
populations worldwide. However, the distribution of
feline blood types varies by geographic regions(table
1) and breeds. Over 10% of domestic shorthair cats in
Australia, Italy, France and India are type-B (4).
Siamese, Tonkinese and Oriental shorthair cats are
almost uniformly type-A. Breeds that have high
prevalence of type-B, such as Turkish van (57.7 to
60%), British shorthair (58.9%), Devon rex (43%) and
Persian cats (24%)(2).
Table 1: Feline blood types frequencies in various
countries
Countries
(Reference)
Thailand (7)
Chinaa (9)
Israel (6)
Italy (8)
Canada (2)
Nigeriaa (5)
Croatiaa (3)
N -study number
a
- domestic cats
Year
2000
2011
2011
2014
2014
2014
2016
N
131
262
242
357
207
50
45
Table 2: Feline blood types frequencies in Bangkok
Blood type
Blood type (%)
A
B
AB
91.
4.6
3.8
6
88.
11.
0.4
2
4
72.
14.
12.
5
5
8
50.
5.6
3.9
5
95.
0.4
4.4
2
8
88.
12.
0
0
0
95.
2.2
2.2
5
Total
N(%)
Breed
number
DSH
Persian
Total
135
190
40
230
A
B
AB
187
1
2
(98.4)
(0.5)
(1.0)
35
5
(87.5)
(12.5)
222
6
2
(96.5)
(2.6)
(0.9)
0
Thai J Vet Med Suppl. 2017, 47 : 135-136
Because of ‘a’ allele is dominant to ‘b’ allele, type-B
queens mated to type-A toms will likely have type-A
or AB kittens. Once born, absorption of proteins from
the colostrum in the first 16 hours, including anti-A
alloantibodies leads to fatal erythrocyte destruction in
type-A and AB kittens. This disease is known as
neonatal isoerythrolysis (NI) which therapy is usually
unsuccessful. Prevention should be done by typing of
breeding pairs in breeds known to have high
percentage of type-B such as Persian cats, British
shorthair, Devon Rex and Turkish van (9).
Although,the risk of receiving A-B mismatched
transfusion that could cause hemolytic reaction in all
cats(3.8%) wasless than study in China (20.2%) (9)
and New Zealand (18.3-31.9%) (1), blood typing
should be performed in both donors and recipients to
avoid transfusion reaction especially in Persian cats
who had high risk in random blood transfusion
(21.8%).However, transfusion compatibility is not
guaranteed by blood typing alone, cross-matching is
recommended prior to any transfusion (4).
The risk of blood-type incompatibility mating among
all cats, DSH and Persian cats were 1.9%, 0.5% and
10.9%, respectively (table 3).Previous studies in China
and New Zealand estimated that 10.1% and 9.2-16.1%
of random mating between cats could cause NI (1, 9).
1.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Table 3: Estimated percentage of mating at risk for
blood-type incompatibility or A-B mismatched
transfusion in 190 DSH and 40 Persian cats
Mating
at risk
(%)**
A-B
7.
N
b allele
frequency
(q)*
mismatche
d (%)
8.
DSH
190
0.07
0.5
1.0
Persian
40
0.35
10.9
21.8
Total
230
0.161
1.9
3.8
*
b allele frequency was calculated assuming HardyWeinberg equilibrium and not including type-AB cats.
**
Mating at risk (%) = [(p2)(q2)+(2pq)(q2)](100)
p = frequency of ‘a’ allele, q = frequency of ‘b’ allele
and p = 1-
136
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