8. World Champions and Croatian Chess players

Transcription

8. World Champions
and Croatian Chess
players
Topics
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World Champions
Croatian Chess Players
FER-Zagreb, Chess 2014/15
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World Champions
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Until 1886 there were no
official world champions.
There were players who
were considered the best
in the world.
Unofficial world
champions.
Name
Year
State
Luis Ramirez de Lucena
~1490
Spain
Pedro Damiano
~1520
Portugal
Ruy López de Segura
1559–1575
Spain
El Morro
~1560–1575 Portugal
Leonardo da Cutri
1575
Napoli
Paolo Boi
1575
Sicily
Giulio Polerio
~1580
Napoli
Alessandro Salvio
~1600
Napopli
Gioachino Greco
~1620–1634 Napopli
Pietro Carrera
~1640
Sicily
Alexander Cunningham
~1700
Scotland
Legall de Kermeur
~1730–1745 France
François-André Danican Philidor
1745–1795
France
Johann Baptist Allgaier
~1795–~1815 Austria
Verdoni
~1795–~1804 Italy
Jacob Henry Sarratt
~1805–~1815 England
Alexandre Deschapelles
1815–1821
France
Louis-Charles Mahé de La Bourdonnais 1821–1840
France
Alexander McDonnell
1834
Ireland
Pierre Charles Fournier de Saint-Amant 1840–1843
France
Howard Staunton
1843–1851
England
Adolf Anderssen
1851–1858
Prussia
Paul Morphy
1858–1862
USA
Adolf Anderssen
1862–1866
Prussia
Wilhelm Steinitz
1866–1878
Austria
Johannes Zukertort
1878–1886
Germany
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World Champions
Classic World Champions
Started with Wilhelm Steinitz in 1886. Since then classic champion was
determined in a match between the title holder and the challenger.
1. Wilhelm Steinitz (1886-1894)
2. Emanuel Lasker (1894-1921)
3. Jose Raul Capablanca (1921-1927)
4. Aleksander Aljehin (1927-1935, 1937-1946)
5. Max Euwe (1935-1937)
6. Mihail Botvinnik (1948-1957, 1958-1960, 1961-1963)
7. Vasilij Smislov (1957-1958)
8. Mihail Talj (1960-1961)
9. Tigran Petrosjan (1963-1969)
10. Boris Spaski (1969-1972)
11. Robert Fischer (1972-1975)
12. Anatolij Karpov (1975-1985)
13. Gari Kasparov (1985-2000)
14. Vladimir Kramnik (2000-2007)
15. Viswanathan Anand (2007-2013)
16. Magnus Carlsen (2013-)
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World Champions
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FIDE World Chess Champions
Gari Kasparov separated from FIDE (when he was supposed to play with
Nigel Short in 1993.).
FIDE established its own title of World Champion.
Even though this title does not have the same weight as classic world
champions, it should be mentioned.
1. Anatoly Karpov (1993-1999)
2. Alexander Khalifman (1999-2000)
3. Viswanathan Anand (2000-2002)
4. Ruslan Ponomariov (2002-2004)
5. Rustam Kasimdzhanov (2004-2005)
6. Veselin Topalov (2005-2006)
In 2006 the title joined when classic world champion Vladimir Kramnik
beat FIDE champion Veselin Topalov.
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World Champions
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Wilhelm Steinitz (1886-1894)
Born in Prague in 1836, died in New York in
1900.
Beat Zukertort in 1886 and lost title against
Emanuel Lasker in 1894.
In a repeated attempt in 1897 lost again from
E. Lasker.
Introduced a positional play which some
people called cowardly.
Lived whole life modestly and died in poverty.
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World Champions
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Emanuel Lasker (1894-1921)
Born in Berlinhen, Prussia in 1868, died in
New York, 1941.
After beating W. Steinitz in 1894, held title
for 27 years.
Along with Chess, he was engaged with
mathematical science.
He asked for a large compensation to play on
tournaments, which led to the
professionalization of Chess.
Lost title against Jose Raul Capablanca in
1921.
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World Champions
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Jose Raul Capablanca (19211927)
Born in Havana in 1888 (son of Spanish
officer), died in New York in 1942.
Beat Emanuel Lasker in 1921 and held title
until defeat by Aljehin in 1927.
Known by fast play.
Worked in Cuban Foreign Ministry which
ensured his financial independence until end
of his life.
In 1924 lost against Richard Reti on a
tournament after eight years without a
defeat.
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World Champions
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Aleksander Aljehin (1927-1935,
1937-1946)
Born in Moscow in 1892, died in Estoril,
Portugal in 1946.
Beat Jose Raul Capablanca in 1927. Lost the
title from Max Euwe in 1935, bet won it back
in 1937.
Known after the “Aljehin defence”.
In 1919, spent some time in a prison in
Odessa under a pretence that he was a spy.
Died in 1946 as a world Champion.
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World Champions
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Max Euwe (1935-1937)
Born in Amsterdam in 1901, died in umro in
Amsterdam 1981.
Beat Aleksander Aljehin in 1935, but lost title in
a rematch in 1937.
At the beginning of his career he played on
tournaments only during school breaks for
family reasons.
President of FIDE from FIDE from 1970 until
1978.
Wrote 70 books on Chess.
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World Champions
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Mihail Botvinnik (1948-1957,
1958-1960, 1961-1963)
Born in Repin, Russia in 1911, died in Moscow in
1995.
In 1948. won on a tournament for a World
Champion.
In 1957 lost title from Vasilij Smislov, but he
regained the title next year.
In 1960 he lost title again from Mihail Talj, but
next year he won the title back.
By vocation electrical engineer.
In his Chess school taught future World Chess
Champions Karpov, Kasparov and Kramnik.
In 1963 lost title from Tigran Petrosjan after
which FIDE abolished the right of rematch.
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World Champions
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Vasilij Smislov (1957-1958)
Born in Moscow in 1921, died in Moscow in
2010.
Beat Mihail Botvinnik in 1957 and lost title a
year later in a rematch (1958).
He was a candidate for a world champion eight
times and won 17 medals on Chess Olympiads.
Along with Chess he was also opera singer.
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World Champions
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Mihail Talj (1960-1961)
Born in Riga, Latvia in 1936, died in Moscow in
1992.
Beat Mihail Botvinnik in 1960, and lost title a
year later in a rematch (1961).
Has two longest undefeated series on
tournaments (95 and 86 games).
In 1951 won Second World Championship in
Blitz Chess.
Suffered from kidney problems (had one kidney
removed).
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World Champions
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Tigran Petrosjan (1963-1969)
Born in Tbilisi, Georgia in 1929, died in Moscow
in 1984.
Beat Mihail Botvinnik in 1963.
During WWII as an orphan had to sweep streets
in order to survive.
On Chess Olympiads lost only one game out of
139 played (78 victories).
Lost title to Boris Spaski in 1969.
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World Champions
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Boris Spaski (1969-1972)
Born in Sankt-Petersburg in 1937.
Beat Tigran Petrosjan in 1969.
Youngest Soviet player who reached I category
(10 years old), master candidate (11 years old)
and Soviet master (15 years old).
Lost title to Robert Fischer on 1972.
The oldest living former World Champion.
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World Champions
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Robert Fischer (1972-1975)
Born in Chicago in 1943, died in Reykjavik in
2008.
Beat Boris Spaski in 1972 in “Match of the
Century”, in a midst of a Cold War.
Became the youngest Grand Master in history
when only 15.5 years old. In 1991 Judit Polgar
became Grand Master when she was only 15
years and 4 months old.
Considered to be one of the best players of all
time.
In 1975 did not defend the title because there
was no agreement with FIDE and Anatolij Karpov
automatically became World Champion.
In 1992 played in San Stefan and Belgrade
rematch with Spaski after 20 years.
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World Champions
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Anatolij Karpov (1975-1985)
Born in Zlatoust, Russia in 1951.
Became World Champion without a fight in
1975.
He was also a FIDE version World Champion
from 1993 to 1999.
After 1995 devoted to politics.
Drop out of first 100 FIDE rating list in
September of 2009.
Lost title to Gari Kasparov in 1985.
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World Champions
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Gari Kasparov (1985-2000)
Born in Bakuu, Azerbaijan (former USSR) 1963
as Gari Weinstein.
Became youngest World Champion (22 years) in
1975 when beating Anatolij Karpov.
Continuously had best ELO rating from 1985
until retirement in 2005.
Had highest ELO rating of 2851 points.
After 2005 he devoted himself to politics and
writing.
Has Croatian citizenship from 2014.
Lost tile to Vladimir Kramnik in 2000.
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World Champions
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Vladimir Kramnik (2000-2007)
Born in Tuapsa, Russia in 1975.
In 2000 beat Gari Kasparov.
In 2006 beat Veselin Topalov, Champion after
FIDE version and unitied titles after 13 years of
separation.
Was a part of Mihail Botvinnik Chess school.
In 2007 lost title form Viswanathan Anand, on a
tournament in which he took a second place.
In 2006 lost from a computer program Deep
Fritz with 4:2.
In 2008 lost rematch from V. Anand.
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World Champions
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Viswanathan Anand (2007-2013)
Born in Mayiladuthurai, India in 1969.
In 2007 beat Vladimir Kramnik.
From 2000 to 2002 was a world champion after
FIDE version.
Defended title in 2008, 2010 and 2012 against
Kramnik, Topalov and Gelfand.
Lost title from Magnus Carlsen in 2013.
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World Champions
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Magnus Carlsen (2013-)
Born in Tonsberg, Norway in 1990.
In 2013 beat Viswanathan Anand.
Has highest rating in history: 2882.
Defended title against Anand in November of
2014.
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Several Croatian players played for Yugoslavia on Chess Olipiads and
won medals.
Chess Olympiad was held in 1950 in Dubrovnik. No Eastern block
countries participated. Yugoslavia won first place. In the team were
Petar Trifunović and Braslav Rabar.
On later Olympiads importan role was held by Mijo Udovčić, Vlado
Kovačević and Krunoslav Hulak.
On Chess Olympiad in 1992 Croatian male team won 7th place which is
the best result so far.
Zdenko Kožul became Europe Champion in 2006.
Bojan Kurajica became Youth World Champion in 1965, and Ognjen
Cvitan accomplished same in 1981.
Ivan Šarić became World Junior Champion (18 yrs) in 2008.
Hrvoje Stević was a World Champion in 1995 for players up to 16 years
of age.
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Alaksandar Witek, born in
Sisak in 1852, died in Graz in
1894 was an architect and first
Croatian Chess master.
Between 1881 and 1883 beat on
tournaments Steinitz (later World
Champion).
Instead of Chess carrier he chose
state service.
Đuro Pilar, born in Slavonski
Brod in 1846, died in Zagreb in
1893, geologist and
paleontologist. Won first Chess
tournament played in Croatia in
January 1886.
National Library in Sarajevo
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Vladimir Vuković, born in Zagreb in 1898, died in
Zagreb in 1975.
In 1922 became international master.
Played for Yugoslavia on Chess Olympiad in London in
1927g.
Beat Taraš and drew with Aljehin on tournaments.
Petar Trifunović, born in Dubrovnik in 1910, died in
Belgrade in 1980.
Played on 7 Chess Olimpiads.
Became grand master in 1953.
Had Ph.D. In Law.
Braslav Rabar, born in Zagreb in 1919, died in Zagreb
in 1973.
International Master, played on 3 Chess Olympiads.
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Mijo Udovčić, born in Stara Jošava in 1920, died in
1984, grand master from 1962.
Played on Chess Olympiad..
Mato Damjanović, born in Đeletovci in 1927, died in
2011.
Mario Bertok, born in Zagreb in 1929, died in Zagreb in
2008, international master since 1957.
Husband of actress Semka Sokolović-Bertok, who also
played Chess when younger.
Dražen Marović, born in Split in 1938, international
master since 1975.
Learned to play Chess when 16 years old.
Won silver medal on a European Championship.
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Vladimir Kovačević, born in Dubrovnik in 1942, grand
master since 1976.
In 1970 beat Robert Fischer on a tournaments played in
Rovinj and Zagreb.
Bojan Kurajica, born in Ljubljana in 1947, grand master
since 1974.
On Chess Olympiads won silver and bronze medals.
Mišo Cebalo, born in Zagreb in 1945, grand master since
1980.
Won 19th World Senior Championship in 2009.
Played on 6 Chess Olympiads.
Krunoslav Hulak, born in Zagreb in 1951,
grand master since 1976.
Croatian Champion in 2005.
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Zdenko Kožul, born in Bihać in 1966, grand master since
1989.
Was 56th player on a FIDE rating list.
In 2006 in Turkey became European Champion.
Ognjen Cvitan, born in 1961, grandmaster.
Became World Junior Champion in 1981.
Hrvoje Stević, born in 1980, grand master.
World Champion up to 16 years of age.
Ivan Šarić, born in 1990, grand master.
World Champion up to 18 years of age.
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Vlasta Maček, born in 1952 in
Zagreb woman international
master.
Played on several Chess
Olympiads, won a bronze medal.
European Veteran Champion in
2003.
World Blitz Veteran Champion in
2003.
Mirjana Medić, born in 1964,
woman grand master.
Lara Stock (mother Croatian),
born in 1992, woman grand
master, won World
Championships up to 10 and 12
years of age.
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8. World Champions and Croatian Chess players

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