T3-O1 Integrated solution - live monitoring of noise and

Transcription

Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: Science & Technology 2011, Vienna, Austria
Real-time monitoring of noise and acoustic events: listening, identifying and understanding
Real-time monitoring of noise and
acoustic events: listening to the deep,
identifying and understanding
Michel André
Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics (LAB)
Technical University of Catalonia (UPC, BARCELONA Tech)
http://www.lab.upc.es
Laboratori d’Aplicacions Bioacústiques
Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
LIDO live data flow
Country/Location
Platform
Data stream
FRANCE
ANTARES
36 x 250 kHz
NEPTUNE CANADA Folger Passage
1 x 96 kHz
NEPTUNE CANADA Barkley Canyon
1 x 96 kHz
NEPTUNE CANADA Barkley Slope
1 x 96 kHz
SPAIN (MED SEA)
OBSEA
1 x 96 kHz
JAPAN (JAMSTEC)
Hatsushima
1 x 100 Hz
JAPAN (JAMSTEC)
Kushiro
3 x 100 Hz
ITALY (ESONET)
NEMO TSS/TSN
2x 4 x 96 kHz
SPAIN (ATLANTIC)
BIMEP
1 x 96 kHz
CTBTO ?
11 HA
11 x 200 Hz
Live monitoring of underwater noise and acoustic signals
… in search of a balance
intensidad
130
100 mareas
actividad sísmica
90
interacción
80
olas
olas que se
rompen
olas, viento
burbujas
ruido de animales marinos
cetáceos, crustáceos, etc.
2
- Shipping
- Exploration and production of
offshore fossil energy,
- Navy and industrial sonar
- Experimental acoustics
- Underwater explosions
-Engineering activities
- Supersonic airplanes
- Offshore windmills
Intensité dB re 1 μPa /Hz a 1m
Sources of Noise
110
70
turbulencias
lluvia, nieve
60
tormentas
50
ruido antropogénico
sonar industrial, militar
exploración sísmica
transporte marítimo
nuclear testing
40
30
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
Fréquence [kHz]
10
100
frecuencia
Controling the effects of noise
Choice of “right” indicators
INDICATORS FOR GOOD ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS
FOR UNDERWATER NOISE AND OTHER FORMS OF
ENERGY
European Marine Strategy Framework Directive
(International Council for the Exploration of the Sea)
ATTRIBUTE
Underwater noise - Low and midfrequency impulsive sound
TG11 Energy
Criteria to assess the descriptor
Indicators to be measured
High amplitude impulsive
anthropogenic sound within a
frequency band between 10Hz and 10
kHz, assessed using either sound
energy over time (Sound Exposure
Level SEL) or peak sound level of the
sound source. Sound thresholds set
following review of received levels
likely to cause effects on dolphins;
these levels unlikely to be appropriate
for all marine biota. The indicator
addresses time and spatial extent of
these sounds.
The proportion of days within a
calendar year, over areas of
15’N x 15’E/W in which
anthropogenic sound sources
exceed either of two levels, 183
dB re 1µPa2.s (i.e. measured as
Sound Exposure Level, SEL) or
224 dB re 1µPapeak (i.e.
measured as peak sound
pressure level) when
extrapolated to one metre,
measured over the frequency
band 10 Hz to 10 kHz
Underwater noise – low frequency sounds
Underwater noise – High
frequency impulsive sounds
Sounds from sonar sources below 200
KHz that potentially have adverse
effects, mostly on marine mammals,
appears to be increasing. This
indicator would enable trends to be
followed.
The total number of vessels that
are equipped with sonar
systems generating sonar pulses
below 200 kHz should decrease
by at least x% per year starting
in [2012].
Background noise without
distinguishable sources can lead to
masking of biological relevant signals,
alter communication signals of
marine mammals, and through
chronic exposure, may permanently
impair important biological functions.
Anthropogenic input to this
background noise has been
increasing. This indicator requires a
set of sound observatories and would
enable trends in anthropogenic
background noise to be followed.
The ambient noise level
measured by a statistical
representative sets of
observation stations in Regional
Seas where noise within the 1/3
octave bands 63 and 125 Hz
(centre frequency) should not
exceed the baseline values of
year [2012] or 100 dB (re 1µPa
rms; average noise level in
these octave bands over a
year).
The ambient noise level measured by a statistical representative sets of
observation stations in Regional Seas where noise within the 1/3 octave bands
63 and 125 Hz (centre frequency) should not exceed the baseline values of year
[2012] or 100 dB (re 1µPa rms; average noise level in these octave bands over
a year).
Underwater noise – low frequency
continuous sound
Live monitoring of underwater noise and acoustic signals
… in search of a balance
Sources of Noise & Acoustic Signals
Sonar
Shipping noise
Nuclear Testing
Unwanted against Intentional
Explosions
Offshore Construction
Biological Sources
Seismic Surveys
Scientific Experiments
Effects of Noise
Mitigation actions
&
Long-term monitoring
Is it possible to combine both objectives in a same approach/system?
Real-time and Statistical Analysis
 Standardization of methods to measure noise
 Classification methods to detect and identify
acoustic sources
NEED FOR A ROBUST AUTOMATED MONITORING SYSTEM ABLE TO SATISFY THE
REQUIREMENTS OF THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY AND ALLOW
THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INDUSTRY
Marine soundscape
* Cetacean whistles and calls
* Cetacean clicks, bursts, creaks, buzzes ...
* Tonal, impulsive and broadband ship noise
* Explosions
* Sonar, echosounder,
* Waves, rain, bubbles, etc.
* etc.
Challenging for automated classification methods
...
Real-time monitoring of noise and acoustic
events:
listening, identifying and understanding
audio data
stream
Segment 1
Segment 2
Measure noise
Discard
segment with
no acoustic
event
Assign acoustic
events to
broad
categories
FM-tonal sounds
Impulses...
Segment 3
Classifier 1
Classifier 2
...
Sperm whales
Beaked whales
Pilot whales
Dolphins
Explosions
Ships
Sonar
Segment 4
Segment 5
Segment 6
...
Real-Time Mitigation
Long term assessment and
Control of the effects of noise
sources on marine organisms
Public outreach
Localisation
Tracking
Bearing, Position
Trajectory, …
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Controling the effects on Cetaceans
RT Acoustic Software Development
Acoustic Data Management
SETUP
ADS
X-channel multicast data stream
Transmission analysis results and
mp3 channel
Pre-Processing Server
•Segments & tags data
•Encodes 1 channel into mp3
•No data storage – we rely on the MADS
Transmission of analysis results
and mp3 data to Web Server
Analysis Server
•Source identification
•Localisation and tracking of sources
MADS
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban
Treaty: Science & Technology 2011, Vienna, Austria
Segment
Localisation
Classification
Detection
Impulse
detector
< 100 Hz,
0,1-1 kHz
Impulse
detector
1-5 kHz
Impulse
detector
5-20 kHz
Buzz
classifier
Impulse
classifier
Impulse
detector
>20 kHz
Short tonal
sounds
detector
Constant
tonal
sounds
detector
Broadband
shipping
noise
detector
Short tonal sounds
classifier
Baleen whales
Noise measurement
Pinger/sonar
Sperm whale clicks In the full bandwidth
whistles
Ultrasonic cetacean
+ inclicks
all the aboveDolphin
bandwidths
Killer 63Hz
whale calls
Impulsive ship noise+ 1/3 Octave band
Buzzes
+ 1/3 Octave band 125Hz
Continuous
shipping noise
Killer whale clicks
Explosions
Impulse
localiser
Short tonal sounds
localiser
Localisation
Classification
Detection
Detection of short tonal sounds in the band
0.2-16 kHz. Acoustic data from Neptune, 3-24
March 2010, 10 min recorded every 3.5 hour.
DETECTION & CLASSIFICATION
Fin whales, 29th April 2010, 02am, off Kushiro, JAPAN, JAMSTEC observatory
(Feed Forward Neural Network)
Zaugg, S., van der Schaar, M., Houégnigan, L., Gervaise, C., André, M. Real-time acoustic classification of sperm whale clicks
and shipping impulses from deep-sea observatories. Applied Acoustics, issue doi:10.1016/j.apacoust.2010.05.005, 2010
2nd International Aquatic Noise Conference 2010, Cork City Ireland.
Real-time monitoring of noise and acoustic events in cetacean acoustic niches
LOCALIZATION
Sperm whale tracking, 09th August 2005, 09pm, East-Sicily, NEMO observatory
(Hybrid spatial spectral estimation: space-time methods and TDOA-based methods)
Figure 3.9 : Sperm whale tracking, 09th August 2005, 09pm
Houégnigan, S. Zaugg, M. van der Schaar, M. André. Space–time and hybrid algorithms for the passive acoustic
3D localisation of sperm whales and vessels. Appl ied Acoustics (2010), doi:10.1016/j.apacoust.2010.05.017
INTERACTION WITH NOISE
Sperm Whales at ANTARES (Ligurian Sea), July 2010
André, M., van der Schaar, M., Zaugg, S., Houégnigan, L., Sánchez, A., Mas, A. Listening to the Deep: realtime monitoring of noise pollution and cetacean acoustic signals. Marine Pollution Bulletin (accepted).
GLOBAL NOISE
MEASUREMENTS
(10 segment average)
GLOBAL CETACEAN
DISTRIBUTION
(50 segment average)
http://listentothedeep.com
Deep-sea or shallow
water cabled
observatories
Radio-linked ,
expandable or moored
stand-alone buoys
Underwater
neutrino
telescopes
Towed arrays
Underwater vehicles,
e.g. gliders
Past and Existing
recordings
CONCLUSIONS & PERSPECTIVES
The system is designed to be modular and dynamic (allows the choice
of detectors/classifiers) depending on the objectives and
geographical areas
The system successfully allows:
- the real-time detection and classification of acoustic events
- the real-time and long-term monitoring of noise
- immediate mitigation actions
- the online display of the audio stream and the statistical analysis
The modular system can be implemented on:
- cabled observatories,
- autonomous radio-linked buoys, moored antennas
- autonomous vehicles (e.g. gliders),
- towed arrays
- existing data sets,
- etc.
The system can be applied (industry):
-during offshore operations, seismic surveys (expandable buoys),
windmills/wave energy (autonomous buoys during construction,
cabled observatory during operation), shipping lines, coastal
operations (e.g. harbour construction), etc.
The system can be applied (science):
- in existing and future acoustic observatories
-during CEE and tagging to understand the acoustic ecology of
the individual,
- existing recordings
The system will be implemented (Fall) with:
- an alert procedure that will allow to automatically target acoustic
events of interest and receive it live (e.g. mitigation or research)
- automatic display of AIS data and correlation with noise
measurements to determine the acoustic signature of ships cruising
over the observatories
The data from the existing observatories
are
availlable to the
Thank
you….
scientific community
The system can be operated by a non-expert
The analysis is performed automatically and doesn’t require postprocessing
The system is immediately available to be applied to CTBTO
Hydroacoustics Observatories

T3-O1 Integrated solution - live monitoring of noise and

Transcription

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