591.522:574.3:598.333.2 3OOJIOFHH [Calidris ruficollis (Pall

591.522:574.3:598.333.2 3OOJIOFHH [Calidris ruficollis (Pall

42
EHOJiorimecKHe wayKM JV» 4, 1984
591.522:574.3:598.333.2
3OOJIOFHH
3AKOHOMEPHOCTH PACIIPOCTPAHEHHfl M THESAOBWE
MECTA OEHTAHHfl IIECOHHHKA-KPACHOLIIEHKH
[CALIDRIS RUFICOLLIS (PALL.)]
B. B. MopO3oe, U. C. ToMKoeuH
pacnpocrpaneHHe H paccMOTpenw Mecia o6HT3HHH
necoHHHKa-KpacHomeHKH B CHSupH. BHHBJiena npHBHsannocTb BHAa K HHSKOropHbiM H npeAropHHM TynapoBHM jiaHAina<pTaM, B Koiopux OH nacejiaer
pasJiHqHbie BapnaHTbi MeaocptiTHbix TyHAp co SHaHHiejibHUM yHacxneM MXOB.
ITO3TOMy H B COOTB6TCTBHH C paSMemeHHCM
rOpHHX
nOAHHTHH
HE CCBepe
BOCTO^HOH CnSHpn FHesAOBOH apean BHAa paaopaaH. necoiHHKH BOCTOHHOH
tjacTH apeajia MnrpHpyror na K>r THXooKeaHCKHMH noSepestbHMH ASHH, a OTHu.bi sanaAHoft HBCTH — no-BHAHMOMy, BHyTpnMaTepHKOBbiMH nyTHMH. npeflnojiaraercH (JjopMHposaHHe BH^a B njieflcTOuene B ropax CeBepo-BocToiHoS CH6npH; coBpeMeHHbift paspbis apeajia nponsouieji nosAHee, B ro^oiteHe, npn
noienjieHHH K^HMaxa H OTCTynjiennH o6jiacrH rHesAcmaHHH neco^KHKa-KpacHOiiieftKH na ceaep.
The distribution and breeding habitats of the Red-necked Sandpiper in
Siberia have been analysed. An attachment of the species to the low and
foot mountain tundra landscape where it inhabits the various types of
mesophillous moss tundra has been revealed. And so and according to the
distribution of mountain regions in the nothern part of West Siberia the
breeding area of the species has been broken. The sandpipers of the eastern
part migrate to the south along the Pacific coast of Asia, whereas the birds
of the western part probably use inland flyways. The formation of the species is supposed to have occurred during pleistocene in the mountains of
North-East Siberia. The mordern gap in the breeding area appeared later,
in holocene after the climate became warmer and the Red-necked Sandpipers'
breeding habitats were driven to the north.
[Calidris ruficollis (Pall.)] cHHxaexcH OAHHM
HS naHMeaee HsyneHHHx BHAOB KYJIHKOB dpaynbi CCCP [20]. B nocjieAHee
BpeMH noJiyTOHbi HOBbie csefleHHH o pacnpocTpaneHHH H neKOTOpbix qepxax
fiHOJIOFHH STOrO BHA3 [7,
10, 11, 21],
^TO HapHfly C HaillHMH HafijUOAeHHH-
MH nosBOJifleT yTOHHHTb o6jiacjb pacnpocTpaHeHHH necoHHHKa-KpacHOineHKH na rnes^OBaHHH H oxapaKTepnaoBaTb ero ocHOBHbie xpedoBaHHH K MecT3M O6HT3HHH.
B ocHOBy HacxoHmeft cxaibH nojio^KeHbi MaxepHajiu, co6paHHbie H3MH
B 1975 — 1980 rr. Ha ceBepo-BOCTOHHofi OKOHCHHOCTH HyKOTCKoro noJiyocTpoBa (oKpecxHOCTH noceJiKa Yajien) , B 6acceftHe peKH KanqajiaH na HHHCHCAHaAblpCKOH HH3M6HHOCTH, B KopflKCKOM HaFOpbC, KOTOpblC yJK6 HaCTH^HO
ony6jiHKOB3Hbi [7, 8, 19, 21], H EKjnoneHbi neKOTOpbie dpparMeHTapnue
Ha6jirofleHHH HS apyrnx nyHKTOB BOCTOHHOH CndnpH. JlaHflmarfpTHan xapaKiepHCTHKa pafloHOB HCCJie/ioBaHHH p,ana B cooxBexcxByiornHX pernox dpayHHCXH^ecKHx paSoxax [7, 8, 19].
OSjiacxb
pacnpocxpaHen na rnesflOBanHH B xye^pax
BOCXOMHOH CnSHpH, no-BHAHMOMy, ox uenxpajibHoft qacxH SanaAHoro TaflMblpa AO CCBepO-BOCXOMHOH OKOHeHHOCXH A3HH
(pHC. 1);
HSBeCXHbl X3K>K6
oxflejibHbie naxoflKH ero na KpaflneM aanafle H cesepe AJIHCKH [23]. OflH3KO, K3K BH/IHO H3 pHCyHKB 1, paCHpOCXpaHCHHe BHfl3 He CIUIOIUHOe. 3xO
6bUlO H3B6CXHO p3Hee, BblSblBaJIO H6KOXOpOe HeAOyMCHHe H 06'bHCHH.nOCb
'
o6cjieaoB3HHOcxbio BOCXOHHOH CnfiKpH
[9]. HaxoAKH no-
Jiex Ha KsH^ajiane, B KOPHKCKOM nsropbe [21] HH HS
[10] noAXBepJKAarox HeAocxaxoHHOcxb 3HaHHH o rnesAQBOM apeaJie necoiKHKa-KpacHOHjeflKH H HOSBOJIHIOX paccinxbisaxb na HOBHC
43
EnojiorH'iecKne HayKH J& 4, 1984
PHC. 1. FHesAOBOfl apeaji necoHHHKa-KpacnomefiKH B Cn6iipn:
Q — flonaaaHHbie mecra rHeajoBaHHH, 6 — BepoaTHbic MecTa rnesAODaHHa, a — HaxoAKH Bspocjibix ivrim
B rHeaaoBOM nepHofl, BOSMOKHO, cBiiflCTOJiLCTByiomHe o paaMHOJKCHHH, z — rpannubi xyHflpoBoii 3oHbi,
d — rpanHUa
KycrapHHKoBbix H TuniHHbix Tyn^p, e — rpanmia
TnnHiHbix H apKTHHCCKHx
Tyaap;
1— 31 — HCTOIHHKH cBefleHHH- / — A. A. BHHOKypoa [ 1 ] , 2, 3 — E. B. KoaJioBa [9], 4 — B. H. KamiTOHOB [3], 5 — H . A. FjiaflKOB [2], 6 — A. F. COPOKHH (yciHoe coo6meHHe), 7 — A. 3. KoiiflpaTbes [10],
S — p ji' beme (Ko.iJieKUHH SoojiorHTOCKoro mysen MocKOBCKoro ynHBepcureTa — 3M Mry), 9 —
.1 A noprcHKO [141. 10 —A. 3. KoHApaTbes [10, 11, ycraoe coo6m,eHne], 11 — A. A. KHWHHCKHH
(KOJi.ieKUHfl 3M MFV), 12B. C. Bpy K c [14], 13 - B. B. JICOHOBHH [14], 14-A. T. CopoKHH [19],
IS — Ji A llopreHKo [14] 16 — JI. A nopreHKo [14], Haiiin AanHbie [12, 19], 17 — HauiH aaniibie
[19J IS — C n KHprom,eHK 0 [4], A. T. COPOKHH [19], 19 — A. T. CopoKHH [19], 20 — B. C. BpyKC,
A 11. KyaflKHH (141 21 — JI A. nopreHKO [14], 22 —B. B. JleoHOBHq (ycrnoc cooOmeHHC), 23—25 —
Hamii flaHHbie [8,211, 26 — C II. KHpromeHKo [4], 27 — JI. A. nopxeHKo [13], 28-30 — H am n aaHHue
[7, 21], 31— A. A. KHIU.HHCKHH [7]
HHH B SyAymeM. BMecie c TBM oSmaa Kapinna npepbiBHcroro pacnpocTpa-,
H6HHH BHfla peaJibHa H oxpaJKaeT oco6eHHOCTH ero jiaHAma(})THO-6HOTonHnpHBHSaHHOCTCH.
o6iUHpeH Bocxo^HbiH yqacTOK apeajia, saHHMaioui,HH
iacTb HyKOTCKoro aBTOHOMHoro OKpyra H saxoAHUiHH na
K)>KHaH ero rpaHHua, BepoaxHO, npoxoAHX ceeepnee, HCM
A. A. KHIUHHCKHH [7], n6o caMKa c HaceAHbiM IIHXHOM, Ao6bixan H3 cxan
na MOPCKOM 6epery y nocejiKa Kopcj), He MOJKCX cJiy>KHXb cBHAexeJibCXBOM
AOBaHHH (no HauiHM Ha6jiroAeHHHM, caMKH ocxaBjiHiox rnesAa B HMJIC
BbiJiynjieHHH nxenuoB H cpasy oxKoweBbmaiox HS ofijiacxn pa3MHO>KeHHH,
ofiTjeAHKHHCb
B
FpynHbl).
BoSMOJKHbl,
OAH3KO,
THeSAOBbie
H3XOAKH
KpacHouieeK B aanaAHOH MacxH KopHKCKoro naropbH, B ropax, OKpyxaroUJ.HX cpeAHee xeneHHe AnaAbipH, H AaJiee na cesepo-sansA AO ycxbfl KojibiMbi. B cooxBexcxBHH c oSuiHpHOCXbio BocxoiHoro yqacxKa apeajia KpacHouieflKH MHoroTOCJieHHbi Ha MHrpauHHx no xnxooKesHCKOMy no6epe>Kbio
ASHH H H3 3HMOBK3X B lOrO-BoCXO^HOH A3HH H ABCXpajIHH
[9]. HcHOJIb-
30B3HHe axoro npojicxHoro nyxn HXHU3MH Kp3HHero cesepo-BocxoKa noAxsepJKAaexcH oceHHefl AofibmeH na BOCXOMHOM no6epe»be KaM^axKH AByx
MOJIOAblX
neCO^HHKOB-KpaCHOHieeK,
OKOJIbUOB3HHbIX
H3MH
HXCHUaMH
6JIH3
yajiena, H OXJIOBOM na SHMOBKB B SanaAHofl AflcxpajiKH Bspocjioft caMKH,
pasMHo>KaBuieHCH noA VaJieHOM.
SanaAnee peKH KojibiMbi HSBecxHhi jiHUJb xpn AocxoBepHbix nynnxa
rnesAOBaHHH necowKHKa-KpacHomeHKH: ABa — B ceBepnofl nacxn XapayjiaxCKOFO xpeSxa SJIHS AeJibXbi peKH Jlenbi H OAHH — na BOCXO^HOM TaflMbipe,
B ycxbe peKH BojibmaH Bajiaxnn (CM. pnc. 1). KpOMe xoro, OH, BOSMO>KHO,
rnesAHXCH (XOXH 6bi B neKOXopbie TOAH) na SanaAHOM TaflMbipe, TAB
A. A. BHHOKypoB [1] AoSbiJi B rnesAOBoe speMfl caMKy, Koxopaa, cyAfl no
ronaAaM, HMejia KjiaAKy HS ^exbipex HHU, H coo6maex o Ha6jiK)AeHHH
KD. H. ^epnoBa, oxMexHBUiero nxnuy, oxBOAHBUjyio ox BbiBOAKa. B jiexnee
nepasMHOJKaBuiHXCH Bspocjibix necoiHHKOB-KpacHOUieeK perncxpHpona ceBepHOM 6cpery osepa TaflMbip, B AeJibxe peKH Jlenu H B HH30BbHx peKH HHH [9]; MH nafijiioAajiH HX B neSojibiuoM MHCJIB na BeceHHeM npojiexe H nocjiernesAOBbix Ko^eBKSx B 1977 r. na IOXHOM 6epery
6yxxbi Cbixbiran-Tajia Mopn JIanxeBbix. 33CJiy>KHBaiox cneimajibHoro yno-
44
EnoJioiHHecKne nayKH JV» 4, 1984
MHH3HHH BcxpeHH A. F. CopoKHHHM (ycxHoe cooSuieHHe) OAHOFO Hojouiero
caiviua sxoro BHAa 24 H 26 HIOHH 1979 r. B 40 KM K loro-sanaAy ox HoKypAaxa. MOJKHO Jiniiib npeAnojiaraxb HSJinqne na FHesAOB3HHH KpacHomeHKH
Ha KPJDKSX FIpoHqHiu,eB3, ^eKanoBCKoro H na neKoxopbix HOAHHXHHX MQX.Ay P6K3MH
flHOH
H HHAHFHpKOH,
TUG
OpHHXO(J)3yHa
HpaKXHTCCKH He
Hayqena.
MiirpaiiHOHHbie nyxii nxnu, HS sanaAHOH qacxn apeajia c xoqnocxbio
He ycxanoBjieHbi. OflnaKo jrornqno npeAnojioxHTb, qxo HMCHHO SXH necoqHHKH (popMHpyiox BHyxpHMaxepHKOBblH npoJiexHbifl nyxb, sanaAHbiM KpaeM
AOXOAHIHHH fl.o OKpecTHOcxefl KpacHonpCKa [9] H AjiMa-Axbi [22]. FIOMHMO
AaJibHero BocxoKa B snaqaxejibHOM micne H Sojiee H^H Meeee peryjinpno
npojiexHbix KpacHOiueeK Ha6jiK)ff,ajin
xojibKo B uenxpajibHbix qacxnx rora
Cn6HpH [9, 15, 16; M. H. FojioByuiKHH, ycxnoe cooSmenHe] ox MnHycHHCKOH KOx.xoBHHbi flo roro-BocxoqHoro 3a6aHKajibH. TeM He Menee, B Jiio6oM
c^yqae, no MaccosocxH npojiexHbix nxnu BHyxpHMaxepHKOBblH MHrpaunoHHbift nyxb ne cpaBHHM c XHXOOKeaHCKHM npHSpexubiM, H B SXOM CMbicjie
E. B. KosjiOBa [9] cnpaBeflJiHBo nasbmajia 3x0 nanpaBJieHHe MHrpauHH
BxopocxeneHHbiM. Cjieayex xaKJKe aaMexnxb, qxo na xHxooKeancKOM no6epe>Kbc KpacHomeHKH MHoroqHCJieHHbi HJIH, no KpaHHeft Mepe, o6biqHbi noBCCMeCXHO OX ^yKOXKH 0.0 K»KHHX TpaHHU COBeXCKOTO CoiOSa, XOFA3 K3K
Ha BHyxpHMaxepHKOBOM npojiexHOM nyra OHH oqenb pe^KH B xaexnOH aone
H CX3HOBHXCH o6biqHbIMH XOJIbKO H3 B3HK3JI6 H KOKH66 TJiaBHblM o6p33OM
Ha BOAoeMax cxennbix PSHOHOB. TaKHM o6p33OM, CKJiaAbiBaexca sneqaxjieHHe o TpansHXHOM xapaKxepe npojiexa SXHX HXHU, qepes xanry.
H 3OHajIbHbie CBM3H
flpn ansjiHse reorp3(J)HqecKoro pacnpocxpaHeHHH necoqHHKa-KpacHOB nepHOA pasMHOKeHHa npocjieJKHBaexcn oxqexjiHBan CBHSfa pacnpOCXp3H6HHH BHA3 C FOpHblM H HpeArOpHfalM JI3HAUJa(J)XaMH, H3 qXO yKH3bIB3JI JI. A. ITopTeHKO [14] AJIH HyKOXKH H o6p3UJ,aJIH BHHM3HHe Mbl, TO-
BopH o BocxoqnoM yqacxKe apeajia [21]. OcofieHHO oxqexJiHBO HSM yAajiocb
npocjieAHXb axy cBHSb na peKe KanqajiaH [8, 21]. KyJiHK oxcyxcxsoBaji
B paBHHHHbix qacxHx SacceHHa peKH H He npeACxasjinji oco6on PCAKOCXH
B ropHbix BepxoBbHx KaHqajiana H B HHSKOFOPHOM MaccHBe, noACxynaiom,eM K peKe B cpeAHeM ee xeqeHHH. AHajiornqKbie Ha6jiK>AeHHH CAeJiaHbi
H3MH B OKpecxHocxax Ysjiena: KpacHomeHKH oxcyxcxBosajiH na yBajiHcxoft
psBHHHe nepeuieftKa, oxAejiaromero flemneBCKHe COHKH ox rop BHyxpeHHeft
MyKOXKH, H oSHapyxeHbi B AeJKHeBCKHX conKax, a xan>Ke na CKjionax H y
noAHO>KbH o6oco6,TeHHO cxoHm,Hx rop HnqspHH H YycsH.
4xo KacaexcH sanaAHHx yqacxKOB apeajia, xo H xaM MOJKHO npocjieAHTb CBH3b BHAa C HHSKOFOpHblM JiaHAUIS^XOM, XOXH HpHMbie yK33aHHH H3
3x0 B JiHxepaxype oxcyxcxsyiox. TaK, HHSKoropHHH jiaHAUia(})x MCCXHOCXH
XOpOIHO BHA6H H3 (pOXOrp3(|»HH, HpeACX3BJieHHOH B CT3Tb6 B. H.
KaHHTO-
HOB3 [3], H, no HauiHM HaSjiioAeHHHM, npeo6.aaAaex B OKpecxHOcxnx SyxxH
THKCH, FAB sa HHxepecyromHM nac BHAOM Ha6jiroAaJi H. A. FjiaAKOB [2].
TOMHO xaK >Ke Mecxo Bcxpeqn necoqHHKa-KpacHouieHKH, BbinojiHHBUiero
oxEJieKaromne AeMoncxpauHH na SanaAHOM TafiMbipe [1], npeACX3BJiHex
CO6OH OKOHq3HH6 33H3AHbIX OXpOFOB BOSBHUieHHOCXH ,H,aKC3XaC, KOTOpaH
HMCeX BHA H6HH H6BblCOKHX Ui;e6HHCXbIX XOJIMOB, SHa^HXeJIbHO B03BHUI3IO-
IU.HXCH HSA OKpy^Karomeft Mecxnocxbio. B HHSOBbnx
HHAHFHPKH
cpeAH
HJ1OCKOH 3a6ojIOqeHHOH paBHHHbl XOKOB3BIHHH HeCOqHHK-KpaCHOHJeHKa OX-
Meqen A. F. COPOKHHHM (ycxnoe coo6meHHe) na 6oJibiuoM (BHCOXOH OKOno 30 M) cpaBHHxejibHO cyxoM ysajie c KycxapHHqKOBOH xyHApofl, KoxopoTO, B03MOJKHO, HTHU3 6bIJia BblHyXABHa HpHA6p}KHB3XbCH H3-33 OXCyXCTBHH
So^ee noAXOAHiu,Hx Mecx.
KaK MM ynoMHnajiH psnee [21], eAHHCXBeHHoe cooSmeHHe o naxoAKe
nyxoBoro nxenus H3 PSBHHHHOH npHMOpCKOH xyHApe HMeexcH y Jl. A. FIopxeHKo [13] AJIH SeMJiH FeKa B AnaAbipcKOM JiHMaHe. MOXHO 6biJio 6u
45
nayKH Ns 4, 1984
, MTO BHBOAOK cnycxHjicn xy#a c npHjieJKaiunx XOJIMOB (no
H3HIHM HadjiiofleanHM, nxenubi cnocoSnbi nepeMemsxbCH 33 cyxKH Ha pacCTOHHHC AO 0,5 K M ) , OAnaKO HS onncaHUH Mecxa, cACJiSHHoro JI. A. HopxeHKO, He HCHa o6cx3HOBK3, OKpyxaiouian npHMopCKyK) paBHHHy.
B3xejibHo, noKa npuxoAHxca paccMaxpHBaxb axox cjiyqaft K3K
KOTOpoe, T6M ne Menee, ne onpOBepraex o6uieH saKOHOMepnocxH,
Ky necoTOHK-KpacHOUuefiKa oSbwen TOJibKO B ropaoM JianAinscpxe.
Ha pHcyHKe 1 BIIAHO, mo na rnesAOBSHHH sxox BHA He BHXOAHT B apnTH^ecKHc ryHApbi, paaBHTbie Ha cesepe TaftMbipa, HoBOCH6HpCKHx ociposax, ocrpoBe BpaHre,TH. B o6jiacTH GepHHrHHCKoft jiecoxyHApH (KopHKcKoe naropbe) OH nponHKaex Aa^eKO na ror no ropHO-xvHApoBbiM yq
[7,
no 6HOTonaM
B ropnoM JiaHAiiiacpxe necoqHHK-KpacHoiueHK3 pacnpocxpaneH nepaBHOMepno, qxo oSyc/iOBjieno PHAOM npnqHH. H3H6ojiee noApodnbie naSaioA6HHH CA6;i3HbI H3MH B 1978—1980 IT. B OKpeCXHOCXHX YsJieHa, TAG 3XOX
BHA O6nxaex COBMeCXHO C ApyrHM o6bI L IHHM H CpaBHHXejIbHO 6JIH3KHM BH-
— nepenoHqaxonajibiM necoMHHKOM [Calidris mauri (Cab.)], c KOXO33HHMaex, H3 nepBHH BSFJIHA, OAHH H xe >Ke Mecxa oSnxaHHH. FloaxoMy cpaBHHxejibHhiH anajiHs pasMemenHH SXHX AByx BHAOB npeAcxaBjiaexcH
H3M OCo6eHHO HHXepeCHblM.
O6a BHAa Hace,?iHK)x sanaAHHH MaKpocKJion Ae>KHeBCKHX COHOK ox
noAHo>KbH AO BHCOX oKOJio 450 M H3A ypOBHeM MOpH. Ha paBHHHe nepenecoHHHK, XOXH H peAQK, rnesAHxcH Bnojine peryjinpno, sa
oxAejibHbix Jiex c KpaftHe HOSAHHM CHeroxaHHHeM [19]. OH
HaceJinex xaM yuacxKH ocoKOBO-nyuiHueBO-HBHaqKOBOH MOXOBOH XVHAPH
B HOHHJK6HHHX CpeAH HyUIHUeBHX KOMKapHHKOB HJIH H3 CKJIOHaX M6*Ay
3XHMH KOHKapHHKaMH H pyc.naMH py^beB. neco^HHK-KpacHomeHKa sa 3 roA3 HCCJieAOB3HHH HaHACH rHe3AHUJ,HMCH H3 paBHHHe (H3 VAaJieHHH AO
1,5 KM OX HOAHO>KbH j^CJKHeBCKHX COHOK, T. 6. npaKXHTCCKH B HpeAFOpHOM
JI3HAUJ3(pXe) JIHUIb XpHJKAbI (3,7 % H3HAeHHbIX TH63A H BblBOAKOB) . OAHO
pscnojiarajiocb B KOMKOBaxoM yqacxKe HBHHqKOBo-ocoKOBO-MoxoBon
H3 CpaBHHXCJIbHO CyXOM
CKJione ysajia Koe-rAe c
H3MH, Apyroe noMemajiocb B neoMecxe — na BbinyKJio3a6o^oqeHHOH xynApe c ocoK.aMH, cxejiromeftcH HBOH
TeMHeromefl (Salix fuscescens) H
c MoxoBO-ocoKOBO-nyuiHueBbiMH ne-
CD C
SOr
50
peyBJI3»HeHHbIMH 6opO3A3MH M6JK-
Ay nojiHronaMH [B XBKHX
(Calidris alpina)]. HaKoneu, BbiBOAOK B Bospacxe CVXOK o6Hapy»C6H
H3
xeppace
pyqfaH
co
HBOH KJIHHOJ1HCXHOH
CpaBH6HHH
HCHOJIbSOBa-
HHH OHOXOHOB nepenoHHaxonajifaiM
necoqHHKOM H necoqHHKOM-KpacHolUeflKOH H3 CKJIOH3X /],e>KHeBCKHX
COHOK H B FOpHblX AOJIHH3X (pHC.
2)
Buomonfji
(S.
h i l l a ) H s.xaKaiMH.
IlpH
Ik
10
MOXOBO-JIHLUaHHHKOBOH
BbiHBJiaioxcH neKoxopbie npeA"
HOMXeHHfl 3XHX BHAOB. nepBblft H6-
COMHHK saHHMaex xaM npeHMymecT-
PHC. 2. PasMemeHHe rHeaj necoMHHKa-KpacHOiueHKH (a) H nepenonqaTOnajioro necoHHiiKa (6) no 6noTonaM B OKpecxnocTHX
CKHH nojiyocrpOB) B ropHOM
ma4)Te (/—3) H na paBHHHe (4, 5):
1 — nepeysjiajKHeHHbie
ocoKOBo-ctparnoBbie cnaooKOHKOBaTble yHacTKH, 2 — CblpaH HBHiIMKOBO*OCOKOBO-
seJieHOMoxoBaa
TyHApa, 3 — KOMKOBaxo-SyrpuCTaH
KyCTapHH^KOBO-MOXOBO-JTHUiaHHHKOBaH
TVH^pa. 4
—
paajiHHHbie sapHaHTbi MOXOBHX xynap na paBHime,
5 — nyiiiHi;eBbie KoiKapHbie Tyn^pbi: a — 56 3K3.,
6 — 83 3K3.
46
EuojiorHHecKHe nayKH JM» 4, 1984
BCHHO Cblpbie HSHH^KOBO-OCOKOBO-MOXOBbie XyHApbl C SyrpHCXO-KOIKOBaXHM
MHKpOpeJIbCCpOM H C MOHa>KHHaMH HJIH JIOJK6HH3MH CXOK3; X3KH6 XyHflpbl
pasBHXbi B paflone HccjieAOBaHHH npeHMyuiecxBeHHo na iHJieficfiax COOOK H
B HCKoxopbix AOJiHHax. FlecoqHHKH-KpacHoiiieflKH name rnesAHXca B 6ojiee
cyxoH KOHKOB3xo-6yrpHCxoH KycxapHHqKOBO-MOXOBO-JiHiuaHHHKOBOH xyHApe
C pOCCblHHMH KaMHCH, paCnOJIOKCHHOH HeCKOJIbKO BblUie no
CKJ10H3M, 16M
npeAbiAymnH finoxon. CjieAyex saiviexHXb, MXO KpacHoiueHKa OXOXHO HacejiHex xeppacHpoBaHHbie CKJIOHH CODOK (cojiHtpjiiOKH,HOHHbie xeppacbi), TAG nepenoHqaxonajibie necoHHHKH npaKXH^ecKH He Bcxpeqaroxcfl. Bee axo eme B.
oojibiueH Mepe, TOM noKasano Ha pncyHKe 2, pasACJinex Mecxa o6nxaHHH
3XHX BHAOB. CjieAyex y^HXHsaxb H Gojibiuyio MOsaHHHocxb pacxHxejibHbix
rpynnnpoBOK B ropax, HXO cnoco6cxByex coBMecxHOMy o6HxaHHK> BHAOB npn
HecKOJibKO pasjiHqaiom,HxcH xpe6oB3HH5ix.
TaKHM o6pasoM, o6a BHAa HCCOTOHKOB Meso(J)HJibHbi B CBOHX SHOXOHHHCCKHX npeAHOHTeHHHX, xoxH y KpacHouieHKH oxqexjjHBO npocjie>KHBaexcH
HecKOJibKO 66jibuiaH cxenenb KcepoipHJibHocxH. /I,onoJiHHxe.ibHaH Baxnan
OCo6eHHOCXb
3XHX BHAOB — CBHSb C yBJiaJKHCHHOH MOXOBOH AepHHHOH, KO-
xopan oco6eHHo Ba^na AJIH neco^KHKa-KpacHOHjeHKH, ycxpaHBaromero
rnesAa HCKJiioHHxejibHo BO Mxy H, KaK npaBHJio, Aofibmaromero KopM B
nepHOA pasMHOJKeHHfl BO BJiaxnoft MOXOBOH AepHHne no Kparo xaiomnx
CHexHHKOB, B MOHa>KHHax HJiH no SeperaM pyMbeB. KpacHouieHKa no^xH
coBepuieHHO nsSeraex nyuinueBbix KOMKapnHKOB (peAKo noHEjinexcn xaM
xojibKO B na^ajie BecenHero npojiexa), Koe-rAe nponHKaiomnx Ha CKJIOHH
conoK, H cyxHx ynacxKOB c npeoSjiaAaHHeM jramaHHHKOB, KaMenncxbix
poccbinefi; noixn He nocemaex OH H m.e6HHCXo-pa3HoxpaBHbie yqacxKH.
KpacHomeeK B HIOJIC B saBHCHMOCxn ox BJiajKHOcxn .xexa neB xe HJIH HHbie Mecxa c yMepenno cbipofl MOXOBOH AepnHHOH H nerycxoH xpaBHHHCxoH pacxHxejibHocxbfo, xorAa KaK BHBOAKH nepenoH^axonajioro neco^HHKa npeAnonnxaiox MOKpbie MoqajKHHbi H
CXOK3 C HOApOCIlieH FyCXOH OCOKOH H HyUIHHeH.
HepaBHOMepnocxb pasMemeHHH o6oHX BHAOB neco^HHKOB na
HHH onpeAeJinexcH He xojibKO pacnpeAeJienneM noAXOAauinx SHOXOHOB, HOH OCoSeHHOCXHMH 33Jier3HHH H, CJieAOB3X6JIbHO, CX3HB3HHH CHeJKHOFO HO-
KpoBa B oxAejibHbie FOAM. 3xo CBjiaano c xeM, ixo B nansjie ceaona pssMHOJKeHHH npn Bbi6ope Mecx OHH npeAnoHHX3iox ynacxKH xyHApbi c o6njibHblM yBJI3JKHeHHeM MOXOBOH AepHHHbl H MHOFOHHCJieHKblMH AOX3HBaK)mHMH
CHOKHHK3MH. IIoSXOMy B p33Hbie FOAbl Mbl OTMCHajlH 6oJIbIUH6 HJIH M6Hb-
HJIOXHOCXH rHe3AOB3HHH necoMHHKOB H3 pasHbix yqacxKax CKJIOHOB.
HeoSxoAHMo oxMexHXb xaK>Ke neMajiOBaxHyio pojib xeppnxopHajibHoro
HXHU, 3THX BHAOB B cp°P MH POBaHHH HX HepaBHOMepHoro pacnpena rHesAOBaHHH. flejio B XOM, qxo TeppnxopHajibHbie caMUbi XHroxerox Apyr K Apyry, o6pa3yH csoero pOAa noceJieHHH, B Koxopux qacxo
obisaex B 3H3qnxeJibHOH Mepe CHHXpoHHSHpoBans xeppHxcpnajibH
aKXHBHOcxb HXHU, [17, 18]. Ha BOCXOKB HyKoxKH, rAe njioxnocxb
HHH paccMaxpHBaeMbix necoqHHKOB 3H3HHxeJibH3, xaKHe noceJieHHH cym.ecxBVIOX, no HauiHM naSjiiOAeHHHM, o6biqno no necKOJibKy AHefl, nocjie qero
Moryx nepe(j}opMHpOBaxbCH, npn^eM y neco^HUKOB-KpacHomeeK OHH Menee
Bbipa>KeHbi, qeM y nepenoHqaxonsjibix necoiHHKOB. OAnaKO na rare apea.ia,
B KopHKCKOM H3TOpbe, HpH o6ui,eH HH3KOH HJIOXHOCXH FHe3AOB3HHH neCOMHHKOB-KpaCHOUieeK (})OpMHpOB3HHe C3MUOBHX nOCeJieHHH, BO3MOJKHO, HFpaeX
ocoSeHHO Ba>KHyio pojib, cnoco6cxByH Sojiee ycnemnoMy npHBJieqeHHio caMOK H B Hxore-—yAa^HOMy pa3MHO«<eHHK). Ho KpaimeH Mepe, nepaBHOMepnocxb pasMemeHHH nxnu axoro BHAa xaM BbipajKena ocoSeHHo HpKo:
B p3HOH6 H3IH6H CXOHHKH B BepXOBbHX peKH PbHTblJIbBeeM (npHXOK XaXblpKH) H3M 6bIJIO H3B6CXHO XpH «nHXHa» C KpaCHOLUeHKaMH, B OAHOM H3
Koxopbix nosAHee 6biJio HaHAeno ^exbipe rne3Aa.
^xo Kacsexcfl KOHKpexnbix Mecx o6nx3HHH KpacHomeeK B pasnux qaCXHX ofijiacxH rnesAOBaHHH HOMHMO OKpecxHocxefl Ysjiena, TO, no HaiUHM
Ha6.iK)AeHHflM, B Gacceflne Kan^sjiana H B KOPHKCKOM naropbe OHH HC-
HayKH JV« 4, 1984
47
AOBOJIbHO pa3HOo6pa3HbIH CH6KTP XyHApOBblX 6HOTOHOB OT
c cyxoH JiHuiaHHHKOBofi xyHApofi AD 3a6ojicmeHHbix MOxoBo-ocoKOBbix
CTKOB H COBCpUieHHO H36eraK)T .nHUIb CnjIOIIIHblX KOTOapHHKOB, o6lUHpHHX
•6OJ1OT [21]
H Hie6HHCXbIX HHTHHCTblX XyHAp. HHTCpeCHO, qXO OXACJIfaHbie
FHesAa pacnoJiara/rncb HOA cpaBHHxejibHo Moiu,HbiMH KycTHKaMH KapJiHKoBOH 6epe3KH (Betula exilis) H B OAHOM cjiyiae, na cpeAHeM Kania^ane,
BblBOAOK SblJI HaftAGH H3 KyCXapHH'JKOBOH HOJIflHe B p33pe?KeHHOM HBHHK6
(KycTbi BbicoToft jo 1,5 M) Ha xeppace py^bH. TeM He Menee, KaK H HOA
yajieHOM, BO Bcex cjiyiaHx raesAa H nreHUH o6napy>KeHbi na CHJIOIUHHX
MOXOBblX yqaCTK3X HJIH H3 HHTH3X MX3 (jIHUIb B KopHKCKOM H3FOpbe HHOF-
ja c npeo6^aA3HH6M JIHIIISHHHKOB) cpeAH 6ojiee KcepO(j)HJibHOH pacxHrejibHocTH. B HeKOTopbix cjiyqaHX noAXOAHiUHe MOxoBbie c OCOKOH H (HJIH)
KVCTapHHHKaMH
V^aCTKH HM6JIH
BHA ySKHX OOJIOC,
Me>KAy HeSjisronpHHTHbiMH SHOxonaMH:
SyAy^H
nyuiHueBbiMH
«33X3TbIMH»
KOHKapHHKaMH H
HOHMeHHHMH KyCTapHHK3MH, KO^KSpHRKaMH H CyXHMH me6HHCTbIMH FOp-
HHMH xyHApaMH (BepxoBbH KaHHajiaH3). CyAH no JinxepaxypHbiM cseAeHHHM [2, 3, 14], B ApyrHx paflonax necoTOHKH-KpacHOiuefiKH HcnojibsyiOT
cxoAHbie Mecxa o6HxaHHH.
SaKJHOHCHHC
Ha anajiHsa pacnpocxpaneHHH H paaMemenHH no MecxaM oSHxaHHH
neCOIHHKa-KpaCHOIIieHKH BblflBHJiaCh
OXHeXJIHBaH
npHBHSaHHOCXb BHA3 K
xynapoBbiM ropHHM (rjiaBHbiM oSpasoM HHSKoropHHM) H
JiaHAiuat})TaM, B Koxopwx OH nacejiaex MesocpHJibHbie xyHApbi
BapnaHxoB co 3HaiHTejibHbiM ynacTHeM seJieHbix, pexce C{J)arHOBbix MXOB.
3xo nosBOJiHex vcxaHoBHXb npHHHHy pasopBaHHOcxH apeajia BHAa: ona
CBH33H3 C ^epeAOBSHHCM FOp H oSlUHpHHX p3BHHHHb!X OXpeSKOB H3 HpOCX-
pancxBax xyHApOBoft SOHH BOCXOHHOH CndnpH. FIpOBeAeHKbiH anajiHS noMOF H3M X3KJKC HOHHXb OXCyTCTBHC FHCSAHUtHXCH KpaCHOUieeK y BOCXOHHOFO
npeAejis XspsyjiaxcKoro xpe6xa (loxnoe no6epe>Kbe 6yxxbi Cbixbiran-Tajia
Mopfl JIanxeBbix), FAC MH paSoxajin B 1977 r. Jejio B XOM, HXO B SXOM
paiiOHe rocnoAcxByioT He npHroAHbie AJIH necoiKHKOB-KpacnomeeK nyiunueBbie Ko^KapHbie ryHApbi, saHHMaiomHe uinpoKHe AOJIHRM H mjieH^H conoK H oxAeJieHHbie ox rojibuoBoro nonca jmuib VSKOH HOJIOCOH KcepofymibHHX pacxHxejibHbix rpynnnpoBOK.
HecMoxpa H3 o6m,Hocxb SHMOBOK (XOXH 6w HscxH^Hyio) FIXHU, HS sanaAHofl H BOCXOHHOH nacxefl FHesAQBoro apea^a, odiweH nxnuaMH MCJKAy
HHMH, HO-BHAHMOMV, CCJIH H HpOHCXOAHX, TO KpaHHe pCAKO. O6
3XOM CBH-
jiexejibcxByiox nauiH H36jiK>,aeHH5i, yxasbiBaiomHe na cymecxBOsaHHe rnesAOBOFO KOHcepBaxHSMa cpeAH Bspocjibix [17] H MOJiOAbix neco^HHKOB-KpacHoiueeK, a xaK>Ke neKoxopbie MOptpojiornqecKHe pas^H^HH. TaKHM o6pa30M. Me^KAy KpacHouieftKaMH SXHX pernoHOB MOJKHO npeAnojiaraxb ne xo.xbKO reorpafpHHecKVio, HO H penpOAyKXHBHyro HSOJIHIIHKX
HanpaBJieHHe MHrpaunft (B KDro-Bocxo^nyio ASHIO H ABCxpa.iHio),
a xaKxe npeHMyuiecxBeHHoe pacnpocxpaneHHe na FHesAOBaHHH B BocxoiHOH CuSHpH OAH03H3 1 IHO yK33bIB3K)X H3 ApSBHKJK)
CBHSb BHA3 C
macj)xaMH BOCXOMHOH ASHH. MOJKHO npeAnojioJKHXb, HXO B
nepnoA, KorAa cir.TbHO coKpsxnJiacb njiomaAb JICCOB B BOCXOHHOH
cj!a6o noABeprmeftcH ojieAeneHHro, npeAKH coBpeivieHHoro neco^HHKa-KpacHOUieHKH npOHHKJIH X3M H3 npHHOJIflpHOH o6,T3CXH 6e3JieCHbIX JiaHAUiaC^XOB
[6] B 6oJiee KOKHHC pafioHbi no AOJiHHaw H HOJIOFHM cKjionaivi rop. BePOHXHO, HX Aa-flbHeftuiaH SBOJIIOUHH B XSKHX VCJIOBHHX npHBeJia K (})OpMHpoBaHHK) COBpeMCHHblX ^epX HeCQiIHHK3-KpaCHOUieHKH H UIHpOKOMy Cn.TOHI-
HOMV pacnpocxpaneHHio BHAa Ha FHesAQBanHH B xyHAponoAoSnbix Meso4)H,TbHbix JiaHAiuacjjxax rop ceBepo-socxoKS Cn6HpH. FlosAHee, B roJioiiene.
npH noxenjieHHH H ryMHAHSsuHH KJiHMaxa [5] apeaji BHAa CMCCXHJICH K cesepy H OKasajiCH pasopBannbiM B cooxsexcxEHH c npocxnpSHHeM na cesep
ropHbix CHcxeM. HeSoJibUine pasjiHTOH Mew^y sanaAHHMH H BocxoqHbiMH
48
EHOJiorHiecKHe nayKH f& 4, 1984
yxasbiBaioT Ha cpaBHHxeJibHO He^aBHee HX
IlpOHHKHOBeHHe
BH,Aa
Ha
AjIHCKy,
HeCOMHCHHO,
OTHOCHTCH
K ca.MOMy nocjieflHCMy speMeHH.
JlHreparypa
1. B H H O K y p OB A. A. Oayua nosBOHO^nux JKHBOTHHX pafioua xafiMbipcKoro crauHOnapa (SanaAHbiH TaHMbip). — B c6.: BHoreouenosH xafiMbipcKOH ryHApu H HX npoAyKxiiBHocxb. JI., 1971, c. 212.
2. F j i a A K O B H. A. FlxHuu SanojiapHOH #KyxnH (6yxxa THKCH). — B c6.: FIpo6.neMbi
Ceaepa. M., 1958, sun. 2, c. 169.
3. K a n H x o H O B B. H. OpHHTOJioriwecKHe HafiaiOAeHHH B HHSOBbax JleHH. — B c6.:
OpHHXo.iorafl. M., 1962, Bwn. 4, c. 40.
4. K H p 10 m e H K o C. FI. O CHOJiorHn H iHCJieHHOcra KyjiHKOB ^yKOTCKOro nojiyocxposa. — B c6.: Oayna H SKOJIOFHH KyjiHKOB. M., 1973, aun. 2, c. 37.
5. K H I U . H H C K H H A. A. OcHOBHbie sJieMeHxu ropnbix (payn ceaepo-BOcxoKa CH6npn H
ceBepo-3ana.ua AMCPHKH H sxanu (JjopMHpoBaHHa STHX (})ayH (no AaHHHM 6HoreorpaijjHiecKoro anajiHaa). — B c6.: BepHHraa B KaflHoaoe. BjiaAHBocxoK, 1976, c. 368.
6. K H m H H c K H H A. A. HpocTpaHCXBeHHbie H sKOJioriwecKHe CBSSH aBH(J)ayHbi CeeepoBOCXO'JHOH A3HH. — ABXOpC(}). AOKX. AHC. M.,
1979.
7. K H I U H H C K H H A . A. n-rmibi KOPHKCKOFO naropbH. — M., 1980.
8. K H m H H c K H H A. A., T o M K o B H q D. C., 4> Ji H H x B. E. HxHUbi BacceftHa Kama.lana (HyKorcKHfl HauHOHajibHHH oKpyr). — Tp./3ooji. Mysea MFY, 1983, x. 21, c. 3.
9. K o 3 Ji o B a E. B. PxaHKooSpasHbie. DoAoxpHA KyjiHKH. — B KH.: <J>ayna CCCP.
rixHUbi. M. — JI., 1962, x. 2, sun. 1, i. 3.
10. K o H A p a T b e s A. ^. EnojiorHH Ky.iHKos B xyHApax Ceaepo-BocxoKa ASHH. — M.,
1982.
11. K p e i M a p A. B., A n A p e e s A. B., K o H A p a x b e s A. 51. SKO^orHa H pacnpocxpaneHHe nxnu na Cesepo-BocxoKe CCCP. — M., 1978. .
12. Mop 03 OB B. B., T O M K O B H I J n. C. PasMemeHne H qncJieHHOcxb rHesAHmnxcH
necoHHHKOB B oKpecxHOcxHX noc. VsJieH (^yKOTKa). — B c6.: Hosoe B HsyqeHHH SHO.IOFHH H pacnpocxpaneHHH Ky^HKOB. M., 1980, c. 157.
13. D o p x e H K O JI. A. Oayna AHaAbipcKoro Kpaa. H. 1. IlxHaH. — Tp./HHH no^npn.
aeMJieAeJiHH, XHBOXHOBOACxsa H npoMbicji. xos-Ba. Cep. FIpOMbicJi. XOS-BO, 1939, BMn. 5.
14. H o p x e H K O JI. A. HXHUH MyKoxcxoro nojiyocxposa H ocxposa Bpanre;iH. H. 1. —
JI., 1972.
15. T o . 11 HH B. A., S a c x y n o B B. n., C O H H H B. /I,. MarepHajiH K nosnaHHio KVJIHKOB BaftKajia. — B c6.: OpHHxojiorHH. M., 1977, Bun. 13, c. 40.
16. T o jii H H B. A., II H x b a H o B C. B. K oceHHemy npojiexy KyjiHKOB Ha rare MiinyCHHCKOH KoxjioBHHbi. — B c6.: HoBoe B HayqeHHH 6HOJiorHH H pacnpocTpaneHHH KyaHKOB. M., 1980, c. 123.
17. T O M K O B H H n. C. TeppHxopnajibHocxb HeKoropHX MOHoraMHbix BHAOB necoijHHKOB. —
B c6.: XVIII MoKAynapOAHbifi opHHXo^orHqecKHft Konrpecc. Tesncbi AOKJiaAOB n
cxeHAOBbix cooSmeHHH. M.. 1982, c. 243.
18. T o . M K O B H q n. C., M o p o 3 o B B. B. K fiHOJionw pa3MHO*eHHH nepenoHqaxona^oro neco^KHKa na ^ynoxKe. — B c6.: Hosoe B HSyqeHnu 6nojiorHH H pacnpocxpaneHHH KyjiHKOB. M., 1980, c. 173.
19. T O M K O B I I H n. C., C o p o K H H A. F. $ayna nxnu BOCXOTOOH ^ynoxKH. — Tp./3ooji.
Mysen MFV, 1983, x. 21, c. 77.
20. <J> n H HT B. E. HeKoxopbie HXOFH H nepcneKXHBH nayienHH KyjiHKOB (jiaynu CCCP. —B c6.: HoBoe B HsyieHHH SHOJIOPHH H pacnpocxpaneHHH KyjiHKOB. M., 1980, c. 3.
21. <t> .1 H H x B. E., T o M K O B H q FJ. C., K H I I I H H C K H H A. A. Hosbie AaHHbie no pacnpocxpaneHHK) H 6HOJiorHH pasMHOxenHH necoiHHKa-KpacHoiiieHKH. — B c6.: Hoaoe B.
HsyqenHH SnojiorHH H pacnpocxpaHeHHH KyjiHKOB. M., 1980, c. 178.
22. Xp OK OB B. B., F a s p H J i O B 3. H., E p o x o s C. H. FlecoHHHK-KpacHoinefiKa —
Hosbifl BHA B (payHe HTHH KasaxcxaHa. —HSB. AH KasCCP. Cep. 6noJi., 1980, N° 3,
c. 82.
23. K e s s e l B., G i b s o n D. Status and distribution of Alaska birds. — Studies of
Avian Biology, 1978, K? 1.
PeKOMendoeaua SooJiozmecKUM myseeM MOCKOBCKOZO eocydapcreeHHoeo
UM. M. B. JIoMonocoea. FlocrynuAa 11 (peepajix 1983 e.
ynueepcuTera