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saHHTHH repofl HOSMH H SoArapcKoro ^apH OepAHHaHAa (2.18-21); o6pam;aeT na ceOH BHHMaHHe HHBepcHH BOSpacToa: AeseHiyK na 40 ACT crapirre MOAOAOTO neTpa, TorAa KaK KcasepHH na 40 AGT MOAOJKe OepAHHaHAa.
FlosMa " HamypaAucm" , nanucannaR M.HOKI B gex.a6pe 2006 — (pespOAe 2007
r., 6biAd onydAUKOBana snepBbie B jKypnaAe "Mocmbi" ((ppaHKtpypm), 2007, 15,
c. 64—77, a sameu BouiAa B KHury cmuxos "OmdAecx" (HoBOcudupcx: "Feo",
2008, c. 143—163); meKcm nosMbi MOXHO mavjKe naumu B MnmepHeme (http://
victorfet.com). TIosMa cogepjKum MHoroiucAenHbie omcbiAKu K co6bimuRM, nassaHURM u UMBHOM, npoucxo)KgeHue u snanenue Komopux vumameAio ne max
AerKO ycmaHOBumb; mnorue us HUX CBRSdHbi c unmepecauu u 6uorpd(pueu asmopa. /\aHHbie, gaAeKO He noAHbie, KOMMenmapuu — CBOero poga SKseresa,
cocmaBAeHHaR c neAbio yrAy6AenuH u pas^RcnenuR, KomopaR, R nageiocb, B
KUKOu-mo uepe ygoBAemsopum unmepec AtodoanameAbHoro HumameAR. HyMepav,uR cmpoveK B KOMMenmapuRx (nanpuwep, 1.10) gaemcR B omgeAbHocmu
gAx Kawgou nacmu nosmbi, KomopaR cocmoum us npOAora, gecRmu nepasHbix
no BeAUHune vacmeu, u snuAora.
FIpoAor, SHaqenne KOTOporo HecKOAbKO npoHCHHexcn K KOHUV nosMbi, HSAOJKBH, KaK H Becb ee xeKcr, OT Anna anoHHMHoro paccKasHHKa, AaAeKoro HOTOMKa rAasHoro repon. PaccKasiHK STOT pacnoAaraeTca B QyAyineM. B 3nnAore
A6TCTBO repoH B SaKacnHHCKOM Kpae (OKOAO 1900 r.) AarapyeTCH KaK "mpucma
Aem nasag", TOD noMenjaeT paccKasTOKa npHMepno B 2200 FOA. KaACHAapb co6bITHH rpHAyiUHX 200 A6T H3M BHA6H AHUIb CMyTHO. PaCCKaSIHK MpaHHO COO6-
inaeT B FIpOAore, HTO "Mupnoe cmoAemue npouiAo"; H3 sxoro MH saKAioqaeM,
HTO B6Cb 22-H
B6K 6bIA AOCTaTOHHO MHpHbIM nepHOAOM, B OTAHHH6 OT KdTaCT-
pocpHnecKoro 21-ro, co6biTHH KOTOporo BKpaTue H3AO«eHbi B nacTH 10. FIpHHHM3H, qTO 6HOAOrHHeCKH6 CpOKH paSMHOJKeHHH HeAOBeMeCKOFO pOAa H6 H3M6HHAHCb, paCCKaSHHK OTAaABH OT repOH HO3MH Ha 10 HOKOAeHHH.
1.10. KcaBepuu - nepsoe ynoMHHaHHe HMGHH rAaBHoro repoa, Koropoe yKa3biBaeT na ero noAbCKoe nponcxo^AeHHe. AonoAHHxeAbHHe HCTOHHHKH peAKOroB POCCHH HMGHH "KcasepHH" - HecoMHeHHO, CB. OpamLHCK KcasepHH (15061552), 3HaM6HHXbiH coocHOBaTeAb (BMecTe c MrnaTneM AOHOAOH) opAena nesyHTOB, MHCCHOHep B A3HH; dTaKJKe, B03MO«HO, "MexaHHH6CKHH -qeAOBeK" (aHA-
POHA) KcaBepHH B poMane A. C. Tpnna "SoAOxaa ^e^b" (1925). Ms Apyrnx HMBH
BcnoMHHaexcH H rpacp OpannncK KcaBepHH BpaHH^KHH ( 1 730 - 1 8 1 9) , B6AHKHH
reTMan KOPOHHHH noAbcKHH H co3Aax6Ab SHaMeHHXoro ABHAponapKa "AAeKcanAPHH" noA BBAOH L}epKOBbio. Ero AOHB, EAHcaseTa KcaBepbeBHa BoponuoBa,
HSBecxna KaK BO3MO»HaH "yraeHHaa AioSoBb" FlyiuKHHa B OAecce.
TOA pojKAeHHH nauiero KcasepHH - 1890 HAH 1891 (CM. 3.33, "u B 23-M,
mpugu,amu gByxAem"), TOHHHH TOA CMepTH (nocAe 1956, B Bene?) naM HGHSBecTen. KcasepHH Bbipoc B Acxa6aAe B ceMbe soeHHoro, c ASTCTsa y nero
OTKpbiAca TaAaHT HaTypaAHCTa H ocoSoe BHAeHHe BFAy6b npocxpaHCTBa
(1.50-56). HHTaTBAH 3aM6THT 6AH3K06 CXOACTBO B HM6HH H 3aHHTHHX TepOH
c BHAaromHMCH HaTypaAHCTOM, nepBOOTKpbiBaTeAeM CHMGnoreHesa 1 , KOHCTaHTHHOM CepreeBHqeM Mepe^CKOBCKHM (1855-1921). ABTOP npHSHaeT,
HTO CXOACTBO 3TO OTqacTH HaMepeHHoe B HaTypaAHCTHHeCKOM acneKTe, HO
AOAJKBH sasepHTb, HTO ero reponqecKHH KcaBepHH He neceT neraTHBHbix
MopaAbHbix nepT, B BbicmeH CTeneHH npncymnx peaAbHOMy K. C. Mepe»KOBCKOMy 2 . B TO «e speMH KcasepHio npHAaHH qepTbi MHOFHX ero coBpeM6HHHKOB-HaTypaAHCTOB pOCCHHCKOFO npOHCXO^AeHHH, paBHO K3K H aBTO-
SnorpacpHqecKHe nepTbi. ABTOP TaK«e nposeA KcasepHH no qexbipeM nanQoAeenpHMenaTeAbHbiMreorpacpHqecKHMMecTaMCBoeHacHSHH; STO - TypKM6HHH, Bena, HHXHHH KaAHCpopHHH ("Baxa") H BoArapHH.
1.18. "cmaga mapxusa KapaGaca" - OTsayK AeTCKoro ^TeHHH repoH; CKasKa UlapAH rieppo "KOT B canorax" (Le Chat bott£, 1697).
1.21. "MepB, gaBuiuu UM.H Moeuy repoio" — FIoAHoe HMH repoa B HSBecTHOH
HaMCpopMe, "KcasepHH MepBCKHH", xpeOyexnoHCHeHHH. "MepBCKHH" (nepBoeynoMHHaHHe: 2.11), CKOpeescero - nceBAOHHM, BSHTbinKcaBepHeMAAH
ero nayqHOH AeHTeAbHOCTH B 1910-x roAax B naMHTb o SaKacnHHCKOH o6AacTH (Tenept TypKMeHHCTan), TAB OH Bbipoc, B necxb ropoAa Mepsa (xenepb
Mapbi) H MepscKoro oasnca. He HCKAKweno, ^TO npn STOM KcasepHH XOTGA
CKpbiTb OT nySAHKH CBOK) HacTOHinyio apHCTOKpaxHHecKyro cpaMHAHio, KOxopaa ocxaexcH naM HensBecTHOH (CM. 1.30).
AnmoHUBdH AesenryK ( 1 632 — 1 723) AeMOHCTpnpoBaA CBOH OTKPHTHH AioSosHaxeAbHOMy pyccKOMy n,apio Flempy I (1672 - 1725). Cp. MHKpocKonnqecKHe
1.22. "CmoRA HO gpeBHCM LUeAKOBOM nymu" - MepB - OAHH HS ApeBHenIUHX ropoAOB CpeAHeft ASHH, cToain,HH na Sepery peKH MypraS, CTOAHqa
ApesneH MaprnaHH. MepBCKHH oasnc TbicaHeAeTHHMH 6biA Ba»HOH ocraHOBKOH nyremecTBeHHHKOB H u,eAbK) saBoeBaxeAeH.
304
305
1.7, 1.12. "FlempB FoAAanguu... HOBbiuAeBeHryK" — B Mae 1698 r. B A,eAbd>
T6 nepBOOTKpbIBaT6Ab MHKpOOpraHHSMOB H CO3AaT6Ab nepBblX MHKpOCKOnOB,
1.25 — 26. "rge Borameem HbiHeuiHuu campan, gepxaw,uu Aany HO nocmasKe rasa" — noxojKe, HTO sanacbi npnpOAHoro rasa H OKpyacatoinaa HX Koppyni(HH eine cytnecxsyiox B 23 B6K6, OTKyAa BeAexca paccKas.
1.29. "KUMnepuu6biAnpucoeguneH" — Mnpnoe npucoeAHHeHne MepBCKoro
oasHca K SaKacnHHCKOH o6AacTH POCCHHCKOH HMnepHH Aaxapyexca 1884 r.
1.30. "Omeu, KcaBepux, ROAKOBHUK" — BHAHMO, ocpnnep noAbCKoro nponcxo;«AeHH5i na pyccKOH CAy»6e. Ero sosyr KoncTaHTHH (CM, 10.8), cpaMHAHH
«e nan HeHSBecxHa. KmiJKecKHH THTyA, SBanne noAKOBHHKa B POCCHHCKOH
apMHH H pOAOBOe BOAblHCKOe HM6HH6 (3.29) HO3BOAHIOX OTH6CTH CeMBK) K
noAbCKOH apncxoKpaxHH, AOHABHOH uapcKOMy npaBHTeABCTBy. BOABIHB BouiAa
B PoccHHCKyio HMnepnio no BTopOMy (1793) H xpexbeMy (1795) paaAeAaM
IIoAbiiiH. flaseA I BO3BpaxHA noABCKOMy ABOpaHcxsy npHBHAernn, H MHorne
apncxoKpaxBi, nanpHMep, KHHSB^ ^lapxopBiHCKHe (Czartoryski) HCKOAH
Aep^KH B POCCHH. OHH x.e BAaAeAH noMecxbHMH na BOABIHH, B TOM
KCxaxH, H noA POBHO, TAG B HaqaAe 20 seKa JKHAH npeAKH asxopa. BOSMOJKHO,
CeMBHHBie CBH3H HOMOFAH KcaBepHIO BnOCA6ACXBHH H B KaXOAHqeCKOH B6H6,
H npn ero KonxaKxax c neaynxaMH B MeKCHKe B 1920-x
1.31. "HOSHaien B acxadagcKuu rapHuson" - TypKMencKHH ayA Acxa6aA
6HA sanax npn saBoeBaHHH SaKacnHHCKoro Kpaa BoiicKaMH ren. CKoOeAesa
185JHB3PH 1881 T.
1.34. "naptpRHCKuepacKonKu" — paaBaAHHBi HHCBI, CXOAHUBI FlapcpHHCKOH
HMnepHH, B 18 KM ox Auixa6aA&. CncxeMaxn^ecKHe apxeoAornqecKHe pacKonKH HHCBI Hanaxbi B 1930-e rr. M. E. MacconoM.
1.35. "Ee3o6AaiHoe gemcaiBO B AcxaSage" — AcxaSaA, HOXOM
noxoM Amxa6aA, xenepb Amra6ax — cxoAHqHHH ropoA BaKacnHHCKoro Kpasi
POCCHHCKOH HMnepnn (xenepb cxoAHi^a TypKMeHHcxana) . AexoM oSAaKa xan
peARH. Asxop qacxo SbisaA B AmxaSaAe B 1975— 1987, a saxeM nocemaA ero B
1 997 H 2002 rr.
1.37 — 38. " Buaumbi K cpuptosuHCKUM KasamM; yGumbiu uMumurp" — sropHOM noceAKe Onpiosa noA Acxa6aAOM H Bbime B ropax L(eHxpaABHoro KoneTAara HaxoAHAHCb norpaHHqnbie c FlepcHeH HOCXH KaaaKOB; xaM B nanaAe
20 seKa eme BCTpenaACJi no AOAHHaM Hbme BHMepiuHH aaKacnHHCKHH xnrp
(Panthera tigris virgata), HpeaBbinaHHO OAHSKHH K yccypHHCKOMy 3.
1.39. "BnAomb go nocAegnero apecma" — BHAHMO, c yxoAOM anrAHHCKHX
BOHCK (1919 T.) H OKOHHaXeABHBIM yCXaHOBAeHH6M COBeXCKOH BAaCXH B AC-
xaSaAe POAHTBAH KcasepHH SBIAH noABeprayxbi penpeccHHM. He HCKAroqeHO, qxo OTSU repoH, apncxoKpax H BHAHHH BoeHHbiH, ynacxBOBaA B anxHcoB6XCKOM BOCCXaHHH B HK>A6 1918 T. HAH AaX6 6bIA qABHOM
!'43. "c BuAhKeBUHeu" - BnABKesHq, C. H., BHAHHH sooAOr, ycxponxeAB
Mysea ecTecTBeHHoii HCTOPHH B Acxa6aAe, OAHH H3 nepsBix HCCAeAOBaxeAen
cpayHBi SaKacnHHCKoro Kpan B 1890-x- 1920-x r r 4 . Ho sospacxy C. M. BHAbK6BHH snoAHe Mor 6tiTb HacTdBHHKOM KcaBepHH H 6paxb ero c co6oH B
paAHCXHHecKHe noe3AKH B naTOAe 1900-x rr.
1 .44 - 45. "npecnoBognbix Kpa6oB mex goAan" - B ropnbix AOAHHax KoneTAara OSBIHHBI npecnoBOAHLie K pa6H (Potamidae)5. "onycKaA B npoapawbiu
ipopMOAUH" - paKOoSpasHbie, BKAiOHaa KpaSoe, AASI MyaenHbix KOAAG^HK
dpuKcnpyioxcH B cnnpxy HAH (JjopMaAHne (pacxsope cpopMaAbAerHAa) ; yKasana xo, HXO lOHbiH KcasepHH yxe xorAa co6npaA MyseftHbie MaxepnaABi
SaKacnHHCKoro Mysea, ocnoBaHHoro
2.3 — 4: "om EeAoro go Vepnoro Moped u na neanoAbCKOM cmav,uoHape" —
BHAHMO, cpeACTBa ero CGMBH AaAH ronoMy KcasepHio BOSMO^CHOCXB nyxeinecxBosaxB c naxypaAHCXHqecKHMH u;eAHMH no POCCHH H sa py6ex r KBK, nanpHMep, 3x0 A6A3A cxyAenxoM ero CBepcxHHK A. A. Aio6HLo,eB (1890— 1972).
HaxypaAHCXH^ecKHe HCCAeAOBaHHH B BBicuien cxenenn csasaHbi c
nocxoHHHBix noABBbix cxau;HOHapoB, 6HOAorHHecKHX cxanqHH.
— KAaccnqecKoe MBCXO nsyqeHHa cesepHOH BOAHOH dpaynbi, TAB
B 1882 r. SHA oxKpbixa GnocxaHUHH na Qaae CoAOBeuKoro MonacTbipa (B
1899 ee CMemiAa MypMancKaa 6HOCxaHUHH na BapeH^eBOM Mope). HepHoe
nope — aHaAorHHHoe Mecxo nsyqenHH IOXCHOH BOAHOH cpaynbi, FAS pacnoAaraAacb snaMenHxaji CesacTonoAbCKaa SnocxaHiiHa (c 1871 r.). HepnoMopcKne MOXHBH AaAee pasBHsaioxcH B xeKCxe B CBHSH c 6oArapcKHMH CBHSHMH
KcasepHH, a xaKJKe ero xropeMHHM saKAroneHHeM B OAecce; OHH HMBIOX xaK»e aBToOnorpadpHqecKHH xapaKxep (CM. 4.46). HeanoAbCKuu cmau,uoHap
(Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn) - MopCKaa 6nocxaHi],HH MHpoBoro snaqeHHH, ocHOsaHHaa B 1 872 r. B HeanoAe H6Mei(KHM SOOAOFOM A. AOPHOM ( 1 840 —
1909) , TAB pa6oxaAH neAbie noKOAeHHH GAecramnx pyccKHX SHOAOFOB, BKAIOqaa A. O. KoBaAescKoro, H. K. KoABijOBa, B. T. LUesHKOBa, A. H. CesepupBa,
B. A. AoreAa n MHOFHX Apyrnx6. APYrafl sHaMeHHxaa SHOAornqecKaH cxanH;HH na CpeAHseMHOM Mope, B BnAAadppaHKe (Villefranche-sur-Mer) B03A6
HHu;qbi, 6biAa ocHOBana pyccKHMH yneHBiMH B 1884 r. BOSMO^KHO, qxo B ASTcxBe KcasepHH BBiesjKaA na OXAHX c ceMben Ha Hepnoe Mope, a xaKace B MxaAHBD H Hni(n;y, KdK 3x0 AGABAH MHorne poccHHCKHe apncxoKpaxbi.
HepHOMOpCKyio dpayny (3M6pnoAorHro MeAya) nsyqaA na KaBKascKOM no6epe».be HHKOAan BacHAbeBHH dpon Kopen ("Ay3ABrr A. n. Hexosa, 1891).
npoo6pas cpoH Kopena (SAecxaine cBirpanHoro B. C. BBICOHKHM B 3KpaHH3a^HH 1973r.) - ApyrHexosa, sooAOTBAaguMupAAeKcangpOBUHEarHep (18491934). BarHep nAannpoBaA HSAasaxB BMecxe c HexoBHM «;ypnaA "HaxypaAHCX"; xaKOH «ypnaA 6biA ocHOBan B 1912 r. BarnepOM H A. B. ElHcapxeBCKHM HOA HassaHHeM "FTpHpOAa", H cymecxsyex noHbme7. H Hepnoe Mope (B
oco6eHHOcxH KpbiM H OAecca), H MxaAHH (no6epe»bH AApnaxEqecKoro H
TnppeHCKoro Mopen) - xpaAH^HOHHbIe xonocbi AA« pyccKoii AHxepaxypH.
SaKacnHHCKoro BpeMeHHoro npaBHxeAbcxsa (1918-1919).
306
307
2.7. "vepnoA UA om BOATU go Oneru" — KaK BHAHO, MOAOAOH KcasepHH HHTepeCOBaACH He TOAbKO MOpCKOH, HO H npeCHOBOAHOH CpayHOH H CpAOpOH
2.22. "B cosonoAbCKOM necKe ocmciBUB CAeg" - anaxpoHHSM: OnbiTHaa HXCosonoAe 6biAa cosAana TOAbKO B 1932r.12; eenepCT3A pyCCKHH SMHIpaHT, BbIAaiOn];HHCH HXTHOAOF AA6K-
2.30. Ipoqxuii (BponuiTeHH), A. J\. (1879- 1940) - POCCHHCKHH noAHTH^ecKHH ASHTeAb, OAHH H3 AHAepOB OKTH6pbCKoro nepesopOTa 1917 r.; B 19121913rr. 6biAKOppecnoHAeHTOMpyccKHxra3eTHaBaAKaHCKHXBOHHax, c 1908
no 1912 r. HSAasaA B Bene raseTy "OpaBAa". CM. TaK«e 8.9- 10.
H6 npOCTO "KAaCCHHeCKHM" HaTypaAHCTOM, KOTOpblH TOAbKO OHHCblBaeT H
HeiaeB. CosonoAb (ApesHHH AnoAAOHHH noHTHHCKaa) pacnoAomen
na ioro-3anaAHOM Sepery Hepnoro Mopn.
POCCHH, ocoSeHHO 6eHTocHbiMH (AOHHHMH) oprannsMaMH (cp. 4.40, 7.11).
BneiaTAHioT aneprHH H reorpacpHH ero nepenemeHHH B 1 900-x rr. ; He HCKAIOqeno, ITO OH npncoeAHHHACH K rpynnaM CTyAeHTOB-ecxecTBeHHHKOB.
2.8, " cBeMuu reHemmecmu xapron" —
sapncoBbTBaeT CBOH oeijeKTbi, HO xopomo pa36npaACH H B HOBeHuiHX TeopnHX. SaKOHbi MeHAeAH, nepBOOTKpbisaTeAH reneTHKH 8, 6biAH "BHOBB OTKPHTH" B 1900 r., a caMO CAOBO "reneTHKa" H ee TepMHHOAorHnecKHH CAOsapb
("xaproH") SHAH cosAdHbi anrAHHCKHM GHOAOFOM BnAbHMOM BSTCOHOM
(1861 - 1926) B 1900-x rr. (B 1914 rr y Hero crajKHpoBaACfl H. H. BaBHAOB 9 ,
posecHHK KcasepHH).
2. 13 — 14. "KpyjKHbiM nymeM ascmpo-BeHrepcKUM ... gocmur (ppaKiiucKiix Bog"
— orbesA KcasepHH HS POCCHH B ABCTpo-BenrpHio (1907— 1908?), CKOpee
Bcero, cBHsan c o6yneHHeM B BBHCKOM yHHBepCHTBTe (rAe B TO Me BpeMH
, nanpHMep, SHaMeHHTbiH B 6yAymeM CJDHSHK 3pBHH LIIpeAHHrep).
KcasepHH B EoArapnH (ApeBHHH OpaKHa) OTHOCHTCH npHMepno
K 1909- 1910 rr. Vx.e snaKOMbiH c HepnoMopCKOH doaynoH POCCHHCKHX 6eperoB (2.3), KcasepHH pemaeT npoeecTH neKOTOpoe speMH B noAesbix ycAOBHax AAH ee HccAeAOBaHHa Ha MaAOH3yH6HHOM SoArapcKOM no6epe»cbe. Pe30HHO noAaraTb, HTO MOAOAOH SOOAOF npoBOAHA noAesbie cesoHbi na HepnoM
Mope, a 3HMHee BpeMH B ecTecTBeHHOHCTOpHHecKHx MyseHX Esponbi (4.12).
HaM H6H3BecTHo, noHeMy KcasepHH Bbi6paA HMBHHO BoArapnio AAH cBoeii
HayHHOH paSoTH no opraHHSMaM Hepnoro Mopa (CM. xaKHce 4.40), HO 3Ta CTpana cbirpaeT HecoMenHyio pOAb B ero AaAbHeHiueH
2.18. "SoArapcKua u,apb, nbinuuBbiu (DepguHang" - OepAnnaHA I Ko6yprCKHH (1861 — 1948), KHH3b BoArapnH c 1887r. H u,apb nesaBHCHMOH BoArapHH
B 1908— 1918 rr., AencTBHTeAbHO HHTepecosaACH ecTecTBennbiMH nayKaMH.
B BospacTe 18 ACT OH OTnpaBHACH BMBCTB c GpaTOM AsrycTOM B BpasHAHio c
OoTaHHHecKOH SKcneAHueH 10, a B 1889 r. ocnoBaA Mysen ecTecTBeHHOH HCTOpHH B CotpHH (CM. 6.3). IlOAHTHHeCKaH ASHTeAbHOCTb OepAHHaHAa 6bIAa
Menee ycneuiHon: OH npHHHMaA aKTHBHoe yqacTHe B pasBHSbmaHHH FlepBOH
H BTOpoH BaAKancKHX BOHH (1912- 1913), npeAiuecTBOBaBiuHX IlepBOH MHPOBOH BOHHe, a B 1918 6biA BbiHy^ASH OTpeHbCH OT npecTOAa B noAbsy Cbma
Bopnca (CM. TaioKe 9.9).
2.20 — 21. Hnmepcmuu,uaAbHafi diayna — npocTenniHe opraHHSMbi H MBAKne SecnosBOHOHHbie scHBOTHbie, o6HTaiouj;He B npoMeacyTKax Me«AY sepnaMH necKa. KcaBepnH H OepAHHaHA HaQAioAaioT HepnoMOpCKHX aMe6, KOTopbix BnocAeACTBHH onncaA KpynneHiaHH 6oArapcKHH npoTOSOOAOr, npo4>eccop BacHA
u
BHM
2.33 - 35. "mpyguACft uMnepamop (ppaHu,-Hocu(p, om nucen ompesan noAOcy 3a noAocou QAR 6ygyw,ux aciKAagoK" - B HMnepaTopCKOM ABopqe-Mysee
LUenGpyHH noA Benon TypncraM AeMOHCTpnpyiOT ycepAHocTb H nopHAQK, c
KOTOpbiMH pa6oTaA npecTapeAHH <I)paH^-HocHCp 1(1830-1916), npaBHBinHH
ABCTPHHCKOH HMnepnen B Te^enne 68 AeT. Y HMnepaTopa AencTBHTeAbHO
SbiAa npHBHHKa OTpesaTb HOAOCKH HHCTOH, BbicoKOKa^ecTBenHOH 6yMarn OT
nnceM, ncnoAbsyn HX AAH saKAaAOK H
2.43 — 44. "nynKumyruxBOAOKOH... gsouHbix MewdpaH ycmomuBbiu noKpos"
— SAaroAapn csoeMy BOAineGnoMy spennio, KcasepHH HaSAiOAaA MeAbnaHuine CTpyKTypbi JKHBHX KABTOK, KOTopbie CTaAH BHAHH y^enbiM TOABKO K
1950-1960-M roAaM nocAe H3o6peT6HHH 3A6KTpOHHoro MHKpocKona (CM.
2.55). riyuKU myrux BOAOKOH MoryT OTHOCHTbca K crpyierype AHK B xpOMOCOMax, KOTOpan SbiAa HensBecTHa yneHbiM AO 1950-x TOAOB 8. ^BOUHbiuu M6M6panaMH oKpy«eHbi BajKHeHiiiHe KAeTOHHbie CTpyoypbi (opraHeAAbi) CHMGHOTHHecKoro npOHCxo^ASHHH (MHTOXOHAPHH H XAOponAacTbi) ; naMBK Ha TO,
MTO y«e B 1910-x rr. KcaBepnH nor BHAeTb AOKasaTeAbCTsa cHMSnoTHHecKOro npOHCxo^AeHHH KABTOK ayKapnoT (JKHBOTHHX H pacTenHH). BnepBbie 3Ty
rnnoTesy ctJiopMyAnpOBaA K. C. MepeacKOBCKHH B 1909 r. ', a pasBHA B. M.
Koso-noAHHCKHH B 1921-1924 rr. 13
2.55 - 56. "Ho B Mup npuuiAU unue MUKpocKonu, nepemenuB ipomoH na 3A6Kmpon" — penb HAST 06 3A6KmpoHHOM MHKpocKone, KOTOPHH H3o6peA 3pncT
PycKa (1906- 1988) B TepMamiH B 1932 r. (nepsan KOMMep^eCKaa
1939; Ho6eA6BCKaH npeMHH no cpHSHKe, 1986) 14. (Pomonbi - KBaHTH
I^bl, BOAHbl) CB6T3, HCHOAbSyeMbie B oQbHHHX (CBeTOBHX, HAH
MHKpocKonax, HsoSpeTeHHbix em;e B 17 BeKe, H AawmHX yBeAHHenne B COTHH pa3. 3A6KTpOHHbIH MHRpOCKOH Aa6T yBBAHHeHHe B TbICflHH H COTHH TbICHH
pas, nosBOAHH BHAeTb MeAb^aHiiiHe CTpyKTypnbie AeTaAH KABTOK. HyAecnoe
"rAy6HHHoe BHAenne" KcasepHH oSAaAaAO noAoOnbiM, BCAH He 6oAee BHCOKHM, paspemeHHeM.
2.57. "max OH 6poguA no nepeyAKOM Beau, He Began HU <J)peuga, HU
— c nanaAOM FlepBOH MHPOBOH BOHHU (asrycT 1914) KcasepHH OKasaACH B
Bene, TAB, 6yA"yHH POCCHHCKHM noAAaHHHM, OH AOA^cen SHA 6biTb HHTepHH309
308
XblHb KOXOpOH H HO C6H AGHb BC6 6IXj;e HAOXO H3yH6Ha.
3.5 — 6. " nocew,OA MocKsy (rge HUKorga u He 6biA HdfiBy)" — OAHHM H3 nssecxHeHixiHX pyccKHX SMHrpanxoB, HHKorAa B »H3HH He GbiBasmnM B MocKBe,
H oco6o 3x0 oxMeqasiuHM, GHA nexep6yp»et( B. B. Ha6oKOB (1899— 1977).
HOH MHCCHeii B Baxe 6biAa MHCCHH CB. OpaHixHCKa KcasepHH (Mision San
Francisco Javier) K BocxoKy ox Aopexo. KcasepHH GasnpoBaAca B nopxoBOM
ropOAKe Aa-FIas Haroro-BocxoHHOMnoSepejKbe noAyocxpoBa (CM. 6.32, 8.10).
B 1 920-x roAax OH Mor ynacxBOBaxb B SKcneAHiinax sooAora Aopenca Xbion,
6oxaHHKa Anpbi YnrrHHca H Apy™x HCCAeAOBaxeAeH 15. Asxop H ero ceMba
aKXHBHO ynacxBOBaAH B 1 990-x rr. B SKcneAHnnax HSBecxnoro aMepHKancKOro sooAora Fapn FIoAnca (1946-2000) B cesepHOH nacxn Baxn, (Jiayna nyc-
posan. HaM HeHSBecxno, CAyqHAOCb AH 3x0, HO SCAB MH He snaeM noApo6nocxeii o »CH3HH KcaBepHa B ABCxpHH c 1914 no 1922 r. MMnepna Fa6c6yproB
naAas Hoa6pe 1918 r. KcasepHH yexaA H3 BeHbi B MeKCHKy B 1923 r. (3.33) H
sepnyAca xyAa 6oAee ABaAU,axH Aex cnycxa, 6e«aB c ceMben H3 BoArapHH,
BHAHMO, B 1944 r. (10.3). SnrMyHA <f>peug, OCHOBaxeAb ncnxoanaAHsa (1856 —
1939), npo»CHA B Bene 6oAbinyro nacxb CBoen «H3HH.
3.28. "goBoenHbiu. amAac JKecmKOKpuAbix" — jKecmKoxpbiAbie (oxpaA
Coleoptera) — Hayqnoe HasBanne TKJKOE, KpynHeHixien H nonyAapHeHuieH
cpeAH y^eHHx H KOAAeKu,HOHepoB rpynnbi naceKOMbix. "Hn OAHOMy sanaTHKD ne npeAasaAca a B KeM6pnA«e f\d.7K.e npH6AH3HxeAbHO c xaKOH orpOMHOH CXpaCXbK), HHHXO H6 AOCXaBAHAO MH6 XaKOFO yAOBOAbCTBHa, KaK KOA-
AeKn;HOHHpoBaHHe «yKOB" (HapAbs AapBHH). MHO^CBCXBO onpeAeAHxeAen H
axAacoB HaceKOMbix OHAO ony6AHKOBaHo B HanaAe 20 BeKa; B nacxnocxH, anaMeHHxaa KHHra F. F. ^KoScona ">KyKH POCCHH H SanaAHOH Esponbi" c nsexHHMH HAAIOCxpa^HaMH HSAasaAacB B 1 1 BbinycKax c 1905 no 1915 TOA. KcasePHH coSnpaA TKJKOB AAH esponeHCKHX Myaees B MeKCHKe (4. 10).
3.29 - 30. "c BOAbmcKoro UMBHUR goxogywe He UIBA c 15-ro roga". Peib HABX
o POAOBOM HMeHHH ceMbH Kcasepna B BOAHHCKOH rySepHHH. B Mae 1915 r.
aBcxpHHCKHe BOHCKa npopsaAH pyccKHH dppoHX B FaAHiiHH (FopAHii;KHH npoPHB); HanaAOCb oxcxynAenne pyccKOH apMHH H o6m;HH paarpOM pyccKoro
4>pOHxa, saKOHHHBniHHca ocxaBAenneM raAHu,HH, FIoAbuiH, AHTBH H KypAHHAHH. AeA asxopa, SAH (MAba) Oex (1888- 1977), POAOM H3 BOAHHH (POBHO),
CAy»;HA B 3x0 BpeMH nncapeM B pyccKOH apMHH H 6biA KOHxy^cen na Kapnaxax. BoAtiHb 6biAa BHOBL sanaxa pyccKHMH BOHCKaMH B XOAB BpycHAOBCKOro
npopesaB 1916r.
3.33. "UB 23-M, 32-XAem..." — KcasepHH yesacaex B HOBHH Csex B sospacxe 32 Aex; cxoAbKO TKB 6biAO asxopy B MOMBHX 3MHrpan;HH H3 CosexcKoro
Corosa B CLUA (napx 1988). KcaBepHH npoBOAHX B MeKCHKe 9 Aex (19231932); POBHO CXOABKO TK.B Aex nposeA asxop B SanaAHOM KonexAare (19781987; CM. KOMMenxapHH K SnHAory). OxiesA Kcasepna H3 AscxpHH MOXHBHpyexca B xeKcxe MaxepnaAbHbiMH coo6pa«eHHHMH, OAHaKO ne HCKAioHeHo,
HXO yace B na^aAe 20-x TOAOB COBexcKHe neKHCxbi B6AH sa HHM CAejKKy (CM.
8.9), Koxopan, KaK MH snaeM, npOAOASCHAacb H B MeKCHKe.
3.38. "nonaA Ha xapKuu noAyocmpos Eaxy" — Eaxa (ncn. Baja California,
HnjKHaa KaAndoopHna) — npOBHHUHaAbHaa o6Aacxb B MeKCHKe, sanHMaioni;aa nycxHHHHH KaAH(|)opHHHCKHH noAyocxpoB. HeKoxopoe speMH ynpaBAHAacb HesynxaMH H no cen ACHB necex CABAH HX npe6biBaHHa. AO 1768 r.,
KorAa HeayHXH SHAH HarnaHH H3 Bcex HcnaHCKHX BAaAeHHH, HanSoAee Ba»-
3.41 —42. "noMoraA omu,aM-ue3yumaM uccAegoBamb npupogy smux Mean"
- Mnorne snaMeHHXbie nesyHXH-MHCCHOHepbi 6biAH HaxypaAHCXaMH, OT
Xoce Ae AKOCXH ( 1 539 - 1 600) B KDacnoH AMepHKe AO Flbepa Tenapa Ae LUapAena (1881 - 1955) B Knxae. nepsan KHHra o ecxecxseHHOH HCXOPHH Baxn,
HanncaHHaa nesynxoM MnreAew ASAb BapKO (1706- 1790)16, npoAe*.aAa 200
ACT B apxHBax H 6biAa onySAHKOBana XOABKO B 1973 r. K CAOBy, B 1990— 1995
rr. asxopy AOBeAOCb npenoAasaxb SHOAornio B YmiBepCHxexe AOHOAH (HoBbiH OpAean, AynsHana), KoxopblH SHA ocHOBan nesynxaMH.
3.43-48. L&on Diguet (Aeon A«re) (1859-1925) - cppaniryscKHH HH>Kenep-XHMHK, HaxypaAHCX, reoAor, sxnorpacp, dpoxorpacp. PaBoxaA B ropnopyAHOH KOMnaHHH 6apOHa PoxuiHAbAa Boleo (CM. 7.8); HCCAeAOsaA HHJKHK>K>
KaAHdpopHHio H Apyrne nrraxbi MBKCHKHB 1893- 1913 rr." A^reyMep B FlapHJKe B 1925 r., nosxoMy ero Bcxpeia H Apy«6a c KcasepneM B nanaAe 1920x rr., CKOpee scero, HBAHIOXCH anaxpOHHSMOM. B TeneHne MHornx Aex A^re
nepecblAaA CBOH sooAorHHecKne H SoxaHHHecKne KOAAeKiiHH H3 MBKCHKH B
napnaccKHH Mysen ecxecxseHHOH ncxopHH (cp. 4.7- 12). ABxopy AOBeAOCb
HCCAeAOBaxb BHA cKopnHOHa H3 BaxH, snepBbie coSpaHHbiH AeoHOM AHre H
xpaHHDj;HHca B Flapn^e 1S. " Cneu,uaAucm no KaKmycau Conopbi" - HMeexcn
B BHAy nocMepxnaa MOHorpadpna A^re o MeKCHKaHCKHX KaKxycax (1928) 19.
CoHopa - necnaHO-KaMeHHCxaa nycxbina, saHHMaroinaa ^acxb KaAH(J)opHHHCKoro noAyocxpoBa, a xaKJKe MaxepHKOBbie oSAacxn sanaAa MBKCHKH (uixax
CoHopa) Hroro-sanaAaCIIJA (Hacxb inxaxos ApHsona H KaAncpopHna) .
4.10. "7K.jK.on, mucfnev.07K.ev. u Megys" — pasnooCpasHbiH naSop rpynn
jKHBOXHbix, ynoManyxbix 3Aecb, noAnepKHBaex mnpoxy nnxepecoB KcasepHH
H ero KOppecnoHAenxoB B Myseax: OH nsyqaex H naseMHyK) cpayny, H MopcKHX «HBOXHHX. O TKyKax (Coleoptera), CM. 3.28. TbicmenoxKU, HAH ABynapHOHorne, HasbisaeMbie xaK^ce KHBCHKaMH (KAacc Diplopoda) — oSbinnaa, HO
MaAonayqeHHaa rpynna HAeHHCxoHornx-MHoroHO^eK 20 . Megysbi — o6rnee
HassaHHe nAaBaiomnx cxaAHH KHineHHonoAOCXHbix (cxpeKaromHx) 6ecnoaBOHOHHLIX (xnn Coelenterata, HAH Cnidaria); Heo6braHbie BHAH MeAys H noHbme oSnapyjKHBaioxcH y Qeperos KaAHtpopHHHCKoro noAyocxpoBa21. 3M6pHOAOrHKD M6Ay3 HSVHaA M6XOBCKHH (f)OH KopeH (CM.
2.3).
4.12. "s Aongon u UapuTK, EepAUH u Upary" — Hasbisaroxca Mecxonaxo*Aenna KpynHeHuiHx ecxecxseHHOHCxopHHecKHX Mysees EBponbi: British
310
Museum (Natural History) B AOHAOHG, Museum national d'Histoire naturelle B
FlapnjKe, Museum fur N a t u r k u n d e der Humboldt-Universitat B EepAnne H
Narodny muzeum B Flpare. YcxpoftcxBO H noAAep^RKa TdKHX Mysees xpeSoBaAH orpoMHbix cpeACTB, B Espone 18— 19 BGKOB ^acTO BbiAeAasiUHXCH npaBflmeft apHCTOKpaTHefi. Hn^ce (6.3) ynoMHHaexca Myseft B CodpHH, ocHosaHHHH B 1889 r. KHflseM OepAHHaHAOM (CM. 2.18). HecoMHeHHO, KcasepHH HMBA
KOHTaKT xaioKe c saMenaxeAbHbiM Naturhistorisches Museum B Bene, OCHOBaHHblM B TOM 2K6 1889 T. OpaHIjeM-MoCHCpOM I (CM. 2.33). ABTOp HM6A BO3-
MOJKHOcxb pa6oxaxb xaM B 1999 H 2005 IT., 3a HXO OH HCKpenne SAaroAapen
coxpyAHHKaM OxAeAeHHH sooAorHH 6ecno3BOHOHHbix KDpreny Fpy6epy H
Bepene LLJxarAb. FlepecbiAica ecxecxBeHHonayqHHX KOAAeKiiHH, co6paHHbix
B 3K30THqecKHX Kpaax B esponeHCKHe Mysen — cxaHAapxHoe aannxne HaxypaAHCxoB-nyxeuiecxBeHHHKOB B nocAeAHHe 200 Aex; asxop saHHMaexca SXHM
c 70-x roAOB 20
4 . 2 1 — 2 2 . "puMCKue pa3Mbimue goporu ... gynaucKue cAenue pyKasa" —
rpaHnu,a PHMCKOH HMnepnn 6biAa AOBeAena AO Aynaa B i^apcxsoBaHHe HMnepaxopa TnSepua (9 r. H.3.). SnaMeHHxaH cext MonjeHbix Aopor, cosAannbix
pHMAHHdMH, HCHOAbSOBaAaCb COXHH A6X HOCA6 naACHHH PHMa. B AaHHOM CAy-
nae HMeexca B BHAy, cKopee scero, Via Pontica, npoxoAHBinaa nepea OpaKHK> BAOAb Hepnoro MOPH H coeAHHHBiiiafl KoHcxaHxuHonoAb c xeppnxopneii cospeMeHHoft PyMHHHH B ycxbe AynaH (/\o6pyAacar CM. 4.46).
4.25-26. SudpuK Ulmpang (Embrik Strand) (1876-1947) - BHAHHH nopBe^cKHH aooAor, apaxHOAor; c 1907 paSoxaA B Museum fiir Naturkunde (BepAHH), c 1923 r. npocpeccop AaxBHHCKoro yHHsepcnxexa B Pnre; H3AaxeAb HaacypnaAOB H asxop coxen nay^Hbix pa6ox. BnponeM, K noxsaAaM ero
oxHOCHXbCH AocxaxoHHo upoHHHecKH: cner(HaAHCTaM nsBecxno,
6biA SoAbniHM nyxanHKOM 22 .
4.38. "nogsogHbix msapeu KamoAor nogpodnbiu." - cocxaBAemie
ros »CHBHX oprannsMOB — xpaAnu;HOHHoe saHHXHe HaxypaAHCxoB-cncxeMaTHKOB. B OXAHHH6 OX HaMHOrO 6OA6e HOApoSHblX MOHOrpacJ)HHeCKHX HCCA6-
AosaHHH ("cpayHH" HAH "cpAopbi"), KaxaAor He BKAronaex onncaHHH H HAAIOcxpau;HH, a xoAbKo Aaex nepenenb HasBanHH H AHxepaxypHbie HCXOHHHKH. Ten
ne Menee, cocxaBAeHHe xaKHX noAHbix CHHCKOB HCKAio^HxeAbHo CAOSCHO.
XOXH dpayna Hepnoro Mopa SHannxeAbHO o6eAHena no cpaBHennio co CpeAHseMHbiM 8 9, noApoSHbiH KaxaAor Bcex nepnoMOpcKHX cymecxs H nomine
ne cocxaBAen; HX HHCAO MOJKex Aocxnraxb necKOAbKHX TBICHH (AO 600 BHAOB
OAHHX XOALKO OAHOKAexo^Hbix
anaapooHbix (He
B
KHCAopOAe) 6aKxepHH.
4.46. "B AUManax AodpygiKU." — XOXH B pyccKOH xpaAHi(HH yAapenne cxaBHTCH na BxopOH CAor (AoOpYA^Ka) , KcasepHH xopomo 3HaA sxox TOHOHHM B
SoArapcKOM npoHSHOinenHH, AO6pyA»a. HcxopHnecKaa o6Aacxb AoSpyA^a
B AeAbTe Aynaa — npeAMex MHoroseKOBbix xeppHxopHaAbHbix cnopos PyMHHHH H BoArapHH. KcasepHH B KDHOCXH nsynaA cpayny xaMoinnnx AHManoB
H cxapnii AYHaa; C P' 4.22, "gynaucKue cAenue pyxaBa"; 4.42, "BCCB rpys, wno
Aynau. u BUCACI" .
4.46. " B ACtrynax Eaxu" , CM. xaicsce 7.11 - 12 - 6eperoBbie MeAKOBOAbH (AHMaHH, AaryHbi) H HX 6oraxaH (payna BcerAa npHBAeKaAH K ce6e BKHManne ne
XOABKO KcasepHH, HO H asxopa, KorAa nocAeAHHH lOHbiM HaxypaAHCxoM nocemaA 6epera ^epnoro H AsoscKoro Mopen ( 1 963 - 1 974) , pasno KaK H MHOro Aex cnycxa B SKcneAHUHHX B Baxe (1991 - 1994). OxnexHM, HXO HM6HHO B
Aarynax Eaxu (HHJKHen KaAHcbopHHH) , B xaK HasbisaeMbix MHRpoSnaAbKbix
Maxax, oTKptiTbi Ba^KHbie BHAH CBo6oAHO»CHBymHx GaKxepHH-cnHpoxex, nrparoiuHX ^eHxpaAbHoe snaneHHe B coepeMenHbix xeopnax npOHCxoscASHHH
KAexoK SCHBOXHHX H pacxeHHH 23 . TaKHe MHKpoopraHH3Mbi onpeAeAHiOT 06IHHH BHA H MHoroiiBexHyio OKpacKy HAa (CM. 7.11, "necmpbiu UA"). KcasepHH,
noAbsyacb CBOHM nyAecnbiM A&POM, MOF na6AK)Aaxb H AOKyMeHXHposaxb xe
jKe opraHHSMbi H ^po^eccbI eme B 1920-x
5.26-27. "roAydoe aepKOAO saAiiBa - HMeexca B BHAy
saAHB (nasbiBaeMbiH B MeKCHKe "Mope Kopxeca"), oxAeAHiomnH Baxy OT MaxepHKa. MaaamAdH (Mazatlan), ropOA na BDro-sanaAHOM no6epe»be MaxepnKOBOH MBKCHKH (uixax CnHaAoa), coeAHHeHHbiH AHHH6H napona c ropOAOM
Aa-Ilas B HnjKHeH KaAHdoopHHH (CM. 6.32, 8.10); B Hanin AHH MeKCHKH.
6.2 — 3. "Myseu ecmecm.BeHH.ou ucmopuu B Coipuu" — ocHOBan B 1889 r.
KHH36M OepAHHaHAOM (CM. 2.18); cxapeHuiHH H KpynneHniHH Mysen xaKoro
poAa na BaAKanax. Asxop SAaroAapen AnpeKi^HH (ilexap Bepon, AABKCH nonos) H coxpyAHHKaM MyseH sa saMeHaxeAbHyro BO3Mo«HOCxb padoxH xaM B
1 999 H 2005
313
312
6.6. "y HUHU u Ceinena FogyHOBbix" — HecoMCHHO, SXH ApysbH KcasepHH,
xpaHHBinne ero apxHBH B BoArapHH, 6biAH SMHrpanxaMH, Se^KeHi^aMH HS CoBexcKOH POCCHH. Pe^b HA6X o 20-x roAax, KorAa pyccKaa 3MHrpau,HH B BoArapHH cocxaBAHAa 30 — 40 xtican neAoseK, H3 HHX noAOBHHa — coAAaxbi H ocbHn;epbi PyccKOH apMHH noA KOManAOBaHHeM n. H. BpaHreAH ( 1 878 — 1 928) . AQIIb
FoAynoBbix EAena CeneHOBHa pOAHAacb B 1914 HAH 1915 r. (eft 6biAO 18 HAH
19 Aexnpn scxpene c KcaBepneM B 1932 r., cp. 3.33, 6.12 H 7.19); ee oxen, no
Bospacxy Mor 6bixb apMencKHM ot|)HL(epOM. OaMHAHH FoAynoBbix nanoMHnaex He xoAbKo o pyccKOM u;ape Bopnce FoAynoBe, HO, KOHenno, H o repoax
naSoKOBCKoro poMana "Aap" (1938) — nosxe OeAOpe H ero oxri;e, SHXOMOAO-
4.39 — 40. " anaspodHbiu, SBKCUHCKUX sag xoAogHbiu goHHbiu CAOU." — HepHoe Mope (EIoHx SBKCHHCKHH), (bayHa H (J)AOpa Koxoporo nsyqaAHCb KcasePHBM B KDHOCXH KaK y poccuHCKHX (2.3), xaK H y OoArapcKHX (2.14-22) 6epeTOB, oSAaAaex yHHKaAbHOH oco6eHHOcxbio: ero rAySHHHtie CAOH (ox 150 AO
200 M) HacmneHbi ceposoAOpOAOM, H noAHOcxbro 6e3»H3HeHHbi, sa HCKAIO-
re KoHcxaHTHHe FoAyHOBbix-HepABiHo,eBblX.
6.7 H 6.28. "y Mocma co ALBOMU", "na
(pone AbBUHom Mocma" — "A^BOBMOCT",
ndMHTHHK apXHTCKTypbl B CO(pHH, H6Aa-
A6KO OT L(empaAbHoro BOK3aAa, nocxpoen B 1889— 1891 rr. r yKpamen qexbipbMH
6pOH3OBHMH AbBaMH (CM. CpOTO).
6.17 H 6.24. "KM." - 3Ta noAnncb KcasepHH Ha ero pncyHKax B BHAe HHHiiHaAOB, KaK saseAeno y xyAOJKHHKOB, BBISHsaeT B naMHTH TaKJKe nceBAOHHM "K.P.",
BOA KOTOpbiM ny6AHKOBaA CBOIO EOSSHIO
B6AHKHH KHHSb KOHCT3HTHH KOHCTaHTH-
HOBHI PonaHOB (1858-1915).
6.23. "KCIK repon nyuiKUHCKUX nosm" P.OM rodynoebix
poapaHHbiH naneK Ha pOManTHHecKHx
repoes "LJbiraH", "KasKascKoro nAemmKa", a BOSMOJKHO H na EsrenHH OnerHHa. HaxypaAHCTH^ecKHe nyremecTBHH MepBCKOro BHeinne conexaiOT xpaAHUHOHHbie MOTHBH AHTepaxypHbix CTpaHCTBHH H T6My pyccKOH AHacnopbi.
TpaAHn.HOHHbiH KyAbT A. C. riyuiKHHa noAAepJKHBaACH B pyccKOH SMHrpaEIHH; ero ASHB po?KAeHHH npasAHOBaACH BO MHOFHX CTpanax KBK "AeHB pycCKOH KyAKrypbi" e:aceroAHO HanHHaa c 1925 r. (KorAa EAene FoAyHOBOH 6 HAD
10 HAH 11 A6T).
6.32. Aa-JHas (La Paz) — ropOA na roro-BocroHHOM no6epe«be KaAHCpopHHHCKoro noAyocrpOBa ("Baxn") (CM. 8.10). riapOMHaa AHHHH coeAHHHeT AaFlas c r. MasaTAan na MaTepnKe (uiTaT CHHaAoa) (CM. 5.27).
THM, HHKorAa ne 6biBaA panee (CM. 3.5 — 6). HensBecTHO, no KaKHM ceKpeTHHM TropbMaM OH npomeA AO 1937 r., KorAaMbinaxoAHM ero B "ogeccK.ou.ogu(CM. 9.1), na oepery noncTHHe " ana3po6Hbix SBKCUHCKUX sag" (4.39).
8.1—6. HCTOPHH noxHmeHHH KcasepHH areHTaMH OFFiy BO OpaHH,HH B
HoaSpe HAH nanaAe ASKa6pa 1932 r. (cp. 7.19) nanoMHHaeT noxnm;eHHfl B
Flapn^e renepaAOB A. FI. KyrenoBa (1882-1930) B 1930 r. H E. K. MnAAepa
(1867- 1939) B 1937 r., nocAeBoeHHbie noxHmeHHH SMHrpaHTOB, H T. A." ' 2 4 B
KcasepHH, OAHaKO, areHTH npecAeAyrox ero ne no noAHTH^ecKHM
, HO B noroHe sa "noy-xay" ero qyAecnoro HCHOBHASHHS B npocTpanCTBB, a c 19 14 r HBO BpeMeHH. SAecbMoscnoBcnoMHHTbHAereHAbi o BoAbiJie
MeccHHre, H aTOMHbin mnHonasc, a B 1920-30-e FOAH - OKKyAbTHbie AeAa
A. B. Bap^eHKO (1881 - 1938) 25.
8.9- 10, "UM HU K leMymenepb goae o KHRSB om gemcKux Aem go maunum
B Aa-Uase.. . " — MeKCHKancKHe 3HH3OAbi SCHSHH KcaBepua naBOAHT na MbicAb
o TOM, qTO areHTH OFFIY GHAH aKTHBHbi B MeKCHKe y»e B KOH^e 1920-x roAOB. Y«e B 1919 r. B MeKCHKe HOHBHACH SMHCcap SoAbiuesHKOB MnxanA BoPOAHH (FpyseHOepr); B 1926 r. AAeKcanApa KoAAOHTan CTaAa nepBbiM coseTCKHM noAnpeAOM B npo6oAbnieBHCTCKH opneHTHpOBaHHOH MeKCHKe. Xopomo HSsecTHa AaAbHefimafl AeflTeAbHOCTb HKBA no OXOTB Ha TpouKpro, nepeexaBinero B MeKCHKy B 1936 r. (y6HT B 1940). "om gemcKux Aem" - naM
H6H3BeCTHO, KOFAa H K3K HyA6CHbie CnOCO6HOCTH KcasepHH npHBABKAH BHHM3HHe H6KHCTOB, HO H6 HCKAHDHeHO, HTO CAB^CKa 3a HHM BBAaCb eilje B ABCT-
PHHB 1920- 1922 IT.
9.9. " B 42-M rogy OH BbixiiA vygoM" - pyMHHCKHe BOHCKa s
OKTHQpe 1941 r,, H KcaBepnn 6biA ocBoSo^Aen HS TiopbMbi HKBA
SHAD H TO, HTO OH ne 6biA paccTpeAHH qeKHCTaMH npn 3BaKyan;HH coseTCKHx
ynpe^AeHHH) . KaK PyMHHHH, TdK H BoArapHH SHAH coIO3HH^aMH rnTAepOBCKOH FepMaHHH, H ne HCKAioHeHO, HTO KcasepHH CMOF nonacTb B BoArapnio B
CBH3H C ero 6AH3KHM SHaKOMCTBOM C 6OArapCKOH I^apCTByK)II];eH CeMbGH. B
7.8. Canma-PosoAUR (Santa Rosalia) - ropOAOK na BOCTOHHOM no6epe»be
BaxH, ocHOBan B 1884 r. cppaHnyscKoft KOMaHHen Boleo AAH Ao6biHH MBAH
(CM. 3.43).
1942 r. 6biA em,e JKHB ^apb Bopnc III (1894- 1943), CHH OepAHHaHAa, KOTOpblH, AOA3CHO SblTb, 6AH3KO 3HaA KcaBepHH C KDHOCTH.
10.30. " 3AeKmpoM.arHum.HaR BOUHO." — cepna KaTacTpodp c
HOBoro THna opy«HH, BbisBasmaH KOAAanc i(HBHAH3aii,HH na SeMAe,
c2016roAa.
7.22, "gecfimb decKOHennbix Aem" — 1932—1941, CM. TaK«e 9.10. KcasepHHnpOB6A9AeT(cAeKa6pfl 1932nooKTa6pb 1941) BsacTeHKaxOFnY-HKBA.
HecoMeHHo, OH SHA cna^aAa AOCTaBAen AAH Aonpocos B MocKBy, TAB, OTMB-
10.5- 10. Augueu (HMH nepsoH Aonepn KcasepHfl), CKOpee scero,
repofl. Ero TpeTbH AO^b, KoHCTaH^HH, QbiAa nasBana B necTb oTi^a Kca, a 6AH3Hen,bi CeMen H Hnna - B necTb poAHTeAen EABHH
Bopnc H FAe6 (B ^ecTb nepsbix pyccKHX CBHTHX MyqeHHKOB),
6AH3He^aM, POAHBUIHMCH B 1956 r., B03MOSCHO, CBHsanbi c senrepcKHM BOCeM. CpeAH HMen ASTBH repoa MO«HO nanTH HMena Asyx ASTBH asTOpa
H CeMen).
7.20. "yiagbauefli"_(Lafayette) - cJ)paH^y3CKHH TpancaTAaHTHHecKHH AaftHep (Compagnie GQn^rale Transatlantique), KypCHposaBiuHH no Mapmpyry
Fasp - Hbio-HopK c 1930 no 1938 r.
7.1 1 — 12. "necmpuu UA... coAOHOBamueAaryim" — OKpacKaHAaBAaryHaxBaxH
BbisBana MHKpoopraHHSMaMH, KOTOpue KcasepHH nsyqaA c KDHOCTH (CM. 4.26).
315
314
10.35. "nywa, ucKOpenuBwafi noamoB1' — AK>6onbiTHoe yitasaHHe na BOSMOJKHOCXB cymecTBoeaHHa HHcpeiuiHOHHOH 6OA63HH, H36HpaxeABHO nopajKatomeii (ropMonaABHbie?) Lr,eHxpbi nosxHMecKOro
10.40. " Munepuu HeSecHoil" — CKopee Bcero, 3x0 BceMHpuoe rocyAapcTBo
nanaAa 23 seKa ne xo;>KAecxBeHHO coBpeMeHHOMy Knxaio (cTapHHHoe HassaHHG Koxoporo name nepeBOAHXCH "noAHeGecnaa HMnepHH 1 ' HAH "CpeAHHHoe
"
10.45 — 47. "gaABKue, HoaepHbienomoMKUBocbMu gemeil..." — B coBpeivreHHOM paccKasiHKy MHpe Kacxon yneHBix HBAHIOXCH XOABKO noxoMKH KcasepH3 C EA6HOH. MX, B03MOJKHO, OCXaAOCb HeMHOFO (CM. FIpOAOr: "U B nOMHmb
mex, Kmo 6biA morga co MHOK>"). Hepes 10 noKOAennH OHH nponecAH reHexnH6CKH6 3A6M6HXBI "rAyGHHHOFO 3p6HHH" B IlpOCXpaHCTBe-BpeMeHH, HCHOBHA-
necKOH naMHXH, nosBOAHBiiiHe HM MHeMOHHHecKH coxpanHXB nayqHBie snaHHH B nepnoA Kaxacxpocp 21 seKa (10.30 — 40) H nepeAaxB HX nsycxHO 6yAyIHHM noKOAeHHflM (CM. SnHAor, "go HOC gouieA Auuib ycmnbiu nepecKas mex
3HO.HUU, nmo sanoMUHOAii gemu KcasepuR c EABHOIO").
B AaSopaxopHH paccKas^HKa sanoBo OXKPBIXO ycTpoHcxso renoB HCHOBHA6HHH (CM. 2.61 -64). TenepB nepeA Kacxoii HOXOMKOB KcasepHH CXOHX saAaHa COXpaHHTb CBOK) LIHBHAHSaqHIO B yCAOBHSX HOBOH H6CXa6HABHOCXH r yr-
, cymecxBosaHHio pasyMa na nAanexe, a BOSMO^CHO, H caMOH npn-
t,cxB6HHOH peaABHOCTH (CM. 3nHAor, "y?Ke HenpegcKasyeMbi npeg• u CAegcmBUH neonpegeAeHbi").
3nuAor. "groin FogynoBbix^uB, u Mocm, u AbBbi", CM. 6.7 H CJDOXO.
"apxuBbi HdBcerga norpedenbi B pasBOAunax MOCKBU" — penb, oqeBHAHO,
HACX 06 apxHsax MepBCKoro, BBisesenHbix HKB/\3 AOMa FoAynoBbix B CoC|)HH nocAe sanaxHH ropOAa COBGXCKHMH BOHCK3MH B ceHxa6pe 1944 r., noAo6no xoMy Kax SHAH BHBeseHH FIpaxccKHH apxHB pyccKOH 3MHrpat(HH HAH
(poHABi AaSopaxopHH THMotpeesa-PecoBCKoro B BepAHH-Byxe. BepoaiHo,
ciOAa OXHOCHAHCB H pyKonHCH, o6napy«eHHbie arenxaMH OFFiy B xaHHHKe
MepBCKoro B Aa-FIase (CM. 8.10). Cp. noxmijeHHe apXHBa xpouKHCxos (riapH«, 1936). B xeKcxe ne yxo^HHexca, B KaKOM HMGHHO KaraKAHSMe 21 seKa
norn6Aa MocKBa, HO "rpasHBiii CAOH BeKOBoro ABAa" MO^CCT yKasbisaxb na
"BoAbmyio 3HMy" (10.33).
"BymeAbHxSanagHoroKonemgara" — aBxopcceMBeHnpo>KHA9Aex(1978 —
1987) B AiiAepe, OAHOM H3 KpynneHiuHX ymeAHH SanaAHoro KonexAara (TypKMfHwrTatr), pa6oxafl HaxypaAHCxoM B CioHx-XacapAarcKOM aanoBeAHHKe 26.
1 MepexHoecKuu, K.C. (1909). Teopmi flsyx nflaaM KBK OCHOBH cnM6noreHe3nca, HOBOTO
yneHMfl o nponcxowfleHMM opraHnswoB. Kasanb: Tun. 1/lwnep. yn-ma.
2 Sapp, J., Carrapiso, P., Zoiotonosov, M. (2002) Symbiogenesis: the hidden face ofConstantin
Merezhkowsky. History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 24: 413-440.
3Driscoli, C.A., Yamaguchi, N., Bar-Gal, G.K., Roca, A.L., Luo, S., et al. (2009) Mitochondria!
phyiogeography illuminates the origin of the extinct Caspian tiger and its relationship to the
Amurtiger. PLoS ONE 4(1): e4125.
4 CM., nanp.: BufibKeeuy, C. (1918) KofuieKU,ufl 3aKacnuucnozo Myiett. MjieKonumaioinue
(Mammalia). l/lseecTHfl BaKacnHMCKoro nyaea, Acxa6ad, 1: 1-12.
sCmapo6ozamoe, fl.M., Bacu/iem<o, C.B. (1979) KcucmeMamuxe npecnoeodHbix KpaSoe ceMeucmBa Potamidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) CpeduseMHOMOpbx u flepedneu A3uu.
3oo/iornHecKMM >KypHa/i 58(12): 1790-1801.
6$OKUH, C.M. ('2006) PyccKkie yneHbie B Heano^e. M.: A^erekifl.
'VcnencKafi, H.B. (2002). "flpupoda" u MocKoecKuuyHUBepcumem: nymeaiecmsue so epeM6HU. flpupofla 1: 5-11.
8 FofiyGoBCKUu, M.fl. (2000) BeK reHerMKn: BBO^iounfl MflePi n noHflTMM. CH6: Eopeu Apm.
9 Birstein, V.J. (2001) The Perversion of Knowledge: The True Story of Soviet Science.
Westview Press.
10 Die botanische Ausbeute von den Reisen ihrer Hoheiten der Prinzen von Sachsen-CoburgGotha. I. Reise der Prinzen Philipp und August vom die Welt (1872-1873) . II. Reise der
Prinzen August und Ferdinand nach Brasilien (1879). Vienna (1883-88).
" Golemansky, V. (2007) Biodiversity and ecology of the Bulgarian Black Sea invertebrates.
In: Fet, V. & Popov, A. (eds). Biogeography and Ecology of Bulgaria. Springer, pp. 537-554. id., Testate amoebas and monothalamousforaminifera (Protozoa) from the Bulgarian Black
Sea Coast. Ibid., pp. 555-570.
"Stefanov, T. (2007) Fauna and distribution of fishes in Bulgaria. Ibid., pp. 109-140.
"Koso-HojJUHCKUu, B.M. (1924) HoBbiti npnHU,nn 6no.norMM. OnepKTeopnn CMM6noreHe3a.
M.-J1.: nyvuHa. AHZJI. nepeeod: Kozo-Polyansky, B.M. (2010, in press). Symbiogenesis: A New
Principle of Evolution. Translated from Russian by V. Fet. Ed. Fet, V. & Margulis, L. Cambridge,
Mass.: Harvard University Press.
" PycKa, 3. (1988) Paseumue BjieKmpoHHOSO MUxpocKona u 3fiet<mpOHHOU MUKpocKonuu:
Ho6ejieecKaH fieKU,un. Ycnexn cj)M3. nayK 154(2): 1-17.
"CM., nanp.: Huey, L.M. (1925) Two new kangaroo rats of the genus Bipodomys/rom Lower
California. Proc. Bioi. Soc. Wash. 38: 83-84; Wiggins, I.L (1963) Botanical investigations in
Baja California, Mexico. Plant Bull. 9: 1-6.
16 Barco, M. del (1973) Historia natural y crpnica de la Antigua California. Mexico: Univ.
Autonoma de Mexico.
"Darling, 3.A. (2000) Diguet's studies of West Mexico. Journal of the Southwest 42(1):
181-186.
18Soleglad M.E., Lowe, G. & Fet, V. (2007) Systematic observations on the scorpion genus
Syntropis, with description of two new species (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae). Boletn'n de la Sodedad
Entomologica Aragonesa40: 119-136.
19Diguet,
L (1928) Les Cactacfies utiles du Mexico. Ouvrage posthume revu par Andre
n, R.'L (1999) Checklist of the millipeds of North and Middle America.
317
316
Virginia Museum of Natural History Special Publication 8:1-584.
" CM., nanp.: Martin, J.W., Gershwin, L.-A., Burnett, J.W., Cargo, D.G., Bloom, D.A. (1997)
Chrysaora achlyos, a remarkable new species of Scyphozoan from the Eastern Pacific. Bioi.
Bud 193:8-13.
22 Fet, V. (2008) Hersiliola brachyplura Strand, 1913 belongs to Oecobius (Araneae:
Oecobiidae). Zootaxa 1849: 67.
" CM., Hanp.: Margulis, L, Ashen, J.B., So IS, M., Guerrero, R. (1993) Composite, large
spirochetes from microbial mats: Spirochete structure review. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 90:
6966-6970.
"Andrew, C. & Mitrokhin, V. (1999) The Sword and the Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and
the Secret History of the KGB. Basic Books.
Z5AHdpeee,A. M. (2002). BpeMfl LUaM6a/ibi: OKKy/ibiMsw, HayKa M no^MTMKa B coeeTCKoti
POCCMM. Cfl6.: Heea, M.: OfiMO-llpecc. - flepeyuiuH, A. M. (2004). OKKy/ibTHbie BOMHbi HKBfl M
CC. M.-.Hysa.
26 nodpoSnee o SanadnoM Konemdase, KQK u o npupode TypHMemicmaHa e LIBJIOM, CM.: Fet V.
& Atamuradov, K.I. (eds) (1994) Biogeography and Ecology of Turkmenistan. DordrechtBoston: Kluwer Academic.
2010,
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