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Bagpipe Reader Help
Bagpipe Reader Help Bagpipe Reader Help Inhalt Contents Overview Introduction Contact Information Software License Product Version Trademarks Acknowledgments Features Page Layout and Printing Screen Layout Play Options Other Features Minimum System Requirements How to.. Installation Installing Real Bagpipe Sounds Uninstall Starting the Program Opening a Sample Tune Navigating Around the Music Window Printing Playing More Playing Options Playing Using Real Bagpipe Sounds Writing Your First Tune Understanding the Codes The Naming Conventions Staff Formatting Symbols Time Signatures Accidentals Melody Notes Rests Site 1 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help Dots Fermatas Grace Notes and Embellishments Ties – New Format Ties – Old Format Irregular Groups Runs of 3 (Triplets) - Old Format Time Lines Piobaireachd The Naming Conventions Cadences Abbreviations Throws Grips Echo Beat Grace notes Miscellaneous Movements Leumluaths Taorluaths Triplings Crunluaths Singling and Doubling Timelines The Bis Timeline Fine and Da Capo al Fine Coda, Da Capo al Coda, and Coda Section What if I can't find the symbol I need? Screen Elements / Menus Screen Elements / Menus The Main Screen File Menu Edit Menu Configure Menu View Menu Player Menu Window Menu Help Menu Formatting the Page Formatting the Page Site 2 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help The Page Setup Screen Placing & Formatting Text Placing & Formating Text The Set Font Screen Adjusting Playing Options Adjusting Playing Options The Play Options Screen Special Features Special Features Working on More Than One Tune at a Time Printing More Than One Tune on a Page(s) Object Linking and Embedding Time Signature Changes in a Tune Tempo Changes in a Tune Singling and Doubling Tempo Changes Using Bagpipe Reader Responsibly Introduction B agpipe Reader is a Microsoft® Windows program for engraving music for the Great Highland Bagpipe. It comes in two versions: a 32 bit version for Windows 95, 98, 2000, Windows NT 3.5x, and 4.x; and a 16 bit version for Windows 3.1x. Contact Information 1996-1999 Doug Wickstrom Suite 1202, 1770 Barclay St. Vancouver, B.C., Canada, V6G 1K5 Phone 1-604-608-0757 Email mailto:[email protected] World Wide Web http://home.istar.ca/~dougwick/ Site 3 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help Software License This is a legal agreement between you, the end user, and Doug Wickstrom. By installing this software, you are agreeing to be bound by the terms of this agreement. If you do not agree to the terms of this agreement, promptly return the disk package and the accompanying items (including written materials and binders or other containers) to the place you obtained them for a full refund. 1.GRANT OF LICENSE. Doug Wickstrom grants to you the right to use one copy of the enclosed Bagpipe Reader software program (the "SOFTWARE") on a single terminal connected to a single computer. You may not network the SOFTWARE or otherwise use it on more than one computer or computer terminal at the same time. 2.COPYRIGHT. The SOFTWARE is owned by Doug Wickstrom and is protected by Canadian copyright laws and international treaty provisions. Therefore, you must treat the SOFTWARE like any other copyrighted material (e.g., a book or musical recording) except that you may either a) make one copy of the SOFTWARE solely for backup or archival purposes, or b) transfer the SOFTWARE to a single hard disk provided you keep the original solely for backup or archival purposes. You may not copy the written materials accompanying the software. 3.OTHER RESTRICTIONS. You may not rent or lease the SOFTWARE, but you may transfer the SOFTWARE and accompanying written materials on a permanent basis provided you retain no copies and the recipient agrees to the terms of this Agreement. You may not reverse engineer, decompile, or disassemble the SOFTWARE. If SOFTWARE is an update, any transfer must include the update and all prior versions. Product Version Version 1.00 Jan. 29, 2000 Trademarks Bagpipe Reader is a trademark of Doug Wickstrom. Other trademarks are property of their respective companies. Acknowledgments Software created by Doug Wickstrom with features designed by Doug Wickstrom. Music symbol fonts and help file were created by Doug Wickstrom. (including abbreviations) on a Windows compatible printer. Site 4 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help Can include any of the following text items with the music: tune title, tune type, composer/arranger, footer (for page numbers), in-line text, text at a fixed location, and comments. Prints in portrait or landscape on any paper size supported by a Windows printer driver. Allows top, bottom, left and right margin settings. Allows each text item to be formatted with font, font style, font size, color, underline, strikeout, and alignment (left, right, centered or absolute location). Scales music horizontally and/or vertically on the page. Allows music to be printed on multiple pages or fit to one page. Bars can be vertically or not vertically aligned. Aspect ratio and size of music symbols and symbol spacings can be adjusted. Screen Layout Split screen with music codes in bottom window and displayed music in the top window. Bar separating the windows can be adjusted vertically. Zoom level on music window can be adjusted (10-200%). Supports Multiple Document Interface (i.e. can open several tunes at the same time) Icons for new tune, open existing tune, save tune in current window, print music, preview music, refresh music. Play Options Can play light music (including flats, naturals, and sharps) and piobaireachd (including abbreviations) on sound card or PC's internal speaker. Sound card output includes sounds and independent volume controls for chanter, tenor drone, and bass drone. Duration of drone introduction (in milliseconds) can be set. VCR style controls (Play, Stop/Pause, Rewind, Continuous Play) for music play. Can select a portion of the music to play either once or multiple times. Can enable or disable a Moving Music Pointer that shows the current note or Site 5 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help embellishment being played. Can set absolute tempo (in beats per minute) and grace note duration (in milliseconds) for the tune. Fine control over duration's for 12 different grace note types. "Smooth Playing Factor" adjustment for reducing the abruptness of melody notes following complex embellishments. Tempo and time signature changes can be inserted anywhere in the tune. Can select the MIDI device and MIDI instrument for playing the music. Real bagpipe chanter and drones sounds available (requires a Creative Labs AWE32, AWE64, Sound Blaster LIVE! sound card). MIDI notes can be set for each note from Low G to High A (including flats, naturals, and sharps) and for tenor and bass drones. MIDI note test mode available. PC speaker frequencies can be set for each note from Low G to High A (including flats, naturals and sharps). Frequency test mode available. Repeat symbols and multiple endings (i.e. 1st Time, 2nd Time, etc.) correctly interpreted. Standard music symbols (segno, dal segno, fine, and da capo al fine) available for denoting and playing piobaireachd singling and doubling variations and for returning to and playing the first line of the ground. Music can be saved to a MIDI format file. Three MIDI note & Frequency configurations for sound output (Low A at B flat, Low A at A natural, or User Defined). Other Features Bagpipe Reader is OLE compliant. Music can be placed into other Windows applications by linking or embedding a BWW extension file. Music can be saved to image files in BMP or PCX file formats. Resolution is adjustable. Users can create new symbols (requires a font editor). Long file names for tune code files (only with 32 bit version). Tune code files are ASCII based. Site 6 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help Minimum System Requirements 32 bit version: Microsoft Windows 95, 98, NT 3.51, or 4.0, 486-33MHz or faster processor, 8MB RAM, 5MB free disk space, VGA or higher resolution display card, Microsoft compatible mouse. Sound card recommended. (Note: Windows NT requires greater hardware resources). 16 bit version: Microsoft Windows 3.1x , 486-33MHz or faster processor, 8MB RAM, 5MB free disk space, VGA or higher resolution display card, Microsoft compatible mouse. Sound card recommended. Installation Before opening the diskette package, read the Software License at the front of this manual. If you agree to the License, continue otherwise return the product to the place of purchase for a full refund. Turn on your computer and start Windows. Close all application programs that are currently running. For Windows 3.1x or Windows NT 3.5x ensure that Program Manager is running. Open the diskette package and insert the 3.5" 1.44Mb diskette into the floppy drive. The following steps assume that A: is the floppy drive. Replace A: with B: if it is the floppy drive. For Windows 95, 98 and NT 4.x, click on Start, Run then type in a:\setup then click OK. For Windows 3.1x or NT 3.5x, click on File, Run then type in a:\setup then click OK. Once InstallShield is loaded, at the Welcome screen click Next. After reading the copyright notice, click Next. Read the Software License Agreement and click Yes to accept, No to exit the installation process. Enter your name, pipeband/company, and serial number (on the install disk) then click Next. For Windows 95, 98 and NT 4.x, the default directory is c:\Program Files\Bagpipe Reader For Windows 3.1x and NT 3.5x, the default directory is: c:\bmwgold Click Browse to change this directory and/or drive letter or click Next to continue. Confirm Bagpipe Reader is the program folder. Click Next. Confirm that the current install settings are correct then click Next. Wait for the program files and fonts to be installed. Before the program can be run, the computer must be restarted. Remove the disk from Drive A. Click on either Restart Now or Restart Later then click on Site 7 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help Finish. If Restart Now was selected, the computer will be restarted. Bagpipe Reader can then be run. If Restart Later was selected, click Finish to exit the installation. Click Start, Shutdown, Restart the computer before running the program. Installing Real Bagpipe Sounds If your computer's sound card is a Creative Labs ® AWE32, AWE64, or. Soundblaster® LIVE! or any other sound card that supports EMU SoundFonts®, you can install a sound font to produce Real Bagpipe Sounds (professional piper quality chanter and drones sound) when playing tunes. To install the Real Bagpipe Sounds sound font, you must have previously installed the accessories programs that come with your sound card. The installation example described below is based on a Creative Labs® AWE64 Gold sound card running under Window 95. Click on Start, Programs, AWE 64 Gold, AWE Control. Click on Synth. Under Instrument, select General MIDI. Click Browse. In List Files of Type, select SFont Bank (*.sbk, *.sf2). Double click on C:\ and navigate to the folder where you installed Bagpipe Reader. Click on bagpipe.sbk then click OK. Click Apply, then click on OK. You will see the memory allocated to the bagpipe sound font. Click Quit. Uninstall Bagpipe Reader can be uninstalled. Uninstalling removes all Bagpipe Reader files including the sample tunes. If you have made modifications to the sample tunes and want to retain them, copy them to another directory. Follow these steps to uninstall the product. Click on Start, Settings, Control Panel., Add/Remove Programs Click on Bagpipe Reader, then click on Add/Remove. Click Yes to remove the application and all its components. Click Yes to All to remove all shared files. Click Yes to proceed. After uninstall successfully completes, click OK. Click OK to close the Add/Remove Program Properties dialog box. Click on File, Close to close Control Panel. Site 8 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help To ensure that all Bagpipe Reader files are removed, the computer must be restarted. Click Start, Shutdown, Restart the computer. In Program Manager, open the Main group. Double click on File Manager icon. Navigate to the directory where Bagpipe Reader is located. Double click on UNINSTAL.EXE. After uninstall successfully completes, click OK. Click on File, Exit to end File Manager. To ensure that all Bagpipe Reader files are removed, the computer must be restarted. From Program Manager, exit Windows using File, Exit. Restart the computer and run Windows. Starting the Program For Windows 95/98 and NT 4.x: Click on Start, Programs, Bagpipe Reader. For Windows 3.1x and NT 3.5x: Open up the Bagpipe Reader group. Double click on Bagpipe Reader icon. Opening a Sample Tune Click on File, Open, then double click on Tunes folder. You will see the following screen. Then double click on "Scotland The Brave.bww" to open the tune. Site 9 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help Navigating Around the Music Window On the screen you only see a portion of the music for "Scotland The Brave". Use the horizontal scroll bar at the bottom of the Music Window to pan right and left. Use the vertical scroll bar at the right of the Music Window to pan down and up. To "fly around the music", position the cursor anywhere in the Music Window. Site 10 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help Click the right mouse button and observe that the cursor changes shape. Move the cursor down and up, right and left and observe how the Music Window moves to show music in the direction that you move the cursor. Click the right mouse button again in the Music Window to exit "fly mode". If you want to see more of the music on the screen, click on the down arrow next to the Zoom combo box and then click on a lower Zoom (lower magnification) value such as 60%. Next change the Zoom level back to 100%. First check on the page layout parameters. Click on File, Page Setup to reveal the following screen. Select the printer and adjust the page size, orientation, margins, then click OK. Next click File, Print, OK to print the music. Printing Site 11 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help Playing First set the play options. Click on Configure, Set Play Options to show the following screen Adjust the tempo, grace note duration, drone introduction time, and other parameters. Bagpipe Reader uses MIDI instrument 71 for Bagpipe Chanter and Bagpipe Drone; it produces a smallpipe sound. Generally MIDI Instrument 109 (Bagpipe) on most sound cards produces an inferior bagpipe sound. Then click OK. Next, locate the VCR style controls (Rewind, Stop/Pause, Play, and Continuous Play) near the top of the screen. Select the appropriate MIDI Device from the drop down list to the left of these controls. To the right of these controls are the volume controls. Try adjusting the tenor and bass drone volumes. Then click the Play button. Click the Stop/Pause button to pause the tune. Click Play again to resume playing. Click Rewind to start from the beginning of the tune. You will notice a small ball that is positioned over notes and embellishments that are currently playing. This is called the "Moving Music Pointer" and, if desired, it can be turned off in the Configure, Set Play Options dialog box.. Site 12 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help More Playing Options You can select portions of a tune to play. For example, to select the first two bars of the second line of "Scotland The Brave", position the cursor in the Music Window at the top left corner of the first bar in line 2. Press the left mouse button down and drag the cursor to the bottom right hand corner of the second bar on line 2. During dragging, a box will be drawn around the selection as shown below. Releasing the left mouse button will cause the music in the box to become red. Click the Play button. Only the selected bars of music are played. Click the Continuous Play button. The selected bars of music are played over and over. Press the Stop button. You can also select music from a particular line down to the end of the music. Position the cursor in the Music Window in the margin to the left of the line you want the selection to begin at. Click the left mouse button and observe how that line and each line of music below it becomes red. Click the Play button. Only the selected music plays. Press Stop button. To unselect music, click left mouse button anywhere in Music Window. Playing Using Real Bagpipe Sounds If you have previously installed the SoundFont for Real Bagpipe Sounds, this section describes how you can set the MIDI device, MIDI Instruments, and MIDI Notes to play music using the Real Bagpipe Sounds. The following example is based on a Creative Labs AWE64 Gold sound card. At the main screen, select the MIDI device "AWE64G MIDI Synth". Next, click on Configure, Set Play Options. In Note Mapping Defaults section, click on the Set button next to "Low A at B flat". In the Instrument Settings section, enter 109 for the Chanter Instrument and 109 for the Drone Instrument. The following figure shows these settings. Click OK. Click Play and enjoy the performance. Writing Your First Tune Creating a New Code File Site 13 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help Important Screen Areas Initial Entries in the Code Window Entering Codes for Notes and Embellishments Veiwing Your Work (turning codes into music) Using Copy and Paste to Quickly Enter Codes Changing the Title, Type, Composer, and Footer Saving the Codes in a File Finishing the Tune Creating a New Code File T his chapter will show you how to transcribe your first tune. The example we will use is the first part of "Scotland The Brave". We start by running Bagpipe Reader. When it is loaded, click on File, New to bring up the following screen. Site 14 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help Important Screen Areas Code Window The window at the bottom is the "Code Window" where codes for the various melody notes, gracenotes, embellishments, and other symbols of a tune are entered. Music Window Directly above the Code Window is the "Music Window". The Music Window displays bagpipe music based on the codes entered in the Code Window. The Music Window is updated whenever the Refresh button (G clef on staff icon next to the Zoom combo box) is pressed (or when View, Refresh Music is clicked). Separator Line The horizontal line that separates the Code and Music Windows is called the "Separator Line". The Separator Line can be adjusted to make the Code Window larger (and correspondingly the Music Window smaller) or vice-versa. To do this drag the Separator Line up or down (i.e. hover over the line, click and hold down the left mouse button, move the line to the desired location then release the left mouse button). In the following screen shots, we have adjusted the Separator Line so the Code Window is larger. Initial Entries in the Code Window On opening a new tune using File, New, the Code Window contains the following: Bagpipe Reader:1.0 MIDINoteMappings,(54,56,58,59,61,63,64,66,68,56,58,60,61,63,65,66,6 8,70,55,57,59,60,62,64,65,67,69) FrequencyMappings,(370,415,466,494,554,622,659,740,831,415,466,52 3,554,622,699,740,831,932,392,440,494,523,587,659,699,784,880) InstrumentMappings,(71,71,45,33,1000,100) GracenoteDurations,(20,40,30,50,100,200,800,1200,250,250,250,500,20 0) FontSizes,(100,100,100,100) TuneFormat,(1,0,F,L,500,500,500,500,P,0,0) TuneTempo,90 "Title",(T,L,0,0,Times New Roman,16,700,0,0,18,0,0,0) "Type",(Y,C,0,0,Times New Roman,14,400,0,0,18,0,0,0) "Composer/Arranger",(M,R,0,0,Times New Roman,14,400,0,0,18,0,0,0) "Footer",(F,R,0,0,Times New Roman,10,400,0,0,0,0,0,0) & sharpf sharpc These lines form the header for a tune file and contain significant formatting and playing setup information. They can be ignored for the time being. Later it will be shown how to modify these parameters. Site 15 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help Entering Codes for Notes and Embellishments It is now time to enter music. Using the mouse move the cursor into the Code Window and place it at the end of the initial entries. Click to place the cursor. Then type in the following characters: (denotes Space Bar key, denotes the Tab key, and denotes the Enter/Return key ) 4_4I!E_8 The codes on the last line represent the music symbols to the end of the introductory bar: G clef (&), F sharp (sharpf), C sharp (sharpc), 4/4 time signature (4_4), starting double bar lines(I! which is uppercase I exclamation mark), E eighth note (E_8 which is uppercase E, underscore, 8). The significance of the spaces, tabs and enters will be explained later. Now enter the first complete bar of the tune on the next line using the Right Mouse Button Menus. In the Code Window move the cursor to the start of the next blank line after the above entries. Click to place the cursor. Click the right mouse button, hover over Staff Formatting, then hover over Barline. The screen should appear as show in the next picture. Click Barline to select it. Now, using the steps described above, select each listed code and insert it. Tab/Next Beat Single Gracenote, Gracenotes, High G Melody Notes, Quarter, LowA Tab/Next Beat Embellishments, Taorluaths, with D gracenote Melody Notes, Eighth, Right Tail, Low A Dots, Low A Site 16 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help Melody Notes, Sixteenth, Left Tail, B Tab/Next Beat Embellishments, Doublings, Regular, C Melody Notes, Eighth, Right Tail, C Single Gracenotes, Gracenotes, High E Melody Notes, Eighth, Left Tail, Low A Tab/Next Beat Embellishments, Doublings, Regular, C Melody Notes, Eighth, Right Tail, C Melody Notes, Eighth, Left Tail, E The resulting codes should be !ggLA_4tarLAr_8'laBl_16dbcCr_8egLAl_8dbcCr_ 8El_8 Note that a Tab character is always placed before the start of a beat and the Return character is always placed at the end of a bar. Spaces are used in all other cases to separate codes. On the next line, type in the second bar of the tune. !dbhaHA_4strhgHA_4grpHAr_8El_8dbcCr_8egLAl_8 !t Note the terminating bar line (!t). This code is placed at the end of a line of music that is not the end of a part. However, we place it here because a terminating barline, or an ending double barlines (!I) or an ending double barlines with repeats (''!I) must appear at the end of a line of music to show the music on the screen. A terminating bar line is always placed flush with the end of the staff. Veiwing Your Work (turning codes into music) Click on the Refresh Music icon. Now in front of the terminating barline (!t), enter bars 3 and 4 as follows: !thrdD_4ggFr_8'fDl_16dbcCr_8El_8dbcCr_8egLAl_8 !grpB_4dbeE_4strlaEr_8'eFl_16ggEr_16'eDl_32ggC r_16'c Bl_32 !t Note the terminating bar line (!t) must now appear at the end of bar 4. Press the Refresh Drag the horizontal scroll bar in the Music Window to the right to see bars 3 and 4. You can also click on the Play icon to hear the first line of music. Site 17 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help Using Copy and Paste to Quickly Enter Codes In bagpipe music, it is very common to see bars of music repeated in other parts and within the same part (e.g. typically in a part, bar 5 is the same as bar 1, bar 6 the same as bar 2. Also, the ending phrase (bars 7 and 8) in each part is the same). Examining the music of the first part of Bonnie Dundee we find that bars 5, 6, and 7 are the same as bars 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The Code Window has cut/copy/paste features of a simple text editor. Thus, to copy bars 1, 2 and 3 to bars 5, 6 and 7 do the following: In the Code Window, insert a new staff line on the next blank line using the right mouse button menu item New Staff Highlight the codes for bars 1, 2 and 3 (click at the start of bar 1 and drag to the end of bar 3) Click on the Copy icon, or hit Control C, or click on Edit, Copy. Click on the next blank line after the codes for bar 4, then click on the Paste icon, or hit Control V, or click on Edit, Paste. You should have enter and pasted in the following text. &sharpfsharpc ggLA_4tarLAr_8'laBl_16dbcCr_8egLAl_8dbcCr_8 El_8 !dbhaHA_4strhgHA_4grpHAr_8El_8dbcCr_8egLAl_8 !thrdD_4ggFr_8'fDl_16dbcCr_8El_8dbcCr_8egLAl_8 Because bar 5 is the beginning of a new line of music, it is necessary to place a G clef and F sharp and C sharp symbols at the start of the line. However, because it is in the middle of a part of music, it does not need an opening barline. Thus, delete the first exclamation mark at the start of bar 5. Then after bar 7, type in the codes for bar 8 as follows: !grpB_4ggLAr_8'laBl_16strlgLA_4dbcCr_8El_8!I The codes for bars 5, 6, 7, and 8 should now appear as: &sharpfsharpc ggLA_4tarLAr_8'laBl_16dbcCr_8egLAl_8dbcCr_8 El_8 !dbhaHA_4strhgHA_4grpHAr_8El_8dbcCr_8egLAl_8 !thrdD_4ggFr_8'fDl_16dbcCr_8El_8dbcCr_8egLAl_8 !grpB_4ggLAr_8'laBl_16strlgLA_4dbcCr_8El_8!I Note the ending double bar lines (!I which is exclamation mark, uppercase I). Site 18 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help These are placed at the end of parts that are not repeated. Now click on the Refresh Music icon. Click on the down arrow to the right of the Zoom list box and click on 75%. Drag down the Separator Line to see the two lines of music in the Music Window and the corresponding codes in the Code Window. Click on the Play icon to hear the first part played twice through. Changing the Title, Type, Composer, and Footer To change a tune detail element (such as Title, Type, Composer or Footer), do the following: In the Music Window click on the text of the element. Click on Configure, Set Font. The Font dialog box will appear. In the Text Setup section, enter the correct text in the Text box. Adjust the font, style, point size, and alignment of the text, if desired. Click on OK to set the new parameters. Shown below is the Font dialog box with "Bonnie Dundee" entered as the Tune Title, (before OK is clicked). Using the above steps, set the following information: Scotland The Brave as the Tune Title March as the Tune Type. Trad. as the Composer Tutorial October 1999 as the Footer. Also, change the alignment of this element to Right Aligned. Site 19 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help Saving the Codes in a File It is important to frequently save your entered codes. To do this, click on the Save icon, or click on File, Save. The first time the codes are saved, the Save As dialog box appears with the default folder being the Tunes folder where Bagpipe Reader is installed. For the codes entered so far, continue as follows: Ensure that you are in the Tunes folder. For new files, the default file name is taken from the tune title. Click Save to save Scotland The Brave.bww The following screen shows the Save As dialog box before Save is clicked. It is also important to include the BWW extension on the code file names. This will allow you to open BWW files by double clicking on them in Windows Explorer or File Manager. Also, you can include bagpipe music in other Windows applications, by inserting a BWW file as an OLE object in the Windows application (see the chapter on Advanced Topics). Finishing the Tune To finish Scotland The Brave, enter the second part as shown below. Use some of the shortcuts described above to simplify the task. &sharpf sharpc Site 20 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help I!dbhaHA_4strhgHA_4grpHAr_8El_8dbc Cr_8 eg LAl_8 !dbhaHA_4strhgHA_4grpHAr_8El_8dbcCr_8El_8 !dbhaHA_4strhgHAr_8'haHGl_16tgF_4dbhaHAr_8'ha HGl_16 !tgFr_8HAl_8strfHGr_8Fl_8dbeEr_8Dl_8dbcCr_8Bl_8 !t & sharpf sharpc ggLA_4tarLAr_8'laBl_16dbcCr_8egLAl_8dbcCr_8El_ 8 !dbhaHA_4strhgHA_4grpHAr_8El_8dbcCr_8egLAl_8 !thrdD_4ggFr_8'fDl_16dbcCr_8El_8dbcCr_8egLAl_8 !grpB_4ggLAr_8'laBl_16strlgLA_4'la!I Once the codes are entered, click on the down arrow to the right of the Zoom combo box, click on the value 60%, then click on the Refresh Music icon. Adjust the Separator Bar so that the whole tune appears on screen as shown below. Finally, check your work by playing the tune, printing it, and saving it. The Naming Conventions T he previous chapters have introduced several codes in constructing a simple, well known tune. In this chapter you will learn the codes for all the bagpipe music symbols in Bagpipe Reader used for light music. First, here are the general naming conventions for the codes. Melody notes are in upper case letters (LG, LA, B, etc.). Grace notes and embellishments are in lower case letters (gg, dbc, etc.) All other codes, except for a few special symbols, are in lower case letters. Codes are classified into "playing" (i.e. that will produce a sound; melody notes, grace notes, embellishments) and "non-playing" (i.e. will not produce a sound; used for music formatting (G clef, bar line, time signatures, etc.) or music modifying (dots, runs of three, ties, etc.)). Site 21 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help Staff Formatting Symbols The G clef is coded by the "and" symbol (&) and MUST appear at the start of each staff line. It is used to mark the symbols that appear on a line of staff. There are two Start of Parts symbols. The code I!'' (uppercase I, exclamation mark, and two apostrophes) is used to begin a part that is repeated. The code I! (uppercase I, exclamation mark) is used to begin a part that is not repeated. There are two End of Parts symbols. The code ''!I (two apostrophes, exclamation mark, and uppercase I) is used to end a part that is repeated. The code !I (exclamation mark, uppercase I) is used to end a part that is not repeated. These symbols are mirror images of the Start of Part symbols. They are required to ensure that the symbols occur flush with the end of the staff. Bar lines are coded by the single exclamation mark (!). A special bar line called a "terminating bar line" !t (exclamation mark followed by lowercase t) is used to code the end of a bar of music that is the last bar on the staff but not the last bar of the part. An example of this would be the bar line at the end of bar 4. The use of the terminating bar line is required to ensure that the line occurs flush with the end of the staff. & I! & ! ! 't & I!'' 't & ! ! 't ''I Time Signatures Time signatures are coded by one or two digits for the "numerator", followed by the underscore character (_), followed by a digit for the denominator (e.g. 2_4 indicates a "two-four" tune, 12_8 indicates a "twelve-eight" tune). Two special symbols C and C_ denote common time ("four-four") and cut common time ("two-two"), respectively. Typically, the common time signature is used in strathspeys and the cut common time signature in reels. Site 22 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help & 2_2 3_2 2_4 3_4 4_4 5_4 6_4 7_4 C C_ & 2_8 3_8 4_8 5_8 6_8 7_8 8_8 9_8 10_8 11_8 12_8 15_8 18_8 21_8 & 2_16 3_16 4_16 5_16 6_16 7_16 8_16 9_16 10_16 11_16 12_16 Accidentals Accidentals are symbols used to indicate a change in pitch of a note. They include flats, naturals and sharps . The codes for these accidentals consist of the type of accidental followed by the note (e.g. flatb, naturalc, sharpf). Accidentals can be placed at the start of a staff directly after the clef to denote the key signature. On the Great Highland Bagpipe, the F and C are actually F sharp and C sharp, respectively. Thus, the F sharp and C sharp symbols (in that order to properly denote the D Major key signature) should be placed directly after the clef. Historically, bagpipe music has not included the F sharp and C sharp accidentals. However, there are several reasons why they should be used: an increasing number of new bagpipe compositions are including F natural and C natural notes (created by cross-fingering the notes) and they need to be properly represented on the staff. bagpipe music is increasingly being used by non-pipers (folk groups, fiddlers, etc.) and should be written according to standard music theory so that these musicians can correctly read and interpret the music. with computer programs, like Bagpipe Reader, using MIDI devices to Site 23 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help create bagpipe sounds, the correct MIDI notes must be played to achieve the F and C sharps and naturals. For these reasons, Bagpipe Reader defaults to using the F sharp and C sharp accidentals at the beginning of a staff. Accidentals can also be placed before notes on a staff to affect their pitch. If an accidental is placed before a note, it affects the pitch of that note and all the other same notes until the end of the bar. Beginning in the next bar, the note reverts back to the pitch set at the start of the staff line. e.g. If a staff line begins with the G clef, F sharp, and C sharp symbols, then F's and C's throughout the line will be played as F sharp and C sharp respectively. If however a C natural accidental is placed before a C in a bar, then that C and all other C's after it in the bar will be played as C natural. In the following bar, the C's revert to C sharps. Flats, Naturals and Sharps flatlg flatla flatb flatc flatd flate flatf flathg flatha naturallg naturalla naturalb naturalc naturald naturale naturalf naturalhg naturalha sharplg sharpla sharpb sharpc sharpd sharpe sharpf sharphg sharpha Melody Notes Melody note codes begin with the melody note in upper case (e.g. LG, B, HA Site 24 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help for Low G, B, and High A, respectively), followed by the flag direction (r for right facing, l for left facing, and no character for single melody notes or notes greater than an eighth), the underscore character (_) and then the value of the note (1 for whole note, 2 for half note, 4 for quarter note, etc.). At least one melody note must always be on a staff. Some examples of melody notes are LG_4 HA_8 Fr_16 Dl_32 denoting a Low G quarter note, High A eighth note, F sixteenth note with right facing flags, and D thirty-second note with left facing flags, respectively. Whole and Half Notes LG_1 LG_2 LA_1 B_1 LA_2 B_2 C_1 D_1 C_2 D_2 HG_1 E_1 F_1 HG_2 E_2 F_2 HA_1 HA_2 Quarter and Eighth Notes LG_4 LG_8 LA_4 B_4 LA_8 B_8 C_4 D_4 C_8 D_8 HG_4 E_4 F_4 E_8 F_8 HG_8 HA_4 HA_8 Sixteenth and Thirty-Second Notes Site 25 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help LG_16 LG_32 HA_16 HG_16 F_16 E_16 C_16 D_16 B_16 LA_16 HA_32 HG_32 F_32 E_32 C_32 D_32 B_32 LA_32 Eighth Notes with Right and Left Facing Flags LGr_8 LAr_8 Br_8 Cr_8 Dr_8 Er_8 Fr_8 HGr_8 HAr_8 LGl_8 LAl_8 Bl_8 Cl_8 Dl_8 El_8 Fl_8 HGl_8 HAl_8 Sixteenth Notes with Right and Left Facing Flags LGr_16 LAr_16 Br_16 Cr_16 Dr_16 Er_16 Fr_16 HGr_16 HAr_16 Site 26 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help LGl_16 LAl_16 Bl_16 Cl_16 Dl_16 El_16 Fl_16 HGl_16 HAl_16 Thirty-Second Notes with Right and Left Facing Flags LGr_32 LAr_32 Br_32 Cr_32 Dr_32 Er_32 Fr_32 HGr_32 HAr_32 LGl_32 LAl_32 Bl_32 Cl_32 Dl_32 El_32 Fl_32 HGl_32 HAl_32 Rests Rests are silent periods in music. They are coded like melody notes. e.g. REST_4 is a quarter note rest. REST_1 REST_2 REST_4 REST_8 REST_16 REST_32 Dots Dots are coded by the apostrophe (') followed by lowercase letters for the note. e.g. 'la is a dot on Low A. Dots increase the duration of the preceding melody note by half its duration. Effectively, they increase the duration of the melody Site 27 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help note by 50%. The codes for dots must be placed after the codes for the preceding melody note. Double dots are coded with two apostrophes. e.g. ''la is a double dot on Low A. Double dots act like a "dot on a dot" i.e. they effectively increase the duration of the preceding melody note by 75%. The codes for dots must be placed after the codes for the preceding melody note Single and Double Dots 'lg 'la 'b ''lg ''la ''b 'c 'd 'e 'f 'hg 'ha ''c ''d ''e ''f ''hg ''ha Fermatas A fermata is an indefinite pause or extension of a melody note. It is coded by the word fermat followed by the note (e.g. fermatla is a fermata over Low A). The code for the fermata must be placed directly after the melody note. During playing, Bagpipe Reader interprets fermatas like double dots, increasing the duration of the preceding melody note by 75%. fermatlg fermatla fermatb fermatc fermate fermatf fermathg fermatha fermatd Site 28 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help Grace Notes and Embellishments The codes for grace notes and embellishments must always be in lowercase letters and must appear before the code for a melody note. The codes for single grace notes begin with the note of the grace note followed by the letter g for grace note (i.e. gg dg eg tg for High G, D, E, and Thumb (High grace notes, respectively). The codes for embellishments (multiple grace notes) begin with the type of movement (db for doubling, hdb for half doubling, etc.) and generally end with the letter denoting the major note of the embellishment (e.g. tdbd for thumb doubling on D, gstb for G grace note strike on B, etc.) Generally, g and t are the first letters of the codes for embellishments that begin with a High G or High A grace note, respectively. h is the first letter for embellishments that are "half" versions of the embellishment. Strikes are special exceptions for the coding of single grace notes. Strikes are coded with the characters str followed by the note that is being struck (e.g. strlg denotes a single grace note striking Low G). Some embellishments are played the same no matter what the starting and ending melody notes are (e.g. grp for grip, tar for taorluath, etc.) Single Grace notes ag bg cg dg eg fg gg tg Regular, Thumb and Half Doublings Site 29 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help dblg dbla dbb dbc dbd dbe dbf dbhg dbha tdblg tdbla tdbb tdbc tdbd tdbe tdbf hdblg hdbla hdbb hdbc hdbd hdbe hdbf Single Strikes strlg strla strb strc strd stre strf strhg G Grace note, Thumb and Half Strikes Site 30 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help gstla gstb gstc gstd lgstd gste gstf tstla tstb tstc tstd ltstd tste tstf tsthg hstla hstb hstc hstd lhstd hste hstf hsthg Regular Grips grp hgrp grpb grpb G Grace note, Thumb and Half Grips Site 31 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help ggrpla ggrpe ggrpb ggrpf ggrpc ggrpd ggrpdb tgrpla tgrpe tgrpb tgrpf tgrpc tgrphg tgrpd tgrpdb hgrpla hgrpe hgrpb hgrpf hgrpc hgrphg hgrpd hgrpha hgrpdb Taorluaths and Bublys tar tarb htar bubly hbubly Birls brl abr gbr tbr Light, Heavy and Half D Throws Site 32 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help thrd hvthrd hthrd hhvthrd Regular, Thumb Grace note and Half Peles pella pelb pelc peld lpeld pele pelf tpella tpele tpelb tpelf tpelc tpelhg tpeld ltpeld hpella hpele hpelb hpelf hpelc hpelhg hpeld lhpeld Regular Double Strikes st2la st2b st2c st2d lst2d st2ha st2e st2f st2hg G Grace note, Thumb and Half Double Strikes Site 33 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help gst2la gst2e gst2b gst2f gst2c gst2d lgst2d tst2la tst2e tst2b tst2f tst2c tst2hg tst2d ltst2d hst2la hst2e hst2b hst2f hst2c hst2hg hst2d hst2ha lhst2d Regular Triple Strikes st3la st3b st3c st3d lst3d st3ha st3e st3f st3hg G Grace note, Thumb and Half Triple Strikes Site 34 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help gst3la gst3e gst3b gst3f gst3c gst3d lgst3d tst3la tst3e tst3b tst3f tst3c tst3hg tst3d ltst3d hst3la hst3e hst3b hst3f hst3c hst3hg hst3d hst3ha lhst3d Double Grace notes Site 35 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help dlg dla db dc elg ela eb flg fla fb fc fd fe glg gla gb gc gd ge gf tlg tla tb tc td te tf ec ed thg Ties – New Format Ties are used to extend the playing of a note across a beat. New codes for ties have been introduced that will be compatible with a future "drag and drop" version of a bagpipe software product (Dreaming). Ties are coded by the caret character (^) followed by the lowercase letter t, followed by the lowercase letter s (for start) or e (for end) (e.g. ^ts is the start of a tie between two melody notes and ^te is the end of the tie) The starting tie code must be placed BEFORE the first of the two melody notes to be tied. The ending tie code must be placed AFTER the second of the two melody notes to be tied. e.g. ^ts LA_4 LA_4 ^te ties two Low A quarter notes together. Site 36 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help Some examples of ^ts and ^te Ties – Old Format These following codes apply to the previous version for coding ties and are not recommended for current use. Their use is supported only for compatibility with previous versions of bagpipe software. Ties are coded by the caret character (^) followed by the lowercase letter t, followed by lowercase letters indicating the note to be tied (e.g. ^tc is a tie between two C melody notes. The tie code must be placed BETWEEN the two melody notes to be tied. e.g. LA_4 ^tla LA_4 ties two Low A quarter notes together. ^tlg ^tla ^tb ^te ^tf ^tc ^td ^thg ^tha Site 37 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help Irregular Groups Irregular groups are used to denote the playing of a certain number of notes in the time of a different number of notes. The most common irregular group is a "Triplet" or "Run of 3" which is 3 notes played in the time of 2 notes. Bagpipe Reader supports the following irregular groups: Duplets: The value of 2 notes played in the time of 3 notes Triplets: The value of 3 notes played in the time of 2 notes Quadruplets: The value of 4 notes played in the time of 3 or 6 notes Quintuplets: The value of 5 notes played in the time of 3 or 4 notes Sextuplets: The value of 6 notes played in the time of 4 notes Septuplets: The value of 7 notes played in the time of 4 or 6 notes. Duplets are coded by the caret character (^) followed by the number 2, followed by the lowercase letter s (for start) or e (for end) (e.g. ^2s is the start of a duplet and ^2e is the end of the duplet). Triplets are coded by the caret character (^) followed by the number 3, followed by the lowercase letter s (for start) or e (for end) (e.g. ^3s is the start of a triplet and ^3e is the end of the triplet). The other irregular groups are coded by the caret character (^) followed by the number of notes played, followed by the number of notes in the time of, followed by the lowercase letter s (for start) or e (for end) (e.g. ^53s is the start of a quintuplet played in the time of 3 notes and ^53e is the end of the quintuplet). The starting code for an irregular group must be placed BEFORE the first of the notes in the group. The ending code must be placed AFTER the last of the notes in the group. e.g. ^3s Cr_8 Fl_8 gg LAl_8 ^3e is a triplet over C, F, and Low A melody notes). ^2s ^2e ^3s ^3e ^54s ^54e ^64s ^64e ^43s ^43e ^46s ^46e ^53s ^53e ^74s ^74e ^76s ^76e Site 38 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help Runs of 3 (Triplets) - Old Format The following codes apply to the previous version for coding runs of 3 (triplets) and are not recommended for current use. Their use is supported only for compatibility with previous versions of bagpipe software. Runs of 3 are coded by the caret character (^) followed by the digit 3, followed by the lowercase letters for the highest melody note that the run should clear (e.g. ^3f is a run of 3 that will provide adequate clearance over a F melody note). The run of 3 code must be placed AFTER the three melody notes in a run (e.g. Cr_8 El_8 gg LAl_8 ^3e ) ^3lg ^3la ^3b ^3e ^3f ^3c ^3d ^3hg ^3ha Time Lines Time lines are the lines that appear over bars of music to denote music variations when a part is repeated. Typically there is a "1st Time" and a "2nd Time" to a repeated part. Time lines are coded by a "Start of Time Line" code and an "End of Time Line" code. Start of Time Line Time lines are coded by the apostrophe (') followed by the number 1 or 2 (denoting whether it applies to the first time or second time), followed by additional digits indicating other parts that these bars apply to (if no additional digits appear it applies only to the current part). Some examples of Start of Time Lines are '1 which indicates that the following Site 39 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help bars apply only to the first time through the current part, and '224 which indicates that the following bars apply to the second time through the current part AND the second time through the second and fourth parts. A Start of Time Line symbol must be placed directly BEFORE the first code coming under the time line. End of Time Line The end of a time line is coded with an End of Time Line code, an underscore character (_) followed by the apostrophe ('). Its presence causes a horizontal line to be drawn over the music from the Start of Time Line code to the current position. The End of Time Line code can be placed on the current line of music or it can be placed on the next line of music, if it needs to extend that far. However, it must be placed directly AFTER the last code coming under the time line. Also, an End of Time Line code must be placed somewhere BEFORE a part ending code (such as !I or ''!I) and never after a part ending code. For every Start of Time Line code there must be a corresponding End of Time Line code. '1 _' '2 _' '22 _' '23 _' '24 _' '224 _' 'intro '25 _' '26 _' '27 '28 _' _' _' Examples of Correct Implementations of Time Lines There are many ways time lines can be implemented so that they result in correct play of the first time and the second time music. The following examples illustrate correct implementations of time lines. Because they are taken from the sample tunes, the codes can be examined. Site 40 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help First and Second Times in the same line "The Balmoral Highlanders" - first part. Although it appears like the time lines are run together, they are in fact separate. '1 _' '2 _' First and Second Times in the same part "The Gold Ring" - sixth part. Note that the music for the second time must appear directly after the music for the first time. The music for the second time must end with an ending double bar line code but without the repeat mark. First and Second Times across parts "The Rakes of Kildare" - first and second parts. In these cases, the music for the second time appears before the music for the first time. This example also illustrates how time lines can continue across lines within the same part. Site 41 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help The Naming Conventions T he previous chapter presented the codes available for constructing light music. In this chapter you will learn the additional codes needed for writing piobaireachd in Bagpipe Reader. The symbols used are based upon the Piobaireachd Society and Kilberry collections. Cadences Cadences are coded by the lowercase letters cad followed by the letters for the grace notes in the cadence. e.g. cadged is a cadence with High G, E and D grace notes. Cadences with fermatas begin with fcad Site 42 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help cadged cadge caded cade cadaed fcadged fcadae fcadge fcaded fcade cadgf cadaf fcadgf cadae fcadaed fcadaf Abbreviations Many piobaireachd movements also appear as abbreviations (gives more space on the staff & easier to learn the tune's patterns). The codes for the abbreviations are the same as the movement but begin with the letter p Unless indicated otherwise, the code for an abbreviation must be placed before the code for a melody note. The abbreviation will then be centered over that melody note. Throws are coded, as closely as possible, to their canntaireachd vocables. Throws E, F and High G Throws Site 43 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help embari endari chedari hedari pembari pendari pchedari phedari High A and D Throws tra8 (ptra8) with longer Low Gs would be used with D echobeats. dili tra htra tra8 pdili ptra phtra ptra8 G Grace note, Thumb and Half Throws Site 44 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help gedre gdare tedre tdare tchechere dre hchechere hedale Grips Like throws, Grips are coded, as closely as possible, to their canntaireachd vocables. Regular Grips grp deda pgrp Site 45 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help Half Grips enbain otro odro adeda penbain potro podro padeda G Grace note and Thumb Grips genbain gotro godro gadeda tenbain totro todro tadeda Echo Beat Grace notes Echo beat grace notes are the second grace note strikes used in echo beat sequences. They are played longer than the first strike and as such they are written as 1/16th grace notes rather than 1/32nd grace notes. Echo beat grace notes are coded with the lowercase letters echo followed the note that is being struck. e.g. echola is an echo beat grace note that strikes Low A. Here is a F echo beat sequence: gg Fr_16 stre Fl_8 'e echoe E_4 Site 46 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help echolg echoe echof echola echob echohg echoc echod echoha Darodos The darodo movement is like the bubly movement in light music. The darodo16 and pdarodo16 movements have longer first and last Low Gs. darodo darodo16 hdarodo pdarodo pdarodo16 phdarodo Miscellaneous Movements The following movements are also used in piobaireachd. Of note is din which is typically used in the ending phrase of a line. It is different from a strlg because it is a 1/16th grace note and is played. However, the din is less in duration than echolg. Site 47 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help hiharin phiharin rodin chelalho din Leumluaths Leumluaths are used in Leumluath (grip) variations. The code for the full notation leumluath begins with lem. The leumluath using a B grace note is coded as lemb The code for the lemluath abbreviation is pl The code for the abbreviation for the leumluath is placed after the code for the melody note (e.g. LA_4 pl). Bagpipe Reader places the abbreviation symbol under that melody note. During playing, Bagpipe Reader processing the leumluath abbreviations as follows: If the melody note before the abbreviation is a Low G, Low A, B, C, D, E or F, a High G gracenote is played before the melody note. If the melody note is a High G, then a thumb gracenote is played. If the melody note is a High A, no gracenote is played. The embellishment is then played followed by a special E gracenote (as opposed to the E melody note), the duration of which can be adjusted. As shown below, there are two ways of playing the leumluath from Low G . The first (D grace note on Low A) is the style used in the Piobaireachd Society and Kilberry collections. The second (D grace note on Low G) is the style several well-known pipers over the years have promoted because it is the actual leumluath movement with the first Low G grace note removed. For consistency with the Piobaireachd Society and Kilberry collections, the abbreviation for Low G leumluath is for the first style. Regular Leumluaths Site 48 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help lem lem lem lemb hlemla pl pl pl plb hlemlg phlla Leumluath "Breabach" Strictly speaking, there is no such thing as a Leumluath Breabach. However, the term is used here to denote a leumluath with no special E grace note played at the end of the movement. This permits a longer E melody note (usually with a fermata over it) to be played. The music example below illustrates the use of the "leumluath breabach". lembrea lembbrea hlemlabrea plbrea plbbrea phllabrea Taorluaths Taorluaths are used in the Taorluath variations. The code for the abbreviation for the taorluath is placed after the code for the melody note (e.g. LA_4 pt). Bagpipe Reader places the abbreviation symbol under that melody note. During playing, Bagpipe Reader processing the taorluath abbreviations as follows: If the melody note before the abbreviation is a Low G, Low A, B, C, D, E or F, a High G gracenote is played before the melody note. If the melody note is a High G, then a thumb gracenote is played. If the melody note is a High A, no gracenote is played. The embellishment is then played followed by a special Low A gracenote (as opposed to the Low A melody note), the duration of which can be adjusted. As in the Leumluath section above, there are two ways of playing the taorluath from Low G to Low A.: the D grace note on Low A style and the D grace note on Low G style. Again, for consistency with the Piobaireachd Society and Kilberry collections, the abbreviation for the taorluath from Low G to Low A is Site 49 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help for the first style. Regular Taorluaths tar tar tar tarb htarla pt pt pt ptb htarlg phtla Closed Taorluaths tarbrea tarbbrea htarlabrea ptbrea ptbbrea phtlabrea Taorluath a Machs The code for the abbreviation for the taorluath a mach is placed before the code for the melody note (e.g. ptmb B_4). Bagpipe Reader places the abbreviation symbol under that melody note. Taorluath a Machs are played the same as a regular embellishment. Site 50 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help (The codes shown here are for the second line) ptmb ptmc ptmd Triplings Triplings variations are found in piobaireachds of fosgailte construction. They are like a taorluath variation. The code for the abbreviation for a tripling is placed before the code for the melody note (e.g. ptripla LA_16). Bagpipe Reader places the abbreviation symbol under that melody note. Triplings are played the same as a regular embellishment. G Gracenote Triplings (The codes shown here are for the second line) ptriplg ptripla ptripb ptripc Thumb Gracenote Triplings Site 51 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help (The codes shown here are for the second line) pttriplg pttripla pttripb pttripc Half Triplings (The codes shown here are for the second line) phtriplg phtripla phtripb phtripc Crunluaths Crunluaths are used in the Crunluath variations. The code for the abbreviation for the crunluath is placed after the code for the melody note (e.g. LA_4 pc). Bagpipe Reader places the abbreviation symbol under that melody note. During playing, Bagpipe Reader processing the crunluath abbreviations as follows: If the melody note before the abbreviation is a Low G, Low A, B, C, D, E or F, a High G gracenote is played before the melody note. If the melody note is a High G, then a thumb gracenote is played. If the melody note is a High A, no gracenote is played. The embellishment is then played followed by a special E gracenote (as Site 52 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help opposed to the E melody note), the duration of which can be adjusted. As in the Leumluath section above, there are two ways of playing a non-closed crunluath from Low G: the D grace note on Low A style and the D grace note on Low G style. Again, for consistency with the Piobaireachd Society and Kilberry collections, the abbreviation for the non-closed crunluath from Low G is for the first style. Regular Crunluaths crunl crunl hcrunllgla pc pc crunl pc pcb crunlb hcrunlla phcla Closed Crunluaths crunlbrea crunlbbrea pcbrea pcbbrea hcrunllabrea phclabrea Crunluath a Machs The code for the abbreviation for the crunluath a mach is placed before the code for the melody note (e.g. pcmb B_4). Bagpipe Reader places the abbreviation symbol under that melody note. The abbreviations for Crunluath a Machs are played the same as regular embellishments. However, Bagpipe Reader then plays the code for the melody note that follows (which is entered as a B, C, or D quarter note) to an "E". Site 53 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help edrelg edrela pedrelg pedrela Crunluath Fosgailte a Machs edreb edrec pedreb edred pedrec pedred Singling and Doubling Timelines The start of singling and doubling timelines are denoted by the codes 'si and 'do respectively. The end of the singling and doubling timelines is denoted by the code _' If singling and doubling timelines are used in a variation, then codes for the standard music theory symbols segno and dalsegno must be used to properly indicate the start and end of the variation for playing. The segno code must be placed at the start of the variation before the starting double barlines. The dalsegno code must be placed at the end of the variation after the ending double barlines. Site 54 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help segno 'si _' 'do _' dalsegno The Bis Timeline "Bis" is the standard music theory symbol used to denote a passage that is played twice. Playing a certain phrase twice is quite common in piobaireachd. The use of the bis timeline is denoted by the start code 'bis and the end code bis_' 'bis bis_' The bis timeline rises above the singling and doubling timelines as well as the first and second time timelines. Fine and Da Capo al Fine In piobaireachd, it is standard practise to play the first line of the Ground variation after finishing the final Crunluath variation. To properly represent this in the music, the codes for the standard music theory symbols dacapoalfine (meaning "return to the beginning of the piece and play until the word fine") and fine (meaning "final or end") are used. The dacapoalfine code is placed after the ending double barlines of the last variation. The fine code is placed after the last note to be sounded in the first line of the Ground variation. Site 55 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help I. Ground X. C runluath a Mach fine dacapoalfine Coda, Da Capo al Coda, and Coda Section The standard music theory symbol coda does not normally appear in standard bagpipe music. However, some bagpipe music arrangements that are set for playing with other instruments, use the coda symbol. Thus, it is included here for completeness. The following music example illustrates how coda can be used. Site 56 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help I. Ground X. C runluath a Mach A little f louris h at the end before stopping coda dacapoalcoda codasection Line 1 (Ground) is played. The coda symbol is ignored during this pass. Line 2 (Crunluath A Mach) is played. When dacapoalcoda is encountered, Bagpipe Reader branches backward to the beginnning of the music. Line 1 is played (again). When the coda symbol is encountered during this pass, Bagpipe Reader branches forward to the codasection. Line 3 ("A little flourish…") is played to the end of the music. What if I can't find the symbol I need? Bagpipe Reader symbols are contained in seven Windows TrueType font files (BMW1.TTF to BMW7.TTF). An eighth TrueType font file (BMW8.TTF) has been created to hold User Requested Symbols. If you cannot locate a particular bagpipe music embellishment among the available symbols, contact us to request the symbol. We will either inform you of an existing symbol combination that will meet your needs or we will create the symbol for you, assign it a code, place it in BMW8.TTF and post it to our homepage. It will be available for you and other Bagpipe Reader users to download. Site 57 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help Check our homepage for the most recent version of BMW8.TTF. It may already contain the symbol you desire. Screen Elements / Menus I n previous chapters, you were introduced to several elements of the main screen and its menus. This chapter identifies all the screen elements and the main menu choices. The Dialog Boxes resulting from some of these menu choices are described in more detail in the next chapter. Site 58 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help The Main Screen More: Title Bar Menu Bar Toolbar Music Window Code Window Separator Line Site 59 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help Title Bar Displays the phrase "Bagpipe Reader" and the file name of the tune currently open. Menu Bar Displays the Top Level Menus. Toolbar The toolbars provide quick access to the most common operations. Music Window The top window is the "Music Window" which displays bagpipe music based on the codes entered in the Code Window. Code Window The bottom window is the "Code Window" where codes for the various melody notes, gracenotes, embellishments, and other symbols of a tune are entered. Separator Line The horizontal line that separates the Code and Music Windows is called the "Separator Line". The Separator Line can be adjusted to make the Code Window larger (and correspondingly the Music Window smaller) or vice-versa. To do this drag the Separator Line up or down File Menu New Opens a new tune window. Site 60 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help Open Opens an existing tune file into a new window. Close Closes the current tune windows and closes the associated file. Save Saves the codes in the current Code Window to the associated file. BWW is the default extension and it is recommended that people use this extension for two reasons: The BWW extension is associated with the Bagpipe Reader program. This means that you can double click on a BWW file in Windows Explorer or File Manager and Bagpipe Reader will run and open the file. The BWW extension is the primary, visible method used to identify files created by the Windows version of Bagpipe Reader compared to files created by an older DOS version of a bagpipe software product. The first time a tune is saved, Bagpipe Reader uses the words in the Tune Title as the file name. Before pressing OK to save the file, ensure that there are no illegal characters in the file name (e.g. \ / : * ? " < > | ) as an error will be produced. Save As Permits a different filename to be specified and defaults to the BWW extension. Codes in the current Code Window are saved to that file. Save As MIDI Used to save the music as a MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) format file. MIDI files are very compact (a four part 2/4 competition march is typically 810Kbytes) and can be played on any computer with a sound card using the Windows MediaPlayer program. Permits a new filename to be specified and then saves the music in MIDI format. To ensure that the tune name, composer and any copyright information gets included with the music in the MIDI file, Bagpipe Reader writes the following text strings into the MIDI file: The text in the Tune Title. "Composed By: " followed by the text in the Composer/Arranger field, followed by the text in the Footer field. See the chapter on Responsible Use of Bagpipe Reader for details on how to respect and acknowledge composer's copyrights and intellectual property. Save As Image Used to save the music as a monochrome BMP or PCX format file. All Windows versions can read and write BMP files. Earlier Windows versions can read and write PCX files but later Windows versions can only read PCX files. However, a PCX file of bagpipe music is 3-5 times smaller than the BMP file of the same music. Site 61 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help Permits a filename and graphics file format (BMP or PCX) to be specified and then saves the music in the file in the chosen graphics file format. The resolution of the resulting file depends on the value in the Zoom combo box.. Zoom values of 100% and 200% produce images with approximately 150 dpi and 300 dpi respectively. Print Setup Allows selection of the printer to send print output to. Defaults to the Windows default printer. Paper size, source and orientation should be set in Page Setup. Page Setup Opens a dialog box for configuring the page. See chapter on Page Setup for details. Print Preview Displays the music on screen as it would appear on a printed page. In this mode, the cursor is a magnifying glass and clicking the left mouse button zooms in (can zoom in twice then goes back to regular magnification). Print Send print output to the currently selected printer. Allows the number of copies to be specified. If a tune is long enough to span several pages and if the multiple pages option is set in Page Setup, a range of page numbers can be specified for print. Most Recently Used Files The filenames of the four most recently used files are in this section. Clicking on one of these filenames opens the file. Exit Exits Bagpipe Reader. Prompts are displayed to close any open files that have not been recently saved. Edit Menu Note: The Edit Menu commands only work in the Code Window. Make sure that you have clicked on a point inside the Code Window for these commands to work. Undo Reverses the last action performed. Cut, Delete Cut removes the current highlighted text and transfers it to the Clipboard. Delete removes the current highlighted text without transfering it to the Clipboard. Copy If the "Code Window" is selected, it transfers a copy of the current highlighted text to the Clipboard. If the "Music Window" is selected, it transfers a copy of the music to the Clipboard Site 62 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help for insertion into a file as an OLE object. For example, if you had an MS Word document open after a copy, a paste operation would insert a copy of the "Music Window" display into the document. Paste Inserts the contents of the Clipboard at the point where the flashing cursor is. Because of the repetition of bars and phrases in bagpipe music, Cut, Copy, Paste and Delete can be used to duplicate the codes for these bars and phrases from one part to the next OR from one open tune window to another open tune window. Find Allows a text phrase to be located in the Code Window from the flashing cursor point downward. The function is useful in locating mis-spelled symbol names that Bagpipe Reader reports when a tune's Music Window is refreshed. Find Next Allows the next occurence of the text phrase to be located in the Code Window from the flashing cursor point downward. The function is useful in locating multiple occurences of mis-spelled symbol names that Bagpipe Reader reports when a tune's Music Window is refreshed. Replace Allows one text string to be replaced with another. The replacement operation can be done in two modes: user prompt before initiating the replacement or automatic replacement of all located text strings. The Replace function allows multiple occurences of a mis-spelled symbol to be replaced with the correct spelling of the symbol. Select All Highlights all text in the Code Window. Word Wrap Causes all the text to appear in the visible part of the Code Window. Configure Menu Set Font Note: This command only works on text items that have been selected (i.e. clicked on) in the Music Window. Allows the font, font style, point size and other effects to be modified for the selected text. In addition, the text type (e.g. Tune Title, Tune Type, Composer/Arranger, etc.) and text alignment (e.g. Left, Center, Right, Absolute) of the selected text to be modified. See the chapter on Text Formatting for details. Set Play Options Allows modification of gracenote durations, tempo, MIDI notes and frequencies for bagpipe chanter notes & drones, MIDI instrument to play out on, MIDI note Site 63 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help mappings (e.g. Low A at B flat, Low A at A natural, or User Defined), Smooth Playing Factors, Drone Introduction duration, and Moving Music Pointer. Also, includes Sound Tests for PC Speaker and MIDI Note. See chapter on Setting the Play Options for details. Volume Allows MIDI volume of chanter, tenor drone, and bass drone to be set from 0 to 100% in 10% increments. View Menu Toolbar Displays a toolbar for the common commands on the File and Edit menus just below the Top Level Menu Bar. This toolbar is dockable, i.e. can be moved to a different location on the screen. Status Bar Displays a status line at the bottom of the screen. Set Tab Stops Sets the location that tabs will jump to (i.e. if set to 8, tabs will jump to the 8th, 16th, 24th, etc. character locations in the Code Window). Refresh Music Converts the codes in the Code Window into bagpipe music in the Music Window. There is a Refresh Music icon to the left of the Zoom combo box that does the same operation. Player Menu Note: Player menu commands work as follows: If music has been selected in the current Music Window, the Player commands work on the selected music. Music can be selected by dragging a box around the particular music passage or by clicking in the left margin next to a line of music (the music is then selected from that point forward). Selected music appears in a different colour (default is red). If music has not been selected in the current Music Window, the Player commands work on all music in the Music Window. Each of these player menu commands has a corresponding VCR controls style icon. Play Plays the music on the sound device shown in the MIDI Device list box. Site 64 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help Continuous Repeatedly plays the music on the sound device shown in the MIDI Device list box. Stop Pauses the playing at the point in the music this menu choice was selected. Selecting Play resumes playing of the music from the paused point. Rewind Resets the playing start point to the beginning of the selected music or the beginning of the music in the Music Window. Window Menu Note: Bagpipe Reader conforms to the Windows Multiple Document Interface. This means that multiple tunes can be opened up, each in their own window, and worked on at the same time. Also, codes from one tune's Code Window can be copied to the Clipboard and then inserted into the Code Window of another opened tune. Cascade Arranges the open windows in an overladen fashion, with just the title bar of each tune's window visible. Tile Arranges the open windows so that each window is visible. Arrange Icons If each open window is minimized, arranges the minimized windows along the bottom of the screen. Open Windows This section of the Window Menu lists the title bar of each open window. By clicking on the appropriate name, that tune's window is brought to the front. Help Menu Help Topics Displays the various Help Topics for Bagpipe Reader. About Bagpipe Reader Displays identifying information and acknowledgements for Bagpipe Reader. Site 65 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help Formatting the Page T he strength of the DOS version of Bagpipe Reader was the high quality of its printed music. It was used to produce twelve professional pipe music collections. Bagpipe Reader continues this tradition and adds more options for laying out one or more tunes on a printed page(s). These options are included not just for composers who want to produce a collection of pipe music but also for pipers who want their personal music or band music to look as good as that found in collections. This chapter explains the various parameters that can be adjusted to give your music the desired look. The Page Setup Screen Page Layout Paper Orientation Margins Spread Tune to Fit Scale Options Justify Buttons Page Layout Graphic of Page Shows how the page layout will look. As you change the orientation options, the page layout example changes. Paper Size Source Specifies the size of the paper or envelope you want to use.. Site 66 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help Specifies where the paper you want to use is located in the printer. Different printer models support different paper sources, such as the upper tray, envelope feed, and manual feed. Orientation Portrait Landscape Shows how the tune is positioned on the page. To see an example on the sample page, click Portrait or Landscape. Shows how the tune is positioned on the page. To see an example on the sample page, click Portrait or Landscape. Margins Left Right Top Bottom Sets the printing area of the page. The margins you set here are never printed on. This specifies the left edge margin on the page. Note that this margin value is assigned the top edge value when changing from portrait to landscape. Sets the printing area of the page. The margins you set here are never printed on. This specifies the right edge margin on the page. Note that this margin value is assigned the bottom edge value when changing from portrait to landscape. Sets the printing area of the page. The margins you set here are never printed on. This specifies the top edge margin on the page. Note that this margin value gets assigned the right edge value when changing from portrait to Site 67 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help landscape. Sets the printing area of the page. The margins you set here are never printed on. This specifies the bottom edge margin on the page. Note that this margin value gets assigned the left edge value when changing from portrait to landscape. Spread Tune to Fit Horizontally Vertically Align Bars Space Adjusts the staff width to fit between the left and right margins for a given page size. Adjusts the vertical spacing between staffs to fit the music evenly between the top and bottom margins for a given page size. This setting only works if "To Fit Print Area" in Scale Options is selected. Enables bars of music to be vertically aligned across staffs i.e. Bar 1 of Line 1 is vertically aligned with Bar 1 of Line 2, 3, 4 etc. Alignment begins with bars on the right side of the staff and proceeds leftward. The width of each bar is based on the bar widths in Line 1. Allows the horizontal spacing between melody notes to be adjusted from its automatically calculated value (which is 100%). Decreasing the percentage will push the melody notes closer together. Increasing the percentage will push the melody notes further apart. Generally, this value should be decreased from 100% for dense tunes (i.e. many symbols on a staff). Scale Options To Fit Print Area Multiple Pages X Scale Symbols Y Scale Symbols Site 68 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help Staff Height Scales the music horizontally and vertically to fit on the selected page between the set margins for the selected paper size. Allows the music to span across multiple pages. This option should be selected when printing piobaireachd or many tunes of a medley on small paper sizes (to avoid very small music rendering). Allows the horizontal width of the music symbols to be adjusted from their automatically calculated values (which is 100%). Decreasing the percentage "squishes" the symbols horizontally. Increasing the percentage expands the symbols horizontally. Generally, this value should be decreased from 100% for dense tunes (i.e. many symbols on a staff). Allows the vertical height of the music symbols and the staff to be adjusted from their automatically calculated values (which is 100%). Decreasing the percentage "squishes" the symbols and staff vertically. Increasing the percentage expands the symbols and staff vertically. Generally, this value should be increased from 100% to make the music appear larger. Allows the staff height to be set to a particular value in inches. The default value is 0.25". This setting is used when preparing tunes for pipe music collections to ensure that the music is presented on staffs of the same height. If the staff height is set to zero (0), Bagpipe Reader automatically calculates the staff height based on the other page setup parameters. This will cause music with not many symbols and staffs to be printed quite large. This is appropriate when printing music for children and for people with reduced vision, where the need to show large embellishments and melody notes is desired. However, a zero setting for staff height will also cause music with many symbols and staffs to be printed quite small. Making the music print larger in this situation involves adjustments to each of the Spacing, X Scale Symbols, and Y Scale Symbols percentages and requires experimentation to find the right set of values for a tune. It is generally recommended to use a fixed staff height and then to adjust the Spacing and X Scale Symbol percentages to fit the music between the left and right margins. Justify Left Right Center Site 69 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help These options are seldom used and only work when "Spread Tune to Fit Horizontally" is not enabled. It is used to left align a segment of music on the page between the margins. These options are seldom used and only work when "Spread Tune to Fit Horizontally" is not enabled. It is used to right align a segment of music on the page between the margins. These options are seldom used and only work when "Spread Tune to Fit Horizontally" is not enabled. It is used to center a segment of music on the page between the margins. Buttons OK Cancel Printer.. Closes this dialog box and saves any changes you have made. Closes this dialog box wihout saving any changes you have made. Enables you to change printer options. Placing & Formating Text B agpipe Reader has a variety of text placement and formating options needed for typesetting both light music and piobaireachd. This chapter illustrates these options and provides information on how to use them to the best effect. Site 70 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help The Set Font Screen More: Font Font Style Size Strikeout Underline Sample Color Text Tags Text Text Type Alignment and Coordinates Lists the available fonts. Lists the available styles for the specified fonts. Site 71 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help List the available point sizes for the specified fonts. The size (in points. There are 72 points to 1 inch) to render the font and its style. The combo box lists several choices however a number can be typed into the field to render the font and its style at that specific size. Specifies whether the font should appear with strikeout effects Specifies whether the font should appear with underline effects. Shows a sample of how text will appear with the specified font settings. Lists the available colors for the specified font. A listing of various colors that the font and its style will be rendered in. Colors will only be shown on color printers; images created using Save As Image appear in black and white only. Text Tags Bagpipe Reader uses "Text Tags" to contain text strings and placement and formating information. They are inserted into the Code Window and made visible in the Music Window using the following steps: Click the left mouse button in the Code Window at the location to insert the Text Tag. Click the right mouse button. Select Text then the appropriate Text Type. Click on the Refresh button to make the formatted and placed text appear in the Music Window. Once inserted and made visible in the Music Window, the formating and placement of the Text Tag can be modified as follows: In the Music Window, locate the appropriate text item and click on it with the left mouse button. A box will be drawn around the item. Click on Configure, Set Font to bring up the placement and formating dialog box. Text Tags are identifiable in the Code Window as a text string starting and ending with a double quote character (") followed by formatting codes starting with the opening round bracket "(" and ending with the closing round bracket ")" e.g. "Scotland The Brave",(T,L,0,0,Times New Roman,16,700,0,0,18,0,0,0) Generally, Text Tags are placed before the beginning of the codes for the music, except for In-Line Site 72 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help Text Tags. Note: Any Text Tags can be deleted from the Code Window without consequence i.e. the tune still can be printed and played with no Text Tags used. A listing of the installed TrueType fonts (work on any printer) as well as the printer specific fonts (work on only the currently selected printer). The actual text. It can be modified by changing the contents in this field. Text Type The categories of typical bagpipe music text types. The following is an explanation of each type. Tune Title The name of the tune. Tune Type The type of music e.g. March, Reel, Jig, etc. This field is used to determine the default tune tempo, if no tempo indicator is specified. march – 84 BPM reel – 98 BPM jig – 132 BPM retreat march – 94 BPM slow air – 46 BPM gaelic air – 46 BPM slow march – 46 BPM strathspey – 130 BPM hornpipe – 94 BPM air – 46 BPM Composer The name of the composer. The name of the arranger can be placed in this field however it should be preceeded by "Arranged By: ". Footer Text that appears at the bottom of each page. Fixed Text that appears at an exact location horizontal and vertical location (x,y), in inches, on each page. The coordinate (0,0) is the top left of the page. In-Line Site 73 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help Text that appears between two staff lines and is placed above and left aligned with the left edge of the music symbol that follows this Text Tag. In-Line text is frequently used in piobaireachd e.g. Ground, Variation 1, Taorluath Doubling, etc. Comment Text that appears in the Code Window but does not appear in the Music Window or on the printed sheet. The Comment text tag does not appear in the Set Font Dialog Box (because the text does not appear in the Music Window) but does appear on the Right Mouse Button Menus. Comments are used to provide descriptions about the music passages e.g. "First Part", "Third Part", etc. The horizontal alignment of the text: Left, Center, Right, or Absolute aligned. More: Left Right Center Absolute Coordinates Coordinates Y Alignment Examples Left aligned means with aligned with the Left Margin Right aligned means aligned with the Right Margin Center aligned means centered in the printable area between the left and right margins Absolute aligned means located at a given point on the page Coordinates are in inches, apply only to Absolute alignment, and are referenced from the left edge and top edge of the page. Coordinates are in inches, apply only to Absolute alignment, and are referenced from the left edge and top edge of the page. Alignment Examples The following table shows the horizontal alignments that can be applied to each Text Type. Site 74 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help Left Tune Title Tune Type Composer Footer Fixed In-Line Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes** Center Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Right Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Absolute No No No No Yes* No * Fixed text is left aligned with the "From Left" position on the page. ** In-Line text is left aligned with the left edge of the symbol following the Text Tag. Vertical alignment of the various Text Types is as follows: Tune Title, Tune Type and Composer are all vertically aligned on a baseline such that the top of the tallest character in the three strings touches the top margin. Footer is vertically aligned such that the baseline for its text touches the bottom margin. Fixed text is vertically aligned so that the top of the tallest character in the string touches the "From Top" line given in the coordinates. In-Line text is vertically aligned between two staffs. Placement of In-Line Text The following example illustrates how In-Line text can be placed over any symbol on the staff. Note how the phrase "I. Ground" is left aligned over the G clef and how "podro" is left aligned over the C eighth note. I. Ground podro "I. Ground",(I,L,0,0,Times New Roman,12,700,0,0,18,0,0,0) & sharpf sharpc C I!gg E_4 'e podro "podro",(I,L,0,0,Times New Roman,10,700,255,0,18,0,0,0) C_8 gg B_4 pdare F_4 !I Site 75 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help Adjusting Playing Options W hile producing publication printed output, Bagpipe Reader also produces high quality playing of both light music and piobaireachd. As discussed earlier, with the right type of sound card, tunes can be played using a professional piper quality bagpipe sound. This chapter explains how to adjust various playing parameters to make the performance as good as the sound. The Play Options Screen Note that the values shown on these screens are saved with the tune. This allows each tune to have its own custom playing options. More: General Settings Section Midi Note Mapping Section Note Mapping Defaults Section Drone Settings Sound Test Section Site 76 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help General Settings Section Gracenote Duration The duration in milliseconds of a single gracenote or gracenotes in embellishments in light music. Tempo The beats per minute for a tune. This value adjusts the tempo in the first TuneTempo tag encountered in the tune. Smooth Playing Factor A The percentage of an embellishments duration that is subtracted from the melody note that follows an embellishment. This parameter is used to smooth out stilted playing in light music and some piobaireachd embellishments. A value of 100 causes the total duration of an embellishment to be subtracted from the melody note that follows it. Tunes are played exactly in time but may sound a bit stilted at faster tempos. A value of 0 causes none of the total duration of an embellishment to be subtracted from the melody note that follows it. Each embellishment and melody note is played to its full duration but the tempo of the tune speeds up in passages with not many embellishments and slows down in passages with several embellishments. A value of between 60 and 70 generally achieves a good flow to the tune without noticeably changing the tempo. Smooth Playing Factor B The percentage of an embellishments duration that is subtracted from the melody note that precedes an embellishment. This parameter is used specifically to smooth out stilted playing only for piobaireachd abbreviations for leumluaths, taorluaths, and crunluaths. A value of 100 causes the total duration of the embellishment to be subtracted from the melody note that precedes it. Tunes are played exactly in time but may sound a bit clipped. A value of 0 causes none of the total duration of an embellishment to be subtracted from the melody note that precedes it. Each embellishment and melody note is played to its full duration but the tempo of the tune wanders if non-leumluath, taorluath or crunluath embellishments are in the music passage. A value of between 60 and 70 generally achieves a good flow to the tune without noticeably changing the tempo. Drone Introduction The duration (milliseconds) the drone notes are played before the chanter notes begin. Moving Music Pointer Enables a small colored ball to hover over the note or embellishment that is currently being played. Enabling the Moving Music Pointer and reducing the tempo Site 77 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help is helpful for beginners to match the displayed music with the sound being emitted. Midi Note Mapping Section A matrix of Midi notes for each note of the chanter with its flat, natural, and sharp sounds. These values will change depending on the Note Mapping Default chosen. Note Mapping Defaults Section Low A at B flat Clicking this SET button causes the values in the Midi Note Mapping Section to change to values based upon Low A Natural at a B flat pitch of 466 Hz. Low A at A natural Clicking this SET button causes the values in the Midi Note Mapping Section to change to values based upon Low A Natural at an A natural pitch of 440 Hz. User Defined Clicking this SET button causes the values in the Midi Note Mapping Section to change to values programmed in by the user. See the section below on "Programming User Defined Values" for details on how to program your own values for Midi notes and frequency values. Drone Settings Chanter Instrument The Midi Instrument number for the Chanter's Midi notes to be played on. The numbers begin at 0 and end at 127. The number for the Bagpipe is 109 however on most sound cards this results in a very poor imitiation of a bagpipe sound. Bagpipe Reader defaults to instrument 71 (Clarinet) which produces a sound similar to a small pipe. Other value to try are 70 and 111. Drone Instrument The Midi Instrument number for the Drone's Midi notes to be played on. The numbers begin at 0 and end at 127. The number for the Bagpipe is 109 however on most sound cards this results in a very poor imitiation of a bagpipe sound. Bagpipe Reader defaults to instrument 71 (Clarinet) which produces a sound similar to a small pipe. Other value to try are 70 and 111. The Drone Instrument can be different from the Chanter Instrument number. Bass Drone Note The Midi note for the Bass Drone sound. This should be set two octaves (24 Midi Site 78 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help notes) below the Low A natural Midi note. Tenor Drone Note The Midi note for the Tenor Drone sound. This should be set one octave (12 Midi notes) below the Low A natural Midi note. Sound Test Section PC Speaker Clicking the Test button emits a sound from the PC Speaker at the given frequency value. The value can be adjusted to determine which frequencies match the notes on your practise chanter. Once determined, these values can be programmed into the User Defined Settings. MIDI Note Clicking the Test button emits a sound from the Sound Card at the given Midi note. Frequency Mappings Button Clicking this button brings up the dialog box on the following page. The frequency settings (in Hz) can be modified for each note on the chanter and its flat, natural, and sharp sounds. Clicking OK preserves these settings. Gracenote Durations Button Clicking this button brings up the dialog box on the following page. It is used to adjust the durations of the various gracenotes used in light music and piobaireachd. Clicking OK preserves these settings. A table of the categories, their description and default values is given below. Programming User Defined Values Clicking the User Defined button (next to the Cancel button) stores the Midi Note Mappings (including Bass and Tenor Drone Notes) and Frequency Mappings in a User Defined Profile section. This profile can be recalled by pressing the Set User Defined button in the Note Mapping Defaults section. Note: If you do not want to use the F sharp and C sharp symbols in printed music but want the F and C to produce their proper bagpipe note sound when playing, copy the values from the C sharp and F sharp fields in the C natural and F natural fields, respectively, then program this setting by pressing the User Defined button. Saving the tune will also save these settings in the tune file. However, changing the MIDI notes in this manner is NOT recommended because it produces a nonstandard tune file. Site 79 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help Category Description Default Duration (ms) none Standard gracenote (light music) 20 * Extended length gracenote (light music) (used to "thicken" the sound of bottom hand embellishments like D throws, grips and taorluaths) 40 1 Standard gracenote (piobaireachd) 30 2 Extended length gracenote (piobaireachd) (used to "thicken" the sound of bottom hand embellishments like D throws, grips and taorluaths) 50 3 Standard 1/16th note gracenote in piobaireachd embellishments 100 4 Standard 1/8th note gracenote in piobaireachd embellishments 200 5 E or F 1/8th note gracenote in piobaireachd cadences 800 6 E or F 1/8th note gracenote with fermata in piobaireachd cadences 1200 7 E 1/16th note that is played after a leumluath in piobaireachd (only used in the playing of a leumluath abbreviation) 250 8 Low A 1/16th note that is played after a taorluath in piobaireachd (only used in the playing of a taorluath abbreviation) 250 9 E 1/16th note that is played after a crunluath in piobaireachd (only used in the playing of a crunluath abbreviation) 250 0 E 1/16th note that is played after a crunluath a mach in piobaireachd (only used in the playing of a crunluath a mach abbreviation) 500 ~ Reserved 200 Site 80 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help Special Features B agpipe Reader has several special features for printing and playing multiple tunes. The features are ideal for producing band sheet music, a professional bagpipe music collection, or listening to tune combinations for a new medley. Also, Bagpipe Reader's ability to handle multiple tempo and time signature changes in a tune (or tunes) makes it very appropriate for many contemporary compositions and piobaireachds. This chapter explains how to utilize these features to achieve profound printed and audible music effects. Working on More Than One Tune at a Time Bagpipe Reader supports the Multiple Document Interface which allows multiple documents (tunes) to be open at any one time. To accomplish this, just click File, Open and select the tune to open. Repeat these steps for as many tunes as you desire. To move between open windows, click Window on the Main Menu bar and then select the desired window. With multiple tunes open, codes for tunes can be easily copied from one tune to another. Printing More Than One Tune on a Page(s) As described above, open each tune that you want to place on a page(s) into a tune window. Change the File, Page Setup parameters in each tune to the same page layout settings. Use To Fit Print Area to compress the tunes onto a single page, otherwise select Multiple Pages. Click File, New to open a new tune window. In the Code Window, highlight the codes and press Delete to remove all codes from the window. For the first tune to appear on the page, highlight all the codes in its Code Window and press Ctrl-C to copy the codes. Change to the new tune's Code Windows and press Ctrl-V to paste the tune into the window. Change to the window for the second tune to appear and highlight and copy the contents of its Code Window. Change to the new tune's Code Window, & paste the second tune's codes following the first tune's codes. Site 81 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help Repeat the above step for as many tunes as you want to fit on a page(s). Save and print the multiple tune file. Object Linking and Embedding Bagpipe Reader is an Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) compliant application. This means that bagpipe music contained in BWW extension files can be linked or embedded in another application (such as Microsoft Office Word, Microsoft Office PowerPoint, Adobe Pagemaker, Corel Draw, etc.) using the Insert, Object menu command. Once linked or embedded, the bagpipe music will appear in that application. It can then be repositioned or resized. It can even be editted in place by double-clicking on the music. The OLE feature can be used to produce tutor books, exercise sheets, or even professional music collections, where more extensive text or graphics is desired to surround the music. The most appropriate testament to the power of this feature is this help file. The manual was prepared using Microsoft Office 2000 with all music segments inserted as BWW objects into the document. Note that the OLE capability of Bagpipe Reader only works with 32 bit Windows applications, not older 16 bit applications. Time Signature Changes in a Tune Time Signature changes can be placed anywhere in the music of a Bagpipe Reader file and will be correctly interpreted during playing. Tempo Changes in a Tune Tempo changes can be placed anywhere in the music of a Bagpipe Reader file using the TuneTempo,xx tag (where xx is the desired tempo in beats per minute). Singling and Doubling Tempo Changes The VariationTempo,(ss,dd) tag can be used to indicate a particular tempo (ss beats per minute) during the Singling variation and a different tempo (dd beats per minute) during the Doubling variation. The Variation must begin Site 82 of 83 Bagpipe Reader Help with a segno code and end with a dalsegno code. Using Bagpipe Reader Responsibly Bagpipe Reader was built for exchanging and sharing of musical ideas. Information was meant to be shared. In this spirit, please pass along this program to others so they might benefit from musical idea sharing. PDF created by Thanks Doug for this great program Site 83 of 83
