Organic chemistry is the study of compounds that contain CARBON

Organic chemistry is the study of compounds that contain CARBON

5.3 Organic Compounds
Which of the following compounds do you think are organic?
 vinegar
 gasoline
 olive oil
 acetone
 cork
 charcoal
 alcohol
 polyester
 wood
 propane
 wool
 plastic
 laundry detergent
 nylon
 paper
 rubber
 cotton
 nail polish
 Round-up weed
 motor oil
 leather
killer
All of the above compounds are organic!
Some inorganic compounds include:
 table salt
 all metals
 ionic compounds  metal alloys
 most “rocks”
 glass
 minerals
 concrete
 clay
I. What is Organic Chemistry?
Short answer: NOT
what the name
“organic” implies!
• Organic chemistry is the study of compounds
that contain CARBON.
• This means all organic compounds contain carbon!
• Almost all carbon-containing compounds are
organic
• This includes both natural and synthetic
(manmade) compounds
• Inorganic compounds generally DO NOT
contain carbon
Exceptions: CO, CO2, and compounds
containing CO3 are all inorganic
• Carbon:
– is very versatile due to its 4 valence electrons.
(allows for 4 bonds)
C
+
4H
H
H C H
H
– is usually bonded to H, O or other non-metals
– can bond with itself to form long chains of carbon atoms
(eg: petroleum & plastics)
• Organic compounds always have C before H in their
formulas (eg: CH4)
Summary: Carbon forms so many different compounds
that a whole branch of chemistry is dedicated to it!
II. Some Types of Organic
Compounds
Hydrocarbons
= Organic compounds that contain only C and H
atoms
polyethylene
•
•
C5000H10000
plastic
Hydrocarbons are flammable and many are used as fuels
See table 5.8 (page 247 in textbook) or page 96 in workbook
Question: Can C5000H10000 be reduced to CH2?
(divide both subscripts by 5000)
Answer:
No, because C5000H10000 is a covalent compound.
IONIC
Na1Cl1
Na2Cl2
Na5Cl5
Na50Cl50
Na100Cl100
These are
ALL correct
so we use the
most reduced
one, NaCl.
Subscripts can only be reduced in ionic
chemical formulas, because ionic
compounds are made up of a pattern of
atoms that repeat over and over in a crystal
lattice structure, so only the ratio of the
different atom types matters.
COVALENT
The material
is made up of
a bunch of
individual
CH4
molecules.
They’re NOT
C2H8
molecules or
C10H40
molecules,
and it would
be wrong to
call them
that.
But covalent chemical formulas can’t be
reduced because they represent an actual
molecule and the subscripts represent the
exact number of atoms in the molecule. If
you reduce the subscripts, you’re talking
about a different molecule!
Alcohols
= organic compounds that contain C, H and O atoms
•
All alcohols are poisonous and flammable
•
See table 5.9 (page 248 in textbook) or page 97 in workbook
III. Ways to Represent Organic Molecules
In your notes, represent CH4 with its molecular formula and
structural formula, and with the ball-and-stick model and
space-filling model.
Can you figure out which is which? See workbook p.95 for help.
Homework: 1) Text p.247 #1-5
2) Workbook Pages 98-99, 101