A Day in the Life of a Urine Sample

Transcription

A Day in the Life of a Urine Sample
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A Day in the Life of a
Urine Sample
David J. Kuntz, PhD, DABFT
Executive Director of Analytical Toxicology
Clinical Reference Laboratory
Lenexa, KS 66215
email |
[email protected]
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