david r. williams - Center for Visual Science
Transcription
david r. williams - Center for Visual Science
DAVID R. WILLIAMS Dean for Research of Arts, Science, & Engineering William G. Allyn Professor of Medical Optics 317 Lattimore Hall University of Rochester Rochester, New York 14627 Phone: 585-276-6070 Fax: 585-275-3480 Email: [email protected] Director, Center for Visual Science 274A Meliora Hall, P.O. Box 270268 University of Rochester 14627 Phone: +1 585 275-8672 Fax: +1 585 271-3043 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.cvs.rochester.edu/williamslab/ Married to Inger M. Williams, Ph.D. Children, Erika and Kristoffer. EDUCATION 1980 Postdoctoral Research Associate, Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ 1979 Ph.D., Department of Psychology, Univ. of California, San Diego 1976 M.A., Department of Psychology, Univ. of California, San Diego 1975 B.S., Department of Psychology, Denison University, Granville, OH PRIMARY APPOINTMENTS 2011 Dean for Research, University of Rochester’s School of Arts, Science & Engineering 2009-pres Professor, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester 1995-2009 Professor, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester 1991-pres Director, Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester. 1990-1995 Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Rochester 1984-1990 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Rochester 1981-1984 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Rochester JOINT APPOINTMENTS 2010-pres Chair of the JOV Editor-in-Chief Nominating Committee and a timeline for the Committee’s activities. 2009-2012 OSA Representative to the U.S. Advisory Committee to the International Commission for Optics 2009-pres Professor, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester 1 2001-pres 1997-1998 1997-pres 1988-2009 1981-pres Professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester Visiting Professor, Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Institute of Optics, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Rochester Center for Visual Science, College of Arts and Science, University of Rochester AWARDS AND FELLOWSHIPS 2012 ARVO Gold Fellow 2009 Robert M. Boynton Lecture, OSA Fall Vision Meeting, University of Washington 2009 Fellow, Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology 2008 Rochester Business Journal Health Care Achievement Award for Innovation 2007 Bressler Prize, Jewish Guild for the Blind 2007 Honorary Doctor of Science, The State University of New York, State College of Optometry 2006 Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science. 2006 Friedenwald Award, Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology. 2004 University of Rochester Center for Electronic Imaging Systems Technology Transfer Award. 2004 Archie Mahan Prize, Optical Society of America. 2003 Founders Award, Wavefront Congress, San Francisco, CA. 2003 R&D 100 Award for the MEMS-based Adaptive Optics Phoropter, given by R&D Magazine. 2001 Best of What's New Award in the Medical Technology category for the Zyoptix laser vision correction system. 2001 Honorary Doctor of Science, Denison University. 1998 Semifinalist for Discover Award for Technological Innovation. 1998 Tillyer Medal, Optical Society of America. 1997-pres William G. Allyn Professor of Medical Optics at the Institute of Optics, University of Rochester. 1997-98 John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Fellowship. 1992-pres Fellow, Optical Society of America. 1986 Distinguished Scientific Award for an Early Contribution to Psychology, American Psychological Association. 1985-1990 National Eye Institute Research and Career Development Award. 1987-1988 University of Rochester Mentor Award, for excellence in teaching, research, and service to the University. 1979-1980 Bell Laboratories Postdoctoral Fellowship. 1976-1979 National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship. 1977 Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Travel Fellowship. 1974 Psychology Student Fellow, Denison University. 2 LEADERSHIP POSITIONS 2011 Dean for Research, University of Rochester’s School of Arts, Science & Engineering 2010 Member, Organization Committee of EOS, for the 5th European Meeting on Visual and Physiological Optics 2010 Member, Search Committee for the Director, Institute of Optics 2010 Member, Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation External Grant Committee 2010-pres Advisory Editor, Biomedical Optics Express 2003-pres Lead Investigator, Adaptive Optics Instrumentation for Advanced Ophthalmic Imaging, a National Eye Institute Bioengineering Research Partnership, PAR 02-010 2001-pres Editorial Board and reviewer, Journal of Vision 2000-2007 Associate Director, Vision Science, National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center for Adaptive Optics, UC, Santa Cruz. 1991-pres Director, Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester. 1988-1991 Associate Director, Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester. The Center for Visual Science is an interdisciplinary program consisting of 29 faculty from the departments of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Neurology, Optics, and Ophthalmology. See website at http://www.cvs.rochester.edu/. LEADERSHIP POSITIONS IN PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES Optical Society of America: 2011-2013 Member, 2012 Distinguished Service Award Committee 1997-1998 Chair, Societal Objectives and Planning Committee 1996-1998 Director-at-large, Board of Directors. 1988-1990 Chair, Vision and Medical Optics Division. 1988-1989 Chair, Color Technical Group, Vice-Chair, 1986-1987. Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology: 2012 ARVO Gold Fellow 2011-2013 Chair, ARVO Finance Committee 2009-pres Member, Board of Trustees 1989 Chair, Visual Psychophysics Program Committee, 1989. 1986-1989 Member, Visual Psychophysics Program Committee, 1986-1989. GRANTS AND CONTRACTS Federal: 1982-1985 1984-1987 National Eye Institute Research Grant, R01 EY04367, "Retinal Mechanisms and Visual Resolution", Total Costs: $275,000. United States Air Force Grant, AFOSR-85-0019, "Peripheral Limitations on Spatial Vision", Total Costs: $461,738. 3 1985-1990 1985-1990 1987-1991 1990-1995 1992-1995 1995-1998 1995-2001 2002-2006 2008-2013 2010 National Eye Institute Research Grant, R01 EY04367, "Retinal Mechanisms and Visual Resolution", Total Costs: $450,000. National Eye Institute Research and Career Development Award, K04 EYO0269, Total Costs: $225,000. United States Air Force Grant, AFOSR-88-0292, "Peripheral Limitations on Spatial Vision", Total Costs: $380,962. National Eye Institute Research Grant, R01 EY04367, "Retinal Mechanisms and Visual Resolution", Total Costs: $935,000. National Eye Institute Research Grant, R01 EY09625, "Topography of Primate Cone Classes", Total Costs: $365,000. National Eye Institute Research Grant, R01 EY09625, "Topography of Primate Cone Classes" Total Costs: $410,036. National Eye Institute Research Grant, R01 EY04367, "Retinal Mechanisms and Visual Resolution", Total Costs: $1,354,644. National Eye Institute Research Grant, R01 EY04367, "Retinal Mechanisms and Visual Resolution", Total Costs: $1,555,021. National Eye Institute Research Grant, R01 EY04367, "Retinal Mechanisms and Visual Resolution", Total Costs: $358,132. National Eye Institute Research Grant, R01 EY04367-SI, “Retinal Mechanisms and Visual Resolution”, Total Costs: $172,000. Shared Federal: 1993-1998 National Eye Institute Grant, P30 EY1319, "Core Grant for Vision Research", David Williams, PI, Total Costs: $1,428,701. 1998-2003 National Eye Institute Grant, P30 EY1319, "Core Grant for Vision Research", David Williams, PI, Total Costs: $2,106,983. 2003-2008 National Eye Institute Grant, P30 EY1319, "Core Grant for Vision Research", David Williams, PI, Total Costs: $3,289,652. 2008-2013 National Eye Institute Grant, P30 EY1319, "Core Grant for Vision Research", David Williams, PI, Total Costs: $2,845,337. 2001-2003 DOE (Department of Engineering), “High-Resolution Ophthalmic Imaging Systems”, Scot Olivier, PI. David Williams, Co-PI. Total costs $346,888. 1999-2004 National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center, “Center for Adaptive Optics”, Jerry Nelson, PI. David Williams, Associate Director. Total costs to Center: $20M. Total costs to Williams’ laboratory per year: $200,000. 2004-2009 National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center, “Center for Adaptive Optics”, Jerry Nelson, PI. David Williams, Associate Director. Total costs to Center: $20M. Total costs to Williams’ laboratory per year: $200,000. 2004-2009 NEI Training Grant, T 32 EY07125, "Training in Visual Science", David Knill, PI, $411,719 per year. 2003-2008 National Eye Institute Bioengineering Research Partnership, "Adaptive Optics Instrumentation for Advanced Ophthalmic Imaging", Total costs: $9,881,821. David Williams, PI. 4 2008-2013 2010 2010-2012 2011-2014 National Eye Institute Bioengineering Research Partnership, "Adaptive Optics Instrumentation for Advanced Ophthalmic Imaging", Total costs: $5M. David Williams, PI. SBIR, Phase I, “2 Photon Imaging with AO”, Total costs: $50,000 NIH – R21, “Developing models for studying how tobacco smoke contributes to AMD pathogenesis”, Total costs: $6,000 NIH, “Functional Imaging of Ganglion Cells in the Living Mammalian Eye”, Total costs: $1,968,454 Corporate: 1994-1995 Rochester Eye and Human Parts Bank, “Recovery of Retinal Image Quality Following Corneal Transplantation”, Total Costs: $9,000, PI, Junzhong Liang. 1997-1998 Bausch and Lomb, “Wavefront Sensor for the Human Eye”, Total Costs: $39,500. 1998-1999 Bausch and Lomb, “The Increase in Visual Performance Expected with Supercorrecting Contact Lenses”, Total Costs: $66,700 plus NYSSTF matching funds, Center for Electronic Imaging, $45,000. 1999-2000 Bausch and Lomb, “Advanced Vision Correction and Wavefront Sensing”, Total costs: $267,728 plus NYSSTF matching funds, Center for Electronic Imaging, $45,000. 2000-2005 Bausch and Lomb, “Vision Alliance" "Advanced Vision Correction and Wavefront Sensing”, Total costs: $200,000 plus NYSSTAR matching funds, Center for Electronic Imaging, $40,000. 2006-2011 Bausch and Lomb, “Vision Alliance”, Project in collaboration with Bill Merigan: Total costs: $240,652 per year, reviewed annually. 2006-2011 Bausch and Lomb, “Vision Alliance”, Project in collaboration with Mina Chung: Total costs: $157,429 per year, reviewed annually. 2008 Qioptiq, “Structure illumination imaging for lateral superresolution and axial optical sectioning”. Shared with Jim Fienup, Total costs, $42,000 plus NYSSTAR matching funds, Center for Electronic Imaging, $42,000 Private Foundations: 2001-2004 Steinbach Foundation, “High-resolution Imaging of Patients with Agerelated Macular Degeneration", Total costs: $90,910 per year. 2009-2010 Lowy Foundation, “AO Imaging of Early Macular Telangiectasia”, Total costs: $148,000 UNDERGRADUATE COURSES TAUGHT Sensation and Perception. A one semester survey of the human senses including vision, hearing, touch, taste, smell, proprioception, and balance. Perception and Action. A course that evolved from Sensation and Perception but also addresses sensori-motor coordination and perceptual control of motor behavior. Perception Laboratory. A one-semester lab course that follows Sensation and Perception 5 GRADUATE COURSES TAUGHT Spatial Vision. Optical, retinal, and cortical limits on human spatial vision. Principles of Eye Design. Diversity of imaging systems in nature. Factors controlling the evolution of simple and compound eyes. Physiological Optics. Optics of the human eye and implications for visual performance Instrumentation and Methods for Vision Research. Covers psychophysical methods, optics systems for the eye, radiometry, photometry, colorimetry, display technology such as CRTs, eye movement recording, single unit recording, optical imaging of neural activity, FMRI. Color Vision. Trichromacy, color matching, colorimetry, color discrimination and appearance, opponent color theory, photometry, color constancy. CONTRIBUTED PRESENTATIONS AT PROFESSIONAL MEETINGS 1. Williams, D.R., MacLeod, D.I.A. Interchangeable backgrounds for cone afterimages. Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, 1977. 2. Williams, D.R. Foveal cones often disobey the anterior pointing hypothesis. Optical Society of America, San Francisco, 1978. 3. Williams, D.R., MacLeod, D.I.A., Hayhoe, M.M. Distribution of blue-sensitive cones in the fovea. Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, l978. 4. Hayhoe, M.M., Williams, D.R. Suppression of signals from retinal regions shadowed by the head. Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, 1980. 5. Krauskopf, J., Heeley, D.W., Williams, D.R. Computer controlled color mixer with laser primaries. Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, 1980. 6. Williams, D.R., Krauskopf, J., Heeley, D.W. In search of the cardinal directions in color space. Optical Society of America, Chicago, 1980. 7. Krauskopf, J., Williams, D.R. Temporal frequency response of chromatic and luminance mechanisms. Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, 1981. 8. Williams, D.R., Collier, R.J. Detection of high frequency gratings by the bluesensitive mechanism. Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, 1982. 9. Krauskopf, J., Brown, A., Williams, D.R. Discrimination and detection of chromatic variation. Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, 1983. 10. Williams, D.R. Detection of high frequency gratings with an improved laser interferometer. Optical Society of America, New Orleans, 1983. 6 11. Williams, D.R., D'Zmura, M., Lennie, P. New interferometric estimate of neural contrast sensitivity. Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, 1984. 12. Williams, D.R. Aliasing in human vision. Center for Visual Science, Symposium on Spatial Vision, University of Rochester, 1984. 13. Williams, D.R. Topography of the foveal cone mosaic. Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, 1985. 14. MacLeod, D.I.A., Williams, D.R., Makous, W. Difference frequency gratings above the resolution limit. Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, 1985. 15. Makous, W., MacLeod, D.I.A., Williams, D.R. Nonlinear transformation in human vision. Optical Society of America, Washington, DC, 1985. 16. Williams, D.R., Coletta, N.J., Korte, R. Extrafoveal grating resolution and sampling theory. Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, 1986 17. Coletta, N., Williams, D.R. Psychophysical estimate of parafoveal cone spacing. Optical Society of America, Seattle, 1986. 18. Williams, D.R. Seeing through the photoreceptor mosaic. Interdisciplinary Conference, Whistler, British Columbia, 1986. 19. Hayhoe, M.M., Williams, D.R. Spatial frequency dependence of the color of monochromatic light. Optical Society of America, Rochester, NY, 1987. 20. Williams, D.R. Photoreceptor sampling and aliasing in the human retina. Optical Society of America, Rochester, NY, 1987. 21. Coletta, N.J., Williams, D.R. Motion reversal in peripheral retina. Optical Society of America, Rochester, NY, 1987. 22. Coletta, N.J., Williams, D.R. Undersampling by cones reverses perceived direction of motion. Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Sarasota, FL, 1987. 23. Williams, D.R. Peripheral limitations on spatial vision. Review of AFOSR Program, Visual Information Processing, Annapolis, MD, 1987. 24. Chen, B., Makous, W., Williams, D.R. Serial spatial filters in vision. Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Sarasota, FL, 1988. 25. Hayhoe, M.M., Williams, D.R., Chen, B. Spatial frequency affects color appearance of monochromatic gratings. Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Sarasota, FL, 1988. 7 26. Chen, B., Makous, W., Williams, D.R. A nonlinearity localized in the outer plexiform layer. Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Sarasota, FL, 1989. 27. Packer, O., Williams, D.R., Sekiguchi, N., Coletta, N.J., Galvin, S. Effect of chromatic adaptation on foveal acuity and aliasing. Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Sarasota, FL, 1989. 28. Lennie, P., Haake, P.W., Williams, D.R. Chromatic opponency through random connections to cones. Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Sarasota, FL, 1989. 29. Lennie, P., Haake, P.W., Williams, D.R. Chromatic opponency through indiscriminate connections to cones. Optical Society of America, Orlando, Fla., October 1989. 30. Packer, O., Williams, D.R. Eye movements and visual resolution. Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Sarasota, FL, April 1990. 31. Koh, K., Lennie, P., Williams, D.R. Mechanisms of adaptation to chromatic fringes. Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Sarasota, FL, April 1990. 32. Williams, D.R., Sekiguchi, N, Packer, O. Spatial aliasing by chromatic mechanisms. Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Sarasota, FL, April 1990. 33. Sekiguchi, N., Packer, O., Williams, D.R. Spatial sampling by chromatic mechanisms in human vision. Society for Photographic Science and Engineering, Rochester, NY, 1990. 34. Packer, O., Williams, D.R. Do eye movements affect visual resolution? Society for Photographic Science and Engineering, Rochester, NY, 1990. 35. Sekiguchi, N., Williams, D.R., Brainard, D.H. Foveal resolution limit for chromatic interference fringes. Optical Society of America annual meeting, San Jose, California, November 3-8, 1991. 36. Navarro, R., Artal, P., Williams, D.R. Optical quality of the human eye across the visual field. Ophthalmic and Visual Optics, OSA meeting, Santa Fe, New Mexico, January 28-30, 1992. 37. Sekiguchi, N., Williams, D.R., Brainard, D.H. Contrast sensitivity for isoluminant and isochromatic interference fringes. Advances in Color Vision, OSA meeting, Irvine, California, January 31-February 1, 1992. 38. Brainard, D.H., Williams, D.R. Spatial reconstruction of signals from shortwavelength cones. Advances in Color Vision, OSA meeting, Irvine, California, January 31-February 1, 1992. 8 39. Artal, P. Navarro, R. Brainard, D., Galvin, S., Williams, D. Off-axis optical quality of the eye and retinal sampling. ARVO, May 3-8, 1992. 40. Brainard, D., Williams, D., Sekiguchi, N. Supra-Nyquist resolution in the extrafovea? ARVO, May 3-8, 1992. 41. Brainard, D.H., Williams, D.R. Bayes estimator for reconstruction from samples. ARVO, May 1993. 42. Galvin, S.J., Williams, D.R., Coletta, N.J. Two-stage spatial sampling model predicts motion reversal effects. ARVO, May 1993. 43. Sekiguchi, N., Williams, D.R., Brainard, D.H. Neural limits on isoluminant and isochromatic contrast sensitivity. ARVO, May 1993. 44. O'Shea, R.P., Williams, D.R. (1993) Binocular rivalry with stimuli visible only to short-wavelength-sensitive cones. Internat’l. J. Neurosci., 71, 124-125. 45. Sekiguchi, N., Williams, D.R., Brainard, D.H. Neural limits on human spatial contrast sensitivity. Frontiers in Information Optics Conference, Kyoto, Japan, April 1994. 46. Packer, O., Williams, D.R., Bensinger, D. Photopigment transmission imaging of the primate photoreceptor mosaic. The John Dalton Conference, Manchester, UK, September, 1994. 47. Liang, J., Williams, D.R. Measurement of the wave aberrations of human eyes with a lens array wavefront sensor. Imaging Science and Technology Conference, Rochester, NY, May, 1994. 48. Packer, O., Bensinger, D.G., Williams, D.R. In vitro angular tuning of single primate rods and cones and the Stiles-Crawford effect. ARVO, May, 1994. 49. Miller, D.T., Williams, D.R., Morris, G.M. Images of the photoreceptor mosaic in the living human eye. Optical Society of America Annual Meeting, Dallas, TX, October, 1994 50. Liang, J., Williams, D.R. Effect of higher order aberrations on image quality in the human eye. Vision Science and its Applications, Vol. 1, 1995 OSA Technical Digest Series (Optical Society of America, Washington, D.C., 1995), pp. 70-73. 51. Williams, D.R., Miller, D., Morris, G.M. Images of the cone mosaic in the living human eye. Vision Science and its Applications, Vol. 1, 1995 OSA Technical Digest Series (Optical Society of America, Washington, D.C., 1995), 98-101. 9 52. Miller, D.T., Williams, D.R., Morris, G.M., Liang, J. (1995) Images of cone photoreceptors in the living human eye, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. Suppl. 36, 8188. 53. Liang, J., Williams, D.R. (1995) New objective measurements of the wave aberrations of the human eye. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. Suppl. 36, 8188. 54. McMahon, M.J., Lankheet, M., Lennie, P., Williams, D.R. (1995) Fine structure of P-cell receptive fields in the fovea revealed by laser interferometry. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. Suppl. 36, 84. 55. Williams, D.R., Liang, J. Adaptive Optics for High Resolution Retinal Imaging. Investigative Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, April 1996. 56. Packer, O.S., Williams, D.R. (1996) Axial Absorptances of Individual Primate Photoreceptors. Investigative Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, April 1996. 57. Liang, J., Williams, D.R., Miller, D.T. Adaptive Optics for Correcting the Wave Aberration of the Eye. OSA Annual Meeting & Exhibit, Optics & Imaging in the Information Age, Rochester, NY, October 1996. 58. Packer, O.S., Williams, D.R. The Quantum Efficiency and Directional Sensitivity in Peripheral Primate Photoreceptor Mosaic. OSA Annual Meeting & Exhibit, Optics & Imaging in the Information Age, Rochester, NY, October 1996. 59. Packer, O., Williams, D.R. Angular Tuning of Single Primate Photoreceptors and the Stiles-Crawford Effect. The Jay M. Enoch Vision Science Meeting, School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, April 1996. 60. Liang, J., Williams, D.R., Miller, D. Adaptive Optics for High Resolution Retinal Imaging. The Jay M. Enoch Vision Science Meeting, School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, April 1996. 61. Liang, J., Williams, D.R. Adaptive Optics for High-Resolution Imaging of the Living Human Retina. Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, Anaheim, California, June 1996. 62. Liang, J., Williams, D.R., Miller, D.T. High resolution imaging of the living human retina with adaptive optics. Investigative Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, April 1997. 63. Roorda, A., Williams, D.R. Spectrally and spatially resolved imaged of the human cone mosaic, Optical Society of America, Long Beach, California, October, 1997. 64. Hofer, H.J., Williams, D.R. Dynamics of the eye’s wave aberration, Optical Society of America Annual Meeting, Baltimore, MD. 10/98. 10 65. Roorda, A., Williams, D.R. The arrangement of the three cone classes in the living human eye, Optical Society of America Annual Meeting, Baltimore, MD. 10/98. 66. Hofer, H.J., Porter, J., Williams, D.R. Dynamic measurement of the wave aberration of the human eye [ARVO Abstract]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1998; 39(4): S203. Abstract nr 955. 67. Roorda, A., Williams, D.R. Objective identification of M and L cones in the living human eye [ARVO Abstract]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1998; 39(4): S204. Abstract nr 957. 68. Roorda, A., Williams, D.R. The arrangement of the three cone classes in the living human eye, Optical Society of America Annual Meeting, Baltimore, MD. 10/98. 69. Metha, A., Roorda, A., Williams, D.R., Lennie, P. Determining L, M, and S cone photoreceptor distribution in the primate retina. Australian Ophthalmic and Visual Science Meeting, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia, 11/98. 70. Yoon, G.Y., Cox, I., Williams, D.R. The Visual Benefit of Static Correction of the Monochromatic Wave Aberration. [ARVO abstract]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1999; 40(4): B171 Abstract nr. 211 71. Verweij, J., Diller, L.C., Williams, D.R. The Relative Strength of L and M Cone Inputs To H1 Horisontal Cells in Primate Retina. [ARVO abstract]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1999; 40(4): B176 Abstract nr. 1268 72. Roorda, A., Metha, A.B., Lennie, P., Williams, D.R. The Packing arrangement of S, M and L Cones in the Living Primate Retina. . [ARVO abstract]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1999; 40(4): Abstract nr. 1938 73. Hofer, H., Artal, P., Aragon, J.L., Williams, D.R. Temporal Characteristics of the Eye’s Aberrations. . [ARVO abstract]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1999; 40(4) Abstract nr. 1939. 74. Diller, L.C., Verweij, J., Williams, D.R. Dacey, D.M. L and M Cone Inputs to Peripheral Parasol and Midget Ganglion Cells in Primate Retina. . [ARVO abstract]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1999; 40(4) Abstract nr. 4302 75. Artal, P., Guirao, A., Williams, D.R. Aberrations of the Internal Ocular Surfaces Measured in Vivo with a Hartmann-Shack Sensor. [ARVO abstract] Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1999;40(4):S206. Abstract nr B166. 76. Yoon, G.Y., Williams, D.R. Optimized Hartmann-Shack wave-front sensor for the human eye. Optical Society of America Annual Meeting, Santa Clara, CA 9/99. 11 77. Artal, P., Hofer, H.J., Williams, D.R., Aragon, J.L. Dynamics of ocular aberrations during accommodation. Optical Society of America Annual Meeting, Santa Clara, CA 9/99. 78. Brainard, D.H., Calderone, J.B., Jacobs, G.H., Roorda, A., Neitz, M., Neitz, J., Williams, D.R. Functional consequences of individual variation in relative L/M cone numerosity. Optical Society of America Annual Meeting, Santa Clara, CA 9/99. 79. Guirao, A, Artal, P., Williams, D.R. Localization of ocular aberrations in the human eye. XIV International Congress for Eye Research, Santa Fe, New Mexico, 10/00. 80. Hofer, H., Singer, B., Yoon, G.Y., Chen, L., Yamauchi, Y., Williams, D.R. "Performance of the Rochester 2nd generation adaptive optics system for the eye", paper presented at the Optical Society of America annual meeting 2000. 81. Yoon, G.Y., Chen, L., Singer, B., Yamauchi, Y., Hofer, H., Porter, J., Williams, D.R. "Design of the Rochester 2nd generation adaptive optics system for the eye", paper presented at the Optical Society of America annual meeting 2000. 82. Yamauchi, Y., Williams, D.R., Brainard, D.H., Calderone, J.B., Roorda, A., Neitz, M., Neitz, J., Jacobs, G.H. "Is unique yellow determined by the relative numbers of L and M cones?", Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 41, S526 (2000) 83. Yoon, G.Y., Williams, D.R. "Visual benefit of correcting higher order monochromatic aberrations and chromatic aberration in the eye", Optical Society of America meeting on Visual Science and Its Applications 2000, Santa Fe, NM. 84. Cox, I., Potvin, R., Lagana, M., Williams, D.R., Porter, J. "Wavefront aberrations of the human eye- a large population sample", British Contact Lens Association Annual Meeting 2000: Poster Abstract nr 14. 85. Porter, J., Cox, I., Guirao, A., Potvin, R., Lagana, M., Williams, D.R. "A compact description of the eye's aberrations in a large population", Investigative Ophthalmology visual Science 2000; 41 (4): S428. Abstract nr 2265. 86. Guirao, A, Artal, P., Williams, D.R. Localization of ocular aberrations in the human eye. XIV International Congress of Eye Research, Santa Fe, New Mexico (2000). 87. Guirao, A., Williams, D.R. Higher order aberrations in the eye and the best subjective refraction, Optical Society of America Annual Meeting, Providence, Rhode Island, October, 2000. 88. Guirao, A., Williams, D.R., Cox, I. Effect of rotation and translation on the expected benefit of ideal contact lenses [ARVO Abstract]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000;41(4). Abstract nr 2269. 89. Roorda, A., Williams, D.R. Angular tuning of single cones in the living human eye 12 [ARVO Abstract]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000;41(4). Abstract nr 521. 90. Yamauchi, Y., Williams, D.R., Brainard, D.H., Calderone, J.B., Roorda, A., Neitz, M., Neitz, J., Jacobs, G.H. Is unique yellow determined by the relative numbers of l and m cones? [ARVO Abstract]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000;41(4). Abstract nr 2804. 91. Yoon, G.Y., Hofer, H., Chen, L., Porter, J., Singer, B., Yamauchi, Y., Guirao, A., Cox, I.G., Doble, N., Williams, D.R. Design and performance of Rochester's 2nd generation adaptive optics system for the human eye. International Symposium: Adaptive Optics: From telescopes to the human eye. Murcia, Spain. November 2000. Poster Abstract. 92. Porter, J., Hofer, H., Guirao, A., Yoon, G.Y., Chen, L., Cox, I., Williams, D.R. The spatial and temporal properties of the wave aberration of the human eye. OPTO Northeast and Imaging, SPIE Meeting, 2001, Rochester, NY. 93. Chen, L., Yoon, G.Y., Singer, B., Doble, N., Hofer, H., Porter, J., Williams, D.R. Adaptive optical system design and optimization for the human eye. OPTO Northeast and Imaging, SPIE Meeting, 2001, Rochester, NY. 94. Doble, N., Yoon, G.Y., Chen, L., Wilks, S., Thompson, C., Olivier, S., Williams, D.R. The use of MEMS and liquid crystal technology for adaptive optics in the human eye. OPTO Northeast and Imaging, SPIE Meeting, 2001, Rochester, NY. 95. Yoon, G., Hofer, H., Roorda, A., Chen, L., Porter, J., Doble N., Yamauchi Y., Williams D. Applications of adaptive optics to vision science. OPTO Northeast and Imaging, SPIE Meeting, 2001, Rochester, NY. 96. Roorda, A., Williams, D.R. Adaptive optics reveals the cone receptors in a human retina, AAS Meeting, January 2001. 97. Chen, L., Doble, N., Pallakaris, A., Yoon, G.Y., Williams, D.R. "Design and performance of an adaptive optical system for the human eye" Integrating Research and A Conference for the Graduate Students and Postdoctoral Researchers of the Center for Adaptive Optics (CfAO), Kailua-Kona, Hawaii, April 18-23, 2001 98. Doble, N., Yoon, G.Y., Chen, L., Williams, D.R., Bierden, P., Wilks, S., Thompson, C., Carr, E., Olivier, S. The Use of a MEMS Mirror for Adaptive Optics in the Human Eye, Presentation at the CfAO Summer School, Santa Cruz August 4-10 2001. 99. Doble, N., Chen, L., Yoon, G.Y., Bierden, P., Olivier, S., Williams, D.R. "Alternative wavefront corrects for adaptive optics in the human eye", The 3rd international conference on the use of adaptive optics for industry and medicine, Albuquerque, NM, 2001. 13 100. Chen, L., Yoon, G.Y., Hofer, H., Singer, B., Yamauchi, Y., Doble, N., Porter, J., Williams D.R. "A real time adaptive optics system for the human eye", The 3rd international conference on the use of adaptive optics for industry and medicine, Albuquerque, NM, 2001. 101. Doble, N., Yoon, G.Y., Chen, L., Williams, D.R., Bierden, P., Wilks, S., Thompson, C., Carr, E., Olivier, S. A MEMS mirror for adaptive optics in the human eye, OSA Annual Meeting, Long Beach, CA, October 2001. 102. Williams, D.R. What optical factors computed from the wavefront correlate best with visual performance, OSA Annual Meeting, Long Beach, CA, October 2001. 103. Cox, I., Potvin, R., Lagana, M., Williams, D.R., Porter, J. Wave aberrations of the human eye - a large population sample, Academy of Ophthalmology Meeting, October 2001. 104. Kurczynski, P., Tyson, J., Sadoulet, B., Bishop, D., Williams, D.R. Membrane mirrors for vision science adaptive optics, paper presented at SPIE/Micromachining and Microfabrication Conference, October 2001. 105. Doble, N., Yoon, G.Y., Chen, L., Williams, D.R., Bierden, P., Wilks, S., Thompson, C., Carr, E., Olivier, S. A MEMS Mirror for Adaptive Optics in the Human Eye, CfAO Retreat, Monterey, California, December 10-12, 2001. 106. Guirao, A., Williams, D.R. An objective method to predict refractive errors from wave aberration data [ARVO Abstract]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 42(4). Abstract nr 540, 2001. 107. Yoon, G.Y., Hofer, H., Chen, L., Singer, B., Porter, J., Yamauchi, Y., Doble, N., Williams, D.R. Dynamic correction of the eye's aberration with the Rochester 2nd generation adaptive optics system [ARVO Abstract]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci.;42(4). Abstract nr 545, 2001. 108. Cox, I., MacRae, S., Williams, D.R. Comparison of wavefront aberrations of the eye following successful and unsuccessful conventional lasik procedures [ARVO Abstract]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci.;42(4). Abstract nr 3242, 2001. 109. Artal, P., Guirao, A., Williams, D.R. A model to explain how the lens compensates for corneal aberrations [ARVO Abstract] Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci.;42(4). Abstract nr 4804, 2001. 110. Yamauchi, Y., Williams, D.R., Carroll, J., Neitz, J., Neitz, M. The longevity of the effect caused by a long-term chromatic alteration, Optical Society of America and University of California Irvine Vision and Color meeting, 2001. 111. Yamauchi, Y., Williams, D.R., Carroll, J., Neitz, J., Neitz, M. Chromatic adaptation can cause long-term shifts in color appearance that arise in binocular visual pathways [ARVO Abstract]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci.;42(4). Abstract nr 3873, 2001. 14 112. Yamauchi, Y., Williams, D.R., Brainard, D.H., Roorda, A., Carroll, J., Neitz, M., Neitz, Calderone, J.B., Jacobs, G.H. What determines unique yellow, L/M cone ratio or visual experience?, in the 9th Congress of the International Colour Association, Proceedings of SPIE, Vol., 4421, 275-278. (2002) 113. Doble, N., Yoon, G.Y., Chen, L., Singer, B., Bierden, P., Olivier, S., Williams, D.R. Low Cost, Compact Wavefront Correctors for Ophthalmic Instrumentation Equipped with Adaptive Optics., ARVO, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, May 2002. 114. Doble, N., Chen, L., Yoon, G.Y., Bierden, P., Olivier, S., Williams, D.R. The Use of a MEMS Mirror for Closed Loop Adaptive Optics in the Human Eye., Conference and Lasers and Electro Optics, Long Beach, CA, May 2002. 115. Doble, N., Yoon, G., Chen, L., Bierden, P., Olivier, S., Williams, D.R. High Resolution Retinal Imaging with a Microelectromechanical (MEMS) Mirror”, University of Rochester, Center for Visual Science's 23rd Symposium “Engineering the Eye” June 13-15, 2002, Rochester, New York. 116. Pallikaris, A., Williams, D.R. Temporal variation in the reflectance of single cones in the living human eye, University of Rochester, Center for Visual Science's 23rd Symposium “Engineering the Eye” June 13-15, 2002, Rochester, New York. 117. Chen, L., Kruger, P., Williams, D.R. Accommodation without higher order monochromatic aberrations, University of Rochester, Center for Visual Science's 23rd Symposium “Engineering the Eye” June 13-15, 2002, Rochester, New York. 118. Chen, L., Singer, B., Williams, D.R. Assessment of Optical Aberrations: Wavefront Sensing and Adaptive Optics, University of Rochester, Center for Visual Science's 23rd Symposium “Engineering the Eye” June 13-15, 2002, Rochester, New York. 119. Doble, N., Yoon, G.Y., Chen, L., Bierden, P., Olivier, S., Williams, D.R. High Resolution Imaging with a Microelectromechanical MEMS Mirror, [Poster] Center for Adaptive Optics Fall Retreat, Santa Cruz, CA, November 2002. 120. Pallikaris, A., Williams, D.R. Temporal variation in the reflectance of single cones in the living human eye, [Poster] Center for Adaptive Optics Fall Retreat, Santa Cruz, CA, November 2002. 121. Chen, L., Kruger, P., Hofer, H., Singer, B., Williams, D.R. Accommodation without higher order monochromatic aberrations, [Poster] Center for Adaptive Optics Fall Retreat, Santa Cruz, CA, November 2002. 122. Chen, L., Singer, B., Williams, D.R. Assessment of Optical Aberrations: Wavefront Sensing and Adaptive Optics, [Poster] Center for Adaptive Optics Fall Retreat, Santa Cruz, CA, November 2002. 123. Kurczynski, P., Bogart, G., Lai, W., Lifton, V., Mansfield, B., Tyson, J.A., Sadoulet, B., 15 Williams, D.R. Electrostatically actuated membrane mirrors for adaptive optics. Submitted to Photonics West 2003 Conference. 124. Porter, J., Williams, D.R. What are the limits of how well we can see? AAAS Symposium, Denver, CO, February 2003. 125. Williams, D.R., Chen, L., Singer, B., Llorente, L., Nagy, L. Predicting subjective image quality from the eye's wave aberration. ASCRS ASOA Meeting, April 12-16, 2003. 126. Huxlin, K., Yoon, G.Y., Nagy, L., Brandon, E., Porter, J., Cox, I., MacRae, S., Williams, D.R. Ocular wavefront aberrations in awake cats. Annual ARVO Meeting, May 4-9, 2003. 127. Doble, N., Miller, D., Zhao, H., Yoon, G.Y., Williams, D.R. Deformable mirror requirements for adaptive correction of the population of normal human eyes. Annual ARVO Meeting, May 4-9, 2003. 128. Artal, P., Fernandez, E.J., Chen, L., Manzanera, S., Singer, B., Guitierrez, J., Williams, D.R. Does the visual system adapt to the eye's aberrations? Annual ARVO Meeting, May 4-9, 2003. 129. Williams, D.R., Hofer, H., Carroll, J., Neitz, M., Neitz, J. Organization of the human trichromatic cone mosaic. Annual ARVO Meeting, May 4-9, 2003. 130. Chen, L., Porter, J., Singer, B., Llorente, L., Nagy, L., Williams, D.R. Predicting subjective image quality from the eye's wave aberration. Annual ARVO Meeting, May 4-9, 2003. 131. Applegate, R.A., Thibos, L.N., Williams, D.R. Converting wavefront aberration to metrics predictive of visual performance. Annual ARVO Meeting, May 4-9, 2003. 132. Hofer, H., Singer, B., Williams, D.R. Microstimulation and imaging of the trichromatic cone mosaic in the living human eye. Annual ARVO Meeting, May 4-9, 2003. 133. Putnam, N., Hofer, H., Doble, N., Chen, L., Williams, D.R. The fixational stability of the human eye measured by imaging the cone mosaic. Annual ARVO Meeting, May 4-9, 2003. 134. Artal, P., Manzanera, S., Williams, D.R. How stable is the shape of the ocular point spread function during normal viewing? Fall Vision Meeting, Tucson, AZ, July 11, 2003. 135. Williams, D.R. Metric for predicting subjective image quality from the eye’s wave aberration Wavefront Congress, Whistler, British Columbia, February 21, 2004 16 136. Porter, J., Yoon, G.Y., Tumbar, R., Lozano, D., Wolfing, J., Cox, I., Williams, D.R. Aberrations induced by pupil center decentrations in customized laser refractive surgery. Annual ARVO Meeting, April 25, 2004. 137. Artal, P., Chen, L., Manzanera, S., Williams, D.R. Temporal dependence of neural compensation for the eye's aberrations. Annual ARVO Meeting, April 26, 2004. 138. Jeong, T., Yoon, G.Y., Williams, D.R., Cox, I. Vision improvement using customized optics in normal and abnormal eyes. Annual ARVO Meeting, April 26, 2004. 139. Carroll, J., Neitz, M., Wolding, J., Gray, D., Neitz, J., Williams, D.R. Different genetic causes of red-green color blindness give rise to different retinal phenotypes as assessed with adaptive optics. Annual ARVO Meeting, April 28, 2004. 140. Porter, J., Yoon, G.Y., MacRae, S., Pan, G., Twietmeyer, T., Cox, I., Williams, D.R. Static and dynamic pupil decentrations in laser refractive surgery. II EOS Topical Meeting on Physiological Optics (Granada, Spain), 2004; Abstract nr RS04. 141. Carroll, J., Choi, S., Wolfing, J., Hofer, H., Williams, D.R. Imaging retinal disease with adaptive optics. II EOS Topical Meeting on Physiological Optics (Granada, Spain), 2004; Abstract nr P3. 142. Chen, L., Artal, P., Gutierrez, D., Williams, D.R. Does the best aberration correction for the eye depend on neural factors? Annual ARVO Meeting, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, May 1-5, 2005. 143. Wolfing, J.I., Chung, M., Carroll, J., Roorda, A., Poonja, S., Vilupuru, A., Williams, D.R. High resolution imaging of cone-rod dystrophy with adaptive optics. Annual ARVO Meeting, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, May 1-5, 2005. 144. Villegas, E., Williams, D.R., Artal, P. Is there neural adaptation to the aberrations in progressive power lenses? Annual ARVO Meeting, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, May 1-5, 2005. 145. Wolfing, J. I., Chung, M., Carroll, J., Roorda, A., Williams, D.R. "High resolution imaging of cone-rod dystrophy with adaptive optics," presented at the 9th Annual Vision Research Conference: Neuroimaging the Retina, Fort Lauderdale, FL (May, 2005). 146. Carroll, J., Porter, J., Neitz, J., Williams, D.R., Neitz, M. Adaptive optics imaging reveals effects of human cone opsin gene disruption. Annual ARVO Meeting, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, May 1-5, 2005. 147. Carroll, J., Lin, J., Wolfing, J.I., Christie, N., Williams, D.R., Makous, W. "Retinal microscotomas revealed with adaptive-optics microflashes," presented at the 17 XXVIIIth Symposium of the International Colour Vision Society, Lyon, France (July, 2005). 148. Carroll, J., Lin, J., Wolfing, J.I., Christie, N., Williams, D.R., Makous, M. Retinal microscotomas revealed by adaptive optics microflashes, and a model. OSA Fall Vision Meeting, October 21-23, 2005. 149. Gray, D., Merigan, W., Gee, B., Tumbar, R., Reinholz, F., Twietmeyer, T., Porter, J., Wolfing, J.I., Williams, D.R. High resolution in vivo imaging of primate retinal ganglion cells. OSA Fall Vision Meeting, October 21-23, 2005. 150. Makous, W., Carroll, J., Lin, J., Wolfing, J.I., Christie, N., Williams, D.R. AO perimetry. Center for Adaptive Optics Fall Retreat, Lake Arrowhead, CA, November 12, 2005. 151. Gray, D., Merigan, W., Gee, B., Tumbar, R., Reinholz, F., Twietmeyer, T., Porter, J., Wolfing, J.I., Williams, D.R. High-resolution in vivi imaging of primate retinal ganglion cells. The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Ft Lauderdale, FL May 2006. 152. Wolfing, J.I., Gray, D., Dubra, A., Wolfe, R., Gee, B., Merigan, W., Williams, D.R. High-resolution autofluorescence imaging of individual retinal pigment epithelial cells in vivo. Engineering the Eye II. Galway, Ireland June 2006. 153. Baraas, R., Carroll, J., Gunther, K., Chung, M., Chen, L., Williams, D.R., Neitz, M., Foster, D. A progressive form of tritanopia revealed with adaptive-optics retinal imaging. Engineering the Eye II. Galway, Ireland June 2006. 154. Dubra, A., Wolfing, J.I., Gray, D., Williams, D.R. Dual-wavelength imaging for registering high-resolution retinal images in vivo. Engineering the Eye II. Galway, Ireland June 2006. 155. Shroff, S., Chen, L., Dubra, A., Fienup, J., Williams, D.R. Imaging the retina with structured illumination and adaptive optics. Engineering the Eye II. Galway, Ireland June 2006. 156. Gray, D, Merigan, W., Gee, B., Wolfing, J.I., Porter, J., Dubra, A., Twietmeyer, T., Ahmad, K., Williams, D.R. High-resolution autofluorescence imaging of individual retinal pigment epithelial cells in vivo. Optical Society of America Vision Meeting. Rochester, NY October 2006. 157. Wolfing J.I., Dubra, A., Gray, D., Williams, D.R. Dual-wavelength focusing and simultaneous image registration for in vivo high-resolution retinal imaging. Optical Society of America Annual Meeting. Rochester, NY October 2006. 158. Morgan, J.I.W., Gray, D., Wolfe, R., Masella, B., Dubra, A., Williams, D.R. Imaging individual human retinal pigment epithelium cells in vivo. Annual ARVO Meeting, Ft Lauderdale, FL, May 7, 2007. 18 159. Masella, B., Morgan, J.I.W., Merigan, W., Gray, D., Hunter, J., Wolfe, B., Geng, Y., Williams, D.R. Retinal damage observed with autofluorescence imaging of retinal pigment epithelium cells in vivo. Annual ARVO Meeting, Ft Lauderdale, FL, May 8, 2007. 160. Gray, D., Merigan, W., Gee, B., Wolfe, B., Geng, Y., Masella, B., Scoles, D., Luque, S., Williams, D.R. Adaptive optics enables imaging of axons ad dendrites of rhodamine labeled macaque retinal ganglion cells in vivo. Annual ARVO Meeting, Ft Lauderdale, FL, May 8, 2007. 161. Neitz, M., Neitz, J., Williams, D.R., Carroll, J. Architecture of the cone mosaic in carriers of blue cone monochromacy caused by deletion of the enhancer. Annual ARVO Meeting, Ft Lauderdale, FL, May 8, 2007. 162. Baraas, R., Carroll, J., Gunther, K., Chung, M., Williams, D.R., Foster, D., Neitz, M. S-cone dystrophy in tritan color-vision deficiency revealed by adaptive-optics retinal imaging. Annual ARVO Meeting, Ft Lauderdale, FL, May 8, 2007. 163. Carroll, J., Baraas, R., Morgan, J.I.W., Williams, D.R., Foster, D., Neitz, M. Expression of C203R mutant cone pigment results in cone degeneration. Annual ARVO Meeting, Ft Lauderdale, FL, May 9, 2007. 164. Geng, Y., Porter, J. Gray, D., Greenberg, K., Wolfe, B., Dubra, A., Twietmeyer, T., Ahmad, K., Flannery, J., Williams, D.R. In vivo adaptive optics imaging of rat retinal ganglion cells. Annual ARVO Meeting, Ft Lauderdale, FL, May 9, 2007. 165. Merigan, W., Gray, D., Morgan, J.I.W., Russell, S., Scoles, D., Williams, D.R. In vivo imaging of the radial peripapillary vasculature in the macaque retina. Annual ARVO Meeting, Ft Lauderdale, FL, May 9, 2007. 166. Morgan, J. Light exposures cause in vivo changes in retinal autofluorescence, Fall Vision Meeting, Berkeley, CA, September 15, 2007. 167. Hunter, J., Morgan, J., Wolfe, R., Sparrow, J.R., Williams, D.R. Ex vivo changes in retinal pigment epithelial autofluorescence with light exposure. Annual ARVO Meeting, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, April 28, 2008. 168. Masuda, O., Hofer, H., Carroll, J., Williams, D.R. Arrangement of the Human Trichromatic Cone Mosaic in Peripheral Retina. Annual ARVO Meeting, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, April 30, 2008. 169. Morgan, J.I.W., Hunter, J.J., Wolfe, R., Masella, B., Sparrow, J.R., Merigan, W.H., Williams, D.R. Reciprocity of light-induced reduction in retinal pigment epithelial autofluorescence. Annual ARVO Meeting, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, April 30, 2008. 19 170. Shroff, S., Fienup, J., Williams, D.R. OTF compensation in structured illumination superresolution images. Unconventional Imaging IV, San Diego, CA, August 11, 2008. 171. Merigan, W.H., Morgan, J.I.W., Hunter, J.J., Wolfe, R., Libby, R.T., Williams, D.R. Histological evidence of retinal damage in macaque caused by exposure to 568nm light below previously reported damage thresholds. Annual ARVO Meeting, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, May 3, 2009. 172. Hunter, J., Morgan, J., Norris, J., Williams, D.R. Multiple lipofuscin fluorophores are involved in photochemically-induced. Annual ARVO Meeting, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, May 7, 2009. 173. Dubra, A., Sulai, Y., Williams, D.R. Microscopic in vivo imaging of human inner retina with a phase adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope. Annual ARVO Meeting, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, May 3, 2010. 174. Carroll, J., Banin, E., Hunt, D.M., Martin, R., Michaelides, M., Mizrahi-Meissonnier, L., Moore, A.T., Sharon, D., Williams, D.R., Dubra, A. Evaluating the photoreceptor mosaic in blue cone monochromacy (BCM). Annual ARVO Meeting, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, May 4, 2010. 175. Hunter, J.J., Masella, B., Dubra, A., Sharma, R., Palczewska, G., Palczewski, K., Williams, D.R. In vivo two-photon imaging of macaque retina. Annual ARVO Meeting, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, May 4, 2010. 176. Sliney, D.H., Hunter, J.J., Delori, F.C., Williams, D.R., Mellerio, J. Competing photochemical retinal damage mechanisms from visible light: Implications for human retinal exposure limits. Annual ARVO Meeting, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, May 4, 2010. 177. Geng, Y., Schery, L., Ahmad, K., Libby, R.T., Williams, D.R. Wave aberration of the mouse eye. Annual ARVO Meeting, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, May 5, 2010. 178. Rossi, E.A., Achtman, R.L., Guidon, A., Williams, D.R., Roorda, A., Bavelier, D., Carroll, J. Visual Function and Cortical Organization in Carriers of Blue Cone Monochromacy. Annual ARVO Meeting, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, May 6, 2010. 179. Dubra, A., Sulai, Y., Williams, D.R. In vivo high resolution imaging of the nerve fiber layer using an adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope. Center for Visual Science, 27th Symposium on Photons and Neurons, University of Rochester, June 4-6, 2010. 180. Geng, Y., Schery, L.A., Ahmad, K., Libby, R.T., Williams, D.R. Wave aberration of the mouse eye. Center for Visual Science, 27th Symposium on Photons and Neurons, University of Rochester, June 4-6, 2010. 20 181. Hunter, J.J., Masella, B.D., Dubra, A., Sharma, R., Yin, L., Merigan, W.H., Palczewska, G., Palczewski, K., Williams, D.R. Two-photon imaging of the living macaque retina. Center for Visual Science, 27th Symposium on Photons and Neurons, University of Rochester, June 4-6, 2010. 182. Yin, L., Dalkara, D., Greenberg, K., Hunter, J.J., Kolstad, K.D., Masella, B.D., Visel, M., Libby, R.T., DiLoreto Jr., D., Flannery, J., Williams, D.R., Merigan, W.H. AAV-mediated gene delivery to retinal ganglion cells in the macaque eye. Center for Visual Science, 27th Symposium on Photons and Neurons, University of Rochester, June 4-6, 2010. 183. Chung, M., Williams, D.R. Adaptive Optics Imaging in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. First Biennial Symposium on AMD. Schepens Eye Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, September 30-October 2, 2010. 184. Geng, Y., Schery, L.A., Ahmad, K., Sharma, R., Libby, R.T., Williams, D.R. Wave aberration of the mouse eye. OSA Fall Vision Meeting, October 22-24, 2010. 185. Hunter, J.J., Masella, B., Dubra, A., Sharma, R., Yin, L., Merigan, W.H., Palczewska, G., Palczewski, K., Williams, D.R. Towards Functional Measurements of Vision in the Living Macaque Retina using Two-Photon Fluorescence Imaging. OSA Fall Vision Meeting, October 22-24, 2010. 186. Yin, L., Dalkara, D., Greenberg, K., Hunter, J.J., Masella, B.D., Visel, M., Diloreto Jr., D., Flannery, J., Williams, D.R., Merigan, W.H. AAV-mediated gene delivery to retinal ganglion cells in the macaque eye. OSA Fall Vision Meeting, October 2224, 2010. 187. Yin, L., Dalkara, D., Greenberg, K., Hunter, J.J., Masella, B.D., Visel, M., Diloreto Jr., D., Flannery, J., Williams, D.R., Merigan, W.H. AAV-mediated gene delivery to retinal ganglion cells in the macaque eye. Society for Neuroscience Annual Meeting, November 13-17, 2010. 188. INVITED PRESENTATIONS AT PROFESSIONAL MEETINGS 1. Williams, D.R., Collier, R.J. Spatial resolution of the short wavelength mechanism, Conference on Colour Vision, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, 1982. 2. Williams, D.R. Human visual resolution. Image Technology, Society of Photographic Scientists and Engineers, Boston, Massachusetts, 1984. 3. Yellott, J., Williams, D.R. Imaging sampling properties of photoreceptors, Rank Prize Symposium on Biological Engineering Aspects of Visual Hyperacuity, Cambridge, England, 1984. 21 4. Krauskopf, J., Williams, D.R., Mandler, M., and Brown, A. Cardinal directions and beyond, Workshop on System Approaches to Vision, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1984. 5. Williams, D.R. Visual Resolution and the photoreceptor mosaic. Conference on Vision, Nordita, Nordisk Institut for Teoretisk Atomfysik, Copenhagen, Denmark, 1986. 6. Williams, D.R. Seeing through the photoreceptor mosaic. Interdisciplinary Conference, Whistler, British Columbia, 1986. 7. Williams, D.R. Color, space, and the cone mosaic. The Cuernavaca Workshop on Vision, Cuernavaca, Mexico, 1987. 8. Williams, D.R. Visual resolution and the photoreceptor mosaic. Society for Neuroscience, New Orleans, LA, 1987. 9. Williams, D.R. The Unobtrusive Photoreceptor Mosaic, Symposium on Photoreception, Frontiers of Visual Science, National Research Council, Washington, DC, 1988. 10. Williams, D.R., Coletta, N., Tiana, C., Haake, W. Spatial sampling & image motion, Workshop on Computational Models of Visual Processing, Cold Spring Harbor, June, 1989. 11. Lennie, P. Haake, P.W., Williams, D.R. Chromatic opponency through indiscriminate connections to cones. Workshop on Computational Models of Visual Processing, Cold Spring Harbor, June 1989. 12. Williams, D.R. Photoreceptor sampling of moving images. Applied Vision Topical Meeting, San Francisco, CA, July 1989. 13. Williams, D.R., Coletta, N., Tiana, C., Packer, O. Spatial sampling, image motion, and visual resolution. "Optics, Physiology and Vision," The Westheimer Symposium, Berkeley, CA, August, 1989. 14. Williams, D.R., Sekiguchi, N., Packer, O. Spatial sampling by the human foveal cone mosaic and its implications for color vision. International Congress of Eye Research, Helsinki, Finland, July, 1990. 15. Williams, D.R. Interpolation and trichromatic spatial sampling in foveal vision. Advances in Understanding Visual Processes. Roros, Norway, August, 1990. 16. Williams, D.R. Spatial sampling in human vision. Curso Interuniversitario para Postgraduados Sobre meeting, Madrid, Spain, November, 1991. 22 17. Williams, D.R. The cost of trichromacy for human vision. Curso Interuniversitario para Postgraduados Sobre, Madrid, Spain, November, 1991. 18. Williams, D.R. Spatial sampling in human vision. Conference on Vision, Funcacion Ramon Areces, Madrid, Spain, November, 1991. 19. Williams, D.R. The Limits of Vision. Educator's Day, Optical Society of America, San Jose, CA, November, 1991. 20. Williams, D.R. The mechanisms that prevent aliasing in the visual system. Ophthalmic and Visual Optics, OSA Topical Meeting, Santa Fe, New Mexico, January, 1992. 21. Williams, D.R. Perceptual consequences of the trichromatic cone mosaic. Advances in Color Vision, OSA Topical meeting, Irvine, California, January, 1992. 22. Williams, D.R. Implications of Photoreceptor Sampling for Spatial and Color Vision. FASEB Summer Research Conference on Vision, Saxtons River, Vermont, June, 1992. 23. Williams, D.R. The optical quality of the human eye. Workshop on Physical Optics and Human Vision, Rochester, June, 1993. 24. Williams, D.R., McMahon, M, Brainard, D.H., Navarro, R. Comparison of noninvasive measures of the optical quality of the eye. Vision Science and its Applications, 1994 Technical Digest Series, Vol. 2 (Optical Society of America, Washington DC, 1994), pp. 68-71. 25. Williams, D.R., Brainard, D.H., McMahon, M.J., Navarro, R. Comparison of noninvasive measures of the optical quality of the human eye. Frontiers in Information Optics Conference, Kyoto, Japan, April, 1994. 26. Packer, O., Williams, D.R., Bensinger, D.G. Photopigment transmittance imaging of the primate photoreceptor mosaic. FASEB Conference on the Biology, Chemistry, and Modeling of Vision, June, 1994. 27. Williams, D.R. Aberrations of the eye measured with wavefront sensing. Noninvasive Optical Methods in Vision and Ophthalmology, Madrid, Spain, March, 1995. 28. Williams, D.R. Prospects for improving spatial resolution in fundus imaging. Noninvasive Optical Methods in Vision and Ophthalmology, Madrid, Spain, March, 1995. 29. Williams, D.R. Applications of Adaptive Optics in Human Vision, Adaptive Optics Working Group Meeting, SPIE, San Diego, 1995. 23 30. Williams, D.R. Visual Aspects of Night Flying, Holiman Air Force Base, New Mexico, January, 1996. 31. Williams, D.R. Pushing the Optical Limits of the Human Eye, Twelfth Annual James M. Sprague Lecture, Thirteenth Annual Neuroscience Retreat, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, April, 1996. 32. Williams, D.R. High Resolution Fundus Imaging, 41st Annual Rochester Ophthalmology Conference, Rochester, NY, May, 1996. 33. Williams, D.R., Liang, J., Miller, D.T. (1996) Adaptive Optics for the Human Eye. OSA Topical Meeting on Adaptive Optics, Maui, Hawaii, July, 1996. 34. Williams, D.R., Liang, J., Miller, D.T. Adaptive Optics for High Resolution Retinal Imaging, Mopane Conference on Refraction and Keratometry, Kruger National Park, South Africa, August, 1996. 35. Williams, D.R. Adaptive Optics for the Human Eye. Plenary talk for colocated meetings, Laser Munich and Nonastronomical Adaptive Optics, Munich, Germany, June, 1997. 36. Roorda, A., Williams, D.R. Adaptive Optics for the Human Eye. International Workshop Adaptive Optics for Industry and Medicine, Shatura, Russia, June, 1997. 37. Williams, D.R. Imaging Photoreceptors in Vivo, 27th Cambridge Opthalmological Symposium, Cambridge, England, September, 1997. 38. Williams, D.R. Toward Supernormal Vision, National Science Writers Seminar, Research to Prevent Blindness, Universal City, California, September, 1997. 39. Williams, D.R. The Arrangement of the Three Cone Classes in the Living Human Eye, FASEB Research Conference on Retinal Neurobiology and Visual Processing, Saxtons River, Vermont, July, 1998. 40. Williams, D.R. Adaptive Optics for the Human Eye, American Academy of Optometry Annual Meeting and 75th Anniversary of the UC Berkeley College of Optometry, San Francisco, December, 1998. 41. Williams, D.R. Microscopic Imaging of the Living Human Retina through Adaptive Optics. Symposium on Frontiers in Imaging, ARVO, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, May, 1999. 42. Williams, D.R. Adaptive Optics for the Human Eye. Plenary talk. Annual Meeting of the Australian Optical Society, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, July, 1999. 43. Williams, D.R. Tillyer Award lecture: Exceeding the Resolution Limit of the Human Eye. Optical Society of America Annual Meeting, Santa Clara, CA, September, 1999. 24 44. Williams, D.R. High Resolution Imaging of the Living Human Fundus. Opening Ceremony, Interuniversitair Oogheelkundig Instituut, Amsterdam, Netherlands, October, 1999. 45. Williams, D.R. High Resolution Imaging of the Retina with Adaptive Optics. National Eye Institute Predoctoral Trainees’ Meeting, NIH, Bethesda, MD., November, 1999. 46. Williams, D.R. Evaluating Multifocal Contact Lenses with Wavefront Sensing. Keynote Address, International Society for Contact Lens Research, Phuket, Thailand, August, 1999. 47. Williams, D.R. The new wavefront technology. Refractive Alliance 2000, Boston, MA, 5/00. 48. Williams, D.R. Adaptive Optics: From Astronomy to Visual Neuroscience, New Directions in Biomedical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 2/00. 49. Williams, D.R. Magnitude of ocular aberrations: Visual and imaging significance. First International Congress of Wavefront Sensing and Aberration-Free Refractive Correction, Santa Fe, New Mexico, 2/00. 50. Williams, D.R. Adaptive Optics for the Human Eye, Plenary Talk, American Academy of Astronomy, 6/00. 51. Williams, D.R. Fundamentals of visual science, Center for Adaptive Optics Summer School, 6/00. 52. Williams, D.R. Correction of the eye’s wave aberration, Center for Adaptive Optics Summer School, 6/00. 53. Williams, D.R. History and Principles of Hartmann-Shack Wavefront Sensing. 2nd International Congress of Wavefront Sensing and Aberration-Free Refractive Correction, Monterey, California, February 2001. 54. Williams, D.R. Visual Acuity and How It May Be Improved. AAPT Meeting, Rochester, NY, July 2001. 55. Williams, D.R. Adaptive Optics for Vision Correction. Industrial Physics Forum, October 2001. 56. Williams, D.R. Clinical Applications of Adaptive Optics, Invited Talk, CfAO Summer School. August, 2001. 57. Williams, D.R. American Association of Physics Teachers, Invited Talk, The Limits of Human Vision, Rochester, July, 2001. 25 58. Williams, D.R. When Correcting the Eye’s Aberrations Makes Vision Worse, UC, Irvine Satellite Meeting, October, 2001. 59. Williams, D.R. Wavefront Approach to Laser Refractive Surgery, Invited Talk, Food and Drug Administration, October 2001. 60. Williams, D.R. High Resolution Imaging of the Human Retina With Adaptive Optics, Columbia University, January, 2001. 61. Williams, D.R. Wavefront Sensing and Visual Performance, Columbia University, January, 2001. 62. Williams, D.R. The Visual Benefit of Correcting Higher Order Aberrations, Visual Science and its Applications, Monterrey, CA, 2, 2001. 63. Williams, D.R. Wavefront basics, New Orleans Academy of Ophthalmology, 51st Annual Symposium, New Orleans, LA, February 2002. 64. Williams, D.R. What can adaptive optics do for refractive surgery, New Orleans Academy of Ophthalmology, 51st Annual Symposium, New Orleans, LA, February 2002. 65. Williams, D.R. The limits of human vision, GSFC Scientific Colloquium, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, March 2002. 66. Williams, D.R. A role for high resolution retinal imaging with adaptive optics in clinical research? Steinbach Fund Meeting, New York City, April 2002. 67. Williams, D.R. Limits of human vision, Department of Physics and Astronomy Colloquium, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, May 2002. 68. Williams, D.R. Assessment of optical aberrations of the eye: wavefront sensing and adaptive optics. ARVO, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, May 2002. 69. Williams, D.R. What adaptive optics can do for the eye, 1st Aegean Summer School in Visual Optics and Aegean Cornea VI, Thesoloniki, Greece, July, 2002. 70. Williams, D.R. Color Vision, 1st Aegean Summer School in Visual Optics and Aegean Cornea VI, Thesioloniki, Greece, July 2002. 71. Williams, D.R. Subjective impact of higher order aberrations, 1st Aegean Summer School in Visual Optics and Aegean Cornea VI, Thesoloniki, Greece, July 2002. 72. Williams, D.R. Photoreceptors and resolution, 1st Aegean Summer School in Visual Optics and Aegean Cornea VI, Thesoloniki, Greece, July 2002. 73. Williams, D.R. Plenary talk, International Conference on Image Processing, Rochester, NY, September 25, 2002. 26 74. Williams, D.R. Measurement and correction of higher order aberrations, International Symposium on the Eye & Vision, Montreal, Canada, October 26, 2002. 75. Williams, D.R. Progress and puzzles at Rochester, CfAO Fall Retreat, Santa Cruz, CA, November 8, 2002. 76. Williams, D.R. Vision technology showcase presentation, Vision Technology Showcase, Lake Arrowhead, CA, November 9, 2002. 77. Williams, D.R. Wavefront research at Rochester, Lasik Plus VIP Tour/Visit, Rochester, NY, December 11, 2002. 78. Williams, D.R. Limits of human vision. Helmholtz Club, Irvine, CA, February 12, 2003. 79. Williams, D.R. Color and the cone mosaic. Salk Institute, February 13, 2003. 80. Williams, D.R. Ophthalmic wavefront sensing: An historical perspective. Fourth International Congress of Wavefront Sensing & Aberration-Free Refractive Correction Meeting, San Francisco, CA, February 15, 2003. 81. Williams, D.R. Adaptive optics for vision: Metrics for image quality in the human. Fourth International Congress of Wavefront Sensing & Aberration-Free Refractive Correction Meeting, San Francisco, CA, February 16, 2003. 82. Williams, D.R. Implications of trichromatic cone sampling for color vision. UH College of Optometry's 50th Anniversary Symposium, Houston, TX, March 1, 2003. 83. Williams, D.R. Adaptive optics for the human eye. Willmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, March 14, 2003. 84. Williams, D.R. Vision science overview. CfAO Spring Retreat, San Jose, CA, March 21, 2003. 85. Williams, D.R. Correction from wavefront data discussion. CfAO Spring Retreat, San Jose, CA, March 21, 2003. 86. Williams, D.R. Vision science results and future plans. CfAO Spring Retreat, San Jose, CA, March 22, 2003. 87. Williams, D.R. Adaptive optics for the eye. Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA, March 25, 2003. 88. Williams, D.R. Predicting subjective image quality from the eye’s wave aberration. B&L Global Symposium, Monte Carlo, Monaco, April 5, 2003. 27 89. Williams, D.R. Predicting subjective image quality from the eye's wave aberration. ASCRS Meeting, San Francisco, CA, April 12, 2003. 90. Williams, D.R. Progress with adaptive optics in vision science. CfAO Site Visit, Santa Cruz, CA, April 15, 2003. 91. Williams, D.R. The limits of human vision. CSHL Summer Seminars at the Banbury Conference Center, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, June 4, 2003. 92. Williams, D.R. High resolution imaging of the human retina with adaptive optics. Cornell University, Cornell, NY, June 19, 2003. 93. Williams, D.R. The limits of human vision. Distinguished Lecture Series presented at the Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, July 17, 2003. 94. Williams, D.R. Plenary talk: Adaptive optics for the human eye. IEEE/LEOS Optical MEMS, International Conference on Optical MEMS and Their Applications, Marriott Waikoloa Beach, HI, August 18, 2003. 95. Williams, D.R. Adaptive optics for the human eye. The 87th OSA Annual Meeting, Tucson, Arizona, October 6, 2003. 96. Williams, D.R. AO instrumentation for advanced ophthalmic imaging. The Center for Adaptive Optics Fall Retreat, (Tenaya Lodge) Fish Camp, CA, November 1, 2003. 97. Williams, D.R. Predicting subjective image quality from the eye's wave aberration. The Annual ARVO Meeting, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, April 27, 2004. 98. Williams, D.R. Adaptive Optics for the Human Eye. Rochester Eye Institute Opening Celebration, Rochester, NY, May 5, 2004. 99. Williams, D.R. Ophthalmic Adaptive Optics, Center For Biophotonics, UCSF, May 28, 2004. 100. Williams, D.R. What's new on the wavefront. The 49th Annual Rochester Ophthalmology Conference for the Future, Rochester, NY, June 4-5, 2004. 101. Williams, D.R. Applications of adaptive optics in the human eye. ICO '04 Tokyo, Makuhari Messe, Chiba, JAPAN, July 14, 2004. 102. Williams, D.R. Adaptive optics for vision correction and high resolution retinal imaging. Japanese Vision Society, Kochi, JAPAN, July 22, 2004. 103. Williams, D.R. Adaptive Optics Instrumentation for Advanced Ophthalmic Imaging, Meeting of Principle Investigators, NIH Bioengineering Research Partnerships, Bethesda, MD, July 30, 2004. 28 104. Williams, D.R. Image processing in the visual system: from eye to retina to cortex. Advanced Summer School on Visual Optics, Adaptive Optics, High Resolution Retinal Imaging and Related Topics, Murcia, Spain, September 16, 2004. 105. Williams, D.R. Applications of adaptive optics for vision correction and retinal imaging. II EOS Topical Meeting on Physiological Optics, Granada, Spain, September 21, 2004. 106. Williams, D.R. The limits of human vision. Society for Neuroscience 34th Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA, October 26, 2004. 107. Williams, D.R. Introduction to state of the art aberrometry. American Academy of Optometry 2004 Conference, Tampa, FL, December 10, 2004. 108. Williams, D.R. In vivo imaging of the human cone mosaic with adaptive optics. The Ninth Annual Vision Research Conference - Neuroimaging the Retina, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, April 29, 2005. 109. Williams, D.R. Optical limits to vision. The 4th Aegean Summer School in Visual Optics, University of Crete, Greece, June 29, 2005. 110. Williams, D.R. Neural limits to vision. The 4th Aegean Summer School in Visual Optics, University of Crete, Greece, June 29, 2005. 111. Williams, D.R. Adaptive optics for imaging the retina. The 4th Aegean Summer School in Visual Optics, University of Crete, Greece, June 30, 2005. 112. Williams, D.R. Imaging the photoreceptor mosaic in pathologic retinas. The 4th Aegean Summer School in Visual Optics, University of Crete, Greece, June 30, 2005. 113. Williams, D.R. Applications of adaptive optics for vision correction and retinal imaging. The 5th International Workshop on Adaptive Optics for Industry and Medicine, Beijing, China, August 29, 2005. 114. Williams, D.R. High Resolution Imaging Strategy for Drug Development in Glaucoma, Bausch and Lomb, Rochester, NY, January 3, 2006. 115. Williams, D.R. Adaptive Optics for High Resolution Imaging of the Human Retina, Bausch and Lomb Global Symposium, Athens, Greece, April 9, 2006 116. Williams, D.R. The limits of human vision, Freidenwald award lecture, Ft Lauderdale, Florida, May, 2006. 117. Williams, D.R. The limits of human vision. Welch Allyn award celebration in honor of David Williams’ receipt of the ARVO Friedenwald Award, Welch Allyn, Skaneateles, NY, July 12, 2006. 29 118. Williams, D.R. The limits of human vision. Friday Science Social Series, University of Rochester, Rochester NY, July 14, 2006. 119. Williams, D.R. The Limits of Human Vision, Rochester Institute of Technology Astronomy Club, Rochester NY, September 8, 2006. 120. Williams, D.R. Translating technology from academia to industry: a case study from a university perspective, Annual Meeting of the Optical Society of America, Rochester NY, October 12, 2006. 121. Williams, D.R. Color and the Cone Mosaic. Fourteenth Color Imaging Conference, Scottsdale, AZ, November 8, 2006. 122. Williams, D.R. Adaptive Optics, University of Pennsylvania, Scheie Eye Institute, December 13, 2006. 123. Williams, D.R. Adaptive optics for high resolution retinal imaging. Ophthalmology Grand Rounds and Visiting Professor and Guest Lecture Series, Philadelphia PA, December 14, 2006. 124. Williams, D.R. Which are the hottest topics in Visual Optics? II Meeting of the Spanish Visual Optics Network, Murcia, Spain, March 6, 2007. 125. Williams, D.R. The retina: diagnosing retinal disease and advanced imaging techniques in retinal research, building cures for eye disease: A Celebration of Scientific Discovery, Rochester NY, March 16, 2007. 126. Williams, D.R. High resolution retinal imaging with adaptive optics. Annual ARVO Meeting, Ft Lauderdale, FL, May 6, 2007. 127. Williams, D.R. In vivo imaging of monkey retinal ganglion cells. Annual ARVO Meeting, May 8, 2007. 128. Williams, D.R. The limits of human vision. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory/Banbury Seminars/Structure, Function and Development of the Visual System, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, July 6, 2007. 129. Williams, D.R. Imaging retinal mosaics in the living eye, 19th Symposium of the International Colour Vision Society, Belem, Brazil, July 27, 2007. 130. Williams, D.R. There is more to seeing than meets the eye. Alumni Lecture Series, University of Rochester, Rochester NY, September 26, 2007. 131. Williams, D.R. Applications of adaptive optics. The Alfred W. Bressler Vision Science Symposium, New York City, October 19, 2007. 30 132. Williams, D.R. Imaging retinal mosaics with adaptive optics. Novel Approaches to Bio-imaging, Washington, DC, March 10, 2008. 133. Williams, D.R. Imaging retinal mosaics in the living eye with adaptive optics. J. Donald Gass Memorial Lecture, Los Angeles, CA, March 15,2008. 134. Williams, D.R. Extreme Optical Imaging of Eye and Brain. IBM Headquarters in Yorktown Heights, NY, May 28, 2008. 135. Williams, D.R. Color Vision and the Cone Mosaic. 2008 Summer Institute in Cognitive Neuroscience, July 2, 2008. 136. Williams, D.R. Visual System Development. Salve Regina University in Newport, Rhode Island, August 10, 2008. 137. Williams, D.R. Past and Future Application of Adaptive Optics in Vision and Eye Care. Lens, Refractive & Wavefront Summit ARI/WFC 2009, March 5, 2009. 138. Williams, D.R. Autofluorescence imaging of the RPE cell mosaic in the living eye. Annual ARVO Meeting, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, May 7, 2009. 139. Williams, D.R. High Resolution Retinal Imaging with Adaptive Optics; Seeing Through the Photoreceptor/RPE Complex. Annual Buffalo Ophthalmology Symposium, The State University of New York at Buffalo, May 29, 2009. 140. Williams, D.R. High Resolution Fluorescence Imaging with Adaptive Optics. Advances in Optical Imaging and Biomedical Science Symposium at the NIH Twinbrook Campus in Rockville, MD, June 1-2, 2009. 141. Williams, D.R. Imaging retinal mosaics in the living eye. Lasker/IRRF Initiative for Innovation in Vision Research in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, August 12-13, 2009. 142. Williams, D.R. Imaging retinal mosaics in the living eye. Robert M. Boynton Lecture, OSA Fall Vision Meeting, University of Washington, October 2009. 143. Williams, D.R. Recent Breakthroughs in Imaging the Retina: Implications for Eye Care. Kemin Health, Dallas, TX, February 18-19, 2010. 144. Williams, D.R. Recent breakthroughts in Adaptive Optics Imaging of the Retina. The 55th Annual Ophthalmology Conference, Flaum Eye Institute, Rochester, NY, March 19-20, 2010. 145. Williams, D.R. Conflict and synergy between commercial interests and science in the academic laboratory. Annual ARVO Meeting, Ft Lauderdale, FL, May 2-6, 2010. 31 146. Williams, D.R. More than Meets the Eye: The Limits of Human Vision. Thomas McArthur, Alumni Relations, Jersey City, NJ, June 12-13, 2010. 147. Hunter, J.J., Morgan, J., Masella, B., Merigan, W., Delori, F., Sliney, D., Williams, D.R. Progress on New Thresholds for Photochemical Damage from Ophthalmic Exposures. American Society for Photobiology, Providence, RI, June 14, 2010. 148. Hunter, J.J., Masella, B., Dubra, A., Sharma, R., Palczewska, G., Palczewski, K., Williams, D.R. Advances in in vivo two-photon retinal imaging. International Society for Eye Research, Montreal, QC, Canada, July 20, 2010. 149. Williams, D.R. Adaptive optics imaging of the retina. Gordon Research Conference on Lasers in Medicine & Biology, Holderness, NH, July 25-30, 2010. 150. Williams, D.R. In vivo two-photon imaging of macaque retina. EOS Topical Meeting: 5th European Meeting on Visual and Physiological Optics (EMVPO), August 22-24, 2010. 151. Williams, D.R. Imaging individual cones. XL Cambridge Ophthalmological Symposium, September 2-3, 2010. 152. Williams, D.R. Overview of new imaging technology for ophthalmology. Ophthalmology Technology Day, Upper Providence, PA, September 21, 2010. 153. Williams, D.R. Seeing through retinal mosaics. Form & Function in Ocular Disease: A multi-disciplinary clinical and basic science symposium, Halifax, Canada, October 2, 2010. 154. Williams, D.R. Imaging retinal mosaics in the living eye. Rich Lecture Series, Birmingham, AL, November 17, 2010. 155. Williams, D.R. Applications of wavefront correction in ophthalmology. Rich Lecture Series, Birmingham, AL, November 18, 2010. 156. Williams, D.R. High Resolution Retinal Imaging for Accelerating Drug Development. Fort Worth, TX, November 19, 2010. 157. Williams, D.R. Microscopy of the Living Retina. 4th Annual Translational Research Conference, Berkeley, CA, November 21, 2010. 158. Williams, D.R. Color and the Cone Mosaic. The Russell DeValois Lecture Series, Berkeley, CA, March 15, 2011. 159. Williams, D.R. Imaging the Dynamic Nervous System, Upstate Neuroscience Symposium, Syracuse, NY, June 17, 2011. 32 COLLOQUIA 1. Distribution of blue-sensitive cones in the fovea. Kenneth Craik Club, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, 1978. 2. Punctate sensitivity of the blue-sensitive mechanism. Bell Telephone Laboratories, 1979. 3. Spatial organization of the blue cone system. Cambridge, England, 1980. 4. Punctate sensitivity of the blue sensitive cones. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, 1980. 5. Punctate sensitivity of the blue sensitive cones. Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, 1980. 6. Aliasing by a human photoreceptor mosaic. Institute for Sensory Research, Syracuse University, 1983. 7. Optical and neural constraints on the human visual resolution. Laboratory of Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 1984. 8. Optical and neural constraints on human visual resolution. University of Washington, 1984. 9. Optical and neural constraints on human visual resolution. Stanford University, California, 1984. 10. Optical and neural constraints on human visual resolution. University of California, Irvine, 1984. 11. Optical and neural constraints on human visual resolution. University of California, San Diego, 1984. 12. Optical and neural constraints on human visual resolution. University of California, Berkeley, 1984. 13. Limits of human visual resolution. Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, 1985. 14. Human visual resolution. Cornell University, 1985. 15. How well can the eye really see? Denison University Alumni Scholar Colloquium, Department of Psychology, 1985. 16. The limits of human vision. Provost's Wednesday Evening Lecture Series, University of Rochester, 1985. 33 17. Neural contrast sensitivity. Cornell University, 1986. 18. Limits of vision. Nazareth College, 1986 19. Seeing through the photoreceptor mosaic. Good Samaritan Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Portland Oregon, 1986. 20. The limits of human vision, Department of Radiology, University of Rochester, 1986. 21. The limits of human vision, Department of Psychology, Dartmouth College, 1987. 22. Visual resolution and the photoreceptor mosaic, Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. 23. Visual resolution and the photoreceptor mosaic, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, 1987. 24. Visual resolution and the grain of the cone mosaic, University of Pennsylvania, 1988. 25. Color vision and the cone mosaic, New York University, 1988. 26. Limits of spatial vision, University of Alabama, 1988. 27. A nonlinearity in early spatial vision, Columbia University, 1989 28. Aliasing in human foveal vision, Columbia University, 1989 29. Spatial sampling in human vision, University of Texas, Austin, 1989 30. Image motion and spatial sampling, University of California, San Diego, 1989 31. On measuring the cone mosaic in the living human eye. Eye Research Institute, Boston, MA, 1989 32. There is more to seeing than meets the eye. University Forum, University of Rochester, 1989. 33. Spatial sampling in human vision. University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada, 1990. 34. Spatial aliasing by chromatic mechanisms in human vision, Polaroid Corporation, Boston, MA, 1990. 35. Spatial aliasing by chromatic mechanisms in human vision, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 1990. 34 36. The cost of trichromacy for spatial vision, Laboratoire de Physique Appliquee du Museum, Paris, France, 1990. 37. The cost of trichromacy for spatial vision, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain, 1990. 38. The cost of trichromacy for spatial vision, C.S.I.C. Instituto de Optica, Madrid, Spain, 1990. 39. The cost of trichromacy for spatial vision, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, 1991. 40. Color, contrast sensitivity, and the cone mosaic, Rockefeller University, 1992. 41. The passage of light through primate photoreceptors, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain ,1995. 42. Images of cone photoreceptors in the living human eye, University of Chicago, 1995. 43. Images of cone photoreceptors in the living human eye, University of California, San Diego, 1995. 44. Images of cone photoreceptors in the living human eye, Institute for Sensory Research, Syracuse University, 1995. 45. Images of cone photoreceptors in the living human eye, School of Optometry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, 1995. 46. High resolution imaging of the living human retina, Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, May, 1996. 47. Photopigment transmittance imaging, Vision Group, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, May, 1996. 48. Pushing the optical limits of the human eye, Section of Neurobiology and Behavior Seminar, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, May, 1996. 49. Adaptive optics for the human eye, University of Houston College of Optometry, April, 1997. 50. Adaptive optics for the human eye, University of California, San Diego, February, 1998. 51. Adaptive optics for the human eye, University of California, Berkeley, February, 1998. 52. Microscopic imaging of the living human retina, University of Washington, March, 1998. 35 53. Adaptive Optics for the Human Eye, Center for Neural Science, NYU, New York, NY, 4/98. 54. Adaptive Optics for the Human Eye, Department of Ophthalmology, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, NY, NY, 4/98 55. Adaptive Optics for the Human Eye, Bioengineering, UCB, Berkeley, CA, 11/98. 56. High Resolution Retinal Imaging through Adaptive Optics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 12/98 57. Adaptive Optics for the Human Eye, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 12/98. 58. Adaptive Optics for the Human Eye, Broadhurst Distinguished Lecture, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, MA, March, 1999. 59. Color and the Cone Mosaic, Neuroscience Meeting, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, February, 2004. 60. Applications of High Resolution Retinal Imaging with Adaptive Optics, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu, China, August 16, 2005. 61. Retinal Mechanisms of Color and Spatial Vision Revealed with Adaptive Optics, National Institutes of Health, Washington DC, December 12, 2005. 62. The Limits of Human Vision, Rochester Institute of Technology Astronomy Club, Rochester NY, September 8, 2006. 63. Adaptive Optics, University of Pennsylvania, Scheie Eye Institute, Ophthalmology Grand Rounds and Visiting Professor and Guest Lecture Series, Philadelphia PA, December 14, 2006. 64. High Resolution Imaging of the Living Retina with Adaptive Optics, Washington University, Ophthalmology, Jay and Rebakah Enoch Lecture, St Louis MO, March 14, 2007. 65. High Resolution Imaging with Adaptive Optics, New York University, Center for Neural Science, New York NY, March 26, 2007. 66. High Resolution Imaging with Adaptive Optics, SUNY College of Optometry, New York, NY, June 4, 2007. 67. The Role of High Resolution Imaging with Adaptive Optics in Retinal Disease. National Eye Institute/NIH, Bethesda, MD, June 27, 2007. 36 68. Adaptive Optics Imaging in Retinal Disease. Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA, July 11, 2007. 69. How We See in Color, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, January 28, 2008. 70. Imaging Retinal Mosaics in the Living Eye, UT Austin Center for Perceptual Systems, University of Texas at Austin, April 14, 2008. 71. Williams, D.R. Seeing Through Retinal Mosaics. Neuroscience Cluster Symposium, University of Chicago, January 13, 2009. 72. Williams, D.R. Seeing Through Retinal Mosaics. Oxyopia Lecture, Indiana University School of Optometry, January 16, 2009. 73. Williams, D.R. Imaging Retinal Mosaics in the Living Eye. Mount Sinai, School of Medicine in New York, NY, March 20, 2009. 74. Williams, D.R. Imaging Retinal Mosaics in the Living Eye. Patrick Wallace/Mark Evans Named Lecture, Casey Eye Institute, Portland, OR. September 18, 2009. 75. Williams, D.R. Imaging Retinal Mosaics in the Living Eye. LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India, March 10, 2010. 76. Williams, D.R. Imaging Retinal Mosaics in the Living Eye. Laboratory of Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, April 2010. 77. Williams, D.R. Wavefront Technology at the University of Rochester. Flaum Eye Institute Technology Showcase at ARVO. Annual ARVO Meeting, May 2-6, 2010. 78. Williams, D.R. Emerging Imaging Technologies for Ophthalmology. Glaxo Smith Kline, Inc., September 20-21, 2010. 79. Williams, D.R. Imaging Retinal Mosaics in the Living Eye. Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, October 14-15, 2010. 80. Williams, D.R. Imaging Retinal Mosaics in the Living Eye. NYU Center for Neural Science Colloquium, New York, NY, April 18, 2011. BOOKS EDITED 1. Handbook of Optics, Optical Society of America, Editor in Chief, Michael Bass, Assoc. Editors, E.W Van Stryland, D.R. Williams, and W.L. Wolfe, 2nd edition, McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1995. 37 BOOK CHAPTERS, BOOK REVIEWS, AND UNREFEREED PUBLICATIONS 1. Williams, D.R., Collier, R., Thompson, B.J. (1983) Spatial resolution of the short wavelength mechanism. In: Mollon, J.D. and Sharpe, L.T. (eds.) Colour Vision: Physiology and Psychophysics, Academic Press, London. 2. Wagner, S.H., Williams, D.R. (1983) Out of the eyes and ears of babes. Contemporary Psych., 28, 531-532. (Review of "Development in Infancy" by J.G.R. Bower.) 3. Williams, D.R. (1986) Seeing through the photoreceptor mosaic. Trends in Neuroscience, 9, 193-198. 4. Williams, D.R. (1986) The mind's eye. Quarterly Review of Biology, 61, 574-575. (Review of readings from Scientific American, with introductions by Jeremy M. Wolfe.) 5. Williams, D.R. (1990) Seeing in the light and in the dark. Optics and Photonics News, 1, 36-37. 6. Williams, D.R. (1990) The invisible cone mosaic. In Advances in Photoreception. Proceedings of a Symposium on Frontiers of Visual Science, (National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.), pp. 135-148. 7. Williams, D.R. (1990) Photoreceptor sampling and aliasing in human vision. In: Moore, D.T. (Ed.), Tutorials in Optics, Optical Society of America. 8. Tiana, C.L.M., Williams, D.R., Coletta, N.J., Haake, P.W. (1991) A model of aliasing in extrafoveal human vision. In: Landy, M., and Movshon, A. (Eds.) Computational Models of Visual Processing. MIT Press. pp. 36-56. 9. Lennie, P., Haake, W., Williams, D.R. (1991) The design of chromatically opponent receptive fields. In: Landy, M., and Movshon, A. (Eds.), Computational Models of Visual Processing. MIT Press. pp. 71-82. 10. Williams, D.R., Sekiguchi, N., Haake, W., Brainard, D., Packer, O. (1991) The cost of trichromacy for spatial vision. In: Lee, B. and Valberg, A (Eds.) From Pigments to Perception. New York: Plenum Press. pp. 11-22. 11. Williams, D.R. (1991) Progress in vision research. Optics & Photonics News, 2, 89. 12. Roorda, A., Williams, D.R. (1997) New directions in imaging the retina. Optics & Photonics News, 8, 23-29. 13. Liang, J., Williams, D.R., Miller, D.T. (1997) Imaging photoreceptors in the living eye with adaptive optics. In: Lakshminarayanan, V. (Ed.). Basic and Clinical Applications of Vision Science, The Professor Jay M. Enoch Festschrift Volume, 38 Documeta Ophthalmologica Proceedings Series 60, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordecht, the Netherlands, 43-46. 14. Packer, O.S., Williams, D.R. (1997) Photopigment absorptance and directional sensitivity in peripheral primate retina. Lakshminarayanan, V. (Ed.) Basic and Clinical Applications of Vision Science, The Professor Jay M. Enoch Festschrift Volume, Documeta Ophthalmologica Proceedings Series 60, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordecht, the Netherlands, 47-50. 15. Williams, D.R., Roorda, A. (1999) The trichromatic cone mosaic in the human eye Karl R Gegenfurtner and Lindsay T. Sharpe (Eds). Color Vision: From Genes To Perception. Cambridge University Press, 113-122. 16. Williams, D.R., Liang, J., Miller, D.T., Roorda, A. (2000). Wavefront Sensing and Adaptive Compensation for the Human Eye. Robert K. Tyson (Ed) Adaptive Optics Engineering Handbook, Marcel Dekker. 287-310. 17. Roorda, A. Williams, D.R. (2000) "Adaptive Optics and Retinal Imaging", OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics Vol. 35, Vision Science and its Applications, Vasudevan Lakshminarayanan, Ed. (Optical Society of America, Washington, DC) 151-162. 18. Porter, J., Guirao, A., Williams, D.R., Cox, I., (2000) "A compact description of the eye's monochromatic aberrations in a large population.", OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics Vol. 35, Vision Science and its Applications, Vasudevan Lakshminarayanan, Ed. (Optical Society of America, Washington, DC) 199-204 19. Yoon, G.Y., Williams, D.R., (2000) "Visual benefit of correcting the higher order monochromatic aberrations and the chromatic aberration in the eye." OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics Vol. 35, Vision Science and its Applications, Vasudevan Lakshminarayanan, Ed. (Optical Society of America, Washington, DC) 205-211 20. Williams, D.R., Yoon, G.Y., Guirao, A., Hofer, H., Porter, J., (2001) How far can we extend the limits of human vision? In: MacRae, Scott M., Krueger, Ronald R., Applegate, Raymond A. Customized Corneal Ablation: The Quest for SuperVision. Slack, Incorporated, Thorofare, NJ, 11-32. 21. Roorda, A., Williams, D.R., (2001) Retinal imaging using adaptive optics In: MacRae, Scott M., Krueger, Ronald R., Applegate, Raymond A. Customized Corneal Ablation: The Quest for SuperVision. Slack, Incorporated, Thorofare, NJ, 41-50. 22. Doble, N., Yoon, G.Y., Chen, L., Williams, D.R. (2001) Alternative Wavefront Correctors for Adaptive Optics in the Human Eye., Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on the Use of Adaptive Optics for Industry and Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA. 39 23. Hofer, H., Williams, D.R. (2002) The eye's mechanisms for autocalibration. Optics & Photonics News, 02/01, 34-39. 24. Applegate, R., Azar, D., Klyce, S., Williams, D.R. Corneal Topography versus Wavefront Sensing. Review of Refractive Surgery 2002, 3(3), 7-13. 25. Williams, D.R. What Adaptive Optics Can Do For The Eye. Review of Refractive Surgery 2002, 3(3), 14-20. 26. Packer, O., Williams, D.R. (2003) Light, the retinal image, and photoreceptors. In: S. Shevell (Ed.) The Science of Color, 2nd Edition, Elsevier, Oxford, p. 41-102. 27. Williams, D.R. (2003) Wavefront basics. In: J.B. Koury (Ed.) Wavefront and Emerging Refractive Technologies, Proceedings of the 51st Annual Symposium of the New Orleans Academy of Ophthalmology, New Orleans, LA, USA, February 22-24, 2002, Kluger, The Hague, The Netherlands, p. 3-16. 28. Williams, D.R. (2003) What Adaptive Optics Can Do For The Eye? In: J.B. Koury (Ed.) Wavefront and Emerging Refractive Technologies, Proceedings of the 51st Annual Symposium of the New Orleans Academy of Ophthalmology, New Orleans, LA, USA, February 22-24, 2002, Kluger, The Hague, The Netherlands, p. 147-157. 29. Artal, P., Chen, L., Fernandez, E., Singer, B., Manzanera, S., Williams, D.R. (2003) Adaptive Optics for Vision: The Eye's Adaptation to Its Point Spread Function. J. Refrac. Surgery, 19, p. S585-S587. 30. Williams, D.R., Hofer, H. (2003) Formation and acquisition of the retinal image. In: Chalupa, L.M. and Werner, J.S. The Visual Neurosciences, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, p. 795-810. 31. Kurczynski, P., Bogart, G., Lai, W., Lifton, V., Mansfield, B., Tyson, J.A., Sadoulet, B., Williams, D.R. (2003) Electrostatically actuated membrane mirrors for adaptive optics, Proceedings of SPIE, Vol. 4983, pp. 250-258. 32. Artal, P., Chen, L., Fernandez, E., Singer, B., Manzanera, S., Williams, D.R. (2003) Adaptive optics for vision: the eye’s adaptation to its point spread function. Supplement to the Journal of Refractive Surgery, June 2003. 33. Williams, D.R., Porter, J., Yoon, G.Y., Guirao, A., Hofer, H., Chen, L., Cox, I., MacRae, S. (2004) How far can we extend the limits of human vision? In: MacRae, Scott M., Krueger, Ronald R., Applegate, Raymond A. Wavefront Customized Visual Correction: The Quest for SuperVision II. Slack, Incorporated, Thorofare, NJ, p. 19-38. 34. Williams, D.R., Applegate, R., Thibos, L. (2004) Metrics to predict the subjective impact of the eye's wave aberration. In: MacRae, Scott M., Krueger, Ronald R., Applegate, Raymond A. Wavefront Customized Visual Correction: The Quest for SuperVision II. Slack, Incorporated, Thorofare, NJ, p. 77-84. 40 35. Roorda, A., Williams, D.R. (2004) Retinal imaging using adaptive optics. In: MacRae, Scott M., Krueger, Ronald R., Applegate, Raymond A. Wavefront Customized Visual Correction: The Quest for SuperVision II. Slack, Incorporated, Thorofare, NJ, p. 43-54. 36. Williams, D.R. (2004) Center for Visual Science 61. In: Stroud, Carlos R. Jr. A Jewel in the Crown Essays in Honor of the 75th Anniversary of The Institute of Optics. Meliora Press, Rochester, NY, p. 320-323. 37. Carroll, J., Gray, D., Roorda, A. Williams, D.R. (2005) Recent advances in retinal imaging with adaptive optics. Optics and Photonics News 16(1): p. 36-42. 38. Roorda, A., Venkateswaran, K., Romero-Borja, F., Williams, D.R., Carroll, J., Hofer, H. (2006) Adaptive Optics Ophthalmoscopy. In: Huang, D., Kaiser, P.K., Lowder, C.Y., Traboulsi, E. (Eds.) Atlas of Posterior Segment Imaging, Elsevier Science, Philadelphia, PA. p. 125-133. 39. Williams, D.R. (2006) Foreword to Adaptive Optics for Vision Science. Porter, J. Ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken New Jersey, pp. xvii-xix. 40. Williams, D.R., Porter, J. (2006) Development of Adaptive Optics in Vision Science and Ophthalmology. In: Porter, Queener, Lin, Thorn, Awwal. (Eds.) Adaptive Optics for Vision Science, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken New Jersey, pp. 329. 41. Hofer, H., Porter, J., Yoon, G.Y., Chen, L., Singer, B., Williams, D.R. (2006) Rochester Adaptive Optics Ophthalmoscope. In: Porter, Queener, Lin, Thorn, Awwal. (Eds.) Adaptive Optics for Vision Science, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken New Jersey, pp. 397-415. 42. Shroff, S., Fienup, J.R., Williams, D.R. (2008) OTF compensation in structured illumination superresolution images. Proc. Of SPIE Vol. 7094, 709402-1-70940211. 43. Dubra, A., Gray, D., Morgan, J., Williams, D.R. (2008) MEMS in adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy: achievements and challenges. Proc. Of SPIE Vol. 6888, 688803-1-688803-13. 44. Hofer, H., Carroll, J., Williams, D.R. (2009) Photoreceptor Mosaic. In: Squire LR (ed.) Encyclopedia of Neuroscience, volume 7, pp. 661-668. 45. Dubra, A., Gray, D., Morgan, J., Williams, D.R. (2008) MEMS in adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy: achievements and challenges. Proc. Of SPIE Vol. 6888, 688803-1-688803-13. 46. Yin, L., Williams, D.R. (2011) Adaptive Optics. In: Behearse and Bok (Eds.) The Retina and its Disorders, Academic Press, April 2011. 41 REFEREED PUBLICATIONS 1. Williams, D.R., MacLeod, D.I.A. (1979) Interchangeable backgrounds for cone afterimages. Vision Res., 19, 867-878. 2. Williams, D.R. (1980) Visual consequences of the foveal pit. Invest. Ophthalmol., 19, 653-667. 3. Williams, D.R., MacLeod, D.I.A., Hayhoe, M.M. (1981a) Foveal tritanopia. Vision Res., 21, 1341-1356. 4. Williams, D.R., MacLeod, D.I.A., Hayhoe, M.M. (1981b) Punctate sensitivity of the blue sensitive mechanism. Vision Res., 21, 1357-1376. 5. Frome, F., MacLeod, D., Buck, S., Williams, D.R. (1981) Habituation to flashed peripheral targets. Vision Res., 21, 1323-1328. 6. Krauskopf, J., Williams, D.R., Heeley, D.W. (1981) A computer controlled color mixer with laser primaries. Vision Res., 21, 951-954. 7. Krauskopf, J., Williams, D.R., Heeley, D.W. (1982) Cardinal directions in color space. Vision Res., 22, 1123-1131. 8. Williams, D.R., Collier, R. (1983) Consequences of spatial sampling by a human photoreceptor mosaic. Science, 221, 385-387. 9. Hayhoe, M.M., Williams, D.R. (1984) Suppression of afterimages from "impossible" locations in space. Perception, 13, 455-459. 10. Grinberg, D.L., Williams, D.R. (1985) Stereopsis with chromatic signals from the blue-sensitive mechanism. Vision Res., 25, 531-537. 11. Williams, D.R. (1985) Aliasing in human foveal vision. Vision Res., 25, 195-205. 12. Williams, D.R. (1985) Visibility of interference fringes near the resolution limit. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, 2, 1087-1093. 13. Krauskopf, J., Williams, D.R., Mandler, M.B., Brown, A.M. (1986) Higher order color mechanisms. Vision Res, 26, 23-32. 14. Williams, D.R., Coletta, N.J. (1987) Cone spacing and the visual resolution limit. J. Opt. Soc. Am., 4, 1514-1523. 15. Coletta, N.J., Williams, D.R. (1987) Psychophysical estimate of extrafoveal cone spacing. J. Opt. Soc. Am., 4, 1503-1513 42 16. Williams, D.R. (1988) Topography of the foveal cone mosaic in the living human eye. Vision Res., 28, 433-454. 17. Sekiguchi, N., Williams, D.R. (1989) Analyses of the Living Human Cone Mosaic with Laser Interferometry. Japanese Journal of Optics, 18, 510-515. 18. Coletta, N.J., Williams, D.R., Tiana, C.L.M. (1990) Consequences of spatial sampling for human motion perception. Vision Res., 30, 1631-1648. 19. Sekiguchi, N., Williams, D.R., Packer, O. (1991) Nonlinear distortion of gratings at the foveal resolution limit. Vision Res., 31, 815-831. 20. MacLeod, D.I.A., Williams, D.R., Makous, W. (1992) A visual nonlinearity fed by single cones. Vision Res., 32, 347-363. 21. Packer, O., Williams, D.R. (1992) Blurring by fixational eye movements. Vision Res, 32, 1931-1939. 22. Galvin, S.J., Williams, D.R. (1992) No aliasing at edges in normal viewing. Vision Res., 32, 2251-2259. 23. Brainard, D.H., Williams, D.R. (1993) Spatial reconstruction of signals from shortwavelength cones. Vision Res., 33, 105-116. 24. Chen, B., Makous, W., Williams, D.R. (1993) Serial spatial filters in vision. Vision Res., 33, 413-427. 25. Navarro, R., Artal, P., Williams, D.R. (1993) Modulation transfer of the human eye as a function of retinal eccentricity. J. Opt. Soc. Am.. A, 10, 201-212. 26. Sekiguchi, N., Williams, D.R., Brainard, D.H. (1993) Aberration-free measurements of isoluminant contrast sensitivity. J. Opt. Soc. Am.. A ,10, 2105-2117. 27. Sekiguchi, N., Williams, D.R., Brainard, D.H. (1993) Efficiency for detecting isoluminant and isochromatic interference fringes. J. Opt. Soc. Am., A 10, 21182133. 28. Williams, D., Sekiguchi, N., Brainard, D. (1993) Color, contrast sensitivity, and the cone mosaic. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 90, 9770-9777. 29. Williams, D.R., Brainard, D.H., McMahon, M.J., Navarro, R. (1994) Double-pass and interferometric measures of the optical quality of the eye. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, 11, 3123-3135. 30. Artal, P., Marcos, S., Navarro, R., Williams, D.R. (1995) Odd-order aberrations and double pass measurements of retinal image quality. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A., 12, 195201. 43 31. Miller, D.T., Cho, D.J., Morris, G.M., Williams, D.R. (1995) Bispectral imaging through unknown deterministic aberrations. J. of Mod. Optics , 42, 1523-1546. 32. Miller, D., Williams, D.R., Morris, G.M., Liang, J. (1996) Images of cone photoreceptors in the living human eye. Vision Res., 36, 1067-1079 33. Galvin, S. J., Williams, D.R., Coletta, N.J. (1996) The spatial grain of motion perception in human peripheral vision. Vision Res., 36, 2283-2295. 34. Packer, O.S., Williams, D.R., Bensinger, D.G. (1996) Photopigment transmittance imaging of the primate photoreceptor mosaic. J. Neurosci., 16, 2251-2260. 35. O'Shea, R.P., Williams, D.R. (1996) Binocular rivalry with isoluminant stimuli visible only via the short-wavelength-sensitive cones. Vision Res., 36, 1561-1571. 36. Williams, D.R., Artal, P., Navarro, R., McMahon, M.J., Brainard, D.H. (1996) Offaxis optical quality and retinal sampling in the human eye. Vision Res., 36, 11031114. 37. Liang, J., Williams, D.R. (1997) Aberrations and retinal image quality of the normal human eye. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A., 14, 2873-2883. 38. Liang, J., Williams, D.R., Miller, D.T. (1997) Supernormal vision and high resolution retinal imaging through adaptive optics. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A., 14, 2884-2892. 39. Roorda, A., Williams, D.R. (1999) The arrangement of the three cone classes in the living human eye. Nature, 397, 520-522. 40. Dacey, D.M., Diller, L.C., Williams, D.R. (2000) Physiology of L and M cone inputs to H1 horizontal cells in primate retina. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A. 17, 589-596. 41. Brainard, D.H., Roorda, A., Yamauchi, Y., Calderone, H.B., Metha, A., Neitz, M., Neitz, J., Williams, D.R., Jacobs, G.H. (2000) Functional Consequences of the Relative Numbers of L and M Cones. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A. 17, 607-614. 42. Deeb, S.S., Diller, L.C., Williams, D.R., Dacey, D.M. (2000) Interindividual and topographical variation of L:M cone ratios in monkey retinae. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A. 17, 538-544. 43. McMahon, M.J., Lankheet, M.J.M., Lennie, P., Williams, D.R. (2000) Fine structure of parvocellular receptive fields in the primate fovea revealed by laser interferometry. J. Neuroscience. 20(5):2043-2053. 44. Williams, D.R., Yoon, G.Y., Porter, J., Guirao, A., Hofer, H., Cox, I., (2000) Visual benefit of correcting higher order aberrations of the eye. J. of Refractive Surgery. 16, S554-S559. 44 45. Hofer, H., Artal, P., Singer, B., Aragón, J.L., Williams, D.R. (2001) Dynamics of the eye’s wave aberration, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A. 18, 497-506. 46. Packer, O., Diller, L., Verweij, J., Lee, B., Pokorny, J., Williams, D.R., Dacey, D., Brainard, D. (2001) Characterization and use of a digital light projector for vision research. Vision Research, 41, 427-439. 47. Roorda, A., Metha, A., Lennie, P., Williams, D.R., (2001) Packing arrangement of the three cone classes in the primate retina. Vision Research, 41(12), 1291-1306. 48. Porter, J., Guirao, A., Cox, I., Williams, D.R. (2001) Monochromatic aberrations of the human eye in a large population. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A., 18, (8), 1793-1803. 49. Guirao, A., Williams, D.R., Cox, I., (2001) Effect of rotation and translation on the expected benefit of an ideal method to correct the eye's higher-order aberrations. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, 18 (5), 1003-1015. 50. MacRae, S., Williams, D.R., (2001) Wavefront Guided Ablation. American Journal of Ophthalmology, 132:6, 915-919. 51. Hofer, H., Chen, L., Yoon, G.Y., Singer, B., Yamauchi, Y., Williams, D.R. (2001) Improvement in retinal image quality with dynamic correction of the eye's aberrations. Optics Express 8, 631-643. 52. Artal, P., Guirao, A., Berrio, E., Williams, D.R., (2001) Compensation of corneal aberrations by the internal optics in the human eye. Journal of Vision, (R1), 1-8. 53. Yoon, G.Y., Williams, D.R., (2002) Visual performance after correcting the monochromatic and chromatic aberrations of the eye. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, 19, (2), 266-275. 54. Guirao, A., Cox, I., Williams, D.R. (2002) Method for optimizing the benefit of correcting the eye's higher- order aberrations in the presence of decentrations. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, 19(1), 126-128. 55. Guirao, A., Porter, J., Williams, D.R., Cox, I. (2002) Calculated impact of higherorder monochromatic aberrations on retinal image quality in a population of human eyes: erratum. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, 19(3), 620-628. 56. Neitz, J., Carroll, J., Yamauchi, Y., Neitz, M., Williams, D.R. (2002) Color Perception is Mediated by a Plastic Neural Mechanism that Remains Adjustable in Adults. Neuron, 35, 783-792. 57. Roorda, A., Williams, D.R. (2002) Optical fiber properties of individual human cones. Journal of Vision, 2, 404-412. 45 58. Doble, N., Yoon, G.Y., Chen, L., Bierden, P., Singer, B., Olivier, S., Williams, D.R. (2002) Use of a microelectromechanical mirror for adaptive optics in the human eye. Optics Letters, 27(17), 1537-1539. 59. Guirao, A., Williams, D.R. (2003) A method to predict refractive errors from wave aberration data. Optometry and Vision Science, 80(1), p. 36-42. 60. Porter, J., MacRae, S., Yoon, G.Y., Roberts, C., Cox, I., Williams, D.R. (2003) Separate effects of microkeratome incision and laser ablation on the eye's wave aberration. Am. J. Ohthal., 136(2), p. 327-337. 61. Guirao, A., Williams, D.R., MacRae, S. (2003) Effect of beam size on the expected benefit of customized laser refractive surgery. J. Refractive Surgery, 19, p. 15-23. 62. Pallikaris, A., Williams, D.R., Hofer, H. (2003) The reflectance of single cones in the living human eye. IOVS, 44 (10), p. 4580-4592. 63. Diller, L., Packer, O., Verweij, J., McMahon, M., Williams, D.R., Dacey, D. (2004) L- and M- cone contributions to the midget and parasol ganglion cell receptive fields of macaque monkey retina. J. Neuroscience, 24, p. 1079-1088. 64. Artal, P., Chen, L., Fernandez, E.J., Singer, B., Manzanera, S., Williams, D.R. (2004) Neural compensation for the eye's optical aberrations. JOV, 4, p. 281-287. 65. Huxlin, K., Yoon, G.Y., Nagy, L., Brandon, E., Porter, J., Cox, I., MacRae, S., Williams, D.R. (2004) Monochromatic ocular wave-front aberrations in the awakebehaving cat. Vision Research, 44, p. 2159-2169. 66. Carroll, J., Neitz, M., Hofer, H., Neitz, J., Williams, D.R. (2004) Functional photoreceptor loss revealed with adaptive optics: An alternate cause of color blindness. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol 101, No. 22, p. 8461-8466. PMID:15148406[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] PMCID: PMC420416 67. Doble, N., Williams, D.R. (2004) The application of MEMS technology for adaptive optics in vision science. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, Vol 10, No. 3, p. 629-635. 68. Christou, J., Roorda, A., Williams, D.R. (2004) Deconvolution of adaptive optics retinal images. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, 21(8), p. 1393-1401. 69. Yoon, G.Y., MacRae, S., Williams, D.R., Cox, I. (2005) Causes of spherical aberration induced by laser refractive surgery. J. Cataract Refractive Surgery; 31:127-135. 70. Hofer, H., Carroll, J., Neitz, J., Neitz, M., Williams, D.R. (2005) Organization of the human trichromatic cone mosaic. J Neurosci 2005;25(42):9669-9679. 46 71. Hofer, H., Singer, B., Williams, D.R. (2005) Different sensations from cones with the same photopigment. Journal of Vision, p. 444-454. 72. Choi, S., Doble, N., Lin, J., Christou, J., Williams, D.R. (2005) Effect of wavelength on in vivo images of the human cone mosaic. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, 22(12). 73. Putnam, N., Hofer, H., Doble, N., Chen, L., Carroll, J., Williams, D.R. (2005) The locus of fixation and the foveal cone mosaic. Journal of Vision, 0, p. 1-8. 74. Chen, L., Singer, B., Guirao, A., Porter, J., Williams, D.R. (2005) Image metrics for predicting subjective image quality. Optometry and Vision Science, 82(5), p. 358369. 75. Porter, J., Yoon, G.Y., MacRae, S., Pan, G., Twietmeyer, T., Cox, I., Williams, D.R. (2005) Surgeon offsets and dynamic eye movements in laser refractive surgery. J. Cataract Refractive Surgery, 31, p. 2058-2066. 76. Chen, L., Kruger, P., Hofer, H., Singer, B., Williams, D.R. (2006) Accommodation with higher-order monochromatic aberrations corrected with adaptive optics. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, 23(1). 77. Porter, J., Yoon, G.Y., Lozano, D., Wolfing, J., Tumbar, R., MacRae, S., Cox, I.G., Williams, D.R. (2006) Aberrations induced in wavefront-guided laser refractive surgery due to shifts between natural and dilated pupil center locations. J. Cataract Refract. Surg. 32, p. 21-32. 78. Wolfing, J., Chung, M., Carroll, J., Roorda, A., Williams, D.R. (2006) Highresolution retinal imaging of cone-rod dystrophy. Ophthalmology, 113(6): p. 1019. 79. Makous, W., Carroll, J., Wolfing, J., Lin, J., Christie, N., Williams, D.R. (2006) Retinal microscotomas revealed with adaptive-optics microflashes. IOVS, 47(9), p. 4160-4167. PMID:16936137[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 80. Gray, D., Merigan, W., Wolfing, J., Gee, B., Porter, J., Dubra, A., Twietmeyer, T., Ahmad, K., Tumbar, R., Reinholz, F., Williams, D.R. (2006) In vivo fluorescence imaging of primate retinal ganglion cells and retinal pigment epithelial cells. Optics Express, Vol. 14(16), p. 7144-7158. 81. Sabesan, R., Jeong, T.M., Cox, I., Williams, D.R., Yoon, G.Y. (2007) Vision improvement by correcting higher-order aberrations with customized soft contact lenses in keratoconic eyes. Optics Letters, Vol. 32 (8), p. 1000-1002. 82. Baraas, R., Carroll, J., Gunther, K., Chung, M., Williams, D.R., Foster, D., Neitz, M. (2007) Adaptive-optics retinal imaging reveals S-cone dystrophy in tritan colorvision deficiency. JOSA A, 23(5), p. 1438-1447. PMID:17429491[PubMed indexed for MEDLINE] PMCID: PMC2082754 47 83. Doble, N., Miller, D.T., Yoon, G.Y., Williams, D.R. (2007) Requirements for discrete actuator and segmented wavefront correctors for aberration compensation in two large populations of human eyes. Appl Opt 46(20) p. 4501-4514. 84. Chen, L., Artal, P., Gutierrez, D., Williams, D.R. (2007) Neural compensation for the best aberration correction. Journal of Vision, Vol. 7, No. 10, Article 9, p. 1-9. 85. Gray, D.C., Merigan, W., Wolfe, R., Gee, B., Scoles, D., Geng, Y., Masella, B.D., Dubra, A., Luque, S., Williams, D.R. (2008) In vivo imaging of the fine structure of rhodamine labeled macaque retinal ganglion cells. IOVS, 49(1), 467-473. 86. Morgan, J.I.W., Hunter, J.J., Masella, B., Wolfe, R., Gray, D.C., Merigan, W.H., Delori, F.C., William, D.R. (2008) Light induced retinal changes observed with high resolution autofluorescence imaging of the retinal pigment epithelium. IOVS, 49(8), 3715-3729. 87. Brainard, D.H., Williams, D.R., Hofer, H. (2008) Trichromatic reconstruction from the interleaved cone mosaic: Bayesian model and the color appearance of small spots. Journal of Vision, May 29;8(5):15,1-23. 88. Carroll, J., Choi, S.S., Williams, D.R. (2008) In vivo imaging of the photoreceptor mosaic of a rod monochromat. Vision Research Nov;48(26):2564-2568. PMID:18499214[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] PMCID: PMC2582057 89. Shroff, S., Fienup, J.R., Williams, D.R. (2009) Phase-shift estimation in sinusoidally illuminated images for lateral superresolution. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A Opt Image Sci Vis. 2009 Feb;26(2):413-424. 90. Morgan, J.I.W., Dubra, A., Wolfe, R., Merigan, W.H., Williams, D.R. (2009) In vivo autofluorescence imaging of the human and macaque retinal pigment epithelial cell mosaic. IOVS, March;(50)3, 1350-1359. 91. Geng, Y., Greenberg, K.P., Wolfe, R., Gray, D.C., Hunter, J.J., Dubra, A., Flannery, J.G., Williams, D.R., Porter, J. (2009) In vivo imaging of microscopic structures in the rat retina. Invest. Ophtalmol. Vis. Sci. 2009 Dec;50(12):5872-9. Epub 2009 Jul;2. 92. Morgan, J.I.W., Hunter, J.J., Merigan, W.H., Williams, D.R. (2009) The reduction of retinal autofluorescence caused by light exposure. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009 Dec;50(12):6015-22. Epub 2009 Jul 23. 93. Scoles, D., Gray, D.C., Hunter, J.J., Wolfe, R., Gee, B.P., Geng, Y., Masella, B.D., Libby, R.T., Russell, S., Williams, D.R., Merigan, W.H. (2009) In vivo imaging of retinal nerve fiber layer vasculature: imaging – histology comparison. BMC Ophthalmology August 2009, 9:9 doi:10.1186/1471-2415-9-9. 94. Gomez-Vieyra, A., Dubra, A., Malacara-Hernandez, D., Williams, D.R., (2009) First-order design of off-axis reflective ophthalmic adaptive optics systems using 48 afocal telescopes. Optics Express, Vol. 17 Issue 21, pp.18906-18919. PMID: 20372626 [PubMed] 95. Carroll, J., Baraas, R.C., Wagner-Schuman, M., Rha, J., Siebe, C.A., Sloan, C., Tait, D.M., Thompson, S., Morgan, J.I., Neitz, J., Williams, D.R., Foster, D.H., Neitz, M. (2009) Cone photoreceptor mosaic disruption associated with Cys203Arg mutation in the M-cone opsin. Proc. Nat’l. Acad. Sci. USA. 106(49):20948-53. PMID:19934058[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] PMCID: PMC2791574 96. Shroff, S., Fienup, J.R., Williams, D.R. (2010) Lateral superresolution using a posteriori phase shift estimation for a moving object – experimental results. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A Opt Image Sci Vis. 27(8):1770-82. 97. Carroll, J., Rossi, E.A., Porter, J., Neitz, J., Roorda, A., Williams, D.R., Neitz, M. (2010) Deletion of the x-linked opsin gene array locus control region (LCR) results in disruption of the cone mosaic. Vision Res. 2010 Sep 15;50(19):1989-1999. Epub 2010 Jul 16. PMID:20638402[PubMed - in process] PMCID: PMC3005209 98. Wagner-Schuman, M., Neitz, J., Rha, J., Williams, D.R., Neitz, M., Carroll, J. (2010) Color-deficient cone mosaics associated with Xq28 opsin mutations: A stop codon versus gene deletions. Vision Res. 2010 Sep 10; 50:2396-2402. PMID:20854834[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] PMCID: PMC2975855 99. Palczewska, G., Maeda, T., Imanishi, Y., Sun, W., Chen, Y., Williams, D.R., Maeda, A., Palczewski, K. (2010) Noninvasive multiphoton fluorescence microscopy resolves retinol condensation products in mouse eyes. Nat. Med. 2010 Dec; 16(12):1444-9. [Epub 2010 Nov 14] 100. Hunter, J., Masella, B., Dubra, A., Sharma, R., Yin, L., Merigan, W., Palczewska, G., Palczewski, K., Williams, D.R. (2011) Images of photoreceptors in living primate eyes using adaptive optics two-photon ophthalmoscopy. Biomedical Optics Express Vol. 2, Iss. 1, pp. 139-148. 101. Doble, N., Choi, S., Codona, J., Christou, J., Enoch, J., Williams, D.R. (2011) In vivo imaging of the human rod photoreceptor mosaic. Opt. Lett., 36(1), 31-3. 102. Yin, L., Masella, B., Mourot, D., Hunter, J., Williams, D.R., Visel, M., Wolfe, B., Greenberg, K., Kolstad, K., Stone, D., Libby, R., DiLoreto, D., Schaffer, D., Flannery, J., Merigan, W. (2011) Intravitreal injection of AAV2 transduces macaque inner retina. Invest. Ophtalmol. Vis. Sci. 2011 Feb [Epub ahead of print] 103. Rossi, E.A., Chung, M., Dubra, A., Hunter, J.J., Merigan, W., Williams, D.R. (2011) Imaging retinal mosaics in the living eye. Eye 25: 301-308; doi:10.1038/eye.2010.221. PMID: 21390064 [PubMed – in process] 104. Geng, Y., Schery, L., Sharma, R., Dubra, A., Ahmad, K., Libby, R., Williams, D.R. (2011) Optical properties of the mouse eye. Biomedical Optics Express Vol. 2, Iss. 4, pp. 717-738. 49 105. Dubra, A., Sulai, Y., Norris, J., Cooper, R., Dubis, A., Williams, D.R., Carroll, J. (2011) Non-invasive in vivo imaging of the human rod photoreceptor mosaic using a confocal adaptive optics scanning ophthalmoscope. Biomedical Optics Express, Vol. 2, Issue 7, pp. 1864-1876 (2011). doi:10.1364/BOE.2.001864 NIHMSID 307235 106. Williams, D.R. (2011) Imaging single cells in the living retina. Vision Research, Jul;51(13):1379-1396. doi: 10.1016 107. Hunter, J.J., Morgan, J.I.W., Merigan, B.H., Sliney, D.H., Sparrow, J.R., Williams, D.R. (2012) Progress in Retinal and Eye Research. Elsevier, 31, pp. 28-42. PATENTS 1. Method and apparatus for improving vision and the resolution of retinal images. Inventors: Williams, D.R., Liang, J. U.S. Patent #5,777,719, July 7, 1998. (Parent) U.S. Patent #5,949,521, September 7, 1999. (Continuation) U.S. Patent #6,095,651, August 1, 2000. (Continuation) U.S. Patent #6,379,005, April 30, 2002. (Continuation) U.S. Patent #6,948,818, September 27, 2005. (Continuation) U.S. Patent #7,416,305 B2, August 26, 2008. 2. Rapid, automatic measurement of the eye’s wave aberration. Inventors: Williams, D.R., Vaughn, W., Singer, B., Hofer, H., Yoon, G-Y, Artal, P, Aragon, J.L., Prieto, P., Vargas, F. U.S. Patent #6,199,986, March 13, 2001. (Parent) U.S. Patent #6,299,311, October 9, 2001 (Continuation) U.S. Patent #6,827,444, December 7, 2004 (Continuation) 3. Wavefront sensor with off-axis illumination. Inventors: Williams, D.R. and Yoon, G-Y. U.S. Patent #6,264,328, July 24, 2001. (Parent) Australian Patent #781573, September 15, 2005. Singapore Patent #88416, January 27, 2006. European Patent #1235508, August 9, 2006. Brazilian Patent #PI0014924-1, February 25, 2009. 4. Apparatus and method for improving vision and retinal imaging. Inventors: Williams, D.R., Yoon, G.Y., Guirao, A. U.S. Patent #6,338,559, January 15, 2002. (Parent) Hong Kong Patent #HK 1024157, August 19, 2005. 5. Determination of ocular refraction from wavefront aberration data & design of optimum customized correction. Inventors: Williams, D.R., Guirao, A. U.S. Patent #6,511,180, January 28, 2003. (Parent) 50 European Patent #1324689, August 2, 2006. 6. Metrics to predict the subjective impact of the eye’s wave aberration. Inventor: Williams, D.R. U.S. Patent #10,833,277, April 28, 2004. U.S. Patent #7,357,509 B2, April 15, 2008. 7. Improving vision and retinal imaging Inventors: Williams, D.R., Yoon, G.Y., Guirao, A. Australian Patent #2001257042, September 1, 2005. Korean Patent #0841658, June 20, 2008. Mexican Patent #260244, September 3, 2008. Japanese Patent #4289814, April 10, 2009. 8. Sharpness metric for vision quality Inventor: Williams, D.R. U.S. Patent #7,077,522 B2, July 18, 2006. 9. Method and apparatus for imaging an eye Inventor: Williams, D.R., Morgan, J., Gray, D., Dubra, A. Application #11/798,902, May 17, 2007. 10. Structured illumination for imaging of stationary and non-stationary, fluorescent and non-fluorescent, objects. Inventors: Shroff, S., Fienup, J., Williams, D.R. U.S. Patent #12,100,723, April 10, 2008. 11. Apparatus for improving vision and resolution of retinal images Inventor: Williams, D.R. Japanese Patent #4105237, April 4, 2008. Canadian Patent #2275762, November 24, 2009. 12. Ocular Dispersion Compensation by Shaping Ultrashort Pulses for TwoPhoton Retinal Imaging in Non-Human Primates Inventor: Sharma, R., Williams, D.R., Hunter, J., Dubra, A. U.S. Disclosure No. 2-11150-11019. January 27, 2011. REFERENCES AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST 51