Nilabja Ghosh India`s Agricultural Marketing Market Reforms

Transcription

Nilabja Ghosh
India's Agricultural
Marketing
Market Reforms and Emergence
of New Channels
4^ Springer
Contents
1 Introduction
1.1 Evolution of Agricultural Markets: No End in Sight
]. 1.1 From Subsistence to the Exchange Economy
1.1.2 The Unresolved Middleman
1.1.3 Agricultural Markets and Competitions
1.1.4 Vertical Integration
1.2 Context
1.2.1 Apprehensions: Real or Misplaced?
1.2.2 Potentials in India
1.2.3 Alternative Marketing Models
1.3 Organization
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2 Evolution and Reconstitution of Markets
2.1 Markets and Marketing
2.1.1 The Agro-marketing Business and Market Chains
2.1.2 Evolution of the Marketing Channel and Persistence
of Dualism in Traditional Economies
2.1.3 Rise of Marketing Policy and its Failings
2.2 Stepping on to Reforms
2.2.1 Multi-market Interactions of Product Marketing
with Social Relations
2.2.2 Transaction Cost
2.2.3 Explaining Channel Lengths
2.2.4 Vertical Coordination
2.2.5 A Rethinking on Prices
2.2.6 Diversification and Product Wastage
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3 International Perspectives and Lessons Gained
3.1 What Experiences in Developed Countries Convey
3.1.1 The Relevance of Transparency and the Demise
of Spot Prices
3.1.2 Entry Barriers Again and Producer Defence
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3.1.3 Loss of Independence
3.1.4 Implications for the Urban Consumer
3.1.5 Agro-ecological Prophesy
3.2 Experiences in Developing Countries and Transitional
Economies
3.2.1 African Experiences
3.2.2 Centralized Economies
3.2.3 Challenges Awaiting India's Public Policy Making ... .
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4 Objectives, Data and Methodology
4.1 Conceptual Framework
4.1.1 The Invisibility of Unproductive
Trading Functions
4.1.2 Reaching Out to Small Farmers
4.1.3 Efficiency, Productivity and Sustainability
4.2 Challenges of Designing the Samples
4.2.1 Definitional Aspects
4.3 Sampling of Farmers
4.4 Sample Details on Traditional Marketing Channels
4.4.1 Problems of Sample Designing
4.4.2 Tracing the Channel Length and Limitations
4.5 Methodology
4.5.1
Channel Performance
4.5.2
Inefficiency of Market and Measurement Issues
4.5.3
Quantified Indicator
4.5.4
Net Adjusted Farmer Price
4.5.5
Gross Marketing Cost
4.5.6 Qualitative Insights
4.5.7
Inclusiveness
4.5.8
Development and Farm Practices
4.5.9
Returns from Land
4.5.10 Difficulties and Limitations
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5 India's Agricultural Markets: Regulation and Revitalization
5.1 Rural Markets
5.2 Early Transitions
5.3 Consumer Protection
5.4 Institutions for Agricultural Marketing
and Recent Tendencies
5.4.1 Market Intervention Scheme
5.5 APMC Acts, Auctions and Evaluation of the Regulated
Markets
5.5.1 Regulated Markets
5.5.2 Pricing and Auctions
5.5.3 Postharvest Losses in Horticulture
5.5.4 Limitations and Evaluations of Regulated Markets ...
5.6 The Case for Reforms
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5.8
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Reforms Through Legislation in India
Hesitations and the Status of Market Reforms
5.8.1 Reforms in Traditional Marketing
5.8.2 Agricultural Marketing Information
and the AGMARKNET
5.9 Conclusion
6 Contemporary Reforms and the Transitions in Sample States ....
6.1 Transitions in Andhra Pradesh
6.1.1 Regulated Marketing
6.1.2 Problems of the Regular System
6.1.3 Amendment
6.1.4 New Channels Emerging
6.2 Marketing Reforms in Madhya Pradesh
6.2.1 Traditional Regulations on Marketing
6.2.2 Amendments
6.2.3 Conflicts, Resolution and Changes
in State System
6.3 Marketing Reforms in Maharashtra
6.3.2 Limitations
6.3.3 Amendment of Maharashtra Agricultural Produce
Marketing (Regulation) Act, 1963
6.3.4 Entry of the Private Sector
6.4 Marketing Reforms in Himachal Pradesh
6.4.2 Problems with the Regular Channel
6.4.3 New Era
6.5 Marketing Reforms in Assam
6.5.1 Traditional Marketing
6.5.2 Failures
6.5.3 Amendment and Progress
6.6 Marketing Reforms in Bihar
6.6.2 Limitations of Regulated Marketing
6.6.3 Reforms?
6.7 Marketing Reforms in Jharkhand
6.7.2 Weaknesses
6.7.3 Advances in Marketing
6.8 Marketing Reforms in West Bengal
6.8.2 Towards Reforms: The Apprehension
in West Bengal
6.9 Marketing Reforms in Uttar Pradesh
6.9.1 Limitation and Changes
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6.10 Marketing Reforms in Punjab
6.11 Marketing Reforms in Haryana
7 Socio-economic Conditions and Agriculture in Sample States
7.1 Districts Under Study
7.1.1
Visakhapatnam District in Andhra Pradesh
7.1.2
Nashik District in Maharashtra
7.1.3
Sehore District in Madhya Pradesh
7.1.4
Shimla and Solan Districts of Himachal Pradesh
7.1.5
Ranchi District in Jharkhand
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Tinsukia and Nagaon Districts of Assam
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Murshidabad District in West Bengal
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Bhagalpur District in Bihar
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Agra, Hathras and Pratapgarh Districts
of Uttar Pradesh
7.1.10 Sonepat, Gurgaon and Kurukshetra Districts
in Haryana
7.1.11 Jalandhar and Ferozepur Districts in Punjab
7.2 Markets and Prices
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8 Selling to Corporate Marketing Intermediaries
8.1 Data and Methodology
8.1.1 Definitions and Methods
8.2 Reforms and Marketing Channels in Sample States
8.2.1 Marketing of Onions and Pomegranates in Nashik:
How the DFPCL-'Saarrthie' Operates
8.2.2 The Adani Marketing Group and Regular Trading
in Himachal Pradesh
8.2.3 ITC and Its e-Choupal in Madhya Pradesh
for Marketing Soya Bean
8.3 Marketing Performance
8.3.1 Do Farmers Gain?
8.3.2 Do Users Gain?
8.3.3 Disposal
8.3.4 Wastage
8.3.5 Price Formation, Market Information and Preference
for Market Channel
8.4 Perceptions of Farmers and Traders
8.4.1 M aharashtra
8.4.2 Madhya Pradesh
8.4.3 Himachal Pradesh
8.5 Who Participates in the Emerging Market?
8.6 Farm Practices
8.7 Conclusions
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Contents
9 Selling to Processors on Contract
9.1.1 Method of Analysis
9.2 Sample Products and Regions: A Background
9.2.1 Assam Sample
9.2.2 Uttar Pradesh Samples
9.2.3 Punjab Sample
9.2.4 How the Channels Operate
9.2.5 Contracts with Processors Among Potato Growers
in Assam
9.2.6 Transitions in Uttar Pradesh from Trader Buyers
to Processor Buyers
9.2.7 Developments in Punjab
9.3 Market Performance
9.3.1 Farmer's Gain
9.3.2 Consumer's Gain
9.3.3 Price Fixation and Information Dissemination
9.3.4 Disposal and Wastage
9.4 Perceptions of Stakeholders
9.4.1 Uttar Pradesh
9.4.2 Assam
9.4.3 Punjab
9.5 Who Participates?
9.6 Farming Practices
9.7 Conclusion
10 Selling to Organized Retailers
10.2 Status of Study Regions and Market Functioning
10.3 Emerging and Traditional Marketing Channels
10.3.1 Marketing Through Reliance Fresh in Jharkhand
and Haryana
10.3.2 Mother Dairy as the Intermediary
in Himachal Pradesh
10.4.1 Farmer Gains
10.4.2 Consumer Gain
10.4.3 Disposal and Wastage
10.4.4 Price Determination and Information
10.4.5 Perceptions of Different Agents
10.5 Participation
10.6 Farming Practices
10.7 Conclusion
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Contents
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11 Direct Marketing by Farmers
11.2 Status of Study Regions and Market Functioning
11.2.1 Direct Selling by Individual Farmers
in Andhra Pradesh
11.2.2 Direct Selling in Groups in Assam
11.2.3 Bypassing the Commission Agent in Punjab
11.2.4 The Traditional Marketing Channels
11.3.1 Gains for Agriculture
11.3.2 Do Consumers Gain?
11.3.3 Price Fixation and Dissemination
11.3.4 Disposal and Rejection
11.3.5 Wastage
11.4 Perceptions of Market Agents
11.5 Who Participates in the Emerging Market?
11.6 Fanning Practices
11.7 Assessments
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Contracts with Local Traders in West Bengal
12.1 Background
12.2 Market and Market Reforms
12.3 Sample and Methodology
12.3.1 Sample District of Murshidabad
12.4 Marketing Method
12.5.1 Do Farmers Gain?
12.5.2 Wastage and Disposal
12.5.3 Price Information and Preference
12.6 Perceptions
12.7 Who Participates?
12.8 Farm Practices
12.9 Assessments on West Bengal
13 Local Marketing Support in Bihar
13.1 The Progression and Regression of Market Reforms
13.2 Sample Details and Methods
13.2.1 Sample Region and Crop
13.2.2 Methodology
13.3 Marketing Mango
13.4.1 Price Determination
13.4.2 Perceptions
13.5 Participation
13.6 Farm Practices
13.7 Concluding Remarks
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14 The Transition in India: An Integrated View
14.1 Variety of Channels
14.2 Reduction of Marketing Costs and Gain in Efficiency
14.3 Shorter Channels and Traders' Productivity
14.4 Economic Gains for Agriculture
14.5 Participation of Farm Classes
14.6 Sensitivity of Farm Size in Participation
14.7 Farm Practices
14.8 Implications of the Changes
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15 Reconsidering Agricultural Marketing in India
15.1 Looking Forward
15.2 Misgivings and Political Economy Implications
15.3 Markets and Marketing Channels
15.4 Experiences from Other Countries
15.5 Progress of Reforms in India
15.6 Reforms in States
15.6.1 Reforms in Traditional Marketing and the Role
of Traders
15.7 Empirical Findings from Primary Data and Field
Information
15.7.1
Functioning of Emerging Channels
15.7.2
Why Participants Choose the New Channel
15.7.3
Marketing Costs and Gains in Efficiency from
Switching
15.7.4
Gains to Agriculture
15.7.5
Political Economy Implications
15.7.6
Sensitivity of Farm Size in Participation
15.7.7
Farm Practices
15.7.8
Marketing Practices
15.7.9
Other Services Provided by the Buyer
15.7.10 Innovations of Organization
15.7.11 Traditional Markets
15.7.12 Changing Rules of Price Determination
and Significance of Traditional Marketing
15.7.13 Wastage
15.8 Policy Directions
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Appendix
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Bibliography
^95
Index
^03

Nilabja Ghosh India`s Agricultural Marketing Market Reforms

Transcription

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