MAP SOP at Julier Pass

Transcription

MAP SOP
Report on measurements
AEROLOGICAL STATION OF PAYERNE
D. Ruffieux and H. Berger
16 February 2000
The Aerological Station of Payerne (SMI) installed systems in three main locations at
the eastern part of Switzerland and Constant Volume Balloons (CVB) were launched
at various sites on both sides of the Alps. The figure below shows these main
locations.
10
Legend of the map.
- Red dots : main cities
- Green lines : boundaries
- Purple dots : MAP-SAP measurement sites :
1:
Diepoldsau
CVB launching and tracking site
2:
Hoher Kasten
CVB tracking site + cameras site
3:
St. Lutzisteig
Sodar site
4:
Vilters
5:
Malans
6:
Bivio
7:
La Vedutta (Julier Pass)
WP + sodar + sounding + surf. site
8:
Monte Lema
CVB tracking site
9:
Ispra
10 : Payerne
Sounding site
1
1 JULIER PASS : MAP-WP
1.1.
Location
La Vedutta, 2233 m asl, 46.47 N, 9.72 E is a site located next to the main road,
about 1 km away from the top of the Julier pass (direction Bivio). The main valley at
La Vedutta is oriented roughly East-West and a few secondary tributaries join the
main valley (see black dot on Figure below).
Elevation (m asl)
Geographical coordinates (km)
155
150
3400
3300
3200
3100
3000
2900
2800
2700
2600
2500
2400
2300
2200
2100
2000
1900
1800
1700
La Vedutta
BIVIO
145
770
775
780
Geographical coordinates (km)
1.2
Wind profiler at La Vedutta
The wind profiler was installed end of June 1999 and was operational on 1.7.1999. It
was producing 30 min. consensus profiles in two modes :
the low mode from 2450 m asl to 3230 m asl, gate resolution of 45 meters,
the high mode from 2570 m asl to 7000 m asl, gate resolution of 200 meters.
Occasionally, the system was switched to a special mode for birds detection purpose.
During these periods, no wind data are available. The figure below gives the total
wind availability over the entire period.
2
Availability of data in function of height can be found
figure
below.
Redin=the
Valid
Data
Green = Suspect Data
Blue = No Data
7000
High mode
Altitute ( m ASL)
6000
5000
See table below
4000
3000
Low mode
2000
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Availability (%)
The times were the wind profiler was not operating (in wind mode) during the SOP
can be found in the table below.
STARTING DATE
13.09.1999
14.09.1999
17.09.1999
19.09.1999
21.09.1999
22.09.1999
30.09.1999
05.10.1999
06.10.1999
07.10.1999
08.10.1999
10.10.1999
STARTING TIME
21:29
15.15
20:48
06:21
10:30
21:16
21:07
09:27
11:03
15:02
21:25
21:05
20:29
20:23
ENDING TIME
09:13
16.00
22:14
06:32
10:44
23:14
23:07
11:11
14:18
15.50
00:45
01:53
23:31
01:36
3
COMMENT
Bird mode
Backup
Bird mode
Backup
Backup
Bird mode
Bird mode
PC problem
Antenna cleaning
Antenna cleaning
Bird mode
Bird mode
Bird mode
Bird mode
13.10.1999
14.10.1999
27.10.1999
28.10.1999
03.11.1999
09.11.1999
20:51
20:20
20:39
20:35
14:11
08:05
12:03
08:03
11.13
10.11.1999
15.11.1999
1.3
23:48
23:55
22:40
22:39
14.55
09:00
12:32
08:26
Bird mode
Bird mode
Bird mode
Bird mode
PC problems
Time problems
Snow removal
Snow removal
Stop system
SODAR at La Vedutta
The Remtech PA1 sodar recorded 30 min averaged profiles data from 25.06.1999 to
14.11.1999. Data availability as well as mean wind speed can be found in the Figure
below. Note that winds speed below 100 m agl is known to be overestimated by this
type of sodar.
-1
600
0
Wind speed (ms )
4
6
2
8
10
Solid line = valid data
500
Altitute ((m
m AGL)
Altitude
agl)
Dashed line = mean wind speed
400
300
200
100
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Availability
(%)
Availability (%)
4
70
80
90
100
1.4
PTU soundings at La Vedutta
A VIZ sounding system (made available by the ETHZ-LAPETH) was used to perform
pressure, temperature, and relative humidity profiles during the IOPs. The table
below describes times and characteristics of the soundings launched at La Vedutta.
DATE
STARTING TIME
(UTC)
19.09.1999
20.09.1999
24.09.1999
25.09.1999
14:00
00:00
18:00
00:00
06:00
00:00
06:00
12:00
00:00
03:00
06:00
09:00
12:00
15:00
18:00
21:00
00:00
03:00
06:00
12:00
14:00
18:00
00:00
06:00
12:00
18:00
00:00
06:00
12:00
18:00
00:00
06:00
12:00
18:00
12:00
18:00
12:00
18:00
12:00
18:00
30.09.1999
02.10.1999
03.10.1999
17.10.1999
18.10.1999
20.10.1999
21.10.1999
22.10.1999
24.10.1999
29.10.1999
ESTIMATED
MAX. HEIGHT
(m asl)
21386
4380
14365
12851
9954
14681
9954
4491
10266
10583
7781
18625
14137
17996
8157
11994
8894
4820
2390
4487
20386
10020
12138
14097
9993
10645
13585
16473
19641
10446
7462
11620
8332
9594
19928
7476
5040
4592
18230
12106
5
MIN PRESSURE
(hPa)
45
583
141
178
276
133
276
578
263
251
375
69
142
77
358
200
320
557
723
585
51
264
189
138
270
238
148
94
57
248
388
206
343
284
55
389
537
568
73
198
30.10.1999
00:00
06:00
12:00
18:00
00:00
06:00
12:00
18:00
12:00
18:00
00:00
06:00
12:00
18:00
00:00
06:00
12:00
18:00
00:00
06:00
12:00
01.11.1999
02.11.1999
05.11.1999
06.11.1999
11.11.1999
12.11.1999
13.11.1999
1.5
11281
11513
18730
13887
15516
12088
9335
8980
19719
13568
15546
12875
20656
14212
10595
9257
16416
15012
15917
12778
16988
225
215
67
149
114
199
305
318
57
151
109
165
48
134
236
292
96
119
103
169
87
Surface measurements at La Vedutta
A weather station located at 2 m agl with a Rotronic temperature and relative
humidity sensor and a Young anemometer located on a 10 m agl mast recorded 1minute values during the SOP. The temperature and relative humidity recorded 1minute data from 31.08.1999 at 11:15 until 14.11.1999 at 11:30. The young recorded
1-minute wind speed and direction as well as standard deviation (1 second
sampling). In the beginning of the SOP, the temperature and relative humidity
sampling rate was turned to 10-minutes between IOPs. The time series of wind
speed, wind direction, temperature and relative humidity can be found in the figures
below.
-2
Wind Speed (ms )
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
250
260
270
280
290
Julian day
6
300
310
320
Wind Direction (degrees)
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
250
260
270
280
290
Julian day
300
310
320
250
260
270
280
290
Julian day
300
310
320
250
260
270
280
290
Julian day
300
310
320
20
Temperature (C)
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
-15
Relative Humidity (%)
100
80
60
40
20
0
7
1.6
SONIC measurements at La Vedutta
A Campbell CSAT sonic anemometer was installed on the 10 m mast at 4.5 m agl. It
recorded 1 minute data at a 10 Hz sampling rate from 19.09.1999 at 17:45 to
12.11.1999 at 23:55.
2. ST. LUTZISTEIG : MAP-SODAR
2.1
SODAR at St. Lutzisteig
The Sensitron sodar was installed in Sankt Lutzisteig (550 m asl, 47.04°N, 9.51°E)
and started recording the 18 August 1999. Due to a PC problem, the system did not
measure between 3.10.1999 and 16.10.1999. For this reason data availability and
mean wind speed are presented for the two periods : from 18.08.1999 to 3.10. and
from 16.10.1999 to 15.11.1999.
-1
600
0
Wind speed (ms )
4
6
2
8
10
Solid line = valid data
Dashed line = mean wind speed
500
First period (18.08 - 03.10.1999)
Altitute ((m
m AGL)
Altitude
agl)
Second period (16.10 - 15.11.1999)
400
300
200
100
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Availability
(%)
Availability (%)
8
70
80
90
100
3. SAP-RADIOSOUNDINGS : MAP-RASO
For the duration of the MAP-SOP, four daily soundings were launched at the
Aerological Station of Payerne (491 m asl, 46.81 N and 6.94 E). The Meteolabor
SRS400 sondes measured temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and wind
direction from ground to about 30 km asl. The launching times were one hour before
12:00 UTC, 18:00 UTC, 00:00 UTC, and 06:00 UTC.
4. CAMERAS : MAP-CAM
Three S-VHS cameras and « Time Lapse » recorders were installed on the Hoher
Kasten 1794 m asl, 47.28 N, 9.49 E, the 2.09.1999. They were dismounted the
14.11.1999.
North-east oriented camera : looks at the mouth of the Rhein Valley toward
the Lake of Constance. No problems were mentioned during the entire
campaign (100% availability)
South-east oriented camera : looks at the mouth of the l’Ill/Montafon valley
connecting with the Rhein valley. No major problems were reported. The
days from 19.10.1999 at 12:16 to 25.10.1999 at 05:00 were lost due to a
technical problem.
South oriented camera : looks at the region between Hoher Kasten and Bivio,
including the « elbow » of Sargans. No problems were mentioned during the
entire campaign (100% availability).
The cameras recorded 1 image every 6 seconds and their angles of view are shown
in the figure below.
One S-VHS camera and « Time Lapse » recorder, was made available to the EPFZ
(LAPETH). It was installed on the northern side of the Lake of Constance and looked
south-east toward the mouth of the Rhein valley into the lake of Constance.
9
NE
SE
S
5. SURFACE STATIONS : MAP-NET
-
-
Special measurements with a Thygan of dew point and temperature (10-min
resolution) at ENET stations of Valbella and Quinten (systems provided by
SMI/TM).
Special measurements of 10-min pressure at ASTA station of Vaduz and at
ENET stations of Quinten and Altenrhein (systems provided by SMI/TM,
recording under the responsibility of LAPETH).
Special measurements of 10-min temperature and relative humidity with
« Hotdog » loggers, at military radio-sounding stations and at conventional
station of Bad-Ragaz (systems provided by SMI/TM, recording under the
responsibility of the swiss army).
6. CONSTANT VOLUME BALLOONS : MAP-CVB
This project is the result of a collaboration between the Aerological Laboratory of the
University of Toulouse, the CNES, and the SMI. Constant volume balloons were
launched from various sites on both sides of the Alps. The table below gives general
information
on
each
trajectory
performed
during
the
SOP.
10
IOP
Nb.
Date
Synoptic Flow
direction
Launching
site
Flight
Time
(UTC)
Flight
duration
Flight
Level
(m)
Trajec.
Length
(km)
Objectives
SMI1
Ispra
12:39-20:10
07h30m
4900
200
Transalpine trajectory C NW
SMI2
SMI3
CNES1
CNES2
Ispra
Ispra
Ispra
Ispra
08:10-18:50
14:55-17:10
08:48-15:00
11:13-19:10
10h30m
02h15m
06h12m
07h57m
5000
4000
5000
4500
300
300
350
Transalpine trajectory C W
Transalpine trajectory NC
SMI4
Ispra
13:55-16:39
02h44m
5000
30
Boundary layer sounding NC
CVB
reference
13/09/99
South flow
2
2
14/09/99
18/09/99
19/09/99
South flow
West flow
South Foehn
3
25/09/99
West flow
Fluxes in the Po
Plain
4
29/09/99
West flow
SMI5
CNES3
Ispra
Ispra
12:33-14:38
16:55-22:32
02h05m
05h40m
2500
4800
45
270
4
30/09/99
South west flow
CNES4
CNES5
Ispra
Ispra
04:56-09:21
12:33-14:33
04h30m
02h00m
4000
3700
290
110
4
01/10/99
West flow
CNES6
SMI6
Ispra
Diepoldsau
08:21-12:21
11:27-13:34
04h00m
02h07m
1800
3500
14
110
Alps South side trajectory NC
Alps North side trajectory NC
5
02/10/99
South Fohen
5
05/10/99
North Flow
CNES7
CNES8
CNES9
SMI7
SMI8
SMI9
SMI10
Ispra
Ispra
Ispra
Bivio
Bivio
Bivio
Ispra
08:09-11:15
09:30-11:50
14:20-20:00
09:20-12:25
12:30-16:10
14:34-17:15
10:26-14:26
03h06m
02h20m
05h40m
03h05m
03h40m
02h41m
04h00m
200
150
350
150
180
130
100
Valley trajectory OV W
Boundary layer structure
5
06/10/99
North flow
11/10/99
East flow
CNES10
CNES11
CNES12
CNES13
SMI11
Diepoldsau
Diepoldsau
Diepoldsau
Diepoldsau
Ispra
06:55-14:40
08:25-13:05
11:49-15:49
13:30-18:10
15:25-21-55
07h45m
04h40m
04h00m
04h40m
06h30m
3800
4500
3200
2300
3500
3300
NLB
(1500m maxi)
3500
4500
3500
4000
NLB
(300 m maxi)
250
135
98
150
23
Transalpine trajectory C
Transalpine trajectory C ?
Transalpine trajectory C ?
12/10/99
West flow
SMI12
Ispra
10:30-16:30
06h00m
1600 m maxi
15
11
7
19/10/99
West flow
SMI13
SMI14
Ispra
Vilters
09:11-14:11
12:30-13:30
05h00m
01h00m
4600
4600
180
30
Alps South side trajectory NC
Alps North side trajectory NC
8
20/10/99
South flow
8
21/10/99
South flow
9
22/10/99
South flow
9
10
23/10/99
24/10/99
South flow
South flow
11
27/10/99
West flow
Fluxes into Po
plain
CNES14
CNES15
CNES16
SMI15
SMI16
SMI17
SMI18
SMI19
SMI20
SMI21
SMI22
SMI23
CNES17
CNES18
CNES19
SMI24
SMI25
SMI26
SMI27
SMI28
CNES20
CNES21
SMI29
Ispra
Ispra
Ispra
Vilters
Vilters
Vilters
Vilters
Vilters
Ispra
Vilters
Vilters
Vilters
Ispra
Ispra
Ispra
Malans
Malans
Malans
Malans
Malans
Ispra
Ispra
Ispra
06:49-18:15
08:48-15:45
10:48-14:00
10:41-12:41
09:24-09:44
10:41-11:20
14:58-18:48
16:14-17:04
08:42-12:42
08:12-12:02
09:34-10:34
12:57-22:57
12:48-20:00
17:45-22:00
16:59-22:00
06:23-09:43
07:50-10:03
10:16-14:06
13:22-16:22
14:47-17:57
06:50-12:20
09:25-12:25
12:44-15:02
11h26m
06h57m
03h12m
02h00m
00h20m
00h39m
03h50m
00h50m
04h00m
03h50m
01h00m
09h00m
09h12m
06h15m
05h00m
03h10m
02h13m
03h50m
03h00m
03h10m
05h30m
03h00m
02h18m
3800
3600
4800
3000
2400
2300
4000
3000
2700m maxi
4700
2200
2500
3300
4000
3000 m maxi
4800
2400
2500
2500
2600
3400
2000
NLB
400m maxi
400
300
200
100
15
20
200
25
50
120
30
120
270
160
50
65
70
140
90
220
240
33
15
Valley trajectory ZV
Valley trajectory RV
Valley traj. ZV, SW flow
12
29/10/99
West flow
CNES22
Ispra
16:36-00:36
08h00m
3400
180
12
30/10/99
South flow
01/11/99
South flow
Ispra
Ispra
Ispra
Ispra
Ispra
04:41-10:10
06:17-11:30
08:11-12:55
09:38-13:15
17:15-20:45
05h29m
05h13m
04h44m
03h37m
03h30m
4350
5200
3400
4000
3850
150
125
13
CNES23
CNES24
CNES25
CNES26
CNES27
90
105
Transalpine trajectory
13
02/11/99
South Flow
CNES28
CNES29
CNES30
SMI30
Ispra
Ispra
Ispra
Malans
07:34-12:20
10:44-16:50
15:11-18:00
04h46m
06h10m
02h49m
03h11m
3900
4660
4600
1800
95
115
50
85
12
C NW
C NW
C NW
C W
NC
15
05/11/99
South flow
15
07/11/99
North flow
15
08/11/99
North flow
15
16
09/11/99
11/11/99
North flow
South flow
16
12/11/99
South flow
SMI31
SMI32
Malans
Malans
07:49-11:00
10:50-11:42
12:37-20:50
00h52m
07h28m
1600
3500
40
270
CNES31
CNES32
CNES33
CNES34
SMI33
SMI34
SMI35
SMI36
SMI37
Ispra
Ispra
Ispra
Ispra
Malans
Malans
Malans
Malans
Diepoldsau
10:16-15:33
13:18-17:18
15:52-18:39
19:09-22:42
10:06-12:47
12:21-14:21
15:07-18:52
17:16-19:50
17:25-24:00
03h16m
04h00m
02h50m
03h33m
02h41m
02h00m
03h30m
02h30m
06h35m
3850
4500
3400
4100
3000
1700
3500
2500
5000
150
150
100
150
100
70
150
80
250
C W
C NW
C NW
NC
SMI38
SMI39
CNES35
CNES36
CNES37
CNES38
CNES39
CNES40
SMI40
SMI41
Diepoldsau
Ispra
Diepoldsau
Diepoldsau
Diepoldsau
Diepoldsau
Diepoldsau
Diepoldsau
Ispra
Ispra
11:55-15:20
14:22-16:34
07:51-13:20
09:14-12:00
11:07-16:02
14:21-16:11
15:22-18:30
16:17-18:39
13:08-16:38
15:58-10:00
03h30m
02h14m
05h29m
02h46m
05h00m
02h00m
03h10m
02h22m
03h30m
18h00m
1700
3500
3900
5000
3800
4800
4000
3400
1700
4800
80
90
350
200
150
150
150
100
50
300
PV bannners Po plain
PV bannners Po plain
NC
CNES41
CNES42
SMI42
Ispra
Ispra
Ispra
07:51-13:38
11:28-16:00
15:44-
05h40m
05h00m
4200
3400
5000
200
250
250
NW
C W
C NW
C W
C W
C W
C W
C W
C W
Symbols used in the table: NBL: no lift balloon, C: crossing the Alps; NC not crossing the Alps, W: waves; NW: no waves; RV: Rhine valley; ZV Wallensee: OV: other
valley
13

MAP SOP at Julier Pass

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