Concrete Roads

Concrete Roads
The sustainable choice!
Erik Simonsen, Market Development, Ph.D.
Cementa AB/Heidelberg Cement
Contents:
- The situation in Sweden
- Presentation of a modern concrete road project, E4 Uppsala
- New concept for concrete road building
- Sustainability: Are we focusing on the right things?
Examples:
- Conclusions
Fuel efficiency
Particle emissions
Lighting energy requirements
The situation in Sweden
Category
Length, km
State roads
98 400
Local roads
46 500
Private roads
200 000
=
344 900
Highways cat A
1 860
Highways cat B
360
=
2 220
Asphalt (cat A)
1793 (~ 96 %)
Concrete (cat A)
67 (~ 4 %)
?
Misconception frequently heard
• Investment cost
• Difficult to construct/lay
• Difficult to maintain
• Energy requirements for cement/concrete
• Concrete is noisy
• etc…..
• etc….
• etc….
However modern concrete technology and life cycle analysis
dispute this!
Concrete roads in Sweden today
E4
Uppsala-Mehedeby
2006, 23 km
E4.65
Stockholm
Arlandavägen
1990, 2 km
E20
Eskilstuna-Arphus
1999, 14 km
Göteborg
E6/E20
Falkenberg, etapp I
1993, 15 km
Total 86 km
(today 67 km)
Falkenberg, etapp II
1996, 13 km
E4
Väla-Hyllinge
1978, 7 km
(Overlay with
asphalt 2010)
Malmö
E6
Malmö-Vellinge
1972, 12 km
(Overlay with
asphalt 2009)
“Current“ status of Concrete Pavements
[%] 30
25
20
15
10
5
0
BE DK FI FR NL NO CH ES SE DE UK AU
Number of concrete roads in different European countries
after European Commission (1999)
North part
Läby - Mehedeby
Road E4 Uppsala – Mehedeby
Facts about the project:
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Uppsala - Läby
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E4 Uppsala - Mehedeby:
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Laying technology
Slipform paving and treatment of the road surface
Movie
New concrete road
E4 Uppsala - Mehedeby
Concrete surface
Exposed aggregate
Diamond grinded
Concrete Roads in Sweden today
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The situation for concrete roads in
Sweden today.
• What type of concrete roads will be
construced in the future?
• Where are our focus today?
The traffic on Swedish motorways
75 - 95% of all traffic in
right lane
95 -100% of all heavy
traffic in right lane
Highways: A new concept for Sweden?
PJCP or CRCP?
Motorway
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Experience from other countrys
A3, Köln, Germany
Experience from other countrys
A3 förbi Köln
Pilot project in Sweden 1988
Asphalt
Concrete
E4 Södertälje
Old 2 road lanes rebuilt to 2+1 road lanes
The effect of old pavement design
and narrow traffic lanes!
Rut depth development after conversion to 2+1
10-years experience of different pavement
in Sweden from test on E6 Fastarp - Heberg
Rutting from traffic
Asphalt SOA
Concrete
Another type of concrete roads?
2+1 road lane
PJCP or CRCP?
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Design of longitudinal joint between
concrete and asphalt in traffic lane
Example
Jointing materials?
Bitumen-bound layer
K2
Asphalt adhesive?
K1
Concrete
PJCP or CRCP
Roadbase and sub-base
Bitumen-bound layer
K2
Joint-cut?
K1
Concrete
PJCP or CRCP
Roadbase and sub-base
Bitumen-bound
gravel
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11th International Symposium
on Concrete Roads
13-15 October , 2010
Seville, Spain
Leif G. Wathne, P.E.
American Concrete Pavement Association
Sustainability?
• Highway Engineer will focus on
– Structural design
– Pavement materials
– Construction
• Items such as:
– Recycling
– Industrial byproducts
– Resource conservation
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Sustainability? <(6
• Opportunities are missed by ignoring the operational or usephase of the pavement!
• Research suggests the long-term, cumulative benefits are
staggering (…Europe and North America).
• Mostly relates to fuel use and surface reflectivity
• So, central question for engineers/administrators: In the
context of sustainable practices…
Are we focusing on the right things?
Sustainability and Roadways…
What to make of all these opportunities?
• Cradle-to-grave or end-to-end analysis has
emerged…
• Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
• Involves a “cumulative analysis of
impacts throughout all stages of the life
cycle”
What should we be doing?
Ecoprofile of different life cycle stages
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What should we be doing?
• From this LCA we see:
– Overall impacts from use-phase dwarfs impacts
from ALL other phases of the roadway life cycle
– From energy perspective… construction and
maintenance accounts for less than 2% of the
entire energy footprint [EAPA 2004]
• Therefore (as an example):
– Just a 3% improvement in the truck/car portion
of the ecoprofile would offset the entire
construction and maintenance ecoprofile!
What should we be doing?
• From this LCA we see:
– Overall impacts from use-phase dwarfs impacts
from ALL other phases of the roadway life cycle
– From energy perspective… construction and
maintenance accounts for less than 2% of the
entire energy footprint [EAPA 2004]
• Therefore (as an example):
– Just a 3% improvement in the truck/car portion
of the ecoprofile would offset the entire
construction and maintenance ecoprofile!
What should we be doing?
What are these use/operational-phase impacts?
•Vehicle fuel consumption rates
– Pavement rigidity
– Pavement smoothness
•Pavement surface reflectivity (albedo)
– Urban heat island mitigation
– Lighting need
– Global cooling potential
•Particle emissions
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Example:
70 km concrete vs asphalt
20 000 vehicles/day
15 % HDV
Fuel consumption:
Car: 1.1 l/10 km (80 km/h)
HDV: 4.0 l/10 km (80 km/h)
Consumer fuel cost: 13 SEK/l (1.36
euro)
Reduced consumer/industry
cost:
12 000 000 kr/year
1 260 000 euro/year
=
E4 Uppsala – Mehedeby öppnad för trafik 2006
3 000 ton CO2/year
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Surface Reflectivity - Lighting
Enhanced Nighttime
Visibility:
• Improved pedestrian and
vehicle safety
• Reduced lighting &
energy requirement:
– Less fixtures/watts
– Up to 33% reduction
– AASHTO - 40% lower
– Huge budget impact!
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Conclusions*:
Functional property
Investment cost
Asphalt
Concrete
+
Maintenance
+
Accidents (maintenance)
+
Evenness
=
=
Polishing
=
=
Noise
=
=
Logistics (during const.)
=
=
Abrasion resistance
+
Plastic deformation
+
Particle emissions
+
Fuel consumption (user cost)
+
CO2 (environment)
+
Brightness/reflection
+
Friction
+
Repair (flexibility)
+
Fire (in tunnels)
* According to the Swedish National Road administration
+
Thank you!
New concrete road
E4 by-pass Uppsala
opened dec 21, 2006
Extras
Design of transverse joints in
concrete roads in Sweden
1990
1999 - 2006
8
8
Jointing
compound
40
Bottom
strip
1/3 H
3
EPDMprofiles
40
1/3 H
3
1993 - 1996
8
EPDMprofiles
40
1/3 H
3
Design of transverse joints in new
construction of concrete roads?
After 2010 3
8
40
?
1/3 H
3
Profiles or
compound
1/3 H
No profiles
or
compound