a guide to lesser known tropical timber species

Transcription

GLOBAL
FOREST
&TRADE
NETWORK
A GUIDE TO LESSER KNOWN TROPICAL TIMBER SPECIES
JULY 2013
1
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WWF/GFTN GUIDE TO LESSER KNOWN TROPICAL TIMBER SPECIES
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REFERENCES...
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ENGINEERING &
CONSTRUCTION
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ENGINEERING & DECKING
CONSTRUCTION
GFTN CONTACT INFORMATION...
WINDOW
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ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
AFRICAN CANARIUM (Canarium schweinfurthii)
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:
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<*#A%.@3%$k%2+3%;$\,A6$N3#4B,.B;$S42%$K"%.;$K%3#.$7+;$7%3,%$W#*EG%32#.$G%33#3%;$=%4*$W%.1#;$>#5%6-,%.$>1"3%@#3;$U+35#3-$>+..#;$W%.,#*$<3%.1,5,%$%.@$746-%)"%$>#,@4?
ZZFb\F!U$0+4*@$*,B#$-+$-"%.B$!"#Z++@D()*+3#3?1+2$/+3$)3+&,@,.8$241"$+/$-"#$-#1".,1%*$,./+32%-,+.$+.$-"#$6)#1,#6$,@#.-,/,#@$,.$-"#$84,@#$%.@$-"#$,2%8#6$+/$-"#$-,25#3$6)#1,#6^$%.@$-"#$2%.'$
1+2)%.,#6$%.@$+38%.,C%-,+.6$-"%-$3#6)+.@#@$-+$3#H4#6-6$/+3$,./+32%-,+.;$,.$)%3-,14*%3$-"#$D.&,3+.2#.-$<8#.1'$%.@$!=<W<?
3
POSSIBLE ALTERNATIVES
1 OF 3
G*,1B$+.$%.'$%*-#3.%-,&#$6)#1,#6$/+3$2+3#$@#-%,*6?$G*,1B$+.$#.@$46#6$-+$&,#0$%*-#3.%-,&#$6)#1,#6$5'$#.@$46#?
USING THIS SPECIES...
OTHER NAMES
ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
OTHER NAMES
AFRICAN MAHOGANY
(Khaya ivorensis)
ACAJOU BASSAM, ACAJOU
BLANC, DEKE, ACAJOU
ANDIROBA (Carapa guianensis, Carapa procera)
SANTA MARIA (Calophyllum brasiliense)
AFRICAN ELEMI, MUPAFU
CARAPA, CRAB WOOD
JACAREÚBA, GUANANDI, LANDIM, OLANDIM,
LANDI, OCURE
AFRICAN WALNUT
CONGOWOOD, TIGERWOOD
CARAPA, CRAB WOOD
JACAREÚBA, GUANANDI, LANDIM, OLANDIM,
LANDI, OCURE
AFRORMOSIA
AFRICAN TEAK
GUARIUBA (Clarisia racemosa)
TIMBAUBA (Enterolobium schomburgkii)
MURURÉ, TULPAY, MATAPALO, OITY,
CARACO
BATIBATRA
AFRICAN CELTIS (Celtis mildbraedii/ zenkeri)
LOTOFA (Sterculia rhinopetala)
NATAL STINKWOOD, NATAL ELM
(Lovoa trichilioides)
(Pericopsis elata)
ASH
(Fraxinus spp.)
BIRCH (Betula spp.)
CARACO
DIAMBE, BLACK GUAREA
KANDA (Beilschmiedia mannii)
AKOK, BOGO
BOXWOOD (Buxus spp.)
BOX
CARACO
BRAZILIAN MAHOGANY
BIG LEAF MAHOGANY
OBOTO (Mammea africana)
CARAPA, CRAB WOOD
AFRICAN APPLE, BASTARD MAHOGANY
OGEA (Daniellia ogea)
NSOU, FARO
(Dalbergia nigra)
BAHIA ROSEWOOD,
JACARANDÁ DA BAHIA
DARK & LIGHT RED MERANTI
LAUAN, SERAYA
BRAZILIAN ROSEWOOD
(Shorea spp.)
GERONGGANG (Cratoxylon arborescens)
ENGINEERING &
CONSTRUCTION
WINDOW
FRAMES
DECKING
WAWABIMA
BOSSE (Guarea spp.)
(Swietenia macrophylla)
END USES...
VENEER
GARDEN
FURNITURE
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
FLOORING
4
OTHER NAMES
ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
EBONY (Diospyros spp.)
AZOBÉ, RED IRON WOOD
TIGER WOOD (Astronium fraxinifolium & Astronium lecointei)
EKKI (Lophira alata)
AZOBÉ, RED IRON WOOD
ANGELIM VERMELHO (Dinizia excelsa)
CUBIUBA (Goupia glabra)
EVEUSS (Klainedoxa gabunensis)
OKAN (Cylicodiscus gabunensis)
PEQUIA (Caryocar villosum)
TALI (Erythrophleum suaveolens)
GREENHEART (Ocotea rodiaei)
IPE (Tabebiua serratifolia)
IROKO (Chlorophora excelsa)
MAHOGANY (Swietenia spp.)
MAPLE (Acer spp.)
OTHER NAMES
BRAZILIAN WALNUT,
LAPACHO
KABUKALLI
BOKOKA, ADUM
BOKOKA, ADUM
PELI, MBELE
END USES...
2 OF 3
ENGINEERING &
CONSTRUCTION
WINDOW
FRAMES
KABUKALLI
BOKOKA, ADUM
DECKING
PELI, MBELE
CURUPAY (Anadenanthera colubrina)
VILCA, HUILCO, WILCO, CEBIL
LATI (Amphimas pterocarpoides)
MANDIOQUEIRA (Qualea paraensis)
TATAJUBA (Bagassa guianensis)
MURURÉ, TULPAY, MATAPALO,
OITY, CARACO
BLACK CABBAGE BARK (Lonchocarpus castilloi)
MACARATO, TIMBO
AKOK, BOGO
JACAREÚBA, GUANANDI, LANDIM,
OLANDIM, LANDI, OCURE
MURURÉ, TULPAY, MATAPALO,
OITY, CARACO
AMAPARANA, BAGASSE, TARAIKO
HARINO, MENUDITO, BOUGOU BATI
BATRA, ACACIA FRANC, JEBIO, HEVIO
VENEER
GARDEN
FURNITURE
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
FLOORING
5
OTHER NAMES
ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
OTHER NAMES
MERANTI
LAUAN, SERAYA (LIGHT
RED MERANTI)
JATOBA (Erisma uncinatum)
(Shorea spp.)
OAK
BERANGAN (Castanopsis acuminatissima)
NARGUSTA (Terminalia amazonica)
(Quercus spp.)
OKOUME
ANGOUMA, GABOON
(Aucoumea klaineana)
ROSEWOOD
(Dalbergia spp.)
SAPELE
SAPELLI, ABOUDIKRO
(Entandrophragma cylindricum)
TEAK
(Tectona grandis)
SIPO
UTILE
(Entandrophragma utile)
WALNUT
(Juglans spp.)
WENGE
(Millettia laurentii)
WHITE ASH
(Fraxinus americana)
NATAL WHITE STINKWOOD,
NATAL ELM
WHITE OAK, NEW GUINEA OAK
ENGINEERING &
CONSTRUCTION
WHITE OLIVE
MORADO (Machaerium scleroxylon)
JACARANDA (Jacaranda copaia)
BOLIVIAN ROSEWOOD, CAVIUNA,
JACARANDA PARDO, PAU FERRO
CARAPA, CRAB WOOD
CHEREK (Peronema canescens)
MACARATO, TIMBO
CARAPA, CRAB WOOD
TCHITOLA (Oxystigma oxyphyllum)
AKOK, BOGO
SAPUPIRA (Diplotropis purpurea)
TATABU, ZWARTE KABBES,
SUCUPIRA
6
3 OF 3
KONDROTI (Bombax brevicuspe)
JAGUA (Genipa americana)
END USES...
SUNGKAI
AKWAKWA, KITOLA, EMOLA
WINDOW
FRAMES
DECKING
VENEER
GARDEN
FURNITURE
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
FLOORING
ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
;<=!>?<@
! WI>!=INV!IiU
GARDEN
FURNITURE
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
DECKING
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
FLOORING
VENEER
;@A$A<?!B;B<C$@>DDEB<?@
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RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
SD<=!ZiiW$GiJiV=
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YeM$0"#.$W3'
WV=<NIJI!n
>*,8"-*'$1+%36#
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D%6'
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
K1+,0#$CL6+39#&.#1#7$
>ZEGiGEMMlMlY$b$>ZEGZbF7EMMfaRe$b$>ZEGiGEMMleaa$b$>ZE
F7bGiGEMMlYRR$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
FLOORING
W43%5*#;$54-$6++.$%/-#3$/#**,.8;$*+86$6"+4*@$5#$-3#%-#@$1"#2,1%**';$
#(-3%1-#@$%.@$1+.&#3-#@$-+$)3#&#.-$,.6#1-$%--%1B
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"--)cbb-3+),(?1,3%@?/3b%/3,1%b<IDJD?)@/
7
ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
;<=!>?<@
! WI>!=INV!IiU
=#@@,6"$53+0.
WDU>I!n$K8b2a
YlL
>IJIG<$GiU!DU!
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7+@#3%-#$@,2#.6,+.%*$6-%5,*,-'
`<UKIWD$S<=WUD>>
IU$9JN>?$iF$Fi=GD:
LRRM$0"#.$W3'
ENGINEERING & RAILWAY
CONSTRUCTION SLEEPERS
DECKING
WINDOW
FRAMES
VENEER
GARDEN
VENEER
DECKING
F1*.$;3+1#*).37$
FURNITURE
J+86;$J425#3$9>R>;$>l>$E$#()+3-;$5+%3@6;$5#%26;$6H4%3#6$%.@$+-"#3$
14-6$E$@+2#6-,1:$$
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GARDEN
VENEER
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
FURNITURE
Q6A+11R$T$A+$E)/7$$
I.-#3.%-,+.%*$!,25#3$%.@$Z++@$!3%@,.8c$E$T%.#*$)3+@41-6;$6%0.$0++@;$
2%1",.#@$6+*,@$0++@
GARDEN
INTERIOR
A<?!B;BA=!<$AFC<
FURNITURE
FURNITURE
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
F1*.$;3+1#*).37$
>G>EGiGEMMMYam$$
INTERIOR
K1##&$K+3/$;+1#*)1R7$ RAILWAY
FURNITURE
SLEEPERS
FLOORING
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WV=<NIJI!n
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7+@#3%-#*'$W43%5*#
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SLEEPERS
;@A$EBA<G@<$H
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6-3#.8-"$+/$%,3E@3,#@$0++@$,6$6,2,*%3$-+$-"%-$+/$!#%B$9A$.%/&'(6-'&<#):;$
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%3#$3%-#@$%6$",8"#3$-"%.$-"+6#$+/$S+.@43%6$2%"+8%.'?$I-$3#6,6-6$@#.-,.8$%.@$
2%33,.8$%5+4-$%6$0#**$%6$0",-#$+%B$9B3$-.3)('05':$+3$N,31"$9C$%30'()**+:?$$
\++@$3#8#.#3%-,+.;$%.@$)*%.-%-,+.$)+-#.-,%*?$
7i=D$IUFi=7<!IiU
FLOORING
DECKING
;@A$A<?!B;B<C$@>DDEB<?@
G#.-3%*$]$>+4-"$<2#3,1%
SD<=!ZiiW$GiJiV=
WINDOW
FRAMES
F1*.$;3+1#*).37$
F>GEGMMReYL
FLOORING
K1##&$K+3/$;+1#*)1R7$
F>GEGLMlRfa$b$F>GEGLMaYmm$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
Q6A+11R$T$A+$E)/7$$
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"--)cbb-3+),(?1,3%@?/3b%2#3,1%b<UWI=iN<?)@/
8
ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
;<=!>?<@
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T,.B$*,8"-$53+0.$0,-"$-",.$@%3B#3$&#,.6
WDU>I!n$K8b2a
YlL
>IJIG<$GiU!DU!
U+-$B.+0.
VENEER
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
GARDEN
FURNITURE
WINDOW
FRAMES
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
DECKING
DECKING
FLOORING
VENEER
;@A$A<?!B;B<C$@>DDEB<?@
GARDEN
VENEER
FURNITURE
INTERIOR
RAILWAY
FURNITURE
K1##&$K+3/$;+1#*)1R7$
SLEEPERS
>+*,@$0++@$96%0.;$1",))#@;$)##*#@:$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
G#.-3%*$]$>+4-"$<2#3,1%
SD<=!ZiiW$GiJiV=
GARDEN
FURNITURE
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G+224.,-'$F+3#6-$9*+86$%.@$6%0.$0++@:$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
GARDEN
FURNITURE
V+&$W,2%+3/)$;+1#*)7$
RAILWAY
FLOORING
SLEEPERS
J+86$]$6%0.$0++@$$
INTERIOR
A<?!B;BA=!<$AFC<
FURNITURE
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7+@#3%-#$@,2#.6,+.%*$6-%5,*,-'$1%.$5#$%--%,.#@$%/-#3$6#%6+.,.8
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LLfM$0"#.$@3'
FLOORING
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
K1##&$K+3/$;+1#*)1R7$
>ZEF7bGiGEMMfleY$b$GVEGiGEmLlmlQ$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
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SLEEPERS
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9
ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
;<=!>?<@
! WI>!=INV!IiU
SD<=!ZiiW$GiJiV=
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
WINDOW
FRAMES
FLOORING
DECKING
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VENEER
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W++36;$/*++3,.8$]$@#1B,.8$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
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FURNITURE
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WV=<NIJI!n
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SLEEPERS
A+&*+16(+$;+1#*).3$=2.Y+&(6+7$
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A+&*+16(+$;+1#*).3$=2.Y+&(6+7$
F>GEGMMfYlY$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
II;JK;!G$F;;BA<@
7i=D$IUFi=7<!IiU
K;!GNQ.3.R*(.S$K;!GND#1,
555O-')&O0.&/.O+1-J.%+,)P-')&J6+&).6)*J
"--)cbb-3+),(?1,3%@?/3b%2#3,1%b\V<=IVN<?)@/
10
ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
;<=!>?<@
! WI>!=INV!IiU
GARDEN
FURNITURE
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
FLOORING
VENEER
GARDEN
FURNITURE
;@A$A<?!B;B<C$@>DDEB<?@
>+4-"$<2#3,1%
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
SD<=!ZiiW$GiJiV=
>#%6+.#@$"#%3-0++@$,6$*,8"-$'#**+0,6"$53+0.$6+2#-,2#6$0,-"$@%3B#3$
6-3#%B6
WDU>I!n$K8b2a
QLa
>IJIG<$GiU!DU!
U+-$B.+0.
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
Q.%#)7$
7%.4/%1-43#3$+/$0++@$)3+@41-6;$641"$%6$@++36;$/*++3,.8$%.@$/43.,-43#$
9,.@++3$%.@$+4-@++3:
FLOORING
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
A<?!B;BA=!<$AFC<
7ijD7DU!$IU$>D=jIGD
D(1#**#.-$6-%5,*,-'$E$62%**$2+&#2#.-
`<UKIWD$S<=WUD>>
IU$9JN>?$iF$Fi=GD:
RaaM$0"#.$@3'
WV=<NIJI!n
FLOORING
Q.%#)7$
>ZEGiGEMMLMfe$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
j#3'$W43%5*#
!Do!V=D
G+%36#
Zi=KIU\$pV<JI!n
F%,3*'$W,//,14*-
;@A$EBA<G@<$H
Q.%#)7$$
F>GEGMLfeMe
\#.#3%*$/,.,6",.8$H4%*,-,#6$%3#$3%-#@$%6$8++@?$$!"#$-,25#3$,6$6,2,*%3$,.$
)3+)#3-,#6$-+$-"#$</3,1%.$6)#1,#6$</3+32+6,%$9,$-#./*)#)($0'%':?
II;JK;!G$F;;BA<@
7i=D$IUFi=7<!IiU
"--)cbb-3+),(?1,3%@?/3b%2#3,1%bN<!IN<!=<?)@/
"--)cbb000?/)*?/6?/#@?46b@+142.-6b!#1">"##-6bG"4@.+//b!3+)<2#3,1%.b
"-2*W+16q-3+)%2#3,1%.bD.-#3+*+5,4261"+25438B,,?"-2*
11
K;!GNU+3(9(.
555O-')&O0.&/.O+1-J.%+,)P-')&J6+&).6)*J
ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
;<=!>?<@
! WI>!=INV!IiU
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
DECKING
FLOORING
VENEER
;@A$A<?!B;B<C$@>DDEB<?@
GARDEN
FURNITURE
G#.-3%*$]$Z#6-$</3,1%
SD<=!ZiiW$GiJiV=
F3#6"*'E14-$0++@$'#**+0,6"E0",-#$-+$*,8"-$5#,8#$,.$1+*+43;$54-$,-$-43.6$
-+$83#',6"$5#,8#$4)+.$#()+643#
WDU>I!n$K8b2a
eae
>IJIG<$GiU!DU!
J+0
K1+,0#$CL6+39#&.#1#7$
>%0.E0++@$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
A<?!B;BA=!<$AFC<
7ijD7DU!$IU$>D=jIGD
D(1#**#.-$6-%5,*,-'$E$62%**$2+&#2#.-
`<UKIWD$S<=WUD>>
IU$9JN>?$iF$Fi=GD:
LfaM$0"#.$@3'
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
K1+,0#$CL6+39#&.#1#7$
FLOORING
F7bGiGEMMlYRR$$
WV=<NIJI!n
U+.EW43%5*#
;@A$EBA<G@<$H
!Do!V=D
7#@,42bF,.#
Zi=KIU\$pV<JI!n
D%6'
>-3#.8-"$)3+)#3-,#6$%3#$6+2#0"%-$",8"#3$-"%.$-"+6#$+/$D43+)#%.$5##1"$
9D'63)()20>'%#.':?$!"#$0++@$,6$",8"*'$&4*.#3%5*#$-+$/4.8%*$6-%,.,.8;$%.@$
3#H4,3#6$,22#@,%-#$)3#&#.-,&#$2#%643#6$%/-#3$6%0,.8?$T3+)#3-,#6$1%.$
1"%.8#$0,-"$"#%-;$%.@$1%.$-%B#$%$8++@$6-%,.?$I-$,6$&#3'$6,2,*%3$-+$i%B$
9B3$-.3)()**+:?$I-$,6$%*6+$1+.6,@#3#@$-+$5#$%$8++@$/*++3,.8$-,25#3$-"%-$
0#%36$62++-"*'?$S%&#$%$8++@$3#8#.#3%-,+.$)%--#3.
K1+,0#$CL6+39#&.#1#7$
F>GEGMMQLQR$b$F>GEGMQRmRQ$b$F>GEGMLRemR$b$F>GEGMlLLQe
II;JK;!G$F;;BA<@
7i=D$IUFi=7<!IiU
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
"--)cbb-3+),(?1,3%@?/3b%/3,1%bGDJ!I>qWq<F=IpVD?)@/
12
K;!GNA.2#1++&
555O-')&O0.&/.O+1-J.%+,)P-')&J6+&).6)*J
ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
LOTOFA (WAWABIMA) (Sterculia rhinopetala)
;<=!>?<@
! WI>!=INV!IiU
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
DECKING
FLOORING
VENEER
;@A$A<?!B;B<C$@>DDEB<?@
GARDEN
FURNITURE
G#.-3%*$]$Z#6-$</3,1%
SD<=!ZiiW$GiJiV=
=#@@,6"$53+0.
WDU>I!n$K8b2a
emf
>IJIG<$GiU!DU!
S,8"$
K1+,0#$CL6+39#&.#1#7$
>%0.E0++@$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
A<?!B;BA=!<$AFC<
7ijD7DU!$IU$>D=jIGD
J%38#$2+&#2#.-$,.$6#3&,1#
`<UKIWD$S<=WUD>>
IU$9JN>?$iF$Fi=GD:
LmLM$0"#.$W3'
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
K1+,0#$CL6+39#&.#1#7$
FLOORING
F7bGiGEMMlYRR$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
WV=<NIJI!n
j#3'$W43%5*#
;@A$EBA<G@<$H
!Do!V=D
G+%36#
Zi=KIU\$pV<JI!n
F%,3*'$W,//,14*-
>456-,-4-#$/+3$<6"$9D-':#&3)()**+:$/+3$%))*,1%-,+.6$0"#3#$-+48".#66$,6$+/$
)3,2#$,2)+3-%.1#;$641"$%6$,.$-++*$"%.@*#6?$\#.#3%*$/,.,6",.8$H4%*,-,#6$%3#$
3%-#@$%6$8++@?$!"#$-,25#3$,6$3#)+3-#@$-+$5#$)##*#@$/+3$)*'0++@$2%.4/%1-43#;$
1+3#E6-+1B$%.@$/%1,.86$/+3$5*+1B5+%3@6?$I-$,6$%*6+$6*,1#@$,.-+$",8"*'$@#1+3%-,&#$
&#.##36$/+3$)%.#**,.8$%.@$,.-#3,+3$@#1+3%-,+.?$W#613,5#@$%6$%$"#%&'$%.@$
6-3+.8$-,25#3$0,-"$&#3'$",8"$-+48".#66$6-3#.8-";$0",1"$2%B#6$,-$64,-%5*#$/+3$
1+.6-341-,+.$%))*,1%-,+.6$0"#3#$.%-43%*$3#6,6-%.1#$-+$@#1%'$,6$.+-$13,-,1%*?
7i=D$IUFi=7<!IiU
K1+,0#$CL6+39#&.#1#7$
F>GEGMMQLQR$b$F>GEGMQRmRQ$b$F>GEGMLRemR$b$F>GEGMlLLQe$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
II;JK;!G$F;;BA<@
K;!GNA.2#1++&
555O-')&O0.&/.O+1-J.%+,)P-')&J6+&).6)*J
"--)cbb-3+),(?1,3%@?/3b%/3,1%bJi!iF<?)@/
13
ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
;<=!>?<@
! WI>!=INV!IiU
T,.B$53+0.$-+$3#@$53+0.
WDU>I!n$K8b2a
Yea
>IJIG<$GiU!DU!
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
DECKING
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
FLOORING
VENEER
;@A$A<?!B;B<C$@>DDEB<?@
G#.-3%*$]$Z#6-$</3,1%
SD<=!ZiiW$GiJiV=
GARDEN
FURNITURE
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
I(M2.$C+,.3.7$
>%0.E0++@
FLOORING
7ijD7DU!$IU$>D=jIGD
D(1#**#.-$6-%5,*,-'$E$62%**$2+&#2#.-
`<UKIWD$S<=WUD>>
IU$9JN>?$iF$Fi=GD:
LLYM$0"#.$W3'
I(M2.$C+,.3.7$
NjEGiGEMeMYMe
j#3'$W43%5*#
!Do!V=D
7#@,42b$G+%36#
Zi=KIU\$pV<JI!n
7#@,42
;@A$EBA<G@<$H
I(M2.$C+,.3.7$
F>GEGMLaQeL$
K%.@%$3#6)+.@6$0#**$-+$6)#1,%**'$-,))#@$-++*6$,.$2%1",.,.8$+)#3%-,+.6$
6,.1#$,-$-#.@6$-+$@4**$+3@,.%3'$-++*6$6#&#3#*'?$K%.@%$,6$/%3$64)#3,+3$
,.$6-3#.8-"$-+$#,-"#3$!#%B$9A$.%/&'(6-'&<#):$+3$S%3@$2%)*#$9?.$-(
)'..8'-39:?
II;JK;!G$F;;BA<@
"--)cbb000?0++@0+3B#366+431#?1+2b+.*,.#q6"+0q0++@?
)")r0++@sN#,*61"2,#@,%tRM2%..,,
14
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
FLOORING
WV=<NIJI!n
7i=D$IUFi=7<!IiU
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
S,8"$
A<?!B;BA=!<$AFC<
GARDEN
FURNITURE
K;!GNA.2#1++&
555O-')&O0.&/.O+1-J.%+,)P-')&J6+&).6)*J
ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
OBOTO (Mammea africana)
;<=!>?<@
! WI>!=INV!IiU
GARDEN
FURNITURE
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
DECKING
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
FLOORING
VENEER
;@A$A<?!B;B<C$@>DDEB<?@
G#.-3%*$]$Z#6-$</3,1%
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
SD<=!ZiiW$GiJiV=
I.,-,%**'$3#@$+3$3#@$53+0.;$54-$2%-43#6$,.-+$@%3B$3#@@,6"E53+0.?$!"#$1+*+43$
,6$3#)+3-#@$-+$5#$1+2)%3%5*#$-+$-"%-$+/$-34#$2%"+8%.';$%.@$,6$%--3%1-,&#*'$
2%3B#@$+3$/*#1B#@$0,-"$842$@41-6?
WDU>I!n$K8b2a
eYQ
>IJIG<$GiU!DU!
U+-$B.+0.
7ijD7DU!$IU$>D=jIGD
W,2#.6,+.%*$1"%.8#6$,.$3#6)+.6#$-+$/*41-4%-,+.6$,.$%-2+6)"#3,1$1+.@,-,+.6$
%3#$3#)+3-#@$-+$3%.8#$/3+2$2#@,42$-+$",8"?
`<UKIWD$S<=WUD>>
IU$9JN>?$iF$Fi=GD:
LeLM$0"#.$W3'
I(M2.$C+,.3.7$
>%0.E0++@
FLOORING
A<?!B;BA=!<$AFC<
I(M2.$C+,.3.7$
NjEGiGEMeMYMe
W43%5*#
;@A$EBA<G@<$H
G+%36#
Zi=KIU\$pV<JI!n
D%6'
\#.#3%*$/,.,6",.8$H4%*,-,#6$%3#$3%-#@$%6$6%-,6/%1-+3'?$7%(,242$1346",.8$
6-3#.8-";$+3$1+2)3#66,+.$)%3%**#*$-+$83%,.$,.$-"#$%,3E@3'$1+.@,-,+.;$,6$,.$
-"#$&#3'$",8"$3%.8#?$I-$,6$8#.#3%**'$64)#3,+3$-+$</3,1%.$7%"+8%.'$9;8'2'(
#>/-$&)#):$,.$6-3#.8-"$)3+)#3-,#6;$#6)#1,%**'$5#.@,.8$6-3#.8-"?$S%3@.#66$
,6$3%-#@$%6$2#@,42?$I-$3#6,6-6$@#.-,.8$%.@$2%33,.8$%5+4-$%6$0#**$%6$Z",-#$
+%B$9B3$-.3)('05':$+3$N,31"$9C$%30'()**+:?$I-$,6$%$&#3'$"#%&'$0++@;$0,-"$",8"$
@#.6,-'?
7i=D$IUFi=7<!IiU
"--)cbb000?0++@0+3B#366+431#?1+2b6"+0q)3+)#3-,#6?
)")r0++@s7%22#%tRM%/3,1%.%
15
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
FLOORING
WV=<NIJI!n
!Do!V=D
GARDEN
FURNITURE
I(M2.$C+,.3.7$
F>GEGMLaQeL$
II;JK;!G$F;;BA<@
K;!GNA.2#1++&
555O-')&O0.&/.O+1-J.%+,)P-')&J6+&).6)*J
ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
OGEA (Daniellia ogea)
;<=!>?<@
! WI>!=INV!IiU
GARDEN
FURNITURE
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
DECKING
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
FLOORING
VENEER
;@A$A<?!B;B<C$@>DDEB<?@
G#.-3%*$]$Z#6-$</3,1%
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
SD<=!ZiiW$GiJiV=
J,8"-$8+*@#.$53+0.$+3$)%*#$),.B,6"E53+0.$-+$3#@@,6"$53+0.;$6+2#-,2#6$
2%3B#@$0,-"$@%3B#3$6-3#%B6
K1+,0#$CL6+39#&.#1#7$
>%0.E0++@$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
WDU>I!n$K8b2a
lYl
I(M2.$C+,.3.7$
6%0.$0++@
>IJIG<$GiU!DU!
S,8"$
7ijD7DU!$IU$>D=jIGD
7+@#3%-#$@,2#.6,+.%*$6-%5,*,-'$]$#(",5,-6$2#@,42$2+&#2#.-$%/-#3$
2%.4/%1-43#
`<UKIWD$S<=WUD>>
IU$9JN>?$iF$Fi=GD:
eLM$0"#.$W3'
FLOORING
A<?!B;BA=!<$AFC<
Zi=KIU\$pV<JI!n
7+@#3%-#*'$W,//,14*-
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
I(M2.$C+,.3.7$
NjEGiGEMeMYMe$
7+@#3%-#
G+%36#$
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
K1+,0#$CL6+39#&.#1#7$
F7bGiGEMMlYRR$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
FLOORING
WV=<NIJI!n
!Do!V=D
GARDEN
FURNITURE
;@A$EBA<G@<$H
K1+,0#$CL6+39#&.#1#7$
F>GEGMMQLQR$b$F>GEGMQRmRQ$b$F>GEGMLRemR$b$F>GEGMlLLQe$$$$$$$
!"#$0++@$"%6$2#@,42$@#.6,-';$*+0$5#.@,.8$6-3#.8-";$&#3'$*+0$6-,//.#66$
%.@$3#6,6-%.1#$-+$6"+1B$*+%@6;$%.@$2#@,42$1346",.8$6-3#.8-"?$I-$,6$%$
64,-%5*#$6456-,-4-#$/+3$=+6#0++@$94'05$-6#'()**+:$,.$6+*,@$6#1-,+.6?$<$
@#1+3%-,&#$&#.##3$1%.$5#$)3+@41#@$/3+2$6#*#1-#@$*+86?
I(M2.$C+,.3.7$
F>GEGMLaQeL$$
II;JK;!G$F;;BA<@
7i=D$IUFi=7<!IiU
K;!GNA.2#1++&
555O-')&O0.&/.O+1-J.%+,)P-')&J6+&).6)*J
"--)cbb-3+),(?1,3%@?/3b%/3,1%bF<=i?)@/
16
ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
VENEER
GERONGGANG (Cratoxylon arborescens)
GARDEN
FURNITURE
;<=!>?<@
! WI>!=INV!IiU
I.,-,%**'$@%3B$),.B$+3$*,8"-$53,1BE3#@?$D()+643#$@%3B#.6$-"#$0++@;$54-$-"#$
3#@$1+*+43$,6$3#)+3-#@$-+$3#2%,.?
WDU>I!n$K8b2a
afMEYLM
>IJIG<$GiU!DU!
S,8"$
`<UKIWD$S<=WUD>>
IU$9JN>?$iF$Fi=GD:
lRM$/+3$83##.$2%-#3,%*
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
DECKING
DECKING
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
FLOORING
VENEER
GARDEN
VENEER
FURNITURE
INTERIOR
RAILWAY
X,20,3.&$D#&-,1,*.&$X.R,$X.R.&$!#1#&--.&,$@/&$U"/
FURNITURE
SLEEPERS
ZXDXX![7$>%0.$-,25#3;$/43.,-43#;$@++36$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
SD<=!ZiiW$GiJiV=
7+@#3%-#$
@,2#.6,+.%*$6-%5,*,-'
GARDEN
FURNITURE
;@A$A<?!B;B<C$@>DDEB<?@
>+4-"ED%6-$<6,%
7ijD7DU!$IU$>D=jIGD
WINDOW
FRAMES
@.1($U,2($X,*,2.7$$
T*'0++@;$>%0.$0++@;$W#1B,.8$]$7+4*@,.86$$$$
GARDEN
FURNITURE
D!O$@,4.$\.R.$Q.42,17$
RAILWAY
FLOORING
J+86$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
SLEEPERS
INTERIOR
A<?!B;BA=!<$AFC<
FURNITURE
FLOORING
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
X,20,3.&$D#&-,1,*.&$X.R,$X.R.&$!#1#&--.&,$@/&$U"/
ZXDXX![7$>G>EF7bGiGEMMLMmU$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
@.1($U,2($X,*,2.7$ RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
=<EF7bGiGEMMRYlf$b$=<EGiGEMMLYLe
WV=<NIJI!n
FLOORING
D!O$@,4.$\.R.$Q.42,17$
GVEF7bGiGEmLRYQQ$b$GVEGiGEmLRYQQ
7+@#3%-#*'$W43%5*#$E$-3#%-2#.-$3#H4,3#@
FLOORING
;@A$EBA<G@<$H
!Do!V=D
7+@#3%-#*'$/,.#$%.@$#&#.
Zi=KIU\$pV<JI!n
W,//,14*-
F+3$2+6-$)3%1-,1%*$)43)+6#6$\#3+.88%.8$,6$3#)+3-#@$-+$5#$&#3'$6,2,*%3$
-+$W%3B$3#@$7#3%.-,$9!8/-$'()**+:$,.$1+*+43$%.@$-+$J,8"-$3#@$7#3%.-,$
E!8/-$'()**+:$,.$6-3#.8-"$)3+)#3-,#6?$<56#.1#$+/$3#6,.$1%.%*6$,6$3#)+3-#@$
-+$8,&#$\#3+.88%.8$6+2#$%@&%.-%8#$+&#3$7#3%.-,$,.$%))*,1%-,+.6$0"#3#$
-"#$)3#6#.1#$+/$3#6,.$1%.%*6$,6$/+4.@$-+$5#$+5A#1-,+.%5*#?$!"#$0++@$"%6$
2#@,42$@#.6,-';$%.@$,6$*+0$,.$0#,8"-?$$7%($"%3&#6-$/3+2$J%+6$/+3#6-6$/+3$
.#(-$f$'#%36c$R;QLY2a$GZ$]$afM$2a$F>G?
7i=D$IUFi=7<!IiU
X,20,3.&$D#&-,1,*.&$X.R,$X.R.&$!#1#&--.&,$@/&$U"/
ZXDXX![7$F>GEGMLMaaa$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
"--)cbb000?/)*?/6?/#@?46b@+142.-6b!#1">"##-6bG"4@.+//b>D<6,%.q
i1#%.,1b"-2*W+16q>D<6,%.bG3%-+('*+.%35+3#61#.6?"-2*
17
@.1($U,2($X,*,2.7$$
F>GEGMRLmeM$b$F>GEGMMLQfY$$$$
D!O$@,4.$\.R.$Q.42,17$
F>GEGLMRaMf$b$F>GEGLMfeMY$
II;JK;!G$F;;BA<@
K;!GNQ.3.R*(.S$K;!GNB&/+&#*(.
555O-')&O0.&/.O+1-J.%+,)P-')&J6+&).6)*J
ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
Muiracatiara
;<=!>?<@
! WI>!=INV!IiU
WINDOW
FRAMES
GARDEN
FURNITURE
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
DECKING
DECKING
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
FLOORING
VENEER
;@A$A<?!B;B<C$@>DDEB<?@
VENEER
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F>GEGMLaQeL$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
D.33(*6+7$$
F>GEGMRLYme$
FLOORING
II;JK;!G$F;;BA<@
K;!GNA.2#1++&
555O-')&O0.&/.O+1-J.%+,)P-')&J6+&).6)*J
WINDOW
FRAMES
ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
DECKING
;<=!>?<@
! WI>!=INV!IiU
W%3B#.6$-+$%$3#@@,6"$53+0.
WDU>I!n$K8b2a
QQa
>IJIG<$GiU!DU!
U+-$B.+0.
7ijD7DU!$IU$>D=jIGD
7+@#3%-#$
@,2#.6,+.%*$6-%5,*,-'
`<UKIWD$S<=WUD>>
IU$9JN>?$iF$Fi=GD:
LQQM$0"#.$@3'
GARDEN
FURNITURE
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
FLOORING
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
DECKING
VENEER
;@A$A<?!B;B<C$@>DDEB<?@
VENEER
>+4-"$<2#3,1%
SD<=!ZiiW$GiJiV=
VENEER
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
FLOORING
U(+2./#1.*7$
F+3#6-$)3+@41-6$@,6-3,54-+3$b$,2)+3-#3
GARDEN
FURNITURE
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
INTERIOR
A<?!B;BA=!<$AFC<
FURNITURE
FLOORING
RAILWAY
U(+2./#1.*7$
SLEEPERS
>ZEGiGEMMflfR
GARDEN
FURNITURE
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
FLOORING
WV=<NIJI!n
j#3'$W43%5*#
FLOORING
!Do!V=D
Zi=KIU\$pV<JI!n
;@A$EBA<G@<$H
F,.#
F%,3*'$W,//,14*-
U(+2./#1.*7$
F>GEGLMfQfY
<$&#3'$%--3%1-,&#$0++@;$G434)%'$,6$)3,2%3,*'$46#@$,.$/*++3,.8?$S%3@#3$
%.@$2+3#$@#.6#$-"%.$I)#$9A'5$5#3'()$--'%#G/0#':?$\#.#3%*$/,.,6",.8$
H4%*,-,#6$%3#$3%-#@$%6$8++@?$$S%6$46#6$-"%-$1+2)#-#$0,-"$J%4%.$9!8/-$'(
)**+:$%.@$I)#$9A'5$5#3'()$--'%#G/0#':?
II;JK;!G$F;;BA<@
7i=D$IUFi=7<!IiU
"--)cbb000?0++@E@%-%5%6#?1+2b*425#3E,@#.-,/,1%-,+.b"%3@0++@6b1#5,*b
25
K;!GNA+3+2%(.]$<^,./+1]$D.&.2.$T$V#&#Y,#3.]$G+1)"#1&$
=2.Y+&$.&/$A"+6_$C.1(L&]$K;!GNK#12.&R
555O-')&O0.&/.O+1-J.%+,)P-')&J6+&).6)*J
ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
LATI (Amphimas pterocarpoides)
;<=!>?<@
! WI>!=INV!IiU
GARDEN
FURNITURE
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
DECKING
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
FLOORING
VENEER
;@A$A<?!B;B<C$@>DDEB<?@
G#.-3%*$]$Z#6-$</3,1%
SD<=!ZiiW$GiJiV=
I.,-,%**'$+3%.8#$%.@$@%3B#.6$-+$+3%.8#E53+0.$4)+.$#()+643#?
WDU>I!n$K8b2a
efa
>IJIG<$GiU!DU!
U+-$B.+0.
GARDEN
FURNITURE
RAILWAY
I(M2.7$
SLEEPERS
>%0.$0++@$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
$$$$$$$$$$$$$
D.33(*6+7$$
J+86;$>%0.$0++@;$K,*.$@3,#@;$T*%.#@$0++@;$/*++3,.8$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
K1+,0#$CL6+39#&.#1#7$
FLOORING
>%0.E0++@$
A<?!B;BA=!<$AFC<
7ijD7DU!$IU$>D=jIGD
`<UKIWD$S<=WUD>>
IU$9JN>?$iF$Fi=GD:
D(1#**#.-$>-%5,*,-'$E$>2%**$7+&#2#.-
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
I(M2.7$
NjEGiGEMeMYMe
LaMM$0"#.$@3'
D.33(*6+7$$
FLOORING
K1+,0#$CL6+39#&.#1#7$
F7bGiGEMMlYRR$$$$$
WV=<NIJI!n
7+@#3%-#*'$@43%5*#$-+$.+.E@43%5*#
;@A$EBA<G@<$H
!Do!V=D
7#@,42b$G+%36#
Zi=KIU\$pV<JI!n
7#@,42
I(M2.7$
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$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
D.33(*6+7$$
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S%6$%.$%--3%1-,&#$%))#%3%.1#;$H4,-#$6,2,*%3$-+$-"%-$+/$D'+.8$9H-#5-/9'(
/50/&6':?$\#.#3%*$/,.,6",.8$H4%*,-,#6$%3#$3%-#@$%6$8++@?
K1+,0#$CL6+39#&.#1#7$
II;JK;!G$F;;BA<@
7i=D$IUFi=7<!IiU
K;!GNA.2#1++&
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"--)cbb-3+),(?1,3%@?/3b%/3,1%bJ<!I?)@/
26
ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
VENEER
MANDIOQUEIRA (Qualea paraensis)
GARDEN
FURNITURE
;<=!>?<@
! WI>!=INV!IiU
T,.B,6"$53+0.$-+$3#@@,6"$53+0.
WDU>I!n$K8b2a
eMf
>IJIG<$GiU!DU!
S,8"$
7ijD7DU!$IU$>D=jIGD
7+@#3%-#$
@,2#.6,+.%*$6-%5,*,-'
`<UKIWD$S<=WUD>>
IU$9JN>?$iF$Fi=GD:
LaRM$0"#.$W3'
WV=<NIJI!n
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
DECKING
DECKING
FLOORING
VENEER
;@A$A<?!B;B<C$@>DDEB<?@
VENEER
INTERIOR
C<XQ=7$
FURNITURE
W#1B,.8;$/#.1,.8;$-,*#6;$+4-@++3$/43.,-43#
>+4-"$<2#3,1%
SD<=!ZiiW$GiJiV=
WINDOW
FRAMES
F1*.$;3+1#*).37$
J+86;$J425#3$9>R>;$>l>$E$#()+3-;$5+%3@6;$5#%26;$6H4%3#6$%.@$+-"#3$
GARDEN
14-6$E$@+2#6-,1:$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
FURNITURE
RAILWAY
A+&*+16(+$;+1#*).3$=2.Y+&(6+7$
SLEEPERS
>%0.$0++@;$K,*.$@3,#@E$R;$a;$lZE$f$4)JE$Y$-+$LY$/##-
INTERIOR
A<?!B;BA=!<$AFC<
FURNITURE
FLOORING
C<XQ=7$
=<EGiGEMMLYfm
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
F1*.$;3+1#*).37$
>G>EGiGEMMMYam$$$$$$$$
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
A+&*+16(+$;+1#*).3$=2.Y+&(6+7$
GVEF7bGiGEmLaaea$$
U+.EW43%5*#
FLOORING
;@A$EBA<G@<$H
!Do!V=D
7#@,42$-+$G+%36#
Zi=KIU\$pV<JI!n
F%,3*'$W,//,14*-
S#%3-0++@$3#6,6-%.1#$-+$@#1%'$,.$p4%*#%$-,25#36$,6$&%3,%5*#;$54-$-"#$2%-#3,%*$
,6$8#.#3%**'$4.64,-%5*#$/+3$46#$4.@#3$)3+*+.8#@$2+,6-$1+.@,-,+.6$4.*#66$,-$,6$
)3+-#1-,&#*'$1+%-#@?$
>,2,*%3$-+$-"#$</3,1%.$6)#1,#6$I3+B+$9I80/-/*8/-'($:.$0)':$,.$2#1"%.,1%*$%.@$
)"'6,1%*$)3+)#3-,#6?$I6$%$"%3@$%.@$@43%5*#$0++@?$I-$,6$64,-%5*#$/+3$@#1+3%-,&#$
&#.##3;$/*++3,.8;$-43.#3';$@#1B,.8;$8%3@#.$/43.,-43#;$#(-#3,+3$1+.6-341-,+.$%.@$
3%,*0%'$6*##)#36;$$,-$"%6$8++@$2%1",.,.8$%.@$/,.,6",.8$H4%*,-,#6?
7i=D$IUFi=7<!IiU
GARDEN
FURNITURE
C<XQ=7$
F>GEGMLMLLm
"--)cbb000?0++@0+3B#366+431#?1+2b+.*,.#q6"+0q0++@?
)")r0++@sp4%*#%tRM)%3%#.6,6
27
F1*.$;3+1#*).37$
F>GEGMMReYL$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
A+&*+16(+$;+1#*).3$=2.Y+&(6+7$$
F>GEGMMfYlY$
II;JK;!G$F;;BA<@
K;!GND#1,S$K;!GNU+3(9(.$
555O-')&O0.&/.O+1-J.%+,)P-')&J6+&).6)*J
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
FLOORING
ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
TATAJUBA (Bagassa guianensis)
;<=!>?<@
! WI>!=INV!IiU
n#**+0$-43.,.8$'#**+0$53+0.$-+$@%3B$53+0.$0,-"$%8#
WDU>I!n$K8b2a
emf
>IJIG<$GiU!DU!
S,8"$
VENEER
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
GARDEN
FURNITURE
WINDOW
FRAMES
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
DECKING
DECKING
FLOORING
VENEER
;@A$A<?!B;B<C$@>DDEB<?@
GARDEN
VENEER
FURNITURE
INTERIOR
RAILWAY
FURNITURE
SLEEPERS
F1*.$;3+1#*).37$
J+86;$J425#3$9>R>;$>l>$E$#()+3-;$5+%3@6;$5#%26;$6H4%3#6$%.@$+-"#3$
14-6$E$@+2#6-,1:$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
GARDEN
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
U(+2./#1.*7$
FURNITURE
F+3#6-$)3+@41-6$@,6-3,54-+3$b$,2)+3-#3$$$$$$$$$$
RAILWAY
FLOORING
SLEEPERS
>+4-"$<2#3,1%
SD<=!ZiiW$GiJiV=
GARDEN
FURNITURE
INTERIOR
A<?!B;BA=!<$AFC<
FURNITURE
7ijD7DU!$IU$>D=jIGD
D(1#**#.-$6-%5,*,-'$E$62%**$2+&#2#.-
`<UKIWD$S<=WUD>>
IU$9JN>?$iF$Fi=GD:
LeaM$0"#.$W3'
FLOORING
F1*.$;3+1#*).37$
>G>EGiGEMMMYam
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
FLOORING
U(+2./#1.*7$
>ZEGiGEMMflfR
WV=<NIJI!n
W43%5*#
FLOORING
!Do!V=D
7#@,42
Zi=KIU\$pV<JI!n
F%,3*'$D%6'
7i=D$IUFi=7<!IiU
;@A$EBA<G@<$H
>456-,-4-#$,.$)*'0++@$)3+@41-,+.$/+3$J,8"-$&,3+*%$9J#-/0'()3-#&'9$&)#):;$
DB+)$9A$%-'5$-0#&#'(%359'&#'&'(K(A+(5#G/0#/0'%'$:;$N3+0.$-#32,.%*,%$
9A$-9#&'0#'(5-'))##:;$K+.@3+-,$9C/95':(5-$>#.3)*$:?$$!"#$6)#1,#6$,6$
1+.6,@#3%5*'$6-3+.8#3$-"%.$Z",-#$+%B$9B3$-.3)('05':$+3$!#%B$9A$.%/&'(
6-'&<#):?$I-$,6$"%3@$E$"%3@#3$-"%.$!#%B?$$\#.#3%*$/,.,6",.8$H4%*,-,#6$%3#$
3%-#@$%6$8++@?$$I.$83##.$1+.@,-,+.;$,-$,6$64)#3,+3$,.$)3+)#3-,#6$-+$Z",-#$
i%B?$7#1"%.,1%*$)3+)#3-,#6$,.$-"#$@3'$1+.@,-,+.$%3#$1+2)%3%5*#$-+$
>"%85%3B$",1B+3'$9I'-2'(/>'%':?
F1*.$;3+1#*).37$
F>GEGMMReYL$
U(+2./#1.*7$
F>GEGLMfQfY
II;JK;!G$F;;BA<@
K;!GNA+3+2%(.]$<^,./+1]$D.&.2.$T$V#&#Y,#3.]$G+1)"#1&$
=2.Y+&$.&/$A"+6_$C.1(L&]$K;!GNK#12.&R
555O-')&O0.&/.O+1-J.%+,)P-')&J6+&).6)*J
"--)cbb-3+),(?1,3%@?/3b%2#3,1%b!<!<`VN<?)@/
28
ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
VENEER
GARDEN
FURNITURE
;<=!>?<@
! WI>!=INV!IiU
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
FLOORING
;@A$A<?!B;B<C$@>DDEB<?@
G#.-3%*$]$>+4-"$<2#3,1%
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
SD<=!ZiiW$GiJiV=
!"#$"#%3-0++@$,6$'#**+0,6"$53+0.$-+$@%3B$3#@@,6"$53+0.$,.$1+*+43;$
464%**'$0,-"$6-3,)#6$+/$%$*,8"-#3$1+*+43?
WDU>I!n$K8b2a
mQe
>IJIG<$GiU!DU!
U+-$B.+0.
7ijD7DU!$IU$>D=jIGD
7+@#3%-#$@,2#.6,+.%*$6-%5,*,-'$]$#(",5,-6$2#@,42$2+&#2#.-$%/-#3$
2%.4/%1-43#
`<UKIWD$S<=WUD>>
IU$9JN>?$iF$Fi=GD:
ReMM$0"#.$W3'
U(+2./#1.*7$
F+3#6-$)3+@41-6$@,6-3,54-+3$b$,2)+3-#3
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
A<?!B;BA=!<$AFC<
FLOORING
U(+2./#1.*7$
>ZEGiGEMMflfR
WV=<NIJI!n
W43%5*#$E$3%-#@$%6$&#3'$3#6,6-%.-$-+$/4.846$%.@$,.6#1-$%--%1B
!Do!V=D
G+%36#
Zi=KIU\$pV<JI!n
D%6'
;@A$EBA<G@<$H
\#.#3%*$/,.,6",.8$H4%*,-,#6$%3#$3%-#@$%6$8++@?$$N*%1B$G%55%8#$N%3B$,6$%$
)+-#.-,%*$6456-,-4-#$/+3$%))*,1%-,+.6$0"#3#$%$@%3BE3#@@,6"$0++@;$641"$%6$
7%"+8%.'$9>"#$%$&#'()**+:$,6$3#H4,3#@?$$!"#$0++@$-%B#6$/,.,6"#6$0#**;$
#(1#)-$)+*'43#-"%.#?$F,.,6",.8$,6$3#)+3-#@$-+$",8"*,8"-$,33#84*%3,-,#6$,.$
-"#$83%,.$-+$2%B#$-"#$.+32%**'$@4**$0++@$3%-"#3$%--3%1-,&#?
U(+2./#1.*7$
F>GEGLMfQfY
II;JK;!G$F;;BA<@
7i=D$IUFi=7<!IiU
"--)cbb000?0++@0+3B#366+431#?1+2b+.*,.#q6"+0q0++@?
)")r0++@sJ+.1"+1%3)46tRM1%6-,**+,
29
K;!GNA+3+2%(.]$<^,./+1]$D.&.2.$T$V#&#Y,#3.]$G+1)"#1&$
=2.Y+&$.&/$A"+6_$C.1(L&]$K;!GNK#12.&R
555O-')&O0.&/.O+1-J.%+,)P-')&J6+&).6)*J
ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
JATOBA (Erisma uncinatum)
;<=!>?<@
! WI>!=INV!IiU
GARDEN
FURNITURE
ENGINEERING &
CONSTRUCTION DECKING
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
WINDOW
FRAMES
;@A$A<?!B;B<C$@>DDEB<?@
>+4-"$<2#3,1%
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
SD<=!ZiiW$GiJiV=
T%*#$),.B$53+0.$-+$)43)*,6"$53+0.$+3$*,8"-$3#@@,6"E53+0.
WDU>I!n$K8b2a
fQR
>IJIG<$GiU!DU!
S,8"$
DECKING
7ijD7DU!$IU$>D=jIGD
`<UKIWD$S<=WUD>>
IU$9JN>?$iF$Fi=GD:
QlM$0"#.$W3'
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
F1*.$;3+1#*).37$
>G>EGiGEMMMYam$$$$$$$
WV=<NIJI!n
7+@#3%-#*'$W43%5*#
!Do!V=D
7#@,42$-+$1+%36#
Zi=KIU\$pV<JI!n
\++@
;@A$EBA<G@<$H
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
FLOORING
F1*.$;3+1#*).37$
F>GEGMMReYL$$$$$$
!"#$-,25#3$,6$3#)+3-#@$-+$5#$6,2,*%3$,.$)3+)#3-,#6$-+$7#3%.-,$9!8/-$'()**+:
II;JK;!G$F;;BA<@
7i=D$IUFi=7<!IiU
"--)cbb000?0++@0+3B#366+431#?1+2b+.*,.#q6"+0q0++@?
)")r0++@sD3,62%tRM4.1,.%-42
30
GARDEN
FURNITURE
F1*.$;3+1#*).37$
J+86;$J425#3$9>R>;$>l>$E$#()+3-;$5+%3@6;$5#%26;$6H4%3#6$%.@$+-"#3$
14-6$E$@+2#6-,1:$$$$$$$$
INTERIOR
VENEER
FURNITURE
FLOORING
GARDEN
A<?!B;BA=!<$AFC<
FURNITURE
F%,3$-+$\++@$>-%5,*,-'$E$7#@,42$7+&#2#.-$
VENEER
K;!GNU+3(9(.
555O-')&O0.&/.O+1-J.%+,)P-')&J6+&).6)*J
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
FLOORING
ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
BERANGAN (Castanopsis acuminatissima)
;<=!>?<@
! WI>!=INV!IiU
SD<=!ZiiW$GiJiV=
@.%."$;+1#*)1R$C#0.1)2#&)7$
J+86$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
=#@@,6"$53+0.$-+$)%*#$53+0.
fLR
>IJIG<$GiU!DU!
U+-$B.+0.
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
DECKING
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
FLOORING
VENEER
;@A$A<?!B;B<C$@>DDEB<?@
>+4-"ED%6-$<6,%
WDU>I!n$K8b2a
GARDEN
FURNITURE
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
X,20,3.&$D#&-,1,*.&$X.R,$X.R.&$!#1#&--.&,$@/&$U"/
INTERIOR
ZXDXX![7$
FURNITURE
>%0.$-,25#3;$/43.,-43#;$@++3
FLOORING
A<?!B;BA=!<$AFC<
7ijD7DU!$IU$>D=jIGD
D(1#**#.-$6-%5,*,-'$E$62%**$2+&#2#.-
`<UKIWD$S<=WUD>>
IU$9JN>?$iF$Fi=GD:
mmM$0"#.$W3'
FLOORING
X,20,3.&$D#&-,1,*.&$X.R,$X.R.&$!#1#&--.&,$@/&$U"/
ZXDXX![7$
>G>EF7bGiGEMMLMmU
j#3'$W43%5*#
G+%36#
Zi=KIU\$pV<JI!n
D%6'
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
@.%."$;+1#*)1R$C#0.1)2#&)7$
>G>EF7bGiGEMMLaYU$$b$>G>EF7bGiGEMMLlLU$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
WV=<NIJI!n
!Do!V=D
GARDEN
FURNITURE
;@A$EBA<G@<$H
@.%."$;+1#*)1R$C#0.1)2#&)7$$
F>GEGLMRaYM$b$$F>GEGLMRlRM$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
!",6$6)#1,#6$,6$%$-34#$+%B;$%.@$,6$1*+6#*'$3#*%-#@$-+$6)#1,#6$,.$-"#$8#.46$
p4#3146$+/$-"#$.+3-"#3.$"#2,6)"#3#?$$!"#$0++@$3#6,6-6$@#.-,.8$%.@$2%33,.8$
%5+4-$%6$0#**$%6$Z",-#$+%B$9B3$-.3)('05':$+3$5,31"$9C$%30'()**+:$%.@$"%6$%$
",8"$@#.6,-'?$$7%($"%3&#6-$/3+2$J%+6$/+3#6-6$/+3$.#(-$f$'#%36c$aR;QLY$2a$GZ$
]$afM$2a$F>G?
X,20,3.&$D#&-,1,*.&$X.R,$X.R.&$!#1#&--.&,$@/&$U"/
ZXDXX![7$
F>GEGMLMaaa
II;JK;!G$F;;BA<@
7i=D$IUFi=7<!IiU
"--)cbb000?0++@0+3B#366+431#?1+2b6"+0q)3+)#3-,#6?
)")r0++@sG%6-%.+)6,6tRM%142,.%-,66,2%
31
K;!GNQ.3.R*(.
555O-')&O0.&/.O+1-J.%+,)P-')&J6+&).6)*J
ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
NARGUSTA (Terminalia amazonica)
;<=!>?<@
! WI>!=INV!IiU
GARDEN
FURNITURE
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
DECKING
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
FLOORING
VENEER
;@A$A<?!B;B<C$@>DDEB<?@
G#.-3%*$]$>+4-"$<2#3,1%
K1##&$K+3/$;+1#*)1R7$
RAILWAY
>%0.0++@$]$*+86$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
SLEEPERS
SD<=!ZiiW$GiJiV=
j%3,#8%-#@$'#**+0E53+0.$-+$+*,&#E53+0.$1+*+43;$+11%6,+.%**'$0,-"$1*#%3$
3#@@,6"$6-3,)#6$+3$6-3#%B6
A+&*+16(+$;+1#*).3$=2.Y_&(6+7$$
>%0.$0++@
WDU>I!n$K8b2a
eYQ
<AFE<KGF7$$
W#1B,.8;$0++@$/#.1#6;$-+2%-+$6-,1B;$6*##)#36$$$$
FLOORING
>IJIG<$GiU!DU!
U+-$B.+0.
7ijD7DU!$IU$>D=jIGD
7+@#3%-#$
@,2#.6,+.%*$6-%5,*,-'
`<UKIWD$S<=WUD>>
IU$9JN>?$iF$Fi=GD:
L;YLM$-+$R;LMM$0"#.$@3'
A+&*+16(+$;+1#*).3$=2.Y_&(6+7$$
GVEF7bGiGEmLaaea$
<AFE<KGF7$
>ZEGiGEMMlMQm$b$>ZEGiGEMMlRQa$b$>ZEF7bGiGEMMlfma$
W43%5*#
V+&$W,2%+3/)$;+1#*)7$
>ZEF7bGiGEMMfeLa$$$
Zi=KIU\$pV<JI!n
7+@#3%-#
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7i=D$IUFi=7<!IiU
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
K1##&$K+3/$;+1#*)1R7$
>ZEF7bGiGEMMfleY$b$GVEGiGEmLlmlQ$$
WV=<NIJI!n
7#@,42
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
V+&$W,2%+3/)$;+1#*)7$
J+86$]$6%0.$0++@$
A<?!B;BA=!<$AFC<
!Do!V=D
GARDEN
FURNITURE
U%3846-%$,6$3#)+3-#@$-+$"%&#$2#@,42$6-3#.8-"$)3+)#3-,#6$,.$5#.@,.8;$
1346",.8;$%.@$3#6,6-%.1#$-+$6"+1B$*+%@6?$I-$,6$*+0$,.$6-,//.#66?$I-$,6$/%,3*'$
"%3@;$"#%&';$%.@$"%6$",8"$@#.6,-'?$$>)#1,#6$6"+4*@$)3#/#3%5*'$5#$46#@$
4.@#3$)3+-#1-,+.$/3+2$-"#$#*#2#.-6$6,.1#$,-$"%6$*,--*#$+3$.+$3#6,6-%.1#$
-+$-"#$@#6-341-,&#$#//#1-6$+/$-"#$0#%-"#3?$\#.#3%*$/,.,6",.8$H4%*,-,#6$%3#$
3%-#@$%6$8++@?$I-$,6$0,@#6)3#%@$-"3+48"+4-$G#.-3%*$%.@$.+3-"#3.$>+4-"$
<2#3,1%?
"--)cbb000?0++@0+3B#366+431#?1+2b6"+0q)3+)#3-,#6?
)")r0++@s!#32,.%*,%tRM%2%C+.,1%
32
<AFE<KGF7$$
F>GEGMMQflQ$b$F>GEGMMQflQ$b$F>GEGMLeQaM$$
V+&$W,2%+3/)$;+1#*)7$
F>GEGLMYYlM$
II;JK;!G$F;;BA<@
K;!GNU+3(9(.S$K;!GND#1,
555O-')&O0.&/.O+1-J.%+,)P-')&J6+&).6)*J
FLOORING
ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
KONDROTI (Bombax brevicuspe)
;<=!>?<@
! WI>!=INV!IiU
GARDEN
FURNITURE
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
DECKING
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
FLOORING
VENEER
;@A$A<?!B;B<C$@>DDEB<?@
G#.-3%*;$Z#6-$]$D%6-$</3,1%
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
SD<=!ZiiW$GiJiV=
T%*#$3#@@,6"$53+0.$,.$1+*+43;$6+2#-,2#6$0,-"$@%3B#3$2%3B,.86
WDU>I!n$K8b2a
lYl
>IJIG<$GiU!DU!
U+-$B.+0.
7ijD7DU!$IU$>D=jIGD
>#%6+.#@$0++@$,6$3#)+3-#@$-+$"%&#$8++@$@,2#.6,+.%*$6-%5,*,-';$%.@$"+*@6$
,-6$)*%1#$0#**$,.$46#?
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aQM$0"#.$W3'
K1+,0#$C#6+39#&.#1#7$
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FLOORING
A<?!B;BA=!<$AFC<
U+.EW43%5*#
G+%36#
Zi=KIU\$pV<JI!n
D%6'
;@A$EBA<G@<$H
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F>GEGMMQLQR$b$F>GEGMQRmRQ$b$F>GEGMLRemR$b$F>GEGMlLLQe
!"#$0++@$,6$",8"*'$%56+35#.-;$0",1"$1+2)#.6%-#6$/+3$,-6$*+0$@43%5,*,-'$
6,.1#$,-$,6$&#3'$#%6'$-+$-3#%-$0,-"$)3#6#3&%-,&#6?
II;JK;!G$F;;BA<@
7i=D$IUFi=7<!IiU
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
K1+,0#$CL6+39#&.#1#7$
FLOORING
F7bGiGEMMlYRR$$
WV=<NIJI!n
!Do!V=D
GARDEN
FURNITURE
K;!GNA.2#1++&
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"--)cbb-3+),(?1,3%@?/3b%/3,1%bKiUW=i!I?)@/
33
ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
MORADO (Machaerium scleroxylon)
;<=!>?<@
! WI>!=INV!IiU
ENGINEERING & GARDEN
CONSTRUCTION FURNITURE
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
DECKING
WINDOW
FRAMES
FLOORING
VENEER
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
;@A$A<?!B;B<C$@>DDEB<?@
>+4-"$<2#3,1%
DECKING
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
GARDEN
FURNITURE
SD<=!ZiiW$GiJiV=
W%3B$53+0.$-+$-%.$0,-"$,33#84*%3$5*%1BE)43)*,6"$6-3,)#6?$=#)+3-#@*'$-"#$
0++@$"%6$%$6-3+.8$3#6#25*%.1#$-+$N3%C,*,%.$=+6#0++@$9W%*5#38,%$.,83%:?
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WDU>I!n$K8b2a
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W++36;$/*++3,.8$]$@#1B,.8$$$
>IJIG<$GiU!DU!
S,8"$
7ijD7DU!$IU$>D=jIGD
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@,2#.6,+.%*$6-%5,*,-'
`<UKIWD$S<=WUD>>
IU$9JN>?$iF$Fi=GD:
LemM$0"#.$W3'
GARDEN
A<?!B;BA=!<$AFC<
FURNITURE
C<XQ=7$
=<EGiGEMMLYfm
WV=<NIJI!n
W43%5*#$E$%6$*+.8$%6$.+-$,.$@,3#1-$1+.-%1-$0,-"$83+4.@
!Do!V=D
F,.#
Zi=KIU\$pV<JI!n
W,//,14*-
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
Q.%#)7$$
>ZEGiGEMMLMfe$
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
;@A$EBA<G@<$H
C<XQ=7$
F>GEGMLMLLm
FLOORING
<$6456-,-4-#$=+6#0++@$+/$83#%-$5#%4-';$3#@$53+0.$-+$@##)$)43)*#$53+0.;$
/,.#$-#(-43#@$%.@$5#%4-,/4**'$2%3B#@;$6"+0,.8$241"$+/$-"#$1"%3%1-#3$+/$
-"#$5#6-$3+6#0++@6$%.@$64)#35$/+3$1%5,.#-$0+3B?$I.@##@$,-$,6$%*6+$B.+0.$%6$
N+*,&,%.$=+6#0++@?
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Q.%#)7$$
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34
K;!GNU+3(9(.S$K;!GND#1,
555O-')&O0.&/.O+1-J.%+,)P-')&J6+&).6)*J
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
FLOORING
ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
VENEER
CHEREK (Peronema canescens)
GARDEN
FURNITURE
;<=!>?<@
! WI>!=INV!IiU
J,8"-$53+0.
WDU>I!n$K8b2a
fRMEeaM
>IJIG<$GiU!DU!
J+0
DECKING
FLOORING
VENEER
;@A$A<?!B;B<C$@>DDEB<?@
GARDEN
FURNITURE
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
X,20,3.&$D#&-,1,*.&$X.R,$X.R.&$!#1#&--.&,$@/&$U"/
ZXDXX![7$
>%0.$-,25#3;$/43.,-43#;$@++3$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
>+4-"ED%6-$<6,%
SD<=!ZiiW$GiJiV=
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
@.1($U,2($X,*,2.7$$
T*'0++@;$>%0.$0++@;$W#1B,.8$]$7+4*@,.86
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
A<?!B;BA=!<$AFC<
7ijD7DU!$IU$>D=jIGD
D(1#**#.-$6-%5,*,-'$E$62%**$2+&#2#.-
`<UKIWD$S<=WUD>>
IU$9JN>?$iF$Fi=GD:
U+-$K.+0.
FLOORING
@.1($U,2($X,*,2.7$
=<EF7bGiGEMMRYlf$b$=<EGiGEMMLYLe
7+@#3%-#*'$W43%5*#$E$-3#%-2#.-$3#H4,3#@
7#@,42bF,.#
Zi=KIU\$pV<JI!n
D%6'
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
X,20,3.&$D#&-,1,*.&$X.R,$X.R.&$!#1#&--.&,$@/&$U"/
ZXDXX![7$
>G>EF7bGiGEMMLMmU$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
FLOORING
WV=<NIJI!n
!Do!V=D
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
;@A$EBA<G@<$H
X,20,3.&$D#&-,1,*.&$X.R,$X.R.&$!#1#&--.&,$@/&$U"/
ZXDXX![7$
F>GEGMLMaaa$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
!"#$-,25#3$&#3'$241"$3#6#25*#6$!#%B$9A$.%/&'(6-'&<#):;$%.@$%6$641";$,-$,6$
+/-#.$3#/#33#@$-+$%6$u0",-#$-#%Bv$,.$-"#$-3%@#?$$!",6$6)#1,#6$,6$+/-#.$46#@$,.$
3#/+3#6-%-,+.$)3+83%26$,.$*+88,.8$1+.1#66,+.6?
@.1($U,2($X,*,2.7$$
F>GEGMRLmeM$b$F>GEGMMLQfY
II;JK;!G$F;;BA<@
7i=D$IUFi=7<!IiU
G+.-%1-$\F!UEI.@+.#6,%$/+3$2+3#$,./+32%-,+.$+.$-",6$6)#1,#6
35
K;!GNQ.3.R*(.S$K;!GNB&/+&#*(.
555O-')&O0.&/.O+1-J.%+,)P-')&J6+&).6)*J
ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
TCHITOLA (Oxystigma oxyphyllum)
;<=!>?<@
! WI>!=INV!IiU
GARDEN
FURNITURE
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
DECKING
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
FLOORING
VENEER
;@A$A<?!B;B<C$@>DDEB<?@
G#.-3%*$]$Z#6-$</3,1%
SD<=!ZiiW$GiJiV=
N3+0.,6"E),.B$0"#.$/3#6"*'$14-$54-$2%-43#6$-+$%$3#@@,6"E53+0.$1+*+43$4)+.$
#()+643#?$W%3B$842$3,.86$8,&#$-"#$0++@$%$&#3'$%--3%1-,&#$%))#%3%.1#?$Z#**E
2%3B#@$%.@$6-3,B,.8$5*%1B$%.@$)%*#$'#**+0$6-3,)#6$%3#$%*6+$)3#6#.-
WDU>I!n$K8b2a
YlL
>IJIG<$GiU!DU!
U+-$B.+0.
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
I(M2.7$
>%0.$0++@
FLOORING
A<?!B;BA=!<$AFC<
7ijD7DU!$IU$>D=jIGD
F%,3$-+$\++@$>-%5,*,-'$E$7#@,42$7+&#2#.-
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Zi=KIU\$pV<JI!n
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,-6$3%.8#;$,.1*4@,.8$G+.8+?$$j#3'$6,2,*%3$-+$`%-+5%$9L29'&'$'(./3-5'-#0:?$
!"#$-,25#3$0+3B6$0#**$,.$)*%.,.8;$-43.,.8;$5+3,.8;$2+4*@,.8;$2+3-,6,.8;$
3+4-,.8;$%.@$+-"#3$2%1",.,.8$+)#3%-,+.6?$!"#$-,25#3$,6$3#)+3-#@$-+$
)#3/+32$)++3*'$0"#.$#()+6#@$-+$%-2+6)"#3,1$1+.@,-,+.6?
I(M2.7$
F>GEGMLaQeL$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
II;JK;!G$F;;BA<@
7i=D$IUFi=7<!IiU
"--)cbb000?/)*?/6?/#@?46b@+142.-6b!#1">"##-6bG"4@.+//b</3,1%.b
"-2*W+16q%/3,1%bi('6-,82%+(')"'**42?"-2*
36
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
FLOORING
WV=<NIJI!n
!Do!V=D
GARDEN
FURNITURE
K;!GNA.2#1++&
555O-')&O0.&/.O+1-J.%+,)P-')&J6+&).6)*J
ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
SUCUPIRA (Diplotropis purpurea)
ENGINEERING & GARDEN
CONSTRUCTION FURNITURE
VENEER
WINDOW
FRAMES
GARDEN
FURNITURE
;<=!>?<@
! WI>!=INV!IiU
SD<=!ZiiW$GiJiV=
!"#$"#%3-0++@$,6$,.,-,%**'$1"+1+*%-#$53+0.$54-$,-$-43.6$-+$%$*,8"-#3$53+0.$
1+*+43$%/-#3$6#%6+.,.8;$+11%6,+.%**'$83#',6"$53+0.$0,-"$/,.#$*,8"-#3$6-3,)#6?$
!"#$-,25#3$+/-#.$"%6$%$0%('$%))#%3%.1#?
mmL
>IJIG<$GiU!DU!
S,8"$
7ijD7DU!$IU$>D=jIGD
7+@#3%-#$
@,2#.6,+.%*$6-%5,*,-'
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RLlM$0"#.$W3'
7+@#3%-#*'$W,//,14*-
FLOORING
VENEER
14-6$E$@+2#6-,1:$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
V+&$W,2%+3/)$;+1#*)7$
GARDEN
J+86$]$6%0.$0++@$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
VENEER
FURNITURE
RAILWAY
FLOORING
K1##&$K+3/$;+1#*)1R7$
SLEEPERS
>+*,@$0++@$96%0.;$1",))#@;$)##*#@:$$
INTERIOR
A<?!B;BA=!<$AFC<
FURNITURE
INTERIOR
V+&$W,2%+3/)$;+1#*)7$
FURNITURE
>ZEF7bGiGEMMfeLa$$
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
K1##&$K+3/$;+1#*)1R7$
>ZEF7bGiGEMMfleY$b$GVEGiGEmLlmlQ
FLOORING
;@A$EBA<G@<$H
F1*.$;3+1#*).37$
F>GEGMMReYL
FLOORING
V+&$W,2%+3/)$;+1#*)7$
F>GEGLMYYlM
!"#$0++@$,6$3#)+3-#@$-+$5#$6,2,*%3$-+$-"#$</3,1%.$6)#1,#6;$Z#.8#$97#00$%%#'(
0'3-$&%##:$,.$2%.'$2#1"%.,1%*$)3+)#3-,#6?$I-$,6$3#)+3-#@$-+$5#$64)#3,+3$-+$
",1B+3'$9I'-2'()**+:$%.@$Z",-#$+%B$9B3$-.3)('05':?$$\#.#3%*$/,.,6",.8$
H4%*,-,#6$%3#$3%-#@$%6$8++@?
K1##&$K+3/$;+1#*)1R7$
F>GEGLMlRfa$b$F>GEGLMaYmm$$$
II;JK;!G$F;;BA<@
7i=D$IUFi=7<!IiU
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
F1*.$;3+1#*).37$
>G>EGiGEMMMYam$$
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
Zi=KIU\$pV<JI!n
DECKING
FLOORING
W43%5*#
G+%36#
DECKING
GARDEN
VENEER
FURNITURE
DECKING
INTERIOR
RAILWAY
F1*.$;3+1#*).37$
FURNITURE
SLEEPERS
J+86;$J425#3$9>R>;$>l>$E$#()+3-;$5+%3@6;$5#%26;$6H4%3#6$%.@$+-"#3$
GARDEN
FURNITURE
WV=<NIJI!n
!Do!V=D
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
;@A$A<?!B;B<C$@>DDEB<?@
>+4-"$<2#3,1%
WDU>I!n$K8b2a
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
WINDOW
FRAMES
"--)cbb-3+),(?1,3%@?/3b%2#3,1%b>VGVTI=<qT=D!<?)@/
37
K;!GND#1,
555O-')&O0.&/.O+1-J.%+,)P-')&J6+&).6)*J
FLOORING
ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
AGUANO MASHA (Machaerium inundatum)
;<=!>?<@
! WI>!=INV!IiU
SD<=!ZiiW$GiJiV=
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
WINDOW
FRAMES
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
DECKING
;@A$A<?!B;B<C$@>DDEB<?@
VENEER
>+4-"$<2#3,1%
FLOORING
V+&$W,2%+3/)$;+1#*)7$
J+86$]$6%0.$0++@$
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WDU>I!n$K8b2a
W#.6#
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U+-$/+4.@$,.$*,-#3%-43#
A+&*+16(+$;+1#*).3$=2.Y+&(6+7$
>%0.$0++@;$K,*.$@3,#@E$R;$a;$lZE$f$4)JE$Y$-+$LY$/##-$$
A<?!B;BA=!<$AFC<
7ijD7DU!$IU$>D=jIGD
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IU$9JN>?$iF$Fi=GD:
RRMM$0"#.$@3'
V+&$W,2%+3/)$;+1#*)7$
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A+&*+16(+$;+1#*).3$=2.Y+&(6+7$
GVEF7bGiGEmLaaea
WV=<NIJI!n
W43%5*#
GARDEN
FURNITURE
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
FLOORING
!Do!V=D
W#*,1%-#
Zi=KIU\$pV<JI!n
\++@
7i=D$IUFi=7<!IiU
;@A$EBA<G@<$H
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)3+@41-,+.$+/$0++@#.$/*++3$-,*#6$/+3$#()+3-?$W3',.8$)3+1#66$,6$6-%5*#;$*+0$3,6B$
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"--)cbb8/-.?)%.@%?+38b.#063++2brRMMQYebZ++@6E/3+2ET#34E<EG%-%*+8E+/E
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38
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ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
AKOUAPO (SACOGLOTTIS GABONENSIS)
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SD<=!ZiiW$GiJiV=
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
VENEER
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
GARDEN
FURNITURE
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FLOORING
T43)*#E3#@$+3$2#@,42$53+0.
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39
ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
AMARELINNO (APULEIA LEIOCARPA/ MOLLARIS)
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VENEER
ENGINEERING & WINDOW
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GARDEN
FURNITURE
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40
ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
ANGELIM RAJADO (MARMAROXYLON RACEMOSUM)
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GARDEN
FURNITURE
VENEER
DECKING
WINDOW
FRAMES
INTERIOR
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GARDEN
FURNITURE
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>+4-"$<2#3,1%
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41
K;!GNU1.Y(3
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ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
BAYABOCHI (CALYCOPHYLLUM SPRUCEANUM)
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FRAMES
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SLEEPERS
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FURNITURE
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RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
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ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
VENEER
BISHOPWOOD (BISCHOFIA JAVANICA)
GARDEN
FURNITURE
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ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
CHIMICUA (PSEUDOLMEDIA LAEVIS)
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FURNITURE
VENEER
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FURNITURE
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FURNITURE
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FLOORING
ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
WINDOW
FRAMES
KULIM (SCORODOCARPUS BORNEENSIS)
DECKING
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FURNITURE
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ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
VENEER
LIMBALI (GILBERTIODENDRON DEWEVREI)
GARDEN
FURNITURE
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46
ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
PEQUIARANA (CARYOCAR GLABRUM)
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! WI>!=INV!IiU
SD<=!ZiiW$GiJiV=
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
VENEER
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
GARDEN
FURNITURE
VENEER
F1*.$;3+1#*).37$
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FLOORING
J+86;$J425#3$9>R>;$>l>$E$#()+3-;$5+%3@6;$5#%26;$6H4%3#6$%.@$+-"#3$
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47
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ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
QUILLOBORDON (ASPIDOSPERMA VARGASII)
;<=!>?<@
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INTERIOR
FURNITURE
VENEER
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
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FURNITURE
VENEER
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48
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ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
SOTO (SCHINOPSIS BRASILIENSIS)
;<=!>?<@
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INTERIOR
FURNITURE
VENEER
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
GARDEN
FURNITURE
VENEER
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49
K;!GNU+3(9(.
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ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
TAMARINDO (DIALIUM GUIANENSE)
;<=!>?<@
! WI>!=INV!IiU
SD<=!ZiiW$GiJiV=
WDU>I!n$K8b2a
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FURNITURE
VENEER
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FRAMES
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
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K1##&$K+3/$;+1#*)1R7$
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50
K;!GND#1,
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ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
TRAM MOC/JAMBUL (SYZYGIUM CUMINII)
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SD<=!ZiiW$GiJiV=
>IJIG<$GiU!DU!
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FRAMES
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FURNITURE
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51
K;!GNV(#)&.2S$K;!GNE.+*
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ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
WALLABA (EPERUA FALCATA)
;<=!>?<@
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FURNITURE
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FRAMES
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
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FURNITURE
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52
ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
ZAPATERO (HYERONIMA ALCHORNEOIDES)
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! WI>!=INV!IiU
SD<=!ZiiW$GiJiV=
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FURNITURE
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SLEEPERS
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53
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ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
ASIAN WALNUT (TERMINALIA TORMENTOSA)
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GARDEN
FURNITURE
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INTERIOR
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54
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ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
AYAN (DISTEMONANTHUS BENTHAMIANU)
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! WI>!=INV!IiU
GARDEN
FURNITURE
VENEER
DECKING
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
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FLOORING
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SLEEPERS
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55
ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
BANG-LANG (LAGERSTROEMIA TORMENTOSA)
;<=!>?<@
! WI>!=INV!IiU
GARDEN
FURNITURE
VENEER
DECKING
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
INTERIOR
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VENEER
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FURNITURE
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SLEEPERS
ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
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57
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GARDEN
FURNITURE
ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
BONGO (FAGARA HEITZII)
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
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58
ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
CANA-FISTULA (CASSIA JAVANICA)
;<=!>?<@
! WI>!=INV!IiU
GARDEN
FURNITURE
VENEER
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
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59
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GARDEN
FURNITURE
ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
CHENCHEN (ANTIARIS AFRICANA)
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
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! WI>!=INV!IiU
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SLEEPERS
VENEER
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60
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ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
DUABANGA (DUABANGA SONNERATOIDES; DUABANGA GRANDIFLORA;
DUABANGA MOLLUCAN)
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61
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GEGATAL (SCHIMA NORONHAE/ CRENATA)
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ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
VENEER
HOANG-LINH (PELTOPHORUM DASYRACHIS)
GARDEN
FURNITURE
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ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
KOFRAMIRE (PTELEOPSIS HYLODENDRON)
GARDEN
FURNITURE
VENEER
ENGINEERING &
CONSTRUCTION DECKING
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SLEEPERS
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64
ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
KO’ NIA/BUSH MANGO (IRVINGIA MALAYANA)
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FURNITURE
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ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
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FURNITURE
ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
THONG NANG (PODOCARPUS IMBRICATUS)
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ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
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(SIMAROUBA AMARA)
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71
GARDEN
FURNITURE
ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
ARAPARI
(MACROLOBIUM ACACIAEFOLIUM)
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
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GARDEN
FURNITURE
ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
BAMBULO
(PTEROCARPUS OFFICINALIS)
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
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ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
HURA
(HURA CREPITANS)
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FURNITURE
VENEER
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
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74
RAILWAY
SLEEPERS
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FURNITURE
ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
HIGUERILLA NEGRA
(MICRANDA SPRUCEANA)
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
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ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
JACARANDA
(JACARANDA COPAIA)
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76
FLOORING
GARDEN
FURNITURE
ALTERNATIVE SPECIES
LUPUNA
(CEIBA SAMAUMA)
INTERIOR
FURNITURE
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89

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