dads sms dissemination performance
Transcription
dads sms dissemination performance
THE DECISION AND DISSEMINATION SUPPORTS SYSTEMS (DADS) FOR THE MALAYSIAN NATIONAL TSUNAMI EARLY WARNING SYSTEM Afiq Zhofri bin Abdul Razak, Nasrul Hakim bin Hashim, Mimi Adilla binti Sarmani, Mohd Ridzuan bin Adam, Zaty Aktar binti Mokhtar, Mohd Rosaidi bin Che Abas ABSTRACT An innovative web based solution of Decision and Dissemination Supports Systems (DADS) is presented here as part of the Malaysian National Tsunami Early Warning System. Generally the system presented here is a combination of decision support tools and dissemination tools delivered through sophisticated but yet user friendly Graphical User Interface (GUI). The main purpose of this system is to assist the decision makers in making quick and precise assessment regarding tsunamigenic earthquake and disseminate relevant bulletin to responsible authorities for further action. The overall design of this system is aimed to cater the requirement of Malaysian National Tsunami Early Warning Centre (MNTEWC) and towards the implementation of service level one and service level two of Regional Tsunami Service Provider (RTSP). As this systems provided with risk and vulnerability assessment through complex decision processing in a highly dense environment, this systems proves to be highly efficient through an innovative solution that makes this systems stand out from traditional approach that is not just time consuming but yet prone to human errors. This system denotes a significant improvement in terms of scale of operability as most of this systems capability is aimed at improving the standard of operating by reducing unnecessary human interaction in order to generate and disseminates bulletin. Therefore the system presented here is a combination of decision support system and dissemination system in order to accomplish a dedicated solution for end-to-end tsunami early warning systems. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1. Overview 2 1.2. How Decision Support Fit into End-to-End Tsunami 3 Warning System 1.3. Purpose of Study 2. 3. COMPONENT DESCRIPTION 4 5 2.1. Integrated Database Management Systems (IDMS) 5 2.2. Seismological Communication Processor (Seiscomp3) 6 2.3. Antelope 4.10 7 2.4. Data Flow During Event 8 SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURE 3.1. Architectural View 10 3.2. Decision Processing 11 3.3. Dissemination Processing 12 3.4. System Daemon 13 3.5. Bulletin Variable 15 3.6. Bulletin Threshold Criteria 20 3.7. Malaysian National Tsunami Early Warning System 21 3.7.1. Condition 21 3.7.2. Bulletin Types 23 3.7.3. Assessment Type 23 3.7.4. Product Description Based on Condition 24 3.7.5. Dissemination Group 27 3.7.6. SMS template 27 3.7.7. E-mail template 28 3.7.8. Crawlers Template (English Language) 30 3.7.9. Crawlers template (Malaysian Language) 32 3.7.10.Press Statement (English Language) 34 3.7.11.Press Statement (Malaysian Language) 36 3.8. Regional Tsunami Service Provider (RTSP) 38 3.8.1. Condition 38 3.8.2. Bulletin Types 39 3.8.3. Assessment Types 39 3.8.4. Product Description Based On Condition 40 3.8.5. Dissemination Group 42 3.8.6. E-mail Template 42 3.9. Category of Warning For Pre-Computed 47 Tsunami Scenarios 3.10. Automatic Search for Pre-Computed Tsunami 48 Scenarios 3.11. Sea Level Measurement 4. 50 GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE 4.1. Web User Interface (UI) 52 4.1.1. Login Screen Perspective 52 4.1.2. Situation Awareness Perspective 53 4.1.3. Issued Bulletin Perspective 57 4.1.4. View Bulletin Perspective 63 4.1.5. Manage Earthquake Data Perspective 65 4.1.6. Manual Search Tsunami Scenarios 66 4.1.7. SMS Communication Test Perspective 67 4.1.8. SMS Queue Perspective 68 4.1.9. E-mail Queue Perspective 69 4.1.10.All Dissemination Performance Perspective 70 4.1.11.Earthquake Parameter Data Entry Perspective 71 4.1.12.User Manager Perspective 72 4.1.13.Group Manager Perspective 73 4.1.14.Personal Manager Perspective 74 4.1.15.User Log Perspective 75 4.1.16.System Daemon Perspective 76 4.1.17.Manage Condition Perspective 77 4.1.18.Configuration of Bulletin Type Perspective 78 4.1.19.Configuration of Assessment Type Perspective 79 4.1.20.Configuration of Telecommunication List 80 Perspective 4.1.21.Configuration of Telecommunication Status 81 Code Perspective 4.1.22.Distribution List Group Perspective 82 4.1.23.Distribution SMS Phone Book Perspective 83 4.1.24.Distribution Email Address Book Perspective 84 4.2. Performance of the System 5. CONCLUSIONS 85 87 FUTURE PLAN 88 ACKNOLEDGEMENT 88 REFERENCES 89 1. INTRODUCTION The occurrence and the after effects of the vast tsunami that strike on 26 December 2004 in the Indian Ocean has set the scene for a large scale effort by Malaysian Government to set up a Tsunami Early Warning Systems in Malaysian Meteorological Department (MMD). This centre deals with the detection of tsunamigenic earthquake and effectively disseminates relevant bulletin within certain time period to the responsible authorities using a network of seismic sensor and sea level observation. An innovative web based approach of Decision and Dissemination Supports Systems (DADS) is presented here as part of the Malaysian National Tsunami Early Warning System. Generally the system presented here is a combination of decision support tools and dissemination tools delivered through sophisticated but yet user friendly Graphical User Interface (GUI). The main purpose of this system is to assist the decision makers in making quick and precise assessment regarding tsunamigenic earthquake and disseminate relevant bulletin to responsible authorities for further action. This system aimed at improving the standard of operation by reducing unnecessary human interaction to generate and disseminates bulletin. Generally the overall design of this system is based on seismic analyst processing software, tide gauges systems and the utilization of pre computed tsunami model scenarios. All this network of sensor and data are integrated to DADS comprising a set of rules, database and front-end GUI to enables the decision maker to make a quick and precise assessment of the situation at hand and disseminate relevant bulletin. This system are design to cater the requirement of Malaysian National Tsunami Early Warning Centre (MNTEWC) and towards the implementation of service level one and service level two of Regional Tsunami Service Provider (RTSP) respectively. Based on the requirement for RTSP platform DADS will provided solution in terms of tsunamigenic potential base on the automate search algorithm from existing pre-computed tsunami scenarios. This will be a critical solution in supporting the decision for disseminating RTSP bulletin prior to the tsunamigenic earthquake. 1 1.1. Overview The primary goal of this system is to generate relevant decision proposal and disseminates critical information to the responsible authorities and the public respectively in the shortest time as possible based on the availability of data at that particular time. Generally this system is comprised of two main component which is decision component and dissemination component. The combination of this component will enhance the operation capability of the MNTEWC in making quick and precise decision regarding current situation at hand and disseminates proper bulletins either to local authorities or international communities through RTSP platform This system is developed using a web based approach methodology by utilizing the usage of several programming language such as Pre-Hypertext Processor (PHP) and JQuery. As for the storage mechanism MySQL has been chosen as the prefer database solution while Apache has been chosen as the web server platform. By adopting this approach this system able to maximize network centric communication from existing infrastructure of Integrated Database Management System (IDMS) which store vast information of precomputed tsunami scenarios, geo-location of major cities and sea level observation data either from local sea level observation or from the sea level observation data obtain from the Global Telecommunications Services (GTS). The decision component digest earthquake parameter data supply by seismic analyst processing software either the Sesicomp3 or Antelope based on the current working Standard Operating Procedure (SOP). This component compute relevant numerical tsunami simulation model based on the predefine algorithm and determine location that have tsunamigenic possibilities. Based on the location of predetermine probabilities the system calculates the nearest sea level gauges location near the epicentre and display these information in order. Tidal analysis is measure relative to normal sea level and these have to be done manually as sea level data become available using issued bulletin perspective. These systems will prepare relevant bulletins based on the amount of information available at that particular time prior to the SOP. The automatic 2 generation of predefine bulletin template will shorten the response time needed to issued bulletin (T. Steinmetz et. al, 2010). The dissemination component functions as a solution to disseminate bulletin in a timely manner. This component utilize two (2) methods for dissemination which is by using current infrastructure of short messages services (SMS) gateway and e-mail gateway. All the bulletins will be send based on the predefine set of condition which contain bulletins templates and the sender information group. 1.2. How Decision Support Fit into End-to-End Tsunami Warning Centre The objective of developing DADS is to combine the power of decision support system and dissemination system under one integrated system. A decision support is a tool that is aimed to functions fast but yet reliable in order to digest incoming data for information fusion. This information fusion allows a tsunami warning centre to assess any potential threat to the region within its area of responsibilities. The importance criteria while developing a reliable decision support system for tsunami warning centre is the ability to integrate in existing infrastructure of sea level observation database and pre-computed tsunami scenarios database. These criteria enable the ability for rapid detection and characterization of tsunamigenic earthquakes thus provide first indication of the predicted tsunami potential for an end-to-end tsunami warning centre. The results of predicted tsunami scenarios can be confirm by analyzing current sea level data based on the location specified by tsunami scenarios. The combination of tsunami model scenarios, sea level observation data and earthquake parameter will increase the credibility of the warnings by decreasing false alarm (Tsunami Warning Centre Reference Guide, 2007). 3 1.3. Purpose of Study The main purpose of this study is to develop a suitable solution of DADS by utilizing a web based approach. This system will assist the MNTEWC in making quick and precise decision regarding the situation at hand based on the current working SOP and disseminate proper bulletins either to the local authorities, Malaysian public or the international communities through RTSP platform. 4 2. COMPONENT DESCRIPTION DADS uses a combination of sensor and external databases in a flexible and extensible method across Local Area Network (LAN) creating an observation and simulation framework which provide critical input that will be digest by the systems for information fusion in order to make situation assessment based on the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP). These databases enable the systems to generate decision proposal and relevant bulletin that needed to be issued. 2.1. Integrated Database Management Systems (IDMS) Integrated Database Management Systems (IDMS) is the core database foundation for Geophysics and Tsunami Division. This system stores several types of data such as: a. Archive Earthquakes Data b. Tsunami Numerical Simulation Model c. Geo Location of major cities d. Sea Level Observation Data All of this data serve as a fundamental for the operation of DADS as IDMS will provide access to its database across LAN thus permits the usability and extension of the functionality inside DADS without having redundant database for similar data. For the time being a total of 32,529 worth of tsunami numerical data have been stored in IDMS. All of this data have been pre computed using a software called TunamiF1. Base on these data a search protocol has been formulated based on three (3) methods available which are simple method, interpolation method and extrapolation method (Chai et.al, 2009). This search method takes basic earthquake parameter input such as origin time, latitude, longitude, depth and magnitude. With the availability of these data, we can determine the arrival time and the amplitude of the forecast tsunami height. 5 Currently IDMS store all local sea level observation data obtained from sea level observation site. This system collects and stores the data every minute. For future improvement IDMS will digest overseas sea level observation data originated from Global Telecommunication Services (GTS) and store inside IDMS database. This factor will improve the ability for DADS to utilized sea level observation data that include a network of international tide gauges and Deep Ocean Assessment and Reporting (DART) buoy. 2.2. Seismological Communication Processor (Seiscomp3) Seismological Communication Processor 3 or Seiscomp3 is a seismic processing system developed by the GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ) from Potsdam, Germany. It computes earthquake parameter information and displays this information using graphical user interface called SCESV (Figure 1). Generally this system generates earthquake parameter data using Extensible Markup Language (XML) format and transfers via Files Transfer Protocol (FTP) to target destination in DADS server. The data transfer function for Seiscomp3 is not being done automatically; it depends on seismic analyst operator to select which earthquake events to be send to DADS server. This is intentionally done to compensate the usage of Antelope Software. The selection of this systems as one of the primary data supply to DADS is due to the availability of magnitude computation that have a higher saturation point, which is critical as part of the commitment for RTSP. 6 Figure 1. Seiscomp3 SCESV main earthquake data panel 2.3. Antelope 4.10 Antelope 4.10 is a series of seismic processor software developed by Boulder Real Time Technology (BRTT). Base on this research, this system will function as secondary systems in providing earthquake parameter data due to the absent of higher saturation point of earthquake magnitude. For the time being no system integration has been done between Antelope 4.10 Software and DADS. The data input for this system need to be done manually using earthquake parameter data entry perspective as shown in Figure 2. 7 Figure 2. Earthquake parameter data entry perspective 2.4. Data Flow During Event While DADS in most cases is triggered by using the FTP injection from seismic analyst processing software namely Seiscomp3, it can however to receive data input from other seismic processing systems namely Antelope 4.10, Early Bird or any other third party data provider. When an earthquake occur, DADS will process the data based on the predefined standard operating procedure (SOP) and search the pre-computed simulation scenarios based on the data available at that particular time. This process occurs simultaneously as the data is being processed. If there is no suitable pre-computed scenarios can be found, other workflow are trigger which check for location of an earthquake whether it is inside or outside the area of responsibility, the location of an earthquake is on the sea or the land, the location is within 200 km from Malaysian coastline or whether the current earthquake depth is shallow and last but not least it depend on the apply rules of Malaysian SOP to denote the potential of any particular earthquake that have the ability to generates tsunami. For earthquake with 8 magnitude lower than 6.5 in the area of reporting, it is assumes that no destructive tsunami will be generated. Every incoming data will be dynamically update the main situation display with results from pre-computed tsunami scenario, and if there is a possibility of tsunami a counter will start to count down based on the location that have the highest impact marked with tsunami warning and followed by the less impact marked with tsunami advisory. This generates awareness about the current situation in hand and the operators will takes necessary action in disseminating bulletins to predetermined group. The main interface will dynamically updated as new data start coming in, this include sea level observation data that continue to updates every minutes. The operators for Malaysian Tsunami Early Warning Centre will disseminate the proper bulletin generated by the system using issued bulletin perspective to relevant authorities that has been predefined based on group condition. To include pre-computed tsunami scenarios and sea level data observation into the bulletin the operators however need to select this manually. The operators will select which pre-computed tsunami scenarios location to be includes in the bulletins as well as observes sea level results. The interface of issued bulletin have two types of bulletin available, the first bulletin will cater the requirement of Malaysia National SOP and the second bulletin denote as the prerequisites of the Regional Tsunami Services Provider (RTSP). These separations allow the operation for both requirements to be fulfilled. Presently only two method of dissemination have been configures for this system which is short message services (SMS) and e-mail. For sending SMS the systems have 4 preconfigured SMS backend process running in parallel. This backend process monitors and sends outgoing SMS every seconds using Maxis Gateway. 9 3. SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURE 3.1. Architectural View The architecture of DADS itself is a combination of server component comprised of database, external sensors or data source, external output such as the SMS gateway, e-mail gateway and Google map for map production and Integrated Database Management System (IDMS) containing geo database of major cities, tsunami numerical simulation model and sea level observation data. These components communicate among each other using Local Area Network (LAN) through Malaysian Meteorological Department network communication. All of this information will be displayed using DADS graphical user interface that utilize a web base approach. This method only requires a set up of web browser for end user to utilize the full function of the system. The main reason to use web base approach is to increase the usability of existing database framework and the number of computer that can access the systems simultaneously without having to install specific software. The architectural view of DADS is shown in Figure 3. This system has been developed using PHP and JQuery for the front-end systems and PHP and bash script for back-end processing daemon. MySQL has been chosen as the prefer storage mechanism for this system. This allow the interconection between existing database framework, in this case the IDMS database. To publish this system across domain we have chosen Apache as the main webserver. All of this software mention above are open source software platform in nature and were available for free using open source or Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) licence. Apart from the main sotware this system relies heavily on using proven yet reliable application proggraming interface (API) that has shorten the developement time. Among this API are data table,highland chart,jquery countdown timer and google map for delivering location output.This API were also available for free under open source licence. 10 Figure 3. Architectural view of the Decision and Dissemination Supports Systems (DADS) 3.2. Decision Processing As part of the Malaysian Tsunami Early Warning Centre, DADS provides processing, assessment, sea level analyst and pre-computed tsunami scenarios as part of decision processing module. This module process seismic data based on the bulletin threshold criteria and generates a reliable decision proposal. The decision proposal for this system has been divided into two types of condition which serves different purpose. The first condition is the Malaysian National Tsunami Early Warning Condition that is based on the current local SOP. This condition complements the requirement for Malaysia within area of responsibility of 30˚ N 150˚ E, 15˚ S 150˚ W. Second condition is the RTSP Condition which cover Indian Ocean requirement. 11 This module is design to process data injection either in the form of XML or from manual data entry using a build in interface. Information aggregation in this context generates relevant decision proposal that consist of bulletin type, assessment types, bulletin templates, dissemination group and type of condition that match current SOP. 3.3. Dissemination Processing Dissemination processing is a module that manages outgoing dissemination of SMS and e-mail using existing infrastructure of SMS gateway and e-mail gateway. This module however manages the process through a back-end process developed using PHP System Daemon that operates every seconds checking incoming new bulletin from DADS web interface. DADS dissemination processing relies heavily on back-end process either to monitor outgoing SMS and e-mail transmission or disseminate events bulletin. This process allows the resending of any particular bulletin that is either failed or pending to be executes automatically without human interaction. For the time being the dissemination processing was not configured to send fax as there are no hardware modems being configure to this system. In order to disseminate press statement and crawlers users however will still need to download this bulletin and disseminate using fax machine manually. This issued will be address later in the future as the upcoming upgrades. 12 3.4. System Daemon System Daemon is a PHP class that allows developer to create their own daemon application on Linux systems. This class is focussed entirely on creating and spawning standalone daemons. A daemon is a Linux program that runs in the background, just like a ‘Service’ on Windows. It can perform a variety of tasks that do not require direct user input. The main advantage using daemon is just that its remove the heavy lifting from front-end web interface to the back-end interface, so a typical complex system can be very well optimized. When a daemon program is started, it fires up a second’s child process, detaches it and the parent process dies. This is called forking, and due to the nature that the parents process dies it will give the console back to the user and it will look like nothing has happened. But the child process is still running in memory until it either stops, crashes or is killed. This is where it is importance to create a situational awareness display in front-end interface to monitor the daemon processing and if the daemon either stops, crashes or is killed enduser can easily trying to restart the process. DADS rely heavily on the usages of System Daemon to monitor and executes heavy task that does not require user interaction as shown in table 1. 13 Table 1. DADS System Daemon Daemon Name Description Monitor Seiscomp3 XML This daemon monitors and digests incoming Injection XML injection from Seiscomp3. Monitor Local Email This daemon monitors and sends any incoming Queue email queue with Malaysian bulletin templates. Monitor RTSP Email This daemon monitors and sends any incoming Queue email queue with RTSP bulletin templates. This daemon monitors and send any SMS Monitor All SMS Queue queue tag with telecommunication service provider ALL. Monitor CELCOM SMS Queue Monitor MAXIS SMS Queue This daemon monitors and sends any SMS queue tag with telecommunication service provider CELCOM. This daemon monitors and sends any SMS queue tag with telecommunication service provider MAXIS. This daemon monitors and sends any SMS Monitor DIGI SMS Queue queue tag with telecommunication service provider DIGI. 14 3.5. Bulletin Variable To construct a bulletin in a dynamic condition, DADS utilized the usage of global variable content. The definition of this variable is shown in table 2 Table 2. Data Variable for bulletin template Description USER NAME LOCAL ISSUED DATETIME 24 HOUR LOCAL ISSUED DATETIME 12 HOUR UTC ISSUED DATETIME LOCAL ELAPSED TIME UTC ELAPSED TIME EMAIL FILE REFERENCE PRESS FILE REFERENCE CRAWLERS FILE REFERENCE FAX FILE REFERENCE EMAIL ISO REFERENCE PRESS STATEMENT ISO REFERENCE CRAWLERS ISO REFERENCE FAX ISO REFERENCE LOCAL EQ ORIGIN TIME Example Name Example Name Example Name Example Name Example Name Example Name Example Name Example Name Variable $_VAR_USER_UPDATES Afiq Zhofri bin Abdul Razak $_VAR_ISSUED_24LOCALDATETIMECO MPLETE 12:11:41 11 October 2011 $_VAR_ISSUED_12HRLOCALDATETIMEC OMPLETE 11:57 am 11 October 2011 $_VAR_ISSUED_UTCDATETIMECOMPLE TE 04:12:13 UTC 11 October 2011 $_VAR_LOCAL_ELAPSED_TIME 2 Hours 22 Minutes $_VAR_UTC_ELAPSED_TIME 2 Hours 22 Minutes $_VAR_FILEREFRENCE_EMAIL REF:JMM.APL15/756/22/08 ( ) $_VAR_FILEREFRENCE_PRESS REF:JMM.APL15/756/22/08 ( ) $_VAR_FILEREFRENCE_CRAWLERS REF:JMM.APL15/756/22/08 ( ) $_VAR_FILEREFRENCE_FAX REF:JMM.APL15/756/22/08 ( ) $_VAR_ISOREFRENCE_EMAIL JMM-GFT-LK-03 $_VAR_ISOREFRENCE_PRESS Example JMM-GFT-LK-03 Name Example Name Example $_VAR_ISOREFRENCE_CRAWLERS JMM-GFT-LK-03 $_VAR_ISOREFRENCE_FAX JMM-GFT-LK-03 $_VAR_EQ_LOCALTIME_SPACELONG_A MPM 09:52:00 am Name Example Name Example Name Example Name Name Example 15 Table 2. Data Variable for bulletin template Description LOCAL EQ ORIGIN DATE LOCAL EQ ORIGIN TIME SHORT LOCAL EQ ORIGIN DATE SLASH UTC EQ ORIGIN TIME UTC EQ ORIGIN DATE UTC EQ ORIGIN TIME TZONE UTC EQ ORIGIN DATE SLASH LAT COORDINATES NODEGREE HALF LAT COORDINATES NODEGREE FULL LONG COORDINATES NODEGREE HALF LONG COORDINATES NO DEGREE FULL (BM) LAT COORDINATES NODEGREE HALF (BM) LONG COORDINATES NODEGREE HALF BM) LAT COORDINATES NODEGREE FULL Name Example Name Variable $_VAR_EQ_LOCALDATE_FULLTEXT 11 October 2011 $_VAR_EQ_LOCALTIME_AMPMSHORT Example 09:52am Name $_VAR_EQ_LOCALDATE_SHORTSLASH Example 11/10/11 Example Name Example Name Example Name Example Name $_VAR_EQ_UTCTIME_SPACELONG_TZO NE 01:52:00 UTC $_VAR_EQ_UTCDATE_FULLTEXT 11 October 2011 $_VAR_EQ_UTCTIME_SHORTTZONE 01:52UTC $_VAR_EQ_UTCDATE_SHORTSLASH 11/10/11 $_VAR_EQ_LATNODEGREEHALF Example 6.7S Name $_VAR_EQ_LATNODEGREEFULL Example 6.7 South Name $_VAR_EQ_LONGNODEGREEHALF Example 103.9E Name $_VAR_EQ_LONGNODEGREEFULL Example 103.9 East Name $_VAR_EQ_BMLATNODEGREEHALF Example 6.7S Name $_VAR_EQ_BMLONGNODEGREEHALF Example 103.9T Name $_VAR_EQ_BMLATNODEGREEFULL Example 6.7 Selatan Name 16 Table 2. Data Variable for bulletin template Description (BM) LONG COORDINATES NODEGREE FULL LAT DEGREE HALF LAT DEGREE FULL LONG DEGREE FULL LONG DEGREE HALF BM DEGREE LAT HALF BM DEGREE LAT FULL BM LONG DEGREE HALF BM LONG DEGREE FULL DEPTH KM DEPTH SPACE KM LOCATION COUNTRY DISTANCE REST DISTANCE MALAYSIA DISTANCE MALAYSIA (BM) DISTANCE REST (BM) DEFAULT MAGNITUDE DEFAULT MAGNITUDE TYPE MAGNITUDE STRENGTH Name Variable $_VAR_EQ_BMLONGNODEGREEFULL Example 103.9 Timur Name Example Name Example Name Example Name Example Name Example Name Example Name Example Name Example Name Example Name Example Name Example Name Example Name Example Name Example Name Example Name Name Example Name $_VAR_EQ_DEGREELATHALF 6.7° S $_VAR_EQ_DEGREELATFULL 6.7° South $_VAR_EQ_DEGREELONGFULL 103.4° East $_VAR_EQ_DEGREELONGHALF 103.7° E $_VAR_EQ_BMDEGREELATHALF 6.7° S $_VAR_EQ_BMDEGREELATFULL 6.7° Selatan $_VAR_EQ_BMDEGREELONGHALF 103.4° T $_VAR_EQ_BMDEGREELONGFULL 103.7° Timur $_VAR_EQ_DEPTH_KM 20km $_VAR_EQ_DEPTH_SPACEKM 20 km $_VAR_EQ_LOCATION Sumatera $_VAR_EQ_COUNTRY Indonesia $_VAR_EQ_DISTANCE_REST 212km SW from Bandar Lampung,Indonesia $_VAR_EQ_DISTANCE_MY 912km SE from JB,Malaysia $_VAR_EQ_BMDISTANCEMY 912km Tenggara dari JB,Malaysia $_VAR_EQ_BMDISTANCEREST 212km Barat Daya dari Bandar Lampung,Indonesia $_VAR_EQ_DEFAULT_MAG 7.8 $_VAR_EQ_DEFAULT_TYPEMAG Example Mwp Name Example $_VAR_EQ_STRENGTH_TEXT Strong Example 17 Table 2. Data Variable for bulletin template Description MAGNITUDE STRENGTH (BM) Name Example Name MAGNITUDE Mw Example Name MAGNITUDE Mwp Example Name MAGNITUDE Mw(Mwp) Example Name MAGNITUDE mB Example Name MAGNITUDE Mw(mB) Example Name MAGNITUDE mLv Example Name MAGNITUDE ms Example Name MAGNITUDE ml Example Name MAGNITUDE mb Example Name EVENT SOLUTION Example Name STATION COUNT Example Name PHASE COUNT Example Name RMS Example Name AZIMUTAL GAP Example Name SOURCE Example Name COVERAGE Example Name PHASE BULLETIN Example Name LOCAL BULETIN TYPE Example Variable $_VAR_EQ_BMSTRENGTH_TEXT Kuat $_VAR_EQ_MAG_MW N.A $_VAR_EQ_MAG_MoWP N.A $_VAR_EQ_MAG_MoW_MWP N.A $_VAR_EQ_MAG_MBROAD N.A $_VAR_EQ_MAGMWMBROAD N.A $_VAR_EQ_MAG_MLV N.A $_VAR_EQ_MAG_MS N.A $_VAR_EQ_MAG_ML N.A $_VAR_EQ_MAG_MB N.A $_VAR_EQ_EVENT_SOLUTION Automatic $_VAR_EQ_STATION_COUNT N.A $_VAR_EQ_PHASE_COUNT N.A $_VAR_EQ_RMS N.A $_VAR_EQ_AZIMUTAL_GAP N.A $_VAR_EQ_SOURCE N.A $_VAR_EQ_COVERAGE Sea $_VAR_EQ_PHASE_BULLETIN N.A $_VAR_EQ_LOCALID_BULLETINTYPE Preliminary 18 Table 2. Data Variable for bulletin template Description APPLY BULLETIN TYPE CODE LOCAL ASSESSMENT ID LOCAL SHORT ASSESSMENT LOCAL LONG ASSESSMENT LOCAL BM SHORT ASSESSMENT LOCAL BM LONG ASSESSMENT RTSP BULLETIN NAME RTSP BULLETIN TYPE RTSP BULLETIN CODE RTSP ASSESSMENT ID Example Name Variable $_VAR_EQ_LOCAL_BULLETIN_TYPE (PRE) $_VAR_EQ_LOCAL_ID_ASSESMENT NO TSUNAMI THREAT $_VAR_EQ_LOCAL_SHORTASSESSMEN T No tsunami threat. $_VAR_EQ_LOCAL_LONGASSESSMENT No tsunami threat to indian ocean $_VAR_EQ_BMLOCAL_SHORTASSESSM ENT Tiada ancaman tsunami $_VAR_EQ_BMLOCAL_LONGASSESSME NT Tiada ancaman tsunami kepada kawasan laut china selatan $_VAR_EQ_RTWP_NAMEBULLETIN TSUNAMI INFORMATION BULLETIN NUMBER 1 $_VAR_EQ_RTWPID_BULLETINTYPE TSUNAMI INFORMATION BULLETIN $_VAR_EQ_RTWP_BULLETIN_TYPE TSUNAMI INFO $_VAR_EQ_RTWP_BULLETIN_ID_ASSES MENT POTENTIAL FOR A DESCTRUCTIVE REGIONAL TSUNAMI $_VAR_EQ_RTWP_BULLETIN_ASSESSM ENT Potential for a destructive regional tsunami. $_VAR_EQ_RTWP_BULLETIN_LONGASS ESSMENT Potential for a destructive regional tsunami. $_VAR_TSUNAMISIMULATION_RESULTS Example NOT FOR SMS Name Example Name Example Name Example Name Example Name Example Name Example Name Example Name Example Name Example Name Example RTSP SHORT ASSESSMENT Name RTSP LONG ASSESSMENT Name TSUNAMI SIMULATION RESULTS SEA LEVEL RESULTS Example Name Example $_VAR_SEALEVELOBSERVATION_RESU LTS NOT FOR SMS 19 3.6. Bulletin Threshold Criteria Earthquake and tsunami bulletin are initially issued solely on the basis of seismic data, but to effectively determine earthquake tsunamigenic potential several condition need to be fulfilled in order to complement data manipulation from earthquake parameter. Bulletin threshold criteria used for both Malaysian Condition and RTSP Condition is shown below: a. Location Determine the epicentre is within the sea or land area Determine the epicentre is within 200km from Malaysian coastline Determine the epicentre is inside area of reporting (AOR) b. Depth Determine the earthquake located close enough to the earth surface to have caused a significant displacement of that surface, in this case the depth threshold is less than 100 km. c. Magnitude Determine the size of an earthquake measure in either Mw, Mw(Mwp), Mwp, mB, Mw(mB), mb, mLv, ml, or ms. d. Pre-Computed Tsunami Scenario Determine the possibility of tsunamigenic earthquake based on the pre-computed tsunami scenario search algorithm. e. Sea level Observation (SLO) Determine the change of sea level observation with interval of ± 0.5 meter. 20 3.7. Malaysian National Tsunami Early Warning The decision proposal use to determine bulletin criteria for this condition is based on condition shown in Figure 4(a) and Figure 4(b). Bulletins were issued as soon as the earthquake parameter has been analyzed. This condition has been separate between a not felt scenario and felt scenario; this is done to complement local earthquake or earthquake that causes significant tremors to Malaysia. 3.7.1. Condition The flowchart for determination of condition scenarios is shown in Figure 4(a) and Figure 4(b) whiles definition for certain criteria is shown in Table 3. Figure 4(a). This flowchart shows procedure to determine condition scenarios for Malaysia. 21 Figure 4(b). This flowchart shows procedure to determine condition scenarios for Malaysia. Table 3. Flowchart criteria definition CRITERIA DEFINITION Mag Magnitude SLO Sea Level Observation TS Results Tsunami Simulation Results TS Criteria Tsunami Simulation Criteria Tsunami amplitude >= 0.5 && Tsunami Arrival Time <= 180 minute 22 3.7.2. Bulletin Types The category of bulletin types available for this system is shown below: a. Preliminary b. Revised c. Earthquake Info d. Tsunami Warning e. Tsunami Advisory f. Tsunami Warning Termination g. Tsunami Advisory Termination h. No Bulletin The selection of this bulletin types will be decided by decision processing module during data injection. This decision proposal however can be modifies to suit the need based on the current situation at hand. Dynamic modification of existing bulletin types however will not affected any other decision proposal determine by previous condition. 3.7.3. Assessment Type During data injection process the decision processing module will decide correct assessment types to be included in the bulletin. However this assessment can be modify to suit current situation. There are several options available as shown below: a. No tsunami threat b. No tsunami threat to Malaysia c. No tremors felt in Malaysia d. Tremors may be felt in Malaysia e. Tremors felt in Malaysia f. Potential for a destructive ocean wide tsunami g. Potential for a destructive regional tsunami h. Tsunami Warning is hereby terminated i. Tsunami Advisory is hereby terminated 23 j. Custom k. No assessment Instead of using existing assessment proposal, the operators can include custom assessment in the bulletin by selecting custom value. 3.7.4. Product Description Based on Condition Table 4 describe bulletin output based on decision proposal from decision processing module. Table 4. Condition description based on decision proposal Condition LOCAL A LOCAL B LOCAL C LOCAL D LOCAL E LOCAL F LOCAL G Bulletin Type Bulletin Code Assessment Dissemination Group Bulletin Type Bulletin Code Assessment Dissemination Group Bulletin Type Bulletin Code Assessment Dissemination Group Bulletin Type Bulletin Code Assessment Dissemination Group Bulletin Type Bulletin Code Assessment Dissemination Group Bulletin Type Bulletin Code Assessment Dissemination Group Bulletin Type Bulletin Code Assessment Dissemination Group 24 Decision Proposal Preliminary (PRE) No tremors felt in Malaysia MIX 2 Revised (REV) No tremors felt in Malaysia MIX 2 Preliminary (PRE) No Assessment MIX2, VIP Revised (REV) No tsunami threat to Malaysia MIX2, VIP Preliminary (PRE) No Assessment MIX 2 Revised (REV) No tsunami threat MIX 2 Preliminary (PRE) No Assessment MIX 2 Table 4. Condition description based on decision proposal Condition LOCAL H LOCAL I LOCAL J Bulletin Type Bulletin Code Assessment Dissemination Group Bulletin Type Bulletin Code Assessment Dissemination Group Bulletin Type Bulletin Code Assessment Dissemination Group Bulletin Type Bulletin Code LOCAL K Assessment Dissemination Group Bulletin Type Bulletin Code LOCAL L Assessment Dissemination Group Bulletin Type Bulletin Code LOCAL M LOCAL N LOCAL O LOCAL P Assessment Dissemination Group Bulletin Type Bulletin Code Assessment Dissemination Group Bulletin Type Bulletin Code Assessment Dissemination Group Bulletin Type Bulletin Code Assessment Dissemination Group 25 Decision Proposal Revised (REV) No tsunami threat MIX 2 Earthquake Info (EQ INFO) No Tsunami Threat MIX 4 Tsunami Warning (WARNING) Potential for a destructive ocean wide tsunami MIX2, VIP, MIX 5 Tsunami Advisory (ADVISORY) Potential for a destructive ocean wide tsunami MIX2, VIP, MIX 5 Tsunami Advisory (ADVISORY) Potential for a destructive ocean wide tsunami MIX2, VIP, MIX 5 Tsunami Warning (WARNING) Potential for a destructive ocean wide tsunami MIX2, VIP, MIX 5 No Bulletin N.A No Assessment N.A Preliminary (PRE) Tremors felt in Malaysia MIX2, VIP, MIX 5, FELT 200KM Revised (REV) Tremors felt in Malaysia MIX2, VIP, MIX 5, FELT 200KM Table 4. Condition description based on decision proposal Condition LOCAL LOCAL LOCAL LOCAL LOCAL LOCAL LOCAL Bulletin Type Bulletin Code Q Assessment Dissemination Group Bulletin Type Bulletin Code R Assessment Dissemination Group Bulletin Type Bulletin Code S Assessment Dissemination Group Bulletin Type Bulletin Code T Assessment Dissemination Group Bulletin Type Bulletin Code U Assessment Dissemination Group Bulletin Type Bulletin Code V Assessment Dissemination Group Bulletin Type Bulletin Code W Assessment Dissemination Group Bulletin Type Bulletin Code LOCAL X Assessment Dissemination Group Bulletin Type Bulletin Code LOCAL Y Assessment Dissemination Group 26 Decision Proposal Preliminary (PRE) Tremors felt in Malaysia MIX2, VIP, MIX 5 Revised (REV) Tremors felt in Malaysia MIX2, VIP,MIX 5 Preliminary (PRE) Tremors felt in Malaysia MIX2, VIP, MIX 5 Revised (REV) Tremors felt in Malaysia MIX2, VIP, MIX 5 Preliminary (PRE) Tremors felt in Malaysia MIX2, VIP, MIX 5 Revised (REV) Tremors felt in Malaysia MIX2 Earthquake Info (EQ INFO) Tremors may be felt in Malaysia MIX2 Tsunami Warning Termination (TSUNAMI WARNING TERMINATION) Tsunami Warning is hereby terminated MIX2, VIP, MIX 5 Tsunami Advisory Termination (TSUNAMI ADVISORY TERMINATION) Tsunami Advisory is hereby terminated MIX2, VIP, MIX 5 3.7.5. Dissemination Group This system manages dissemination receiver based on standard grouping apply by Geophysics and Tsunami Division. Each grouping as describe in table 4 contain different level of receiver. Each receiver will be designated to specific group based on their requirement. This allows consistent dissemination to designated target group each time an event occurs. 3.7.6. SMS template SMS template before data variable conversion $_VAR_EQ_LOCAL_BULLETIN_TYPE$_VAR_EQ_STRENGTH_TEXT EQ $_VAR_EQ_LOCALTIME_AMPMSHORT $_VAR_EQ_LOCALDATE_SHORTSLASH,$_VAR_EQ_LATNODEGRE EHALF $_VAR_EQ_LONGNODEGREEHALF Mag$_VAR_EQ_DEFAULT_MAG Dep$_VAR_EQ_DEPTH_KM, $_VAR_EQ_LOCATION. $_VAR_EQ_DISTANCE_REST $_VAR_EQ_DISTANCE_MY.MMD$_VAR_EQ_LOCATION. $_VAR_EQ_DISTANCE_REST $_VAR_EQ_DISTANCE_MY$_VAR_EQ_LOCAL_SHORTASSESSMEN T.MMD SMS template after data variable conversion (REV)Moderate EQ 06:34pm 24/01/12,8.6N 126.3E Mag5.0 Dep188km,Mindanao,Philippines Islands.186km NE of Davao,Philippine 963km NE of Sandakan,Sabah.MMD 27 3.7.7. E-mail template E-mail template before data variable conversion == $_VAR_EQ_LOCALID_BULLETINTYPE == MALAYSIAN NATIONAL TSUNAMI EARLY WARNING CENTRE (MNTEWC) Malaysian Meteorological Department Jalan Sultan, 46667, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia Tel:(+6-03)79550470, Fax:(+6-03)79584824/79550482 E-mail:[email protected],Website:http://www.met.gov.my _______________________________________________________________________ ISSUED AT : $_VAR_ISSUED_12HRLOCALDATETIMECOMPLETE 1. EARTHQUAKE INFORMATION $_VAR_EQ_LOCALDATE_FULLTEXT, $_VAR_EQ_LOCALTIME_SPACELONG_AMPM Origin Time : Coordinates : $_VAR_EQ_DEGREELATFULL $_VAR_EQ_DEGREELONGFULL Magnitude : $_VAR_EQ_DEFAULT_MAG $_VAR_EQ_DEFAULT_TYPEMAG Depth : $_VAR_EQ_DEPTH_SPACEKM Land/Ocean : $_VAR_EQ_COVERAGE Location : $_VAR_EQ_LOCATION Distance : $_VAR_EQ_DISTANCE_REST $_VAR_EQ_DISTANCE_MY Elapsed Time : This Earthquake Occurred $_VAR_LOCAL_ELAPSED_TIME ago 2. EVALUATION $_VAR_EQ_LOCAL_LONGASSESSMENT 3. ADVICE This bulletin is issued as advice to government agencies. Only national and local government agencies have the authority to make decisions regarding the official state of alert in their area and any actions to be taken in response. 4. ADDITIONAL EARTHQUAKE PARAMETERS Event Solution : $_VAR_EQ_EVENT_SOLUTION No of station : $_VAR_EQ_STATION_COUNT Phase Count : $_VAR_EQ_PHASE_COUNT RMS Residual : $_VAR_EQ_RMS seconds Azimuthal Gap : $_VAR_EQ_AZIMUTAL_GAP degree ______________________________________________________ This report supersedes any earlier report about this event. This is a computer-generated message and has not yet been reviewed by a seismologist. This will be the final bulletin unless additional information becomes available. 28 E-mail template after data variable conversion == REVISED == MALAYSIAN NATIONAL TSUNAMI EARLY WARNING CENTRE (MNTEWC) Malaysian Meteorological Department Jalan Sultan, 46667, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia Tel:(+6-03)79550470, Fax:(+6-03)79584824/79550482 E-mail:[email protected],Website:http://www.met.gov.my ______________________________________________________________________________ ISSUED AT : 10:48 am 19 December 2011 1. EARTHQUAKE INFORMATION Origin Time : 19 December 2011, 09:23:28 am Coordinates : 1.2° South 119.6° East Magnitude : 5.6 mb Depth : 30 km Land/Ocean : Land Location : Sulawesi Distance : 311km NE of Balikpapan,Indonesia 585km SE of Sarikei,Malaysia Elapsed Time : This Earthquake Occurred 1 Hour 25 Minutes 31 Seconds ago 2. EVALUATION No Tsunami Threat. 3. ADVICE This bulletin is issued as advice to government agencies. Only national and local government agencies have the authority to make decisions regarding the official state of alert in their area and any actions to be taken in response. 4. ADDITIONAL EARTHQUAKE PARAMETERS Event Solution : manual No of station : N.A Phase Count : N.A RMS Residual : N.A seconds Azimuthal Gap : N.A degree ______________________________________________________________________________ This report supersedes any earlier report about this event. This is a computer-generated message and has not yet been reviewed by a seismologist. This will be the final bulletin unless additional information becomes available. 29 3.7.8. Crawlers Template (English Language) Crawlers template before data variable conversion $_VAR_ISOREFRENCE_CRAWLERS Ref:$_VAR_FILEREFRENCE_CRAWLERS Jld.2 ( ) CRAWLERS (Issued at: $_VAR_ISSUED_12HRLOCALDATETIMECOMPLETE) $_VAR_EQ_STRENGTH_TEXT Earthquake at $_VAR_EQ_LOCATION On $_VAR_EQ_LOCALDATE_FULLTEXT, $_VAR_EQ_LOCALTIME_AMPMSHORT A $_VAR_EQ_STRENGTH_TEXT earthquake has occurred with magnitude $_VAR_EQ_DEFAULT_MAG on Richter scale in $_VAR_EQ_LOCATION at $_VAR_EQ_LOCALTIME_AMPMSHORT, $_VAR_EQ_LOCALDATE_FULLTEXT. $_VAR_EQ_LOCAL_LONGASSESSMENT Duty Officer:$_VAR_USER_UPDATES Geophysics and Tsunami Division Malaysian Meteorological Department Telephone:03-79678066 30 Crawlers template after data variable conversion JMM-GFT-LK-03 Ref:JMM.APL15/756/22/08 Jld.2 ( ) CRAWLERS (Issued at: 06:26 pm 15 December 2011) Strong Earthquake at South of Kermadec Islands On 15 December 2011, 06:10pm A Strong earthquake has occurred with magnitude 6.2 on Richter Scale in South of Kermadec Islands at 06:10pm, 15 December 2011. NO Tsunami threat. Duty Officer:XXXXX Geophysics and Tsunami Division Malaysian Meteorological Department Telephone:03-79678066 31 3.7.9. Crawlers template (Malaysian Language) Crawlers template before data variable conversion $_VAR_ISOREFRENCE_CRAWLERS Ruj:$_VAR_FILEREFRENCE_CRAWLERS Jld.2 ( ) CRAWLERS (Dikeluarkan Pada: $_VAR_ISSUED_12HRLOCALDATETIMECOMPLETE) Gempa Bumi $_VAR_EQ_BMSTRENGTH_TEXT di $_VAR_EQ_LOCATION Pada $_VAR_EQ_LOCALDATE_FULLTEXT, $_VAR_EQ_LOCALTIME_AMPMSHORT Satu gempa bumi $_VAR_EQ_BMSTRENGTH_TEXT bermagnitud $_VAR_EQ_DEFAULT_MAG pada Skala Richter telah berlaku di $_VAR_EQ_LOCATION pada $_VAR_EQ_LOCALTIME_AMPMSHORT, $_VAR_EQ_LOCALDATE_FULLTEXT. $_VAR_EQ_BMLOCAL_LONGASSESSMENT Pegawai Bertugas:$_VAR_USER_UPDATES Bahagian Geofizik dan Tsunami Jabatan Meteorologi Malaysia Telephone:03-79678066 32 Crawlers template after data variable conversion JMM-GFT-LK-03 Ruj:JMM.APL15/756/22/08 Jld.2 ( ) CRAWLERS (Dikeluarkan Pada: 06:26 pm 15 December 2011) Gempa Bumi Kuat di South of Kermadec Islands Pada 15 December 2011, 06:10pm Satu gempa bumi Kuat bermagnitud 6.2 pada Skala Richter telah berlaku di South of Kermadec Islands pada 06:10pm, 15 December 2011. TIADA ancaman Tsunami. Pegawai Bertugas:XXXXX Bahagian Geofizik dan Tsunami Jabatan Meteorologi Malaysia Telephone:03-79678066 33 3.7.10. Press Statement (English Language) Press Statement before data variable conversion $_VAR_ISOREFRENCE_PRESS Ref:$_VAR_FILEREFRENCE_PRESS Jld.2 ( ) PRESS STATEMENT (Issued at: $_VAR_ISSUED_12HRLOCALDATETIMECOMPLETE) $_VAR_EQ_STRENGTH_TEXT Earthquake at $_VAR_EQ_LOCATION On $_VAR_EQ_LOCALDATE_FULLTEXT, $_VAR_EQ_LOCALTIME_AMPMSHORT A $_VAR_EQ_STRENGTH_TEXT earthquake has occurred with magnitude $_VAR_EQ_DEFAULT_MAG on Richter Scale near $_VAR_EQ_LOCATION at $_VAR_EQ_LOCALTIME_AMPMSHORT, $_VAR_EQ_LOCALDATE_FULLTEXT. The epicentre is located at latitude $_VAR_EQ_DEGREELATFULL and longitude $_VAR_EQ_DEGREELONGFULL, $_VAR_EQ_DISTANCE_REST, $_VAR_EQ_DISTANCE_MY. $_VAR_EQ_LOCAL_LONGASSESSMENT The Malaysian Meteorological Department will continue to monitor the situation closely. Duty Officer:$_VAR_USER_UPDATES Geophysics and Tsunami Division Malaysian Meteorological Department Telephone:03-79678066 34 Press Statement after data variable conversion JMM-GFT-LK-02 Ref:JMM.APL15/756/22/07 Jld.2 (78) PRESS STATEMENT (Issued at: 06:25 pm 15 December 2011) Strong Earthquake at South of Kermadec Islands On 15 December 2011, 06:10pm A Strong earthquake has occurred with magnitude 6.2 on Richter Scale near South of Kermadec Islands at 06:10pm, 15 December 2011. The epicentre is located at latitude 32.8° South and longitude 178.9° West, 942km NE of New Plymouth,New Zealand, 7798km SE of Tawau,Malaysia. NO Tsunami threat. The Malaysian Meteorological Department will continue to monitor the situation closely. Duty Officer:XXXXX Geophysics and Tsunami Division Malaysian Meteorological Department Telephone:03-79678066 35 3.7.11. Press Statement (Malaysian Language) Press Statement before data variable conversion $_VAR_ISOREFRENCE_PRESS Ruj:$_VAR_FILEREFRENCE_PRESS Jld.2 ( ) KENYATAAN AKHBAR (Dikeluarkan Pada: $_VAR_ISSUED_12HRLOCALDATETIMECOMPLETE) Gempa Bumi $_VAR_EQ_BMSTRENGTH_TEXT di $_VAR_EQ_LOCATION Pada $_VAR_EQ_LOCALDATE_FULLTEXT, $_VAR_EQ_LOCALTIME_AMPMSHORT Satu gempa bumi $_VAR_EQ_BMSTRENGTH_TEXT bermagnitud $_VAR_EQ_DEFAULT_MAG pada skala Richter telah berlaku di $_VAR_EQ_LOCATION pada $_VAR_EQ_LOCALTIME_AMPMSHORT, $_VAR_EQ_LOCALDATE_FULLTEXT. Pusat gempa bumi terletak di $_VAR_EQ_BMDEGREELATFULL dan $_VAR_EQ_BMDEGREELONGFULL, $_VAR_EQ_BMDISTANCEREST, $_VAR_EQ_BMDISTANCEMY. $_VAR_EQ_BMLOCAL_LONGASSESSMENT Jabatan Meteorologi Malaysia sedang memantau perkembangan ini dan akan memaklumkan maklumat yang terkini. Pegawai Bertugas:$_VAR_USER_UPDATES Bahagian Geofizik dan Tsunami Jabatan Meteorologi Malaysia Telephone:03-79678066 36 Press Statement after data variable conversion JMM-GFT-LK-02 Ruj:JMM.APL15/756/22/07 Jld.2 (77) KENYATAAN AKHBAR (Dikeluarkan Pada: 06:25 petang 15 Disember 2011) Gempa Bumi Kuat di Selatan Kepulauan Kermadec Pada 15 Disember 2011, 06:10petang Satu gempa bumi kuat bermagnitud 6.2 pada skala Richter telah berlaku di Selatan Kepulauan Kermadec pada 06:10 petang, 15 Disember 2011. Pusat gempa bumi terletak di 32.8° Selatan dan 178.9° Barat, 942km Timur Laut dari New Plymouth,New Zealand, 7798km Tenggara dari Tawau,Sabah. TIADA ancaman Tsunami. Jabatan Meteorologi Malaysia sedang memantau perkembangan ini dan akan memaklumkan maklumat yang terkini. Pegawai Bertugas:Ahmad Zaki Mohamad Saad Bahagian Geofizik dan Tsunami Jabatan Meteorologi Malaysia Telephone:03-79678066 37 3.8. Regional Tsunami Service Provider (RTSP) The decision proposal use to determine bulletin criteria for RTSP is based on the flowchart shown in Figure 5 (Tsunami Warning Centre Reference Guide, 2007). 3.8.1. Condition The condition to determine bulletin criteria for RTSP is based on several parameters such as earthquake parameter, pre-computed tsunami scenario, sea level observation and the location of the epicentre. Figure 5. Procedure to determine condition scenarios for RTSP 38 3.8.2. Bulletin Types The category of bulletin types available for this system as shown below: a. Tsunami Information Bulletin b. Earthquake Information Bulletin c. Tsunami Cancelation d. No Bulletin For each and every bulletin either Tsunami Information Bulletin or Earthquake Information Bulletin a unique number in an incrementally order will be given. The renumbering process of this bulletin will be monitor and updates automatically by decision processing module. This allows new updates for particular bulletin to be disseminates accordingly. 3.8.3. Assessment Types During data injection process the decision processing module will decide correct assessment types to be included in the bulletin. However this assessment can be modified to suit current situation. There are several options available as shown below: a. Potential for a destructive ocean wide tsunami. b. Potential for a destructive regional tsunami c. Potential for a destructive local tsunami d. Very small potential for a destructive local tsunami e. No tsunami potential. f. No assessment. 39 3.8.4. Product Description Based On Condition Table 5 describe bulletin output based on decision proposal from decision processing module. Table 5. Condition description based on decision proposal Condition Bulletin Type Bulletin Code RTSP A Assessment Dissemination Group Bulletin Type Bulletin Code RTSP B Assessment Dissemination Group Bulletin Type Bulletin Code RTSP C Assessment Dissemination Group Bulletin Type Bulletin Code RTSP D Assessment Dissemination Group Bulletin Type Bulletin Code RTSP E Assessment Dissemination Group Bulletin Type Bulletin Code RTSP F Assessment Dissemination Group Decision Proposal Tsunami Information Bulletin (TSUNAMI INFO) Potential for a destructive ocean wide tsunami RTSP Group A Tsunami Information Bulletin (TSUNAMI INFO) Potential for a destructive ocean wide tsunami RTSP Group A Tsunami Information Bulletin (TSUNAMI INFO) Potential for a destructive ocean wide tsunami RTSP Group A Tsunami Information Bulletin (TSUNAMI INFO) Potential for a destructive regional tsunami RTSP Group A Tsunami Information Bulletin (TSUNAMI INFO) Potential for a destructive regional tsunami RTSP Group A Tsunami Information Bulletin (TSUNAMI INFO) Potential for a destructive regional tsunami RTSP Group A 40 Table 5. Condition description based on decision proposal Condition RTSP G RTSP H RTSP I RTSP J RTSP K RTSP L RTSP M RTSP N Bulletin Type Bulletin Code Assessment Dissemination Group Bulletin Type Bulletin Code Assessment Dissemination Group Bulletin Type Bulletin Code Assessment Dissemination Group Bulletin Type Bulletin Code Assessment Dissemination Group Bulletin Type Bulletin Code Assessment Dissemination Group Bulletin Type Bulletin Code Assessment Dissemination Group Bulletin Type Bulletin Code Assessment Dissemination Group Bulletin Type Bulletin Code Assessment Dissemination Group Decision Proposal Tsunami Information Bulletin (TSUNAMI INFO) Potential for a destructive local tsunami RTSP Group A Tsunami Information Bulletin (TSUNAMI INFO) Potential for a destructive local tsunami RTSP Group A Tsunami Information Bulletin (TSUNAMI INFO) Potential for a destructive local tsunami RTSP Group A Tsunami Information Bulletin (TSUNAMI INFO) Potential for a destructive local tsunami RTSP Group A Tsunami Information Bulletin (TSUNAMI INFO) Potential for a destructive local tsunami RTSP Group A Tsunami Information Bulletin (TSUNAMI INFO) Potential for a destructive local tsunami RTSP Group A Earthquake Information Bulletin (TSUNAMI INFO) No tsunami potential RTSP Group A No Bulletin N.A N.A N.A 41 3.8.5. Dissemination Group To cater the requirement for RTSP each dissemination receiver will be group as RTSP Group A. Each and every RTSP contact person will be included in this group. This allows consistent dissemination to the designated target group each time an event occurs. 3.8.6. E-mail Template RTSP e-mail template before data variable conversion is shown below: Bulletin header == $_VAR_EQ_RTWP_NAMEBULLETIN == MALAYSIAN NATIONAL TSUNAMI EARLY WARNING CENTRE (MNTEWC) Malaysian Meteorological Department Jalan Sultan, 46667, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia Tel:(+6-03)79550470, Fax:(+6-03)79584824/79550482 E-mail:[email protected],Website:http://www.met.gov.my ______________________________________________________________________________ ISSUED AT: $_VAR_ISSUED_UTCDATETIMECOMPLETE Earthquake Parameter EARTHQUAKE INFORMATION Origin Time : $_VAR_EQ_UTCDATE_FULLTEXT, $_VAR_EQ_UTCTIME_SPACELONG_TZONE Coordinates : $_VAR_EQ_LATNODEGREEFULL $_VAR_EQ_LONGNODEGREEFULL Magnitude : $_VAR_EQ_DEFAULT_MAG $_VAR_EQ_DEFAULT_TYPEMAG Depth : $_VAR_EQ_DEPTH_SPACEKM Land/Ocean : $_VAR_EQ_COVERAGE Location : $_VAR_EQ_LOCATION Distance : $_VAR_EQ_DISTANCE_REST Elapsed Time : This Earthquake Occurred $_VAR_LOCAL_ELAPSED_TIME ago 42 Evaluation EVALUATION $_VAR_EQ_RTWP_BULLETIN_LONGASSESSMENT Pre-computed tsunami scenarios results $_VAR_TSUNAMISIMULATION_RESULTS Sea Level Observation Results $_VAR_SEALEVELOBSERVATION_RESULTS Advise ADVICE This bulletin is issued as advice to government agencies. Only national and local government agencies have the authority to make decisions regarding the official state of alert in their area and any actions to be taken in response. Additional Earthquake Parameter ADDITIONAL EARTHQUAKE PARAMETERS Event Solution : $_VAR_EQ_EVENT_SOLUTION No of station : $_VAR_EQ_STATION_COUNT Phase Count : $_VAR_EQ_PHASE_COUNT RMS Residual : $_VAR_EQ_RMS seconds Azimuthal Gap : $_VAR_EQ_AZIMUTAL_GAP degree 43 Bulletin Footer UPDATES No further bulletins will be issued by RTSP MALAYSIA for this event unless additional information becomes available. Other RTSPs may issued additional information at: RTSP INDONESIA RTSP AUSTRALIA RTSP INDIA : : : http://rtsp.bmkg.go.id http://reg.bom.gov.au/tsunami/rtsp/ http://www.incois.gov.in/Incois/tsunami/COMM_login.jsp In case of conflicting information from RTSPs or the IAS (PTWC, JMA), the more conservative information should be use for safety. ______________________________________________________________________________ This report supersedes any earlier report about this event. This is a computer-generated message and has not yet been reviewed by a seismologist. This will be the final bulletin unless additional information becomes available. RTSP e-mail template after data variable conversion Bulletin header == TSUNAMI INFORMATION BULLETIN NUMBER 1 == MALAYSIAN NATIONAL TSUNAMI EARLY WARNING CENTRE (MNTEWC) Malaysian Meteorological Department Jalan Sultan, 46667, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia Tel:(+6-03)79550470, Fax:(+6-03)79584824/79550482 E-mail:[email protected],Website:http://www.met.gov.my ______________________________________________________________________________ ISSUED AT: 04:28:37 UTC 19 December 2011 44 Earthquake Parameter EARTHQUAKE INFORMATION 08 April 2011, 11:59:00 UTC Origin Time : Coordinates : 6.7 South 103.9 East Magnitude : 7.9 Mwp Depth : 50 km Land/Ocean : Sea Location : Sumatera Distance : 212km SW of Bandar Lampung,Indonesia Elapsed Time : This Earthquake Occurred 254 Days 4 Hours 29 Minutes 37 Seconds ago Evaluation EVALUATION Potential for a destructive local tsunami. Pre-computed tsunami scenarios results PRE-COMPUTED TSUNAMI MODEL AND SCENARIOS The list below show the forecast arrival time from pre-computed model and scenarios based on the availability of earthquake parameter at the time this bulletin was issued. Coastal Point Country Lat Bandar Lampung Indonesia Bengkulu Long Arrival(UTC) Amplitude(m) Status -5.58333 105.333 2011-12-09 01:26:00 1.4 Warning Indonesia -3.75 102.25 2011-12-09 01:27:00 1.1 Warning Cilacap Indonesia -7.75 109.167 2011-12-09 01:25:00 0.6 Advisory Bali Indonesia -8.75 115.083 2011-12-09 01:54:00 0.3 Advisory This centre will continue to monitor real-time sea level gauges near the epicentre region and report any tsunami wave observed. 45 Sea Level Observation Results TSUNAMI WAVE OBSERVATION Based on the real-time sea level observation it was confirmed that a TSUNAMI has been triggered. Tsunami wave activity was observed at the following sea level gauges: Arrival(UTC) Amplitude(m) Period (min) Malaysia 6.2402 99.75590 2011-04-09 00:45:00 1.57 30 Pantai Kerancut Malaysia 5.4492 100.1953 2011-04-08 13:30:00 1.27 15 Pulau Perhentian Malaysia 5.9326 102.7002 2011-04-08 19:30:00 1.5 45 Location Country Porto Malai Lat Long Advise ADVICE This bulletin is issued as advice to government agencies. Only national and local government agencies have the authority to make decisions regarding the official state of alert in their area and any actions to be taken in response. Additional Earthquake Parameter ADDITIONAL EARTHQUAKE PARAMETERS Event Solution : manual No of station : N.A Phase Count : N.A RMS Residual : N.A seconds Azimuthal Gap : N.A degree 46 Bulletin Footer UPDATES No further bulletins will be issued by RTSP MALAYSIA for this event unless additional information becomes available. Other RTSPs may issued additional information at: RTSP INDONESIA RTSP AUSTRALIA RTSP INDIA : : : http://rtsp.bmkg.go.id http://reg.bom.gov.au/tsunami/rtsp/ http://www.incois.gov.in/Incois/tsunami/COMM_login.jsp In case of conflicting information from RTSPs or the IAS (PTWC, JMA), the more conservative information should be use for safety. ______________________________________________________________________________ This report supersedes any earlier report about this event. This is a computer-generated message and has not yet been reviewed by a seismologist. This will be the final bulletin unless additional information becomes available. 3.9. Category of Warning For Pre-Computed Tsunami Scenario The category of warning for pre-computed tsunami scenario is based on several criteria as shown in Table 6. Table 6. Tsunami warning category for pre-computed tsunami scenario Tsunami Height > 0.5 meter < 0.5 meter Pre-Computed Tsunami Scenario (Travel Time and Tsunami Heights) Travel Times Bulletin Message < = 180 minutes Warning > 180 minutes Advisory 47 3.10. Automatic Search For Pre-Computed Tsunami Scenarios The algorithm used to search for pre-computed tsunami scenarios is based on several method such as simple method, interpolation method and extrapolation method (Chai et.al, 2009). This algorithm will be controlled by decision processing module, where it will search existing pre-computed tsunami scenarios database using existing earthquake parameter. The results generated by this algorithm will not be automatically stored inside the database; it depends on user interaction to select which scenario best fit current situation. In term of interface, these results will be displayed in situation display perspective (Figure 6 and Figure 7) and in issued bulletin perspective (Figure 8). Figure 6. Pre-computed tsunami scenarios arrival countdown (Tsunami Warning) Figure 7. Pre-computed tsunami scenarios arrival countdown (Tsunami Warning) 48 Figure 8. Pre-Computed Tsunami Scenarios show list of location to be includes in the bulletin As for situation display perspective the results shown represent current location that has the highest possible threat. The countdown timer will move to the next location as the counter end. The design goal for this interface is to give the operator at Malaysian Tsunami Early Warning Centre a clear overview of the current situation at hand. However if the operator want to include the results to existing bulletin, they have to use issued bulletin perspective that show all results of pre-computed tsunami scenarios. This interface permit the user to choose between results to be includes in a bulletin. 49 3.11. Sea Level Measurement In general, tsunami information bulletin are issued based on the earthquake information data in the first stage. After the issuance of the first bulletin the operator at Malaysia Tsunami Early Warning Centre (MNTEWC) will start to monitor the real-time sea level observation stations. When a tsunami waves is detected, they will be included into the observation data in the subsequent bulletin accordingly. Basically sea level always changes up and down very slowly due to the tides. Before tsunami waves measurement can be made there are factor that will affect the reading (UNESCO.IOC-NOAA, 2010). Thus it is very importance to eliminate astronomical tides level from the observed record in order to obtain tsunami signal. If the astronomical tides level from the observed record were eliminate than this following parameter are measured (also see Figure 9). Time of measurement: Time (UTC) when Malaysia Tsunami Early Warning Centre (MNTEWC) measured the tsunami amplitude shown on the bulletin. Period: The period of time in minutes from one crest to the next. Amplitude: Tsunami amplitude (meter) in this case is measured from crest to crest. 50 Time of measurement Period Amplitude Figure 9. Method of tsunami observation measurement use by MNTEWC 51 4. GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE 4.1. Web User Interface (UI) The output for this research is a real time web based system operating from a Linux Server and can be access at temporary address https://161.142.139.80. This address however will be change once the server got its permanent domain name. However as for pre-operational prerequisites this system will continues to operate at specified address. 4.1.1. Login Screen Perspective Accessing the system require every user to be register by Geophysics and Tsunami Division system administrator. Once register, the user can access the system as shown in Figure 10. Due to security matter this system can only be access within Malaysia Meteorological Department internal network connection. Figure 10. Login Screen Perspective 52 4.1.2. Situation Awareness Perspective Situation awareness perspective functions as the main interface to display earthquake parameter data as well as relevant guidance before the issuance of bulletin (Figure 12). This interface operates in real-time as it constantly updates it content as new data coming in from seismic analyst software. The situation awareness perspective has six (6) main panels which are summary panel, earthquake events panel, map panel (Figure 11), earthquake origin timer (Figure 13), pre-computed tsunami timer (Figure 14) and information panel (Figure 15). Each panel operates based on the data selected from the earthquake event panel which display seven (7) data at any particular time. The summary panel display more information about particular event and through this panel operator can acknowledge an event, open issued bulletin perspective or update an earthquake parameter. As for the map panel, Google Map has been chosen to display earthquake epicentre and the location results computed from tsunami scenario database. The main reason for this system to utilized online mapping compared to offline mapping is due to the vast amount of geographical resource available in Google Map rather than to reinvent the wheel by recreating custom map. One of the key components for tsunami early warning centre to operate effectively is to link the system to precomputed tsunami database scenario and effectively display the results (T. Steinmetz et.al, 2010). This method is being accomplished by using tsunami scenario timer which displays the predicted tsunami results with the countdown timer to indicate the time for tsunami waves to hit the forecast point. This tsunami timer will display the highest possible tsunami scenario based on the location and the display will move to the next location as the current get expired. However, operator can view all the data as shown in Figure 16 in the form of data table by clicking view button. 53 The other criterion for tsunami early warning to operate effectively is to have a clear guidance about how long an earthquake has occurred. This is where earthquake timer plays it role by displaying the counts up timer from the origin time of an earthquake to the current time define by DADS server time. Other important function to this interface is the ability to notified user about new data or updated data with the triggering of alarm. This sound function can be disable by using sound button located in summary panel. If there is an event where the interface does not get updated, user can manually update the content with a refresh button located in event panel. Figure 11. The main DADS situation awareness perspective 54 Figure 12. DADS Situation Display Perspective with earthquake epicentre display on map Figure 13.DADS Situation Display Perspective with earthquake origin timer 55 Figure 14. DADS Situation Display Perspective with precomputed tsunami results timer Figure 15. DADS Situation Display Perspective with user information display 56 Figure 16. DADS Situation Display Perspective with precomputed tsunami simulation results display 4.1.3. Issued Bulletin Perspective Issued Bulletin perspective (Figure 17) can be accessed using situational awareness perspective or manage earthquake data perspective. This interface display fusion earthquake parameter that has been injected from seismic analyst software. There are five (5) main panels in this interface which is earthquake information panel (Figure 18), dissemination status panel (Figure 19), bulletin configuration panel (Figure 20), sea level observation panel (Figure 21) and pre-computed tsunami scenarios results panel (Figure 23). 57 Figure 17. Issued Bulletin Perspective The earthquake information panel control all earthquake parameter data available for this system. The modification of existing data can be done using this panel. Each time this panel get an update a new decision proposal will be compute based on the availability of the current earthquake parameter. Any changes to the decision proposal will affect previous setup for current bulletin type and assessment type selection due to the conceptual usage of this interface where operator need to updated the earthquake information panel before further changes can be made to bulletin configuration panel. 58 Figure 18. Issued bulletin perspective with earthquake information panel Dissemination status panel show current status of bulletin that has been disseminated either using SMS or e-mail. Each and every bulletin disseminated via this system will be categorized accordingly with a dissemination elapsed time measured in minutes from the origin time of an earthquake to the time the bulletin get disseminates. This is a system indicator to determine the dissemination performance. Figure 19. Issued bulletin perspective with dissemination status panel 59 Bulletin configuration panel functions as a panel to modify existing decision proposal. This panel has been divided into two sections which is the Malaysian Bulletin section and the RTSP Bulletin section. As for the Malaysian bulletin user can change existing bulletin proposal to desire bulletin type that match current situation at hand. Same situation apply for assessment type but with extra boost where user can create custom assessment by selecting custom value and a dialog box will appear to compensate this function. There are two information displays which is the SOP panel that display current decision proposal for both section and mode panel to display the current status of the bulletin. For instance current mode of existing bulletin will change from normal to custom mode if there is any modification made to bulletin content. While the bulletin mode is in custom condition the bulletin content will not be overwritten, to change this to the normal mode the user need to change the bulletin type to normal mode. Figure 20. Issued bulletin perspective with bulletin configuration panel 60 The sea level observation panel shows the list of sea level observation network either from Malaysia Tidal Gauges Network or International Sea Level Network. This panel sorts sea level observation network based on the nearest distance of any particular station to the source of an earthquake. Sea level station with the nearest distance to the epicentre will be located on top of this list following other station in an ascending order. To include a sea level reading to the bulletin, user need to manually plot the results based on the sea level chart includes in this panel (Figure 22). Sea level chart generated by this panel will continuously updates data every one (1) minute. If tsunami waves are observed in these data their amplitude and period (the time of one complete wave cycle) is measured. This method is accomplished by clicking the onset of the generated waves to the complete cycle of the waves in order for the system to calculate the results. This result will be automatically assign to the panel marked with red font colour indicated that this data need to be saves. To save this data, user need to tick a checkbox located beside the data and the font colour of the data will be revert back to default black. This indicates that the data has been successfully store in the database. Removing these data from the database requires the user to tick the checkbox again and the system will automatically remove the data. These data panel for particular station will change to not available (N.A) status to note that the process of removing data has been succeeded. 61 Figure 21. Issued bulletin perspective with sea level observation panel Figure 22. Sea level chart plotted from sea level observation panel The pre-computed tsunami panel display the list of predetermines location based on the level of threat. There are two (2) level of threat category available in this panel which is warning marked by the colour red and advisory marked with yellow. In order to include the results to the bulletin user has to manually save the data by checking the checkbox available for each set of data. The system will automatically save the results once user ticks the checkbox. The same procedure applies if the user decided to remove the data. In this case the user needs to unchecked 62 the checkbox and the system will automatically remove the data from the database. Figure 23. Issued bulletin perspective with pre-computed tsunami scenario results 4.1.4. View Bulletin Perspective This interface serves as bulletin viewer and bulletin dissemination panel. Accessing this interface is only available using view button located in issued bulletin perspective (Figure 24). This interface has three (3) main panels which is the view bulletin panel, recent bulletin panel and the dissemination panel (Figure 25). 63 Hyperlink to view bulletin perspective Figure 24. Hyperlink to view bulletin perspective View bulletin panel Recent bulletin panel Dissemination panel Figure 25. View bulletin perspective 64 4.1.5. Manage Earthquake Data Perspective The function of this interface is to manage earthquake data and relevant bulletin. Using this interface user can remove earthquake data, open issued bulletin perspective and view location map. This interface is shown in Figure 26. Figure 26. Interface to manage earthquake data and bulletin 65 4.1.6. Manual Search Tsunami Scenarios This interface enables direct access to search pre-computed tsunami scenarios base on the earthquake parameter. This interface search the database using simple method, interpolation method or extrapolation method (Chai et.al, 2009) and the results will be display in a form of data table. This interface is shown in Figure 27. Figure 27. The interface to search for tsunami scenario database 66 4.1.7. SMS Communication Test Perspective This interface allows the operator to create a SMS communication test by sending messages regularly. Operator has an option to include a dissemination group, dissemination user or even manually insert user that is not available in the current phone book database (Figure 28). Figure 28. SMS Communication Test Interface 67 4.1.8. SMS Queue Perspective The purpose of this interface is to display the status of SMS dissemination queue. This interface monitors current status of the queue and if there is any messages that is either pending or in failed states, SMS daemon will try to resend thus messages. There is absolutely no human interaction needed to resend the message. SMS queue perspective is shown in Figure 29. Figure 29. SMS queue perspective 68 4.1.9. E-mail Queue Perspective The purpose of this interface is to display the status of e-mail dissemination queue (Figure 30). This interface has the same function like SMS queue perspective where it only displays e-mail dissemination status and content. The dissemination method will be executed using back-end process which in this case e-mail daemon. These daemons continuously monitor new email that needed to be disseminated or e-mail that are either in pending or failed states. Figure 30. E-mail queue perspective 69 4.1.10. All Dissemination Performance Perspective One important aspect to monitor in the dissemination environment is the amount of time needed to disseminate particular bulletin. Using DADS this method can be monitor with all dissemination performance perspective. This interface display the elapsed time for particular bulletin to be send, total amount of bulletin send and the status of the bulletin either in failed or send states. This indication is important to determine the total performance of this system. This interface is shown in Figure 31. Figure 31. All dissemination performance perspective 70 4.1.11. Earthquake Parameter Data Entry Perspective Despite the ability to digest XML data injection through Seiscomp3, this system has a failed over interface to insert earthquake parameter manually. This interface was developed to support the usage of Antelope software as there is no direct integration yet to be done with this seismic analyst software. In general this interface has a build in form to insert earthquake parameter data. Once this form has been submitted, issued bulletin perspective will be emerges replacing earthquake parameter data entry perspective. This interface is shown in Figure 32. Figure 32. Earthquake parameter data entry perspective 71 4.1.12. User Manager Perspective Managing current user information that has the ability to login to this system can be done using this interface. Basically this interface manages user information and its respective group. This group gives the ability for different user to have different level of access to this system. This interface is shown in Figure 33. Figure 33. User manager perspective 72 4.1.13. Group Manager Perspective Group manager perspective manages group level for this system. This allows multi level access to system by creating different group with different level of access to this system. System administrator is responsible to create and manage group content for this system. This interface is shown in Figure 34. Figure 34. Group manager perspective 73 4.1.14. Personal Manager Perspective This interface uniquely differs in its content from one user to another as this interface manages personal user account information. In general this system allows user to change their respective user id, user name or password thus permit the user to control their own account while maintaining security and privacy. This interface is shown in Figure 35. Figure 35. Personal manager perspective 74 4.1.15. User Log Perspective This interface monitors all user logging activity and its respective location. It display login information such as login time, logout time, user, group , internet protocol (IP) address and the counter to show how many times the user has login to the system. This interface is shown is Figure 36. Figure 36. User log perspective 75 4.1.16. System Daemon Perspective The method of controlling a typical back-end process contain system daemon was very difficult for end-user that does not have the ability to access the main server. As a solution a front-end interface was developed that allowed the end-user to control and monitor system daemon from their accounts. Basically this interface permits the ability for end-user to start, stop and monitor specific daemon process as shown in Figure 37. Instead of monitoring daemon process this interface also display the connection status for external database and FTP status. Figure 37. System daemon perspective 76 4.1.17. Manage Condition Perspective One of importance aspect for any decision support system is to have the ability to control the information contained in pre determine decision proposal condition. Using this interface end-user has the ability to change several aspects regarding decision proposal condition such as bulletin templates, dissemination group, bulletin types and assessment types. This interface is shown in Figure 38. Figure 38. Manage condition perspective 77 4.1.18. Configuration of Bulletin Type Perspective This interface manages the types of bulletin available for this system as shown in Figure 39. Using this interface end-user can create, remove or updated existing bulletin types and its information. Figure 39. Bulletin type perspective 78 4.1.19. Configuration of Assessment Type Perspective The configuration of assessment types available for this system can be done using this interface as shown in Figure 40. Using this interface enduser have the ability to create, remove and updated information available for assessment types. Figure 40. Configuration of assessment type perspective 79 4.1.20. Configuration of Telecommunication List Perspective This interface manages the configuration of telecommunication provider list. This interface is shown in Figure 41. Figure 41. Configuration of telecommunication list perspective 80 4.1.21. Configuration of Telecommunication Status Code Perspective This interface defined telecommunication status code and description used by SMS daemon as shown in Figure 42. All of this code contributes to the status of SMS dissemination. Using this interface end-user have the ability to create, remove and updates the content. Figure 42. Configuration of telecommunication status code 81 4.1.22. Distribution List Group Perspective This interface differs in term of functionalities between group manager perspectives as this interface manages dissemination group use in SMS, email and fax dissemination. Dissemination group created in this interface can be include in decision proposal by using manage condition perspective. This interface is shown in Figure 43. Figure 43. Distribution group perspective 82 4.1.23. Distribution SMS Phone Book Perspective The purpose of this interface is to manage phone book for SMS dissemination purpose as shown in Figure 44. Using this interface system administrator has the ability to create, remove and updates the content of system phone book. One important feature using this interface is the ability to enable or disable dissemination user status. While dissemination user status is in disable mode no SMS will be send to this number until their status being revert to enable mode. Figure 44. Distribution SMS phone book perspective 83 4.1.24. Distribution E-mail Address Book Perspective This interface manage e-mail address book for DADS as shown in Figure 45. Using this interface system administrator has the ability to create, remove or updates the e-mail address book information. Dissemination user status can be enables or disable based on the requirement at any particular time. While dissemination user in a disable mode no e-mail will be send to this address until their status being revert back to enable mode. Figure 45. Distribution email address book perspective 84 4.2. Performance of the System This system has begun pre-operation status on the 10 November 2011, and until this report is made there are a total of ten (10) earthquake events has been processed and disseminated using this system. The performance results for this system regarding SMS dissemination is shown in Table 7. The performance chart for SMS dissemination is shown is Figure 46. Table 7. Average time for SMS bulletin dissemination Elapsed Time (minutes) Origin Time (UTC) Preliminary Revised Earthquake Info 10-11-2010 02:34:54 9 20 N.A 14-11-2011 04:05:16 7 13 N.A 13-12-2011 01:20:43 5 17 N.A 13-12-2011 07:52:00 7 14 N.A 14-12-2011 05:04:59 6 22 N.A 15-12-2011 10:10:05 N.A N.A 15 16-12-2011 23:18:10 3 11 N.A 19-12-2011 01:23:28 2 14 N.A 20-12-2011 18:45:31 8 16 N.A 22-12-2011 12:11:52 8 14 N.A Average Time (minutes) 6 16 15 85 DADS SMS DISSEMINATION PERFORMANCE Preliminary Revised Earthquake Info 24 22 20 18 minutes 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Earthquake Event (UTC) Figure 46. SMS dissemination performance Based on this result the average performance for preliminary bulletin types is within 6 minutes duration while key performance index (KPI) for this types of bulletin is 12 minutes. As for revision bulletin the average performance is within 16 minutes while KPI for these types of bulletin has been set to 24 minutes. The introduction of this system to the operation environment of MNTEWC has significantly boosted the performance in terms of disseminating SMS. 86 5. CONCLUSIONS The development of DADS is particularly challenging considering the approach of combining different sensor and database through one system integration framework, but the outcome of this system have contributed immensely to the efficiency and increasing the level of productivity in terms of operation for MNTEWC. Total response time measured from the time of detection for an earthquake to the dissemination of bulletin has been significantly improve. This denotes a significant improvement in term of scale of operability as most of this systems capability aimed at improving the standard of operating by reducing unnecessary human interaction to generate and disseminates bulletin. Many of the improvements have been achieved in a sense of technical and communication infrastructure as well as a standard operating procedure in determines warning dissemination. The integration of sea level observation along with pre-computed tsunami scenarios increase the level of confident while determines a tsunamigenic earthquake. Therefore as this systems provided with risk and vulnerability assessment through complex decision processing in a highly dense environment, this systems proves to be highly efficient through an innovative solution that makes this systems stand out from traditional approach that is not just time consuming but yet prone to human errors. One of the key factors in ensuring a sustainable operation for this system is the ability to undergo continuous improvement on major aspect of system functionality through indigenous development. This will ensure an atmosphere of progress within MNTEWC. Therefore this system will continue to evolve as a dedicated solution for an end-to-end tsunami early warning systems. 87 FUTURE PLAN The development phase for this system is still far from completion as this product will undergo continuous improvement in term of performance and the functionality of this system. In the near future several improvements have been formulated to strengthen the foundation of this system itself. This includes the configuration of new dissemination method to disseminate fax bulletin. Furthermore several RTSP bulletin such as SMS, fax and Global Telecommunication Services (GTS) is set to be develop in order to complement international requirement. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We would like to express our sincere gratitude to all the staff of Malaysian Tsunami Early Warning Centre (MNTEWC) for giving valuable comments, feedbacks and suggestion for further improvement during development process of this system. Special thanks to the management of Geophysics and Tsunami Division for their support during this research. 88 REFERENCES T. Steinmetz, U. Raape, S. Teßmann, C. Strobl, M. Friedemann, T. Kukofka, T. Riedlinger, E. Mikusch, and S. Dech, German Aerospace Center (Deutsches Zentrum f¨ur Luft- und Raumfahrt, DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany “Tsunami Early Warning and Decision Support”, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 10, 1839–1850, 2010. Tsunami Warning Center Reference Guide, 2007, 1-314 IOC, 2008, Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Technical Series 81, Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System, Implementation Plan for Regional Tsunami Watch Providers (RTWP). IOC, 2009, “A system of Interoperable Advisory and Warning Centres”, Report of Intersessional Meeting of ICG/IOTWS working group 5 held in Hyderabad, India UNESCO, IOC-NOAA, 2010, “Strengthening Tsunami Warning and Emergency Responses, Course Manual 2008-2010, Tsunami Warning Centre Operation”. Chai Mui Fatt, Asmadi bin Abdul Wahab, Norhadizah binti Mohd Khalid, Nasrul Hakim bin Hashim, Muhammad Nazri bin Noordin and Mohd Rosaidi bin Che Abas, 2009 “Tsunami Database for the National Tsunami Early Warning Centre of Malaysia: Toward the Implementation Plan of Regional Tsunami Watch Provider”, Malaysia Meteorological Department Publication No.4/2009, 1- 107. MySQL official website, http://www.mysql.com, (last accessed 1 October 2011). The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org, (last accessed 31 January 2011). PHP: Hypertext Pre-processor, http://www.php.net, (last accessed 20 Mei 2011). JQuery: Javascript Framework, http://www.jquery.com, (last accessed 20 September 2011). 89