SIEMENS/DANFYSIK Partikel Terapi acceleratoren

SIEMENS/DANFYSIK Partikel Terapi acceleratoren

SIEMENS/DANFYSIK
Partikel Terapi acceleratoren
Søren Pape Møller
DANFYSIK
Motivation: Cancer
Krav til beam
Acceleratorer til partikel terapi
DF/SAG accelerator systemet
Opsummering
http://cern.ch/AccelConf/p07/PAPERS/THPMN004.PDF
1
Dose and intensity
• Range of 30 cm →
• Proton energy: (50-)250 MeV
• Carbon energy: (100-)430 MeV/u=5GeV
• Dose of 2 Gy (=J/kg) in 2(10) l in 2 min. →
• Particle intensity 6⋅1011 p in 2 min
or 2⋅1010 C in 2 min
2
Acceleratorer til PT
Lineær accelerator
Synkrotron
3
Cyclotron
SIEMENS (DANFYSIK)
heavy-ion therapy
4
SAG-DF-MTA gantry
Ø8m
18t
5
Udfordringer ved et PT anlæg
•
•
•
•
Kompleksitet
Pålidelighed - QA
Økonomi
Logistik
6
SIEMENS/DANFYSIK PT system
10m
7
DF-SAG facility
8
Semi-vertical beamline
9
PT RKA
10
Main specs. to the PT accelerator system
48-250 MeV/u
Proton energy range
Carbon ion energy range
88-430 MeV/u
Time to change between ion species
<10 s
Ramping time of synchrotron to highest magnetic field
<1 s
Extraction time from synchrotron
<10 s (up to 30 s)
Time for energy change (stop extraction to start extraction)
<5 s (TBC)
Time to switch beam from room to room
<8 s (TBC)
System uptime
>95-98%
Maximum number of protons at end of HEBT per spill
4⋅1010
Maximum number of carbon ions at end of HEBT per spill
1⋅109
Intensity variation
0.001-1
Stability during spill
Extracted intensity (300 ms) sampling
<+30%/-50%
Max/min intensity for faster sampling (down to 10 µs)
<3
Beam width at variations at isocenter
<20%
Position variations at isocenter (including feedback)
<0.5 mm
Integral intensity (fill)
<30%
Variations in mean energy from synchrotron
<0.1%
11
DF-SAG facility
15mA
C4+, …
8 keV/amu
H3+, H2+, H+, …
0mA
Un-separated DC beam from source
12
DF-SAG facility
2mA
C4+
8 keV/amu
H3+
0mA
Separated DC beam
13
DF-SAG facility
5 Hz
2mA
200μs
0mA
8 keV/amu
Separated chopped beam
14
DF-SAG facility
200μs
7 MeV/amu
2mA
216MHz
..…………...
0mA
Bunched beam acceleration in LINAC
15
DF-SAG facility
7 MeV/amu
H+, C6+
stripper
2μs
100mA
0mA
10-turn multiturn injection into synchrotron
16
DF-SAG facility
7-430 MeV/amu
1-7 MHz
20mA
..…
0mA
Synchrotron acceleration during 1 s
17
DF-SAG facility
50-430 MeV/amu
0.1pA
-10nA
0
Extraction of DC beam
18
LEBT, RFQ, LINAC, MEBT samt injektion
19
LEBT
20
ECR Ion Source
21
22
Beam after ion source
23
IS + LEBT i Heidelberg
24
LEBT
•Macro-pulse
chopper
25
26
Solenoide
27
RFQ + LINAC
28
IH-accelerator
• 56 accelerating gaps
within 3.8 m
• Accelerates from
400 keV/u to 7
MeV/u
• About 850kW of RF
power needed
29
HIT-IH Cavity
30
Electric field IH-cavity
31
Magnetic field IH-cavity
32
Fields inside the IH-cavity
33
LINAC quadrupoles
Ramped lenses with 5Hz
15ms ramp-up-time, 3ms flat-top, 25ms ramp-down-time
34
RF amplifiers
The RF-system consists of:
- 200 kW amplifier at 0,5% duty cycle
- 1,4 MW amplifier at 0,5% duty cycle
- 4 kW amplifier at 0,5% duty cycle
Photos by
HIT
35
radial envelopes x and y [mm]
Radial Envelopes
5
0°
-35°
-35°
0°
-35°
0°
L
0
L
-5
0
100
200
300
z[cm ] beam axis
400
500
600
36
MEBT
debuncher
Injection septum
chopper
Vertical
correctors
Stripper foil
37
MEBT
Horizontal beam envelope [m] versus distance [m]
0.025000
0.000
14.574
-0.025000
0.025000
Vertical beam envelope [m] versus distance [m]
0.000
14.574
-0.025000
Betatron envelope
Momentum envelope
Note: Linear optics
38
Chopper
slit
bend chop bend
39
Charge separation
The most closely spaced ions, from a not complete stripping
process, will be O7+ and O8+.
40
MEBT 25° dipole
41
Debuncher
Beam at the
stripper:
After the
debuncher:
42
DF synchrotron
Elektrostatisk
ekstraktions
septum
Magnetiske
ekstraktions
septa
Bumper
Elektrostatisk
injektions
septum
43
Synchrotron
Beam strøm transformere
Fluorescerende skærme
Long. og transv. pickups
Exciter elektroder
Scrapers
Bumper
Elektrostatiske septa
Magnetiske septa
Beam position monitor
44
Synchrotron dipole
45
Maximum field, Pre-prototype exit, y=0, 100%
0.00500
dB0/B0
0.00400
dB/B0 Calculate
0.00300
dB0/B0 (T)
0.00200
0.00100
-100
-80
-60
-40
0.00000
-20
0
-0.00100
20
40
60
80
-0.00200
-0.00300
-0.00400
-0.00500
x (mm)
Non-linear EFB variation, Pre-prototype exit, y=0, 100%
0.00100
dLres/Lhalf
0.00080
dInt_Rel Calculated
0.00060
dLres/Lhalf (T)
0.00040
0.00020
-100
-80
-60
-40
0.00000
-20
0
-0.00020
20
40
60
80
100
-0.00040
-0.00060
-0.00080
-0.00100
x (mm)
46
100
Electrostatic injection septum
47
ElectrostaticExtraction septum
48
Magnetic extraction septum
49
Extraction straight section
50
Synchrotron sextupole
51
Synchrotron cycle
•1,2
•"chimney"
•B/Bmax
•1
•0,8
•Extraction
•1-10s
•low-energy protons
•high-energy protons
•0,6
•low-energy carbon
•high-energy carbon
•0,4
•0,2
•Injection
•dB•/•dt•/•Bmax •=1/s
•0
•0
•1
•2
•3
•time (s)
•4
•5
•6
•7
52
Beam envelope at injection
53
Injection bump
septum
Bumper magnet
#1
3.2 mrad.
#2
6.3 mrad.
#3
7.6 mrad.
54
Bumper supply
Magnetic field
18 μs
Turn
4
15
time
55
Multi-Turn-Injection
56
Synchrotron cavity
2.5 kV
Rf: 1-7 MHz
Omløbsfrekvens 0.5-3.5 MHz
57
Synchrotron dump
0.025000
0.000
64.800
-0.025000
0.040000
Vertical beam envelope [m] versus distance [m]
Note: Linear optics
11.220
18.422
-0.040000
Betatron envelope
Momentum envelope
Note: Linear optics
58
Slow Extraction
59
HEBT
60
H
H
3P
2P
1P
G
G
G
T
T
T
H
4P
G
T
H
H 4H
4V S
S3 3
HCVS5
HCPG4
HCHS5
HCPG3
H4PG2
H4VS2
H4HS2
H4VS1
108000
Survey-Plot [mm]
H4HS1
HCPG2
HCVS4
HCHS4
HCHS3
HCPG1
HCVS2
HCHS2
HCVS1
HCHS1
H
HEBT
61
Fast Beam Abort System
62
HEBT
63
3
HCHS5
HCQDA
HCQFB
HCVS5
HCPG4
H3BM1
BM
H2BM1
H4B
M7
H4SCH
H4SCV
H4QF6
H4QD5
H4VS3
H4HS3
H4BM6
H4PG2
H4BM5
H4VS2
H4QD4
H4QF3
M4
H4HS2
H4 B
H4
64
8
BM
H4
9
H 4B M
S1
4V 2
H QD 1
4
H 4Q F
H
S1
4H
2
BM
H4
H
H 4B M 1
HCPG3
HCQD9
HCQF8
HCPG2
HCVS4
HCQF7
HCQD6
HCHS4
HCHS3
H1BM1
Vertical beamline for Japan
H4PGT
ISO-TR4
HEBT quadrupole
65
HEBT beam + conditioninge
Magnetic field
2s
time
66
D
BLM1-S-02
DCCT2-S-01 FCT2-S-01
Q
S
BPM1-S-03
Q Vst D
D
S
Vst
Q
Hst
Q Hst QQ Vst
Hst
Hst QQ Vst
Q
Vst
D
D
MWPC1-H/C-01
ION1-H/C-01
pa
SNT1-H/C-01
pa
Hst QQ Vst
D
QQ
D
Hst
Hst QQ Vst
D
D
QQ
H/Vst
D
D
QQ
QQ
D
MWPC1-H/C-04
ION1-H/C-04
pa
SNT1-H/C-04
pa
ScnXY
ScnXY
ScnXY
D
MWPC1-H/V1-01
ION1-H/V1-01
pa
SNT1-H/V1-01
pa
Vst
D
D
Hst QQ
D
VSC2-H/V1-01
pa
QQ
D
D
D
Q
SS4
SS3
MWPC1-H/C-02
ION1-H/C-02
pa
SNT1-H/C-02
pa
VSC2-H/C-01
pa
Fast Abort
Mag sept
Mag sept
ES sept
D
VSC2-S-02
pa
QQ Hst
BPM1-S-02
SCP1-S-01
SCP2-H/C-01
MWPC1-H/C-03
ION1-H/C-03
pa
SNT1-H/C-03
pa
ScnXY
[ BAMS ]
BPM1-S-04
Inj bumper 2
Q
S
SLM1-S-01
(BTF exciter)
SS5
SS2
RF cavity
[ BAMS ]
[ BAMS ]
[ BAMS ]
Inj bumper 1
S
Q
BPM1-S-01
D
D
Vst
Q
BLM1-S-01
SS6
SS1
VSC2-S-01
pa
BPM1-S-06
D
BLM1-S-03
Q
Vst
BPM1-S-05
D
Q
Key
Inj bumper 3
S
ES septum
D
D inflect
PU1-M-03 FCT1-M-02 PRF1-M-04 FCP2-M-03
pa
pa
pa
Debuncher
Vst Q
Q
D
SLM1-S-02
(Schottky PU)
S
SLM1-S-03
(KO exciter)
D 25 degr
PRF1-M-03
pa
Chopper2
SHZ2-M-02
sa
QQ
D v corr
SHZ2-M-01 FCP2-M-02 PRF1-M-02
sa
pa
pa
Q
D 25 degr
PU1-M-02
QQQ
FCP2-M-01
pa
Stripper
PU1-M-01 PRF1-M-01 FCT1-M-01
pa
pa
DTL
[ PU1 Siemens ]
QQ
RFQ
Sol
SHZ1-L/C-02 FCP2-L/C-01 PRF1-L/C-02
sa, sa
pa
pa
Chopper1
PRF1-L/L-01 (DCCT - in review)
pa
SHZ1-L/L-02 FCP1-L/L-02
sa, sa
pa
SHZ1-L/C-01 SVT1-L/C-01 PRF1-L/C-01
sa, sa
sa, sa
pa
QQQ
D Switch
QQQ
Source
SHZ1-L/R-02 FCP1-L/R-02
sa, sa
pa
Sol
SHZ1-L/L-01 FCP1-L/L-01 VSC1-L/L-01
sa, sa
pa
pa
PRF1-L/R-01 (DCCT - in review)
pa
D Analyser
D Analyser
Q
Q
Sol
Source
SHZ1-L/R-01 FCP1-L/R-01 VSC1-L/R-01
sa, sa
pa
pa
[ Device acronym Device subtype # - Region/Subregion - Sequential # ]
Regions
L
LEBT:
/L
Left-hand source arm
/R
Right-hand source arm
/C
Common section
M
S
H
MEBT:
Synchrotron
HEBT
/C
Common section
/H1
Horizontal line 1
/H2
Horizontal line 2
/H3
Horizontal line 3
/V1
Vertical line 1
Other devices
RFQ
Radio frequency quadrupole
DTL
Drift tube linac
Chopper1
200us chopper
Chopper2
36us chopper
Amag
Analyser magnet (m,q)
D
Dipole magnet
Hst
Horizontal steerer magnet
Vst
Vertical sterrer magnet
Q
Quadrupole magnet
S
Sextupole
ScnXY
Scan magnets, X,Y
BAMS
Diagnostic devices
Acronym
LE ME SY HE Qty
BLM
3
3
BPM
6
6
DCCT1
0
0 (2)
DCCT2
1
1
FCP1
4
4
FCP2
4
1
3
FCT1
2
2
FCT2
1
1
ION
5
5
MWPC
5
5
PRF
8
4
4
PU
3
3
SCP1
1
1
SCP2
1
1
SHZ1
6
6
SHZ2
2
2
SVT
1
1
SLM
3
3
SNT
5
5
VSC1
2
2
VSC2
3
2
1
Description
Beam loss monitor
Beam position monitor, X,Y (with Schottky o/p)
DC (parametric) current transformer (2: in review)
DC current transformer integrated with FCT
Faraday cup high power (cooled)
Faraday cup low power (uncooled)
AC current transformer
AC current transformer integrated with DCCT
Ionisation chamber (3 with readout)
Multiwire prop chamber
Profile grid harp array, in vacuum
Capacitive pickup, non-position sensitive
Scraper (synchrotron beam dump)
Scraper (Fast abort beam dump)
Horizontal slit pair
Horizontal slit single blade
Vertical slit pair
Stripline xy (RF exciter or Schottky PU)
Scintillator, pulse counting
Viewing screen, tantalum, high power
Viewing screen, phosphor, dual position
Actuators
sa
pa
Stepper axis
Pneumatic axis
14
2
11
9
2
12
16
34
Excludes items in Siemens scope (qty 1 PU)
Rev: 8
Date: 07 Nov 2006
Drn: JG
Chk:
67
Faraday Cup
68
AC DC transformer
69
Profile Grid in LEBT/MEBT
70
Slits/scraper/stripper cooled/uncooled
71
Phase Probe for MEBT
72
Beam Position Monitor
73
Schottky probe
74
Beam Loss Monitor
75
Scintillation counter in HEBT
76
MWPC in HEBT
77
Ionisation chamber
78
Fluorescent screen in HEBT
79
Accelerator Control System
• Eckelmann
80