Crowd Safety at Large Outdoor Events and Event Licensing

Crowd Safety at Large
Outdoor Events & Event
Licensing
CFOA (Ireland) Annual Conference
6th May 2015
Legislation
Health & Safety and Welfare at Work
> Fire Services Act 1981 & 2003
> Planning and Development Act, 2000
> Planning and Development (Licensing of
Outdoor Events) Regulations 2001 - 2013
>
Event Licensing Process
Event Definition:
“A public performance which takes place wholly or mainly in the
open air or in a tented structure and which is comprised of music,
dancing or displays of public entertainment.”
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Threshold for licensing – an event where the audience comprises 5,000
or more people.
Exemption for Local Authority promoting the event:
> An event where the audience comprises 5,000 or more people
> Section 193 of the Regulations exempts a Local Authority event
from licensing process
Event License Application
Draft Event Management Plan
> Names and responsibilities of the Event Controller - Safety
Officer etc.,
> Draft Site Emergency Plan
> Draft Traffic Management Plan
> Draft Safety Strategy Statement
> Draft Environment Monitoring Programme
> Provision of removal of structures, reinstatement of land, full site
clean-up etc.,
> Relevant Site Location Maps
Event Guidance
>
Ireland
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Code of Practice for Safety at Sports Grounds
Code of Practice for Safety at Pop Concerts and similar
events
UK
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Red Guide for Sports Grounds NI
Event Safety Guide
UK Fire Safety Risk Assessment open air events and venues
Event
Guidance
Event
Guidance
Event
Guidance
Event
Guidance
Non-Licensed Events
>
Sporting Events, e.g. GAA Fixtures, Rugby &
Soccer Games, Ploughing Championships,
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All events below 5,000 threshold
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Should generally follow same process;
> Event Management Plan
> Pre-event meetings and consultations
Event Types
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Stadium including pitch as viewing area
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Green Field Site
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Single Stage Concert
Multi Stage Festival with Camping
Street Events
> Indoor Marquee / Temporary Structure
> Indoor Permanent Building / Venue
>
MSA Events
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Slane Castle (Various Concerts)
MSA Events
>
Croke Park (Various Concerts, including One Direction 2013)
MSA Events
>
St. Patrick’s Festival
MSA Events
>
Giro d’italia
MSA Events
>
FlightFest - IAA
MSA Events
>
London 2012 (All Venues)
Ticketing Arrangements
All Tickets Presold
> Tickets on sale on day/cash at turnstiles
> Ticketed Free Event
> Non-Ticketed Free Event
>
Assessment of Venue Capacity
Entry Capacity
> Holding Capacity
> Exit Capacity
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Entry Capacity
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Expected Peak Arrival Rate vs. Entry
Processing Rate
No. of Turnstiles
No. of Ticket-Check Lanes
No. of Ticket Scan Lanes
No. of Search Lanes (Higher Risk Events)
Holding Capacity
>
Seating: No. of Seats within Sightline
>
Standing:
> Stadium Terracing up to 0.21m2/person
> Other Standing Areas (e.g. concerts)
0.3-0.5m2/person
Normal Egress Capacity
End of Show Egress
> Stadium Venue
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Green Field Site
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Stands 8 mins
Pitch 8-12 mins
up to 15-20 mins
Festival Event (Staggered Event Finish Times):
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Capacity of routes to campsite to match expected peak flows
Capacity of routes to car park and bus pick up areas to
match expected peak demand
NB Tendency of people to leave by the way
they entered the venue
Emergency Egress Capacity
>
Higher Fire Risk : < 5 mins
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Normal Fire Risk : 5-10 mins
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Lower Fire Risk : 10 mins +
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Allowance for Emergency services access routes to
be considered
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Egress flow rates: 109 p/m/min - Level routes & ramps
73 p/m/min - stairs
Circulation / Queuing Capacity
Key Factors
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Capacity of key elements of routes to take peak flows
at intervals between acts/periods of peak demand
Effect of contraflows on flow capacity of routes.
One way systems to avoid contraflows
Sizes of queues and effect on crowd circulation
during event and during normal or emergency egress
Adequacy of toilet, bar and other facilities to avoid
excessive queues.
Key Risk Factors
Crowd Congestion/Crushing
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Circulation Routes
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Queuing for Facilities (eg. Bars) or end of
show transport (Buses/Trains)
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Standing viewing areas (eg. Front of Stage)
Extreme Weather
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High Wind
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Torrential Rain
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Impact on temporary Structures
Impact on existing permanent Structures
Trees
Tendency of people to seek cover
Underfoot Conditions
Lightning Storms
Public Order Issues
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Moshing/Forming Pyramids etc.
Assault
Rushing to enter/exit venue
Accessing the venue without tickets
Climbing structures etc.
Fire Risks
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Flammable Liquids: Diesel Generators Only
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LPG Storage and Use: Cooking and Catering units
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Inspection and sign off by Registered Gas Contractor
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Spacing Requirements between Concessions/Catering
Units
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Temporary Electrical Installations
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Inspection and sign of by Registered Electrical Contractor
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Pyrotechnics
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Temporary Heating Installations
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Accumulation of waste materials
Emergency Plans
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Fire
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Bomb Threat
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Extreme Weather
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Crowd Congestion
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Crowd Disorder
 Documented Plans
 Table Top Exercises
Standing Viewing Area Barrier Layouts
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Croke Park -One Direction 2013
Standing Viewing Area Barrier Layouts
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Croke Park -One Direction 2013
Standing Viewing Area Barrier Layouts
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Croke Park
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Aviva Concert
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Aviva Concert
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Slane Castle (Various Concerts)
Slane Concert Barrier
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Croke Park Eucharistic Congress
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Oxegen Festival
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Electric Picnic
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Electric Picnic
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Giro d’italia
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Obama Visit Dublin
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Olympics 2012
Concessions and Catering Units
Bar Queuing
Recent Major Incidents at Events
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Bradford Fire 1989
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Hillsborough Stadium Disaster 1989
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96 Fatalities
Roskilde Festival Denmark Pearl Jam
Concert 2010
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56 Fatalities
9 Fatalities
Indiana State Fair Indianapolis 2011
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Stage Collapse in High Winds
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5 Fatalities
Recent Major Incidents at Events
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Pukkelpop Festival Belgium 2011
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Stage and other structures collapse in High Winds
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5 Fatalities
Love Parade Festival Germany 2010
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Crowd Crushing in Tunnel
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21 Fatalities
Shanghai New Years Eve Light Show 2014
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Stampede/over crowding in viewing area
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36 Fatalities
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Love Parade Findings
Effective Event Management
Stakeholders
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Local Authority – Event Licensing
Event Promoter Team
Project/Site Manager & Support Team
> Event Controller & Support Team
> Safety Officer & Support Team
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Venue Management Team
Gardaí
Fire Services
Ambulance Service & Medical Team
Environmental Health
Transport (Bus & Train Services)
Conclusion
Event Licensing – Does it Work
Garth Brooks?