Parts of Speech

ENCONCEPT E-ACADEMY
Fundamental course
by P’NIS & P’RISA & P’MAY
เนื้ อ หาการเรี ยนการสอน
สั ปดาห์ ที่ 1-2 เทอม 1 ปี 53
S.E.L.F@home / SAFE@home
Enconcept E-Academy
by P’Nis & P’Risa & P’May
Fundamental Course
Parts of Speech
¤ืo __________________________________
ÁÕ 8 »ÃaeÀ· 䴌桋
1. Nouns ¤ืo ______________________________________________
˹ŒÒ·ÕèËÅa¡¢o§¤íÒ¹ÒÁ¤ืo (Function of Nouns)
• ______________________________________
: The singer is singing on the stage.
• ______________________________________
: Her mother bought a sunflower bouquet.
• ______________________________________
: He’s looking at the children.
• ______________________________________
: She becomes a nurse.
1
Enconcept E-Academy
by P’Nis & P’Risa & P’May
Fundamental Course
2. Pronouns ¤ืo ____________________________________________________
µÒÃÒ§ÊÃþ¹ÒÁ
Personal Pronouns
ºuÃuÉ·Õè 1
Subject
Object
eo¡¾¨¹
I
me
myself
my
mine
¾ËÙ¾¨¹
eo¡¾¨¹
we
us
our
ours
you
you
ourselves
yourself
yourself
yourselves
your
yours
he
e¾ÈªÒÂ
(¤¹)
him
himself
his
his
her
herself
her
hers
it
itself
its
its
them
themselves
their
theirs
ºuÃuÉ·Õè 2
¾ËÙ¾¨¹
ºuÃuÉ·Õè 3
Possessive Pronouns
Reflexive
Pronouns
eo¡¾¨¹
¾ËÙ¾¨¹
she
e¾ÈË­i§
(¤¹)
ÊaµÇ
Êi觢o§
they
Determiner
Nominal
: Mr. Wilson talked with him about the project.
: Our houses are all on the same hill. Mine is above his.
: Aum Patcharapa sets her beautiful hairstyle herself.
2
Enconcept E-Academy
by P’Nis & P’Risa & P’May
Fundamental Course
3. Verbs ¤ืo ______________________________________________________
ª¹i´¢o§¤íÒ¡ÃiÂÒËÅa¡ 䴌桋
• ______________________________________
: That naughty boy broke the window.
• ______________________________________
: A small boy walks slowly.
• ______________________________________
: He goes there early.
• ______________________________________
: We like to walk to school in the early morning.
• ______________________________________
: A letter is written by Susan every day.
“Creativity is a type of learning process where the teacher and pupil are located in
the same individual.”
Arthur Koestler
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Enconcept E-Academy
by P’Nis & P’Risa & P’May
Fundamental Course
4. Adjectives ¤ืo ___________________________________________________
µíÒæ˹‹§ËÅa¡¢o§ Adjective
• ______________________________________
: The beautiful girl is talking to a young boy.
• ______________________________________
: Peter is cheerful today.
• ______________________________________
: We consider his report unsatisfactory.
5. Adverbs ¤ืo ___________________________________________________
˹ŒÒ·Õè¢o§¤íÒ¡ÃiÂÒÇieÈɳ
• ______________________________________
: He smiles happily everyday.
• ______________________________________
: Students at Enconcept are very intelligent.
• ______________________________________
: Finally, I was successful in the examination.
• ______________________________________
: Pooh can dip honey very fast.
4
Enconcept E-Academy
by P’Nis & P’Risa & P’May
Fundamental Course
6. Prepositions ¤ืo ______________________________________________
: I spoke to him concerning to my son.
: Most people want to go to the beach during the summer holidays.
7. Conjunctions ¤ืo __________________________________________
• Co-ordinate Conjunctions ¤ืo ¤íÒÊa¹¸Ò¹·Õè㪌eªืèoÁ»Ãao¤ (clauses) ·ÕÁè ¤Õ ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤a­ËÃืoÁդҋ
¾o¡a¹ (equal value) 䴌桋
and
but
so
or
both………and
both………and also
not only………but also
either………….or
neither…………nor
Both playing toys and eating are my
favorite hobbies.
5
Enconcept E-Academy
by P’Nis & P’Risa & P’May
Fundamental Course
• Subordinate Conjunctions ¤ืo ¤íÒÊa¹¸Ò¹·Õè㪌eªืèoÁ»Ãao¤ËÅa¡ (main clause) e¢ŒÒ¡aºo¹u
»Ãao¤ (subordinate clause) e¢ŒÒ´ŒÇ¡a¹
For time
For reason
For condition
For manner
For place
when
whenever
as soon as
as, while
as long as
until
till
before
after
since
by the time
because
since
as
seeing (that)
now (that)
for
if
unless
provided (that)
supposing (that)
as
as though
as if
where
wherever
For purpose
in order to (that)
so (that)
in case
for fear (that)
lest
For result
so……that
such……that
For comparison
as…………as
not so……as
more(-er)
………than
the __est, the
most
For concession
although,
even though
ever if,
though
in spite of the fact (that)
where, whenever
whatever, however, whether………or not
Noom: N’ May, in order to be that
good, I may have to turn to fifty first.
6
Enconcept E-Academy
by P’Nis & P’Risa & P’May
Fundamental Course
8. Interjections ___________________________________________
: What a shame!
: Hurrah! We win.
: How quickly you eat!
Exercise: Identify the part of speech of the underlined word in each sentence.
1. Tomorrow, I will wake up early for class.
a. verb
b. pronoun
c. adjective
d. adverb
2. Justin is angry.
a. verb
b. adjective
c. pronoun
d. adverb
3. Don’t hold your anger.
a. verb
b. pronoun
c. noun
d. adjective
4. My dog is barking, but I can’t hear him.
a. noun
b. preposition
c. conjunction
d. verb
5. The bark on this tree is very rough.
a. conjunction b. pronoun
c. noun
d. verb
6. Does he like a Hard Rock Cafe?
a. preposition b. pronoun
c. verb
d. noun
7. When the Red Cross brought food, the situations were mercifully
improved.
a. preposition b. interjection
c. verb
d. conjunction
8. The streets of desert towns were purposely made narrow to provide the
maximum amount of shade.
a. adjective
b. adverb
c. noun
d. pronoun
9. The landing of the troops took place under the cover of night.
a. pronoun
b. adverb
c. preposition
d. conjunction
10. Ouch! That hurts me!
a. adverb
b. verb
c. conjunction
d. interjection
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Enconcept E-Academy
by P’Nis & P’Risa & P’May
Fundamental Course
Word Building
¤ืo ¡ÒÃÊÌҧ¤íÒÈa¾·ãËÁ‹o´Â¡ÒÃeµiÁ Suffixes, Prefixes ËÃืo Root words «ึè§oÒ¨·íÒãˌ¤ÇÒÁËÁÒÂËÃืoª¹i´
¢o§¤íÒÈa¾·¹aé¹e»ÅÕè¹仨ҡe´iÁ
1. Suffixes ¤ืo ʋǹ·Õè¹íÒÁÒeµiÁÁÒeµiÁ¢ŒÒ§ËÅa§ æŌÇe»ÅÕè¹˹ŒÒ·Õè¢o§¤íÒãˌe»š¹
Nouns, verbs, adjective, adverb
1. 1 Noun Suffix
Suffix
Meaning
Examples
-tion
-sion
action/instance of V-ing
alteration, demonstration,
expansion, inclusion,
admission
-er
person who V-s
something used for V-ing
advertiser, driver
computer, silencer
-ment
action/instance of V-ing
development, punishment,
unemployment
-ant
-ent
person who V-s
assistant, consultant,
student
-age
action/result of V
breakage, wastage,
package
-al
action/result of V
denial, proposal, refusal,
dismissal
action/result of V
preference, dependence,
interference,
attendance, acceptance,
endurance
action/instance of V-ing
place of V-ing
bribery, robbery, misery
refinery, bakery
-ence
-ance
-ery/-ry
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Enconcept E-Academy
by P’Nis & P’Risa & P’May
Suffix
Fundamental Course
Meaning
Examples
-er
person concerned with N
astronomer, geographer
-ism
doctrine of N
Marxism, Maoism, Thatcherism
-ship
state of being N
friendship, citizenship, leadership
-age
collection of N
baggage, plumage
-ity
state or quality of being A
ability, similarity, responsibility, curiosity
-ness
state or quality of being A
darkness, preparedness, consciousness
-cy
state or quality of being A
urgency, efficiency, frequency
1.2 Adjective Suffix
Suffix
Meaning
Examples
-al
central, political, national, optional,
professional
-ent
different, dependent, excellent
-ive
attractive, effective, imaginative, repetitive
-ous
continuous, dangerous, famous
-ful
beautiful, peaceful, careful
-less
endless, homeless, careless, thoughtless
-able
drinkable, countable, avoidable
9
Enconcept E-Academy
by P’Nis & P’Risa & P’May
Fundamental Course
1.3 Verb Suffix
Suffix
Meaning
Examples
-en
brighten, soften, fasten, shorten
-ate
activate, differentiate, liquidate,
-ize
publicize, symbolize, visualize
-ify/-fy
simplify, classify, exemplify
Exercise A: Choose the most appropriate answer for each question.
1. My grandfather is enjoying his ____________
a. retired
b. retirement
c. retiringly
d. retires
2. We should make these problems simpler. That means we need to ________
them.
a. simply
b. simple
c. simplify
d. simplification
3. David is a very ______________ boy. He’s always nice and wants to help
people
a. thoughtful
b. thoughtfully
c. thought
d. thoughtfulness
4. That law is not ________ in this case.
a. applicable
b. application
c. applied
d. applicant
5. The hurricane caused terrible __________ in the area.
a. destroy
b. destructive
c. destruction
d. destructively
10
Enconcept E-Academy
by P’Nis & P’Risa & P’May
Fundamental Course
Exercise B: Fill in the blank with the proper words.
1. She goes jogging every morning; she’s really keen on physical _________
(fit)
2. She likes her students to be ____________ and call her Miss Jones.
(respect)
3. You must take a ______________ as soon as possible (decide)
4. He drives so _______________ that I’m sure he’ll have an accident. (care)
5. If you want to get the job, you will have to send the _____________ form
soon. (apply)
I want to apply for the best
university in UK but I have
no idea where I could send
my application form to.
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Enconcept E-Academy
by P’Nis & P’Risa & P’May
Fundamental Course
2. Prefixes
2.1 Negative Prefixes (Verb Prefix)
Prefix
Meaning
Examples
re-
again or back
restructure, revisit, reappear, rebuild, refinance
dis-
reverses the meaning of
the verb
disappear, disallow, disarm, disconnect,
discontinue
over- too much
overbook, oversleep, overwork
un-
reverses the meaning of
the verb
unbend, uncouple, unfasten
mis-
badly or wrongly
mislead, misinform, misidentify
out-
more or better than others outperform, outbid
be-
make or cause
befriend, belittle
co-
together
co-exist, co-operate, co-own
de-
do the opposite of
devalue, deselect
fore- earlier, before
foreclose, foresee
inter- between
interact, intermix, interface
pre-
before
pre-expose, prejudge, pretest
sub-
under/below
subcontract, subdivide
trans- across, over
transform, transcribe, transplant
under- not enough
underfund, undersell, undervalue,
underdeveloped
12
Enconcept E-Academy
by P’Nis & P’Risa & P’May
Fundamental Course
2.2 Noun Prefix
Prefix
Meaning
Examples
anti-
against
anticlimax, antidote, antithesis
auto-
self
autobiography, automobile
bi-
two
bilingualism, biculturalism, bi-metalism
co-
joint
co-founder, co-owner, co-descendant
counter- against
counter-argument, counter-example, counter-proposal
dis-
the converse of
discomfort, dislike
ex-
former
ex-chairman, ex-hunter
hyper- extreme
hyperinflation, hypersurface
in-
the converse of
inattention, incoherence, incompatibility
in-
inside
inpatient,
inter-
between
interaction, inter-change, interference
kilo-
thousand
kilobyte
mal-
bad
malfunction, maltreatment, malnutrition
mega-
million
megabyte
mis-
wrong
misconduct, misdeed, mismanagement
mini-
small
mini-publication, mini-theory
mono-
one
monosyllable, monograph, monogamy
neo-
new
neo-colonialism, neo-impressionism
out-
separate
outbuilding,
poly-
many
polysyllable
pseudo- false
re-
again
pseudo-expert
re-organization, re-assessment, re-examination
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Enconcept E-Academy
by P’Nis & P’Risa & P’May
Prefix
Fundamental Course
Meaning
Examples
semi- half
semicircle, semi-darkness
sub-
subset, subdivision
below
super- more than, above
superset, superimposition, superpowers
sur-
over and above
surtax
tele-
distant
telecommunications,
tri-
three
tripartism
beyond
ultrasound
ultra-
under- below, too little
underpayment, under-development, undergraduate
vice-
vice-president
deputy
2.3 Adjective Prefix
Prefix
unim-/in/ir-/il-
Meaning
Examples
unfortunate, uncomfortable, unjust
immature, impatient, improbable, inconvenient,
irreplaceable, illegal
non-
non-fiction, non-political, non-neutral
dis-
disloyal, dissimilar, dishonest
“He who devotes sixteen hours a day to hard study may
become at sixty as wise as he thought himself at twenty.”
14
Enconcept E-Academy
by P’Nis & P’Risa & P’May
Fundamental Course
Exercise C: Fill in the blank with prefix chosen from the following list.
re-
post-
over-
pre-
mis-
under-
il-
un-
1. There are so many people. We hope the concert won’t be _____________ .
(crowded)
2. Do you think the president will be ___________ for a second time? (elected)
3. He took ___________ against burglary by installing an alarm and a security camera.
(cautions)
4. He added a _________________ at the end of the letter. (script)
5. It is _________________ to drive without a driving license. (legal)
6. The tourist guide promised the tourists that they would get a _______________ if
they did not like the trip. (fund)
7. Dad doesn’t want to buy this chair. It is _________________. (comfortable)
8. People _________________ each other because of the different cultures.
(understand)
9. Don’t _________________ young children nowadays. They are smarter than you
think. (estimate)
10. It was difficult to_________________ the house after the earthquake. (build)
“Learning from experience is a faculty almost never practiced.”
Barbara Tuchman
15
Enconcept E-Academy
by P’Nis & P’Risa & P’May
Fundamental Course
Memolody
1. ÁÕe˵u¼Å
eÃҡ示¡a¹ÁÒµa§é ¹Ò¹
µ‹Ò§¡çÃٌ㨡a¹æÅa¡a¹
测ÁÕºÒ§eÇÅÒ eÃÒäÁ‹e¢ŒÒ㨡a¹
äÁ‹ÃٌNjÒe¾ÃÒaoaäÃ
ËÒ¡¼i´·Õè©a¹ ©a¹¡çÅo§»ÃaºµaÇ
¢oãˌe¸o䴌e¢ŒÒã¨
测·íÒäÁe¸oäÁ‹Ê¹ã¨oaäà äÁ‹ÁeÕ Ëµu¼Å·u¡·Õ
¡çoÂÒ¡ãˌÃa¡eÃҴաNjҹÕé
e˹ืo¤¹oื¹è
oÂÒ¡ãˌe¸o
Åo§»ÃaºµaÇÊa¡¤Ãaé§
*¶ŒÒe¸oÁÕe˵u¼Å r_____________, j_____________
j_____________, l_____________
s_____________, r_____________,
s_____________, c_____________, s_____________
Ãa¡eÃҡ礧¨ae¢ŒÒ·Õ
ËÒ¡e¸o¹a¹é ÁÕe˵u¼ÅÊa¡Ë¹‹oÂ
©a¹Ç‹ÒÁa¹¡ç¤§´Õ
Ãa¡¢o§eÃÒ¤§äÁ‹e»š¹æºº¹Õé
¤§ÁÕ测¤ÇÒÁe¢ŒÒã¨
椋oÂÒ¡ãˌe¸o¹aé¹ÁÕe˵u¼Å
eËÁืo¹¤¹oืè¹
oÂÒ¡ãˌe¸o
Åo§»ÃaºµaÇÊa¡¤Ãaé§
127
Enconcept E-Academy
by P’Nis & P’Risa & P’May
Fundamental Course
2. eËÁÒaÊÁ
oÂÒ¡ÁÕ¤íÒŌҹ¤íÒ ·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁËÁÒÂ´Õ æ æÅaª‹o´o¡äÁŒ·ÁÕè Õ Ê‹§ä»ãˌe¸o
oÂÒ¡¨aÁյٌeÂç¹ ·Õèe¹Œ¹oÒËÒÃ´Õ æ æÅae¡çº¢¹Á·ÕèÁÕ ãʋãˌe¸o
* 测NjÒoaäÃoaäà ¡ç´ÙäÁ‹¾oÊa¡o‹ҧ äÁ‹¾o¡aº¤ÇÒÁÃٌÊึ¡ã¹ã¨©a¹
oaäÃoaäà ¡ç´ÙäÁ‹¾o·a駹aé¹ ¡aº¤íÒNjҩa¹Ãa¡e¸o
a_____________, a_____________, p_____________,
p_____________, d_____________, a_____________,
s_____________, s_____________, d_____________,
_____________ oaäèaeËÁÒaÊÁæÅa´Õ
f_____________, a_____________, r_____________
oÂÒ¡ÁÕÇa¹ÅŒÒ¹Ça¹ ¨aºo¡e¸o·u¡æÇa¹ æÅaoÂÒ¡¨aÂéíÒ·u¡¤íÒ Ç‹ÒÃa¡ («éíÒ *)
3. Ãa¡e¸o·ÕÊè ´u
µaé§æµ‹Ç¹a ·Õè©a¹e¨oe¸o ¡çÃa¡e¸o¨¹»˜¨¨uºa¹¹Õé
¤i´¶ึ§e¸oˋǧã·u¡¹Ò·Õ äÁ‹e¤ÂÁÕ·Õè㨨aˋҧ¡a¹
·u¡ æ ¤ื¹ã¨e¸oÁÕe¾Õ§©a¹ ·u¡ æ Ça¹¨aÁÕ测e¸o¤¹¹Õé
*Ãa¡ãˌe¸o·aé§ËÁ´ ©a¹Ãa¡e¸o·ÕèÊ´u u_____________, a_____________, e_____________,
a_____________, c_____________,
c_____________, d_____________, d_____________
©a¹Ãa¡e¸o·ÕèÊu´ t_____________, w_____________, t_____________
µaé§æµ‹Ç¹a ·Õè©a¹ºo¡e¸o NjÒÃa¡e¸oÁÒ¡ÁÒ¢¹Ò´ä˹
äÁ‹Å´Å§e¾iÁè eµiÁ´ŒÇ«éíÒä» ¶ึ§Âa§ä§¨aÁÕ椋e¾Õ§e¸o
·u¡Ça¹¤ื¹ÁÕe¸oæÅaÁÕ©a¹ ·u¡¤ื¹Ça¹äÁ‹e¤Â¨a¹ŒoÂŧÊa¡·Õ (*,*,*)
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