Vol-II Stonework

STONE WORK
SPECIFICATIONS
91 - 92
\
CONTENTS
Page
LIST OF MANDA TORY TESTS
LIST OF BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
170
7.0
TERMINOLOGY
171
7.1
RANDOM RUBBLE STONE MASONRY
173
7.2
COURSED RUBBLE MASONRY-FIRST
7.3
COURSED RUBBLE MASONRY - SECOND SORT
178
7.4
PLAIN ASHLAR MASONRY
178
7.5
PUNCHED ASHLAR (ORDINARY) MASONRY
181
7.6
MOULDED, SUNK., CARVED ASHLAR MASONRY
181
7.7
STONE VENEERING WORK
182
7.8
STONE CHAJJA
184
7.9
SHELVES, COPING, PLAIN CORNICES STRING COURSES ETC.
184
7.10
STONEJALI
185
7 .11
LATERITE STONE MASONRY
185
7.12
SLATE STONE MASONRY
186
7.13
PRECAST CONCRETE STONE BLOCK MASONRY
186
7.14
HOLLOW AND SOLID CONCRETE BLOCK IvfASONRY
190
Fig. NO.1
177
SORT
194
Stone work
Fig. No.2 to 7 Tenninology
195
Fig. No.8
Random Rubble Masonry
196
Fig. No.9
Coursed Rubble Stone Masonry
197
Fig. No. 10
Ashlar stone masonry
198
Fig. No. 11
Ashlar stone mansory with brick backing
199
Fig. No. 12
Moulded, sunk, carved stone masonry
200
Fig. No.. 13
Arches & Chajjas
201
202
FiRNoJ 14, 15 Stone veneering
Fig. No. 16
General arrangements of cramps
169
& 203
204
..
STONE WORK
List of Bureau of Indian Standard
1122-1974
1124-1974
1126-1974
1125-1974
1128-1974 1974
l. 737-·1986
1129-1972
1123-1975
1121-(Pt.I)
..
..
codes
Specifications for wrought aluminium and·a1umiI1iumalloy. steel and strip
for gencraleni...neering purpose.
MetJ.'1ods for determination of properties and strengt.~s of natural building
. stDnes (part I-compressive strength).
Methods for determination of specific gravity of natural building stones.
Methods of identification of natural building stones.
Methods of test for detennination of water absorption, apparent specific
gravity and porosity of natural buildillg stones.
Methods of test for determination of weathering of natural building stones.
Methods of test for deterrninati0l! of durability of natural building stones.
Specification for Lime stones (slab
Recommendations
& tiles) .
for dressing of natural building stones.
10. 1200 (Pt. IV) 1976 Methods of measurements of building and Civil engineering works-stone
masonry
11. 1597 (Pt. I) 1967
Code of practice for construction of rubble stone masonry
12 .. 1597 (pt. II)-1967
Code of practice for construction of ashlar stone masonry
13. 1805 ~ 1973
Glossary of terms relating to stones. quarrying and dressing
14.2185
- (Pt. 1)-1979 Specifications for concrete masonry units. Hollow and solid concrete blocks
15. 2572-1963
Code of Practice for construction of hollow concrete block masonry
16. 3620-1979
Specification for laterite stone block for masonry
17. 3622 - 1977
Sand stone (slab
18. 4101-(Pt.1)-1967
Code of practice for external facings and veneers (Pait I-stone facing.)
19. 4101-(part 11)-67
Code of practice for external facing and veneers: (part II -Cement concerete
facing).
20. 12440-1988
Specifications for precast concrete stone masonry blocks
& tiles)
170
7.0 Terminology
Cornice
Ashlar
Ahorlzontal moulded projection which crowns
or finishes either a wall, any horizontal division of wall, or any architectural feature (See
Stone masonry using dressed block of given
dimensions having faces perpendicularto each
other and laid in courses
Fig IC.)
.
Cramp
Bed Joint
TIle joint where one stone presses on another
for example, a horizontal joint in a wall or
radiating joint between the voussoirs of arch
(See fig No. and 13)
A small piece of metal or the hardestortoughtest
stone procurable, sunk in mortices and fixed
across joints as additional ties. The ends of
metal cramps are bent at right angles and stone
cramps are dovetailed (See Fig. IE).
Block
Course
a) Hollow (Open and closed cavity) block
A layer of stones in wali including the bed
mortar.
I
A concrete masonry urnt with any; one of the
external dimension greaterthan the corresponding dimension of a brick and having one or .
more large holes or cavities wmch either pass
through the block (open cavity) or do effectively pass through the block (closed cavity)
a.l1dhaving the solid material between 50% and
75% of the total volume of the block calculated
from the overall dimensions.
Dowels
Dowels are small sections of metal, stone or
pebbles bedded with mortar in corresponding
mortice in bed or side joint or adjacent stones
(See fig . 1A)
Jamb
The part of the wall at the side of an opening.
b) Solid Block
Joggle
A concrete masonry unit with external dtmensions greater than corresponding dimension of
a brick and having solid matcrial not less tl1an
75% of the total volume of the blockca1culated
from over all dimension
A key besween.the stones by providing a groove
in one stone to take a corresponding concealed
projection in the edges on the other stone (See
Fig. lB)
Bond
Natural Bed
The planes of stratification
sedimentary rocks.
An interlocking arrangement of structural units
in a wan to ensure stability
that occurs in a
Bond Stone (Through stone)
Parapet
Selected long stone used to hold a wall togehi.er
transversly (see fig.8)
A solid or pierced guatd wall for flat stone
terrace or balcony (or abridge) or a curb wall at
t."'1elower part of a pitched roof which is exposed to atmosphere on face back and top (see
fig 1C)
Corbel
Stone bonded well into the wall with part of it
projecting out of the face of wall to form a
bearing surfaces
Quoin
A quoin is lhe external angle of wall or buUd- .
iIlg. The term Is <uso applied to stone. specially
171
Chisel Drafted Margin
s;,;;}ectedand neatly dressed for fanning slich
ai'1gle.
The dresing done with a drafting chisel in
narrow strips of width generally 2 to 5 em.
Chisel drafted margin shall be punch dressed.
Random
Random or irregular size
&"1(1 shapes.
Hammer Dressed Suiface
A hammer dressed stone shall have no sharp
and inegular comers and shall have a comparatively even surface so as to fit well in masonry.
Hammer dressed stone is also known as hamRubble Masonry
mer raced, quany faced and rustic faced.- The
bushing from the general wallface shall not be
more tha..'140mm on exposed face and IOmm
on faces to be plastered (Fig.2)
Masonry built of stones either incgular in
shapes as quarried or squared and only hammer
- dressed ai1dhaving comparative1 y thick joints.
As far as possible. stones for mbble masonry
shall be anglllar.
Rock Faced Surface
Sloping surface against which the springing of
an arch rests.
A rock faced stone shall have a minimum of
25mm wide chisel drafted margin at the four
edges, aU the edges being in the same plane
(Fig 3).
Spandrel
Rou.gh Tooled Surface
Skewback
Space between the haunches below the decking
level.
String Course
Ahorizontal band, plain or moulded, "Usually
projecting slightly from theface of waB (see fig
IC)
Suifadng
or dressing of stones
The stones are dressed to have different surfaces as indicated ~low.
A rough tooled surface shall have a series of
bands, made by means of a plane chisel 4 to
5cm wide, more or less parallel to tool marks
~all overthe surface. 'These marks may be eit.i.er
horlzontal, vertical or at an angle of 45° as
directed (Eg. 4). The edges and corners shall
..be squ_are and true. The depth or gap between
the surface and stright edge,-held against the
surface shall net be more than 3mm (Rough
tooled stones are used where fairly regular
plane faces are required for masonry work).
Punched Dressed Surface
Template or Bed Block
A rough surface is further dresse~ by means of
punch chisel to show series of parallel ridges.
The depth of gap between the surface and a
straight edge held against the surface shall not
exceed 3mm (Fig. 5). Punched dressed stones
A block of stone or concrete bedded on a wall
to ~stribute the pressure from a concentrated
load.
Self Faced Surfaces
,are used where even surfaces are required.
Surfaces of stone slabs used for roofing flooring, lintels etc. as obtained from quarry.
Close Picked Suiface
A punched stone is further dressed by means of
point chisel so as to obtain a finer surface,
ridges or chisel marks left over being very tiny.
Squared Back Surface
Means the surface shall be dressed back at right
angles to the face of the stone.
172
7.1
RANDOM RUBBLE MASONRY
The depth of gap between the surface and a
straight edge kept over the surface shall not
exceed l.5mm (Fig 6).
7.1.1. Stone: The stone shall be of the type
Fine tooled Surface
specified such as granite, trap, limestone, sand
stone, quartzite, etc; 'and shall be obtained from
the quarries, approved by the Engineer - in Charge. Stone shall be hard, sound, durable
and free from weathering decay and defects
like cavities, cracks, flaws, sand holes, injurious veins, patches ofloose or soft materials and
other similar defects t.iJ.atmay adverseJ.y affect
its strength and appearance. As far as possible
stones shall be of uniform colour, quality or
texture. Generally stony shall not contain crypst
crystalline silica or chart, mica and othr deleterious materials like iron-oxide organic impurities etc.
ClQse picked surface is further dressed so that
all the projections are removed andfairly smooth
surface is obtained. The surfaces shall have 3 to
4 lines per centimetre width depending on the
degree of hardness of stone and degree of
fineness required (Fig 7). This type of dressing .
is commonly adopted for asWar work.
Polished Surface
Surfaces having a high gloss finish. Polishing
of stones shall be done by rubbing them with
suitable abrasive, wetting the surface where
neces,sary with water. Alternatively polishing
of stones shall be done by holding them firmly
on the top of revolving table 'to which some
abrasive material like sand or carborundum is
Stones with round surface shall not be used.
The compressive §trength of common types of
stones shall be as per table I and the percentage
of water absorption shall generally not exceed
5% for stones other than specified in table I.
For laterite tbis percentage is 12%.
'
fed. The final polishing shall be performed by
rubber or felt, using oxide of lime (called by
trade name as putty powder) as a polishing
medium.
Table I
Maximum Water
Minimum
Abosption
percentge by
weight
Compressive
strength kg/sq cm
Granite
0.5
1000
Basalt
0.5
400
& Tiles)
0.15
200
& Tiles)
2.5
300
0.40
500
0.40
800
12
35
Type of stone
Lime stone (Slab
Sand Stone (Slab
Marble
Quartzite
Laterite (Block)
I
.
~
Note: 1 Test for compressive strength shall be carried out as laid down in IS: 1121 (Part I)'~:·i974.
Note: 2 Test for water absorption shall be carried out as laid down in IS: 1124-1974.
173
7.1.2
Size of stones
shall be hammered down with wooden mallet
into the position firmly bedded in mortar,.
Chips or sprawls of stones may be used for
filing of interstices between the adjacent stones
in heartening and these shall not exceed 20% of
the quantity of stone masonry. To form a bond
between successive courses plum stones projecting vertically by about 15 to 20cm shall be
firmly embedded in the hearterring at the interval of about one metre in every course. No
hollow space shall be left any where in the
masonry.
Normally stones used should be small enough
to be lifted and placed by hand. Unless otherwise indicated, the length of stones for stone
masonry shall not exceed three times the height
and the breadth or bas~ shall not be greater than
three fouI1h th~ thickness of wall, or not less
than 15cm. The height of stone may be upto 30
em.
7.1.3
Random Rubble Masonry shaH be
uncoursed or brought to courses as specified
(Fig. 8&9) Uncoursed random rubble masonry
shall be constructed with stones of sizes as
The masonry "'cork in wall shall be carried up
true to plumb or to specified baiter.
referred to in para 7.1.2 and shapes picked up
ra.ndom from the stones brought from the approved quarry. 0tones having sharp comers or
round surfaces shall, however, not be used.
Random rubble masonry shall be brought to
the level courses at plinth, window sills,lintel
<mdroof levels. Levelling shall be done with
concrete comprising of one part of the mortar
as used for masonry and two parts of graded
stone aggregate of 20mm nominal size.
7.1.4
Random rubble masonry brought· to
the course is similar to uncours,ed random
rubble masonry except that the courses arc
roughly levelled at intervals varying from 30cm
to 90cm in hei ght according to the size of
stones used.
7.1.5
masonry in structure shall be carried liniformly. Where the masonry of one part is to be
delayed, the work shall be raked back at an
~mglenot steeper than 45°'
TI1C
Dressing
7.1.8
Each stone shall be hammer dressed on the
face, the sides and the bed. Hammer dressing
shall enable the stones to be laid close to
B.ond or through stones
the thickness of wans,
walls upto 60cm duck
above 60cm thickness.
bond stones overlapping
15cm shall be provided
the v,mll to the back.
neighbouring stones such that the bushing in .
the face shall not project more than 40mm on
the exposed face and 10mm on the face to be
plastered.
7.1.6
Mortar
running right through
shall be provided in
and in case of walls
a set of two or more
each other by atleast
in a line from face of
In case of highly ahsorbent types of stones
(porous lime stone fuid sand stone etc.) single
piece bond stones may give rise to dampness.
For all thicknesses of such walls, a set of two or
mbre bond stoDes overlapping each other by
atleast 15cm shall be provided. Length of each
such bond stone shall not be less thel1 two third
TIle mortar used for joining shall be as specified.
'
7.1.7
Bond Stones
Laying
All stones shaH be wetted before use. Each
stone shall be placed close to the stones already
laid so that the thickness of the mortar joints at
the face is not more than 20mm. Face stones
of the thjc};.ness of tJ.'1cwall.
Vv11erebond stones of suitable lengths are not
available precast cement concrete block of
1:3:6 mix (1 cement: 3 coarse sand: 6 graded
be an'anged suitably to stagger t.'1c vertical joints and long vertical joints shaH be
avoided, Stones for hearting or interior fining
-;haU
174
stone aggregate 20mm nominal size) of cross
section not less than 225 square centimetres
and length equal to the thickness of wall shall
be used in lieu of bond stones. (This shall be
applicable only in masonry below ground level
a,nd where masonry above ground level is
fimilly required to be plastered).
be filled and made good with cement concrete
1:3:6 (1 cement: 3 coarse sand: 6 stone
aggregate 20mm nominal size).
7.1.12 Curing .
smtably with paint as directed by t~e Engineerin-charge;
Masonry work in cement or composite mortar
shall be kept constantly moist on all faces for a
minimum period of seven days. In case of
masonry with fat lime mortar curing shall
commence two days after laying of masonry
and shall continue for atIeast seven days there
after.
7.1.9
7.1.13 Protection
At least one bond stone or a set of bond stones
shall be provided for every 0.5 sqm of the area
of waU surface.- All bond stones shall be marked
Quoin and Jamb Stones
Green work shall be protected from rain by
suitable covering. The work shall also be suitably protected from damage, mortar dropping
and rain during construction ..
The quoin and jamb stones shall be of selected
stones neatly dressed with hat-nmer or chisel to
form the required angle. Quoin stones shall not
be less than 0.01 cum Lfl volume. Height of
quoins aIld jamb stones shall not be less than 15
em. Quoins shall be laid header and stretcher
alternatively.
7.1.10
7.1.14 Measurements
7.1.14.1 The length, height and thickness shall
be measured correct to a em. The thickness of
wall shall be measured at joints excluding the
bushing. Only specified dimensions shall be
allowed; anything extra shall be ignored. The
_quantity shall be calculated in cubic metre
nearest to two places of decimaL
Joints
Stones shall be so laid that aU joints are fully
packed 'with mortar and chips. Face joints shan
not be more than 20mril thick.
The- joints shall be struck flush and fipished .at
the time oflaying when plastering or pointing
is not to be done. For the surfaces to be plastered or pointed, the joints shall be raked to a
.7.1.14.2 The work under the following categories shall be measured separately.
i)
minimum depth of 20mm when ~e mortar is
still green.
7.1.11 Scaffolding
Single scaffolding having one set of vertical
support shall be allowed, The supports shall be
sound and strong, tied together by horizontal
pieces, over which the scaffolding planks shall
be fixed. The inner end of the horizontal scaf_folding member may rest in a hole provided in
the masonry. S~ch holes, however, shall not be
allowed in pillars under one metre in width or
near the skew back of arches. The holes left in
From foundation to plirith level (level
one)
a)
work in or under water and or liquid
mud
b)
work in or under foul positions
ii)
From plinth level (Level one) to floor two
level
iii)
From floor two level to floor three level
<Ll1d so on.
iv) - Stone masonry in parapet shall be measured together with -the corresponding
item in the wan of the storey next below.
masonry work for supporting scaffolding shall
175
7.1.14.3 No deduction shall be made nor extra
payment made for the following.
sured for splaying of jambs, throating .and
making arch to support t:l1eopening.
i)
7.1.14.6 Square or rectangular pillars
ii)
Endsofdissin1ilarmaterials
(that is joists ,
beams, lintels, posts, girders, rafters purlins, trusses, corbels, steps etc.) upto 0.1
sqm in section.
These shall be measured as walls, .but 'extra
payment shall be allowed for stone work in
square or rectangular pillars over the rate for
stone work in walls. Rectangular pillar shall
mean a detached masonry support rectangular
in section, such that its breadth does not exceed
two and a half times the thickness.
Openings each upto 0,1 sqm in area. In
calculating the area of openings, any separate lintels or sills shall be included
,alongwith the size of opening but the end
portions of the lintels shall be excluded
and the extra width of rebated reveals, if
any, shall also be excluded.
7.1.14.7 Circular pillars (Columns)
These shall be measured as per actual dimensions, but extra p~yment shall be allowed for
ston~ work in circular pillars overothe rate for
stone work in walls. The diameter as well as
ill) . Wall plates and bPA plates, and bearing of
cha.ijas and the like, where the thickness
does not exceed lOem and the bearing
does not extend over the full thickness of
the wall.
length shall be measured correct to a em.
7j.14~8Tapered waIls shallbemeasu~dnet,
. as per actual dimensions and paid for as other
walls.
Note ;,The bearing of floor and roof shall
be deducted from wall masonry.
iv)
7.1.14.9 Curved Masonry
Drain holes and recesses for cement concrete blocks to embed hold fasts fordoors,
windows etc. '
v)
Building in masonry, iron fixture, pipes
upto 300mm dia, hold fasts of doors and
windows etc.
vi)
Forming chases in masonry each upto
section of 350 sqcm.
Stone masonry curv~d on plan to a mean radius
exceeding?6 metres shaH be measured and
included with general stone work. Stone work
circular on plan to a mean radius not exceeding
6 mettes' shall be measured separately and shall
include all cuttings and waste and templates. It
shall be measured as the mean length of the
wall.
7.1.15
Masonry (excluding fixing brick work) in chimney breasts with smoke of air flues not exceeding 20 sqdm (0.20 sqm) in sectional area shall
be measured as ~olid and no extra payment
shall be made for pargetting and coring such
flues. Where flues exceed 20sq.dm (0.20 sqm)
sectional area, deduction shall be made for the
same and pargetting and coring flues shall be
measured in running metres stating size of
flues and paid for separately. Aperture for fire
place shall not be deducted and no extra payment made for splaying of jambs and throating. '
Rate
The rate shall include the cost of materials and
labour required for all the operations described
above and shall include the following.;
a)
Raking outjoints'for.plastering
or point.ing done as a separate item, or finishllg
flush as the work proceeds ...
b)
Preparing tops and sides of eXisting walls
for raising an,d extending.
\
c)
7.1.14.5 Apertures for fire places shall not be
deducted and extra labour shall not be mea-
176
Rough cutting and waste for forming
gables cores, skew backs or spandrels of
arches; splays at eaves and all rough
cutting in the body of walling unless
otherwise specified.
d)
and all vertical joints shall be truly vertical. The
height of each course shall not be less than
15cm nor more than 3Ocm.
Bond stones or cement concrete bond
blocks
Face stones shall be laid alternate headers and
e)
Leading and making holes for pipes etc.
st~tchers. No pinning shall be allowed on the
face. No face stone shall be less in breadth than
f)
Bedding and pointing,wall plates, lintels,
sills etc. in or on w~s, bedding roof tiles
and corrugated sheets in or on walls.
g)
Building in'ends of joists, beams, lintels
etc.
its 'height and atleast one third of the stones
shall tail into the work for length not less than
twice their height.
7.2
COURSED RUBBLE MASONRY FIRST SORT (FIG 9)
7.2.1
Stone
The hearting or the interior filling of the wall
shall consist of stones carefully,laid on their
proper beds in mortar; chips and spallsof s~one
being used where necessary to avoid thick beds
of joints of mortar and at the same time ensuring that no hollow spaces are left anywhere in
the masonry. The chips shall not i;>e used below
the hearting stone to bring these upto the level
of face stones. The use of chips shall be restricted to the fillingof interstices between the
adjacent stones in hearting and these shall not
exceed 10% of the quantity of stone masonry.
Shall be as specified in 7.1.1.
7.2.2
Size of stone
Shall be as specified in 7.1.2.
7.2.3
The masonry in a structure shall be carried up
uniformly but where breaks are. unavoidable,
the joints shall be .raked back at angle not
steepert.han 45°. Toothing shall not be allowed.
Dressing
Face stones shall be hammer dressed on all
beds, and joints so as to give them approximately rectangular block shape. These shall be
squared on all joints and beds. The bed joint
shall be rough chisel dressed for atleast 8cm
back from the face, and side jointsJor at least
.4cm such that no portion of the dressed surface
is more than 6mm from a straight edge placed
. on it. The bushiIlg on the face shall not project
mOre than 4cm as an exposed face and one em.
on a face to be plastered. The hammer dressed
•
~
.c
stone shall also h~ve a rough tooling for mini. mum width of 2.5cmalong the four edges. of
the face of the stone, when stone work is
exposed .
7.2.4
Mortar
The mortar for jointing shall be as specified.
",
7.2.5 'Laying
'-
7.2.6
Shall be as specified in 7.1.8 except that a bond
stone or a set of bond stones shall be inserted
1.5 to 1.8 metres apart, in every course.
7.2.7
Quoins
The quoins shall be of tJ1esame'h~ight. as the
, course in which these OCcur.Th~s~ shall be at
least 45cm long and,shall be laid stretchers and
headers alternatively. These shall be laid square,
. on the beds, which shall be rough-chisel dressed
.to a depth of at least JOcm. In case of exposed
'York,. these stones shall have a minimum of
2.5cm wide chisel drafts at four edges, all the
edges being in the saine plane.
·7.2.8' Joints
All stones
shall be wetted before use. The walls
..
Bond Stones
-
All'.bed joints shall be horizontal and all side
joints vertical. All joints shall be fully packed
shall 'be carried up truly plumb or to specified
batter. All courses shall be taid truly horizontal
177,
:>t}
with mortar, face joints shall not be more than
one em thick .
When plastering or pointing is not required to
be done; the joints shall be struck flush and
finished at the time oflaying. Otherwise, joints
shall be raked to a minimum depth of 20mm by
raking tool during the progre8s of work, when
the mortar is still green.
7.2.9
Curing, scaffolding, Measurements and
Rates shall be as specified under 7.1
7.3
7.3.1
COURSED~IJBBLEMASONRYSECOND SORT (FIG 9)
Stone
Shall be- as specified in 7.1.1 ..
7.3.2
Size of Stone
Shall be as specified in 7.1.2.
7.3.3
Dressing
Shall be as specified in 7.2.3. except that no
portion of dressed surface shall exceed lOmm
from a straight edge placed on it.
7.3.4 'Mortar
When plastering or pointing is not required to .
be done, the joints shall be. struck flush and
. finished at the time of laying. Otherwise, the
joints shall be raked to a minimum depth of
20mm by raking tool during progress of worle,
where the mortar is still green.
7.3.8 . Curing, scaffolding, measurement and
Rates
Shall be as specified under 7.1
7.4
Plain Ashlar Masonry (Fig 10)
7.4.1
Stone shall be of the type specified. It
shall be hard, sound, durable and tough, free
from cracks, decay and weathering and defects
like cavities, cracks, flaws, sand holes, veins,
patches of soft or loose materials etc.
Before starting the work, the contractor shall
get the stones approved by Engineer-in-Charge.
7.4.2
Size of Stone
Normally stones used should be small enough
to be lifted and placed by hand. the length of the
stone shall not exceed three times the height
. and tp.ebreadth on base shall not be greater than
three fourth of the thickness of wall nor less
The mortar for jointing shan be as specified.
than 15cm. The height
30cm.
7.3.5
7.4.3
Laying
Shall be as specified in 7.2.5 excepfthat the use
of chips shall not exceed 15% of the quantity of
stone masonry and stone, in each course need
not be of the same height but not more L'1antwo
stones shall be used ~ the height of a course.
7.3.6
Bond Stone, Quoins
Shall be as specified in 7.2.6 and 7'.2.7 respectively.
7.3.7
Joints
All bed joints shall be horizontal and all side
vertical. All joints shall be fully packed with
mortar, face joints shall not be more than 2 cm
thick.
of stone may be upto
Dressing
, Every stone shall be cut to the required size and
shape, so as to be free from waviness and to
give truly vertical and horizontal, joints. In
exPosed masonry, the faces that are to remain
exposed in the final position and the adjoining
faces to a depth of 6mm shall be the fine chisel
dressed so that when checked with 60cm straight
edge, no point varies from it by more than
tmm. The top and bottom faces that are to form
the bed joints shall be chisel dressed so that
variation from 60cm straight edge at no point
exceeds 3mm. Faces which are to fonn the
vertical joints should be chisel dfessed so that
variation at any point with 60cm straight edge
does not exceed 6)]lm. Any vertical face that is
to .come against ba9king of masonry shall be
dressed such that variation from straight edge
does not exceed IOrnm. All angles and edges
that are to remain exposed in the final position
shall be true, square and free from chippings.
from the brick masonry for embedding the
bond stoncin the backng nor any extra payment
shall be made for any extra labour involved in
making holes in brick masonry backing.
A sample of dressed stone shall be prepared for
approval of Engineer - in - Charge. It shall be
kept at the worksite as a sample after being
approved.
When necessary, jib crane or other mechanical
applia .•.•
lces shall be used to hoist the heavy
pieces of stones and place these into correct
positions. care being taken that the comers of
the stone are not damaged. Stone sl1al1 be
covered with gunny bags, before tying chain or
rope is passed over it, and it shall be handlled
carefully. No piece which has been damaged
shall be used in work.
7.4.4
Mortar
The mortar for jointing shall be as specified.
7.4.5
Laying
7.4.6
All stones shall be wetted before placing in
position. These shall be floated on mortar and
bedded properly in position with wooden mallets without the use of chips or under pinning of
any sort.
Bond Stones
Shall be as specified in 7.1:-8
7.4.7
Joints
All joints shall be full of mortar. These shall be
not more than 6mm thick. Face joints shall be
uniform throughout and a unifonn recess of
20rnm depth from face shall be left with the
help of the steel plate during the progress of
work.
The walls and pillars $hall be carried up truly
plumb or battered as shown in dra\ ••.
ings. AU
courses shall be laid truly horizontal and aU
vertical joints shall be truly vertical.
In case of ashlar work without backing of brick
work or coursed rubble masonry, face stone
shall be laid headers and stretchers altrnately
unless otherwise directed. The headers shall be
aranged to come as nearly as possible in the
middle of stretchers above and below. Stone
shall be laid in regular courses of not less then
15cm in height and all the courses shall be of
same height, unless otherwise specified.
7.4.8
Pointing
All exposed joints shall be pointed with mortar
as specified. The pointing when finished shall
be sunk from stone face by 5mm or as specified. The depth of mortar in pointing work shall
not be less than 15mm.
7.4.9
. For ashlar facing with backing of brick work or
coursed rubble masonry (See Fig 11) face stone
shall be laid in alternate courses of headers and
stretchers unless otherwise directed. Face stone
and bond stone course shall be maintained
Curing
Masonry work in cement or composite mortar
shall be kept constantly moist on all faces for a
minimum period of seven days. In case of
masonry wit.~ fat lime mortar, curing shall
commence two days after laying of masonry
and shall continue for atleast seven days thereafter.
throughout. All connected masonry in a structure shall be caried up nearly at one uniform
level throughout, but where breaks ae avoidable, the joint shall be made in good long steps
so as to prevent cracks developing between
new and old work. Bond stone provided in the
masonry shall be payable in the item of Ashlar
masonry. Neither any deduction will be made
7.4.10 Protections
Green work shall be protected from rain by
suitable covering. The work shall also be suitably protected from daniage, mortar dropping
and rain during construction.
179
~
measured as solid and no extra measure/:
7.4.11 Satffolding
ment shall be made for pargetting and
coring such flues. Where flues exceed
0.20 sqm' in, sectional area, deduction
Double scaffolding having two sets of vertical
supports shall be provided. The supports shall
be sOUnd and strong, tied together with horizontal pieces over which scaffolding planks
shall
be
,
. fixed.
shall be made forth~ same andpargetting
and coring flues paid for separately.
7.4.12.2
lars.
704.12 ' MeasQrements
The finished work shall be measured correct to
a centimetre in respect of length, breadth and
Shall be measured and paid for as walls, but
extra payment shall be allowed for such pillars
. and columns over the rate for stone work in
walls.
heigh~. The cubical contents shall be calculated
in cubic metre nearest to two places of deCimal.
704.12.1 No deduction nor fillY extra payment
shill be made for the following:
i)
ii)
Rectangular pillars shall mean a detached masonry support, rectangular in section, SUCh that
its breadth shall not exceed two and half times
the thickness.
Ends of dissiniilarmaterials (that is joists,
beams, lintels, posts, girders, rafters, purlins, trusses, corbels, steps etc.) upto 0.1
sqm in section.
7.4.12.3 Curved Stone Work
Stone work curved on a plan'to a mean radius
exceeding six metres shall be measured net and
included with general stone work. Stone work
circular on a plan to a mean radius not exceed-
~mngs
upto 0.1 sqrn in area. In calcuarea of opening, any separate
~tels or sills shall be included alongwith
~e size of t.'1e operrlng but the end portion
of the lintels shall be excluded and extra
"~':the
ing six me~'Shall
be measured separately
and extra p~~::::;nt shall be allowed and shall
width of rebated ~veals, if any, shall also
be excluded.
inclulit ~,Wttting and waste and templates. It
shall be measured as the mean length of wall.
Wall plates and bed plates and bearing of
chajja and the like, where the thickness
does not exceed lOem and the bearing
does hot extend over the full thickness of
the wall.
7.4.13 Rate
The rate shall include the cost of materials and
labour required f9r all the operations described
above. Stone facing or wall lining uptoand not
exceeding 8cm ~ckness
shall be paid for
under "Stone work for wall lining etc. (Veneer
work)" The stone work of thickness exceeding
8cm shallbe paid under relevant items of work..
Note: The bearing of floor and roof slabs
shall be deducted from wall masonry.
iv)
v)
Square, Rectangular or Circular Pil- '
Drainage holes and recesses left for cc- .
ment concrete blocks to embed hold-fasts
7.5
for doors and windows, building in the
masonry iron fixture and. pipes upto
300mm diameter ..
7.5.1 Stone
ASHLAR
NARY) MASONRY
7.5.2
Size of stone
-Shall be as specified ill 7.4.2
1,
180
(ORDI-
(Fig10)
Shall be as specified in 7.4.1
Stone walling'in chimney breasts, chimney staCks, smoke or air flues not exceed'jngO~;K>sqm in sectional area shall be
'.,
PUNCHED
7.5.3
7.6.2.1 Samplz
Dressing
The full size layout of the moulding etc. shall
be prepared on platform from· which sheet
templates shall be cut and the stone dressed to
templates to a uniform and fine finish. All
visible angles and edge shall be true square and
free from chippings. A sample of dressed stone
shall be prepared for approval and it shall be
kept as sample after being approved by Engineer - in - Charge.
Shall be as specified in 7.4.3 except
that the faces exposed in view shall have a fine
dressed chisel draft 2.5cm wide all round the
edges and shall be rough tooled between the
drafts, such that the dressed surface shall not be
more than 3mm from a straight edge placed
over it.
7.5.4
Other Details
The specifications for mortars, laying and fixing, bond stone, joints, pointing, curing, protections, scaffolding, measurements and rates
shall be same as specified in 7.4.
7~
MOULDED, SUNK,CARVED
ASHLAR MASONRY
7.6.1
In case of ashlar moulded and carved columns
a full size model of the required moulding,
.. carving etc. shall be prepared in plaster of paris
and kept at site of work as sample work after
being approved by the Engineer - in - Charge.
The stones shall be moulded and carved in
(Fig 12)
Stone
accordance with the approved mOdel to a uniform and fine finish.
••
7.6.3
Shall be as specified in 7.4.1
7.6.2
Other details
Shall be as specified in 7.4.4, 7.4.5 and 7.4.7 to
7.4.11.
Dressing
Every stone shall be cut to the required size a.T1d
shape and chisel dressed on all beds and joints
so as to be free from any waviness and to give
perfectly vertical, horizontal, radial or circular
joirits with adjoining stones as the case may be.
The dressed surface shall not be more than
3mm from a straight edge placed on it. The face
shall be gauged, cut, chamfered, grooved, rebated sunk or plain moulded and fine tooled as
shown in the working drawing~. The joints
6mm from the face shall also be fine tooled so
7.6.4
Centring and Shuttering
Centring and shuttering required for arch dome
or circular moulded work shall be constructed
as directed by the Engineer - in - Charge.
7.6.5
Measurements
The dimensions of the circumscribing rectangles of the dressed stone used in the work
shall be measured correct to a cm and cubical
contents shall be calculated in cubic metres,
nearest to two places of decimal.
that straight edge laid along it is in contact with
every point. It shall be finest surface which can
be given to a stone with the chisel and without
rubbing.
7.6.5.1 In case of sunk or moulded work the
measurements for the work: shall be taken
In case of sunk or moulded masonry, the comer
stone shall be dressed at true right angles ortru6
to the -shape as specified. The comers being
straight and vertical.
course by course. The plain stone used in
conjunction with sunk or moulded stone shall
be measured ~d ·paid for under the relevant'
item of stone work.
For arch (See Fig. 13), dome or circular work
(See Fig:12) the stone shall be dressed to
required wedge shape so that joints shall be
truly radial.
7.6.5.2 Sunk or moulded work ill rectangular,
square and circular pillars, moulded cornices
and string courses shall be measured under
stone work sunk or moulded but extra payment
13-4/CPWD/ND/92
181
shall be allowed over the general work in each
case. No such extra payment shall be allowed
for moulded sUing and plinth courses.
7.6.5.3 In case of arch dome or circular moulded work for arches exceeding six metres L'1
clear span extra payment for additional cost of
centring shall be made on the actual area of
so~t including strutting, bolting, wedging,
easing, striping and removal.
7.6.6
Rate
The rate includes the cost of all materials and
labour involved in all the operations described
above, including centring and shuttering for
arch, dome or circular moulded work.
7.7
STONE VENEERING WORK (Fig.
14,15 & 16)
Stone lining upto 8em shall be treated as veneering work and lining of greater thiclu,css as
plain Ashlar Masonry.
7.7.1
Stone
, Shall be as specified in 7.4.1.
copper pins 75mm long and 6mm diameter or
as specified.
7.7.4.2 Further the stones shall be secured to
!:hebacking by means of cramps. The material
for cramps shall have high resistance to corrosion under conditions of dampness and against
the chemical action of mortar or concrete in
• Wlli9h cramps are usually embedded.
Cramps shall be of 25mm x 6mm and 30 em
long in case of backing of stone masonry walls
and brick masonry walls thicker than 23Omm.
In case of backing with brick masonry walls
230 mm or less thick or RCC members, cramps
shall be of 25 x 6 mm and length as per
requirement made out of gun metal or any other
metal specified in para 7.7.4.6. Generally the
outer length of cramp in half brick work back• ing shall be 115mm and in one brick work
backing it shall be 15Omm. Typical shape and
details of cramps for such backing are indicated
in figure No. 15 for general guidance. 'This can
be modified as directed by the Engirieer-inOlarge if so, required at site. Cramps shall be
spaced not more than 60cm apart horizontally.
Alternatively the stone may be secured to the
backing by means of stone dowels lOx5x2.5cm
as per shape indicated in Figure 14 and the
adjoining stone secun~d to each other by means
of gun metal cramps or copper pins of the
specified size. Minimum one cramp/stone
dowel shall be used to f.;.~cureone slab to the
The stone shall be cut into siabs of required
thickness along the planes parallel to the natural bed of stone.
7.7.2
Dressing
Shall be as specified in 7.4.3 except that dressing at the back shall not be done, so as to ensure
better grip with the hearting or backing. The
dressed slabs shall be of the L~i.cknessas specified, with pennissible tolerance of 2mm.
7.7.3
backi.l1.g..
7~7.4.3 Cramps may be attached to its sides
(see Fig 16A, 16B) or top and bottom (see Fig.
16C to F) or sides, top and bottom (see Fig.
16G&H). The minimum number of cramps
required for fixing facing unit to the wall are
illustrated in Fig 16. The actual number of
cramps and their sections, however, shall be as
per requirements of design to carry the loads.
Mortar
Mortar for fixing shall, be as specified
7.7.4
Laying
The stone shall be wetted before laying. They
shall then be fixed with mortar in position
without the use of chips or underpinning of any
sort.
/
7.7.4.4 Where cramps are used to hold the unit
in position only, the facings shall be provided
with a continuous support on which the stones
rest at the ground level and other storey levels,
the support being in the form of projection
, 7.7.4.1 Where so desired, the adjoining stones
. shall be secured to each other by means of
182
,/
I
-
from or recess into the concrete floor slab, or a
beam between the columns or a metal angle
attached to the floor slab or beams. These
If any hollow groundings are detected by taping the face stones, these shall be taken out and
relaid. The thickness of joints shall be as small
as possible, not exceeding 5mm. For a close
butt jointed facing the thickness shall not exceed 1.5mm. The face joints shall be uniform
thrOughout.
supports shall preferably be at vertical intervals
not more than 3.5m apart and also over the
heads of all openings. Such supports shall also
be provided where there is transition from thin
facings below to thick facings above.
Where joint filler or compound is to be used,
the joints shall be raked out to a depth of at least
25mm after the mortar in the joints has set
sufficiently and the filler or compound applied.
The joints may be subsequently finished with
a mortar suited to the appearance of the work.
It is preferable to use joint sealing compounds
where the facings are exposed to heavy rainfall
and winds and their selections would depend
upon local experience and availability of joint
sealing compounds. In their absence only masonry mortars 1:1:6 (1 cement: 1 lime putty:
6 sand) which are proved to be successful from
7.7.4.5 Alternatively cramps may be used to
hold the units in position and in addition to
support the units thus transferring the weight of
the units to the backing. Such cramp should be
properly designed as per IS:4101 (Pt. I) - 1967
7.7.4.6 The cramps may·be of gun metal or
copper Alloyed with zink, tin, nickle, lead and!
or stainless steel.
7.7.4.7 The pins, cramps and dowels shall be
laid in cement mortar 1:2 (1 cement: 2 fine
sand) and their samples got approved by the
Engineer-in-Charge and kept at site.
"local exposure conditions shaY be used.
7.7.6
7.7.4.8 The walls shall be carried up truly
plumb. All courses shall be laid truly horizontal and all vertical joints truly vertical. The
stone shall break joints on the face for atleast
half the height of the course, unless otherwise
shown in the drawings. TIle 'stone shall be laid
in regular courses not less than 20cm height
and all the stones shall be of the same height
unless otherwise specified. No stone shall be
less in length than one and a half times its
height unless otherwise specified.
Specifications for pointing, curing, protections
and scaffolding shall be as specified under 7.4
7.7.7
Measurements
The length and breadth of the" finished work
shall be measured in metre correct to em. The
area should be calculated in sq.metre correct to
two places of decilnal.
The veneering work curved on pl<m shall be
measured as plai.i1 work, but extra payment
shall be allowed for radii not exceeding six
metres on external face. For radii beyond six
metres the work shall be measured as plain "
work only, even the face may have to dressed"
to curve.
7.7.4.9 As far as possible the backing shall be
carried up simultaneously with the face work.
In case of reinfOiced cement concrete backing,
the liningshall be secured to the backing after it
has set and got.cured. The cramps shall be fixed
in concrete at the required positions, while
laying.
7.7.5
Other Details
7.7.8.
Rate
The rate includes the cost of materials and
labour involved in all tbe operations described
above, except for the cost of providing and
fixing pins, dowels and metal cramps and
ledges and supports, which shall be paid for
separately unless otherwise stipulated in the
item of work.
Joints
The joints shall be done with composite cement lime mortar 1:1:6 (1 cement: 1lime putty
: 6 fine sand). All joints shall be full of mortar.
Special care shall be taken to see that the
groundings for veneer work are full of mortar.
183
7.8
,STONECHAJJA (FIG. 13.)
7.8.4
The joints shall be pointed with 1:2 cement
mortar (1cement: 2 stone dust) with an admixture of pigment to match the stone shade; and
properly cured.
7.8.1
Stone _slabs shall be hard, sound and
durable. These shall be chisel dressed on all
faces which are exposed. to view and rough
dressed at other surface. Angles shall be true
and edge lines straight. The finished thickness
shall be as stipulated with permissible tolerance of ± 2mm. ,The length of stone slabs in
chajja shall not be less than 60. cm unless
otherwise specified.
7.8.5
Other Details
Specifications for curing, protections and scaffolding shall be as specified under 7.4.
7.8.6
7.8.2
In case of sloping chajja the stone shall
be sloped as specified. It shall have minimum
bearing of 20cm measured horizontally on the
wall and the'bearing \shall also -be similarly
sloped. Each slab shall have a hole in the centre
of the bearing area through'which the anchoring M.S. holding down bolt shall pass. The
holding down bolts shall be 12 mm diameter ,
and shall be bent at right angles at its lowest end
and burried horizontally for at least 7 em in a
joint 30 cm below the bearing surface. Each
holding down bolt shall be secured at top by
suitable washer and nut.
Measurements
The length and breadth of the finished work
shall be measured correct to a cm. The area of
chajja projecting beyond the wall shall 'be
. calculated in sq m correct to twp places of
decimal.
In case of sloping chajja, the sloping breadth
shall be measured correct to a cm and the area
of chajja projecting beyoIid the wall shall be
calculated in sq m correct to two places 'of
decimal.
7.8.7
Rate
The rare shall include the cost of all materials
The chajjas shall be provided with cove supports, where cove is in brick masonry, it shall
project out from the wall as under:
45 em wide chajja, cove projection
depth of rove 3 courses.
Pointing
and labour involved in all the operations described above. Anchoring the coves, shall be
deemed to be iIilcuded in the rate, only when it
is so stipulated in the description of the item.· /
15 em,
7.9
SHELVES, COPING, PLAIN,
, CORNICES, STRING COURSES
ETC.
60 cm wide chajja" cove projection 20 cm,
depth of cove 4 courses
7.9.1
75 cm wide chajja, cove projection 25 cm,
depth of cove 5 courses.
Stone
Stone shall be of uniform colour and texture
and of the kind as stipulated.
90 em wide chajja, cove projection 30 em,
depth of cove 6 courses.
7.9.2
7.8.3
In case of horizontal chajja, the stone
shall be fixed horizontally with a slight outer
slope of about 1 cm .. It shall have minimum
bearing of 15 cm on the wall. Holding down
bolts shall be provided, only'where so specified.
Dressing
The exposed faces and sides of shelves shall be
chisel dressed such that the dressed surface
shall not be more then -3 mm from a straight
edge placed on it. All visible angles and edges
shall be free from chippings. The surfaces to be
burried in the masonry shall be rough dressed.
184
7.9.3
Laying
thickness. The jali shalibe cut as per pattern
shown on the drawings. All exposed faces shall
be fine tooled to a uniform and smooth fiIlish.
These shall be laid in mortar of specified mix
and fixed as shown in drawing or as directed by
the Engineer-in Charge.
7.9.4
Fixing shall be done with the adjoining woTkin
grooves, rebates etc., as shown in the drawing
or as directed by the Engineer-ill-charge. A
tolerance of ± 2 mm shall be allowed in tbe
specified thickness of the jali.
Other details
Specifications for pointing, curing, protections
and scaffolding shall be as specified under 7.4:
7 :9.5
7.10.3
Measurements
Measurements
7.9.5.1 Shelves
The length and breadth shall be measured
inclusive of bearings correct to a em. The
thickness shall be as specified with permissible
tolerance of + 2 mm. The area shall be calcu-
in square metres nearest to two places of decimal.
7.10.4
lated in sqm correct to two places of decimal.
7.9.5.2 Copings
,
The length and breadth ofth~ stone fOrmlng the
jali including its borders shall be measured
correct to a cm and the area shall be calculated
Rate- Itincludes the cost oflabour and
materials required for all the operations desribed
above. It also includes the cost of making
grooves or rebates in the adjoining work for
fixing jali.
.
The dimensions of the circumscribing rectangles of the dress~ stones as used in work
shall be measured correct to a cm. The cubical
contents shall be calculated correct to' two
7.11
LATERITE
7.11.1
Dressing
STONE MASONRY
places of decimal in cu m.
Laterite stones shall be hammer dressed into
7.9.5.3 Plain Cornices, String Courses and
Plinth Courses
The length, breadth and depth of the stone
.including bearing shall be measured correct to
a em. The cubical contents shall be calculated
correct to two places of decimal in cu m.
rectangular blocks so that all faces are free from
waviness and uneveness, and the edges are true
and square. The least thickncss/breadth shall
be not less than height. The· length shall generally be equal to twice the breadth, unless other-.
wise specified.
7.9.5.4 No deduction shall be made from the
7.11.2
masonry of wall forthe bearing of stone shelves,
cornices, string courses.
7.9.6
Laying
The dressed stones shall be laid i? regular
courses of not less than 15 cm h~ight. All
courses in the masonry shall be of the same
height unless otherwise directed. The stones
shall be laid in alternate header stretcher fash-
Rate
The rate shall include the cost of all materials
and labour required in all the operations described above.
7.10
STONE JALI
7.10.1
Stone Shall be as specified in 7.4.1
ion, alaemative coursesofheader and stretchers
orin any other suitable fashion as directed. The
vertical joints shall break by atleast 65 mm. No
specific comer stones are necessary. Quoin
may be provided. where so indicated.
7.10.2
Dressing and Fixing
7.11.3
Joints
All be~joints shall be truly vertical, the thicknes~ of joints shall not exceed .15 mm. Each
The stone shall be. cut into slabs of required
thickness so as to make jali of the specified
185
stone shall be carefully laid in plac~ with joints
completely filled with mortar. On faces, where
no plastering or pointing is required to be done,
the joints shall be struck flush as the work
proceeds. In other cases, joints shall be raked
square to a minimum depth of 15 mm by a
racking tool during the progress of work while
the mortar is still green.
Block Density - The density calculated by
dividing the mass of a block by the over all
volume including holes or cavaties.
7.11.4
Concrete Stone Masonry Block: A precast
cement concrete solid block having stone spalls
in it (25-30 percent of block volume) and
cement concrete withdense stone aggregate
and sand. It is 100% solid
Stone Spalls
Broken stone pieces of varying sizes obtained
by breaking the natural river boulders or quarry
stones.
Scaffolding, curing and protection
Same as in para 7.4 shall apply.
7.11.5
Measurement
& Rates
Same as in para 7.4 shall apply.
7.12
Stone Face Exposed Block: A concrete stone
masonry block where the stone spalls are exposed at one of'its face. The face, when forms
the exposed wall fac<;the wall gets the texture
of stone su~ace exposed.
~
SLA TE STONE-MASONRY
..,
Slate stone shall be obtained from the approved
quarry, as indicated, and shall not be less than
5 cm thick, Slate stones shall be carefully
hanlmered down into place with woOden mallet and firmly bedded with mortar. Chips and
spalls shall be wedged in to avoid thick bed
joints of the mortar. Spalls and pinnings may
show on face. Thickness ofmortarin.beds and
7.13.1
7.12.1 Slate stone masonry shall be built
uncoursed. Walls shall be levelled up at the top
of plinth, sill and lintel level of openings and at
top with minimum amount of chips and spalls.
For walls upto 45cm thick, 25% of face area
shall be of bOndstones. For walls over 45 cm
thick, 10% offace area'shall be of bond stones,
Quoin and jambs stones shall be laid headers
and stretchers alternatively.
Scaffolding, Curing
The nominal dimensions of concrete stone
masonry block shall be as follows:-
Measurement
7.13.0
Terminology
Height
150 iI\.mand
Width
100, 150
& 200 mm
designed that taking account of the thickriess of
mortar joints, they will produce wall lengths
and heights which will conform to the prin~
ciples of modular coordination.
These shall be as specified in 7.4.
PRECAST CONCRETE
BLOCKS MASONRY
300 mm
The nominal dimensions of the units are so
& Rate
7.13
Length
In a4dition, block shall be manufactured in one
third, half, two thirds and three quarters of its
full length.
& Protection
These shall be as specified in 7.4
7.12.3
and Tolerances
Concrete stone masonry block is a solid block
and shall be referred to by its nominal dim!(nsions. The term 'nominal' means that the dimension includes the thickness of the mortar
joint. Actual dimensions shall be 10 mm short
of the nominal dimensions.
joints shall not exceed 25 mm. No face work
shall be provided.
7.12.2
Dimensions
STONE
Blocks of other nominal dimensions may also
be made if so directed by the Engineer-incharge
For the purpose of this standard, the following
definitions shall apply.
186
of the Engineer-in Charge: IS 2fJ9-1989. 4551989, 1489-1991. 6909-1990, 8041 ..1990,
8043-1991.
7.13.2 For accomodating vertical, reinforcement required in earthquake resistant construction, special block of half width and with semi
circular r~cess in it (see fig. below) shall be
used. These 'dimeJ}sions are suitable for 200
mm thick wall. Similar blocks shall be·made
7.13.7.2 When cem~nt conforming to IS:2691989 is used, replacement of cement by fly ash
confonning to 15:3812-1981 may be permitted
up to a limit of 20%. However, it shall be
ensured that blending of flyash with cement is
as intimate as possible, to achieve maximum
uniformity .
d·?77
for walls of thiC~I!!"~
'2""-4QO nun.
~~
7.13.7.3
Stone spans
The stone spalls shall be of size ranging from
50 to 250 mm in dimension. The stone spills
shall be hard, sound, round in shape, durable,
free from decay (hid weathering. These shall
not be flaky. The spalls shall have rough surface for better bond with cement concrete.
-\*-~----7'I-
.
All dirnensjons in millimeters
e&.Oc. •••
lIIo~ GMIHlj)PIIIoolG.
V£,~'t'I"'AL. ':;1'4/;.a..
Good quality stones, such as granite, sand
stone and basalt shall be used. Slate shale or
~"ec;.I)\L.
7.13.3 'lhe maxjmum variation in the length
of the units shall not be more than ± 5 mm and
maximum variation inheight and width of units
more than ±3 mm.
any other soft and flaky stone shall not be used.
The spalls shall be obtained from approved
quarry or by breaking river boulder. Large size
shall be broken into the required sizes and shall
be stacked into two categories.
7.13.4 Subject to the tolerances specified in
7.13.3 the faces of blocks shall be flat and
rectangular, opposite faces shall be parallel,
and all arises shall be square~ The bedding
smfaces shall be at right angles to the faces of
the blocks.
a)
100 mm and above, and
b)
Below 100 mm.
7.1:'.7.4
Aggregates
The aggregates used in the manufacture of
block shall be clean and free from all deleteri ..
7.13.4 Blocks with Special faces
ous matter, and shall conform to the requirements ofIS:383-1970.
Blocks with special faces .shall be manufactured and supplied as specified in the item or
agreement.
Maximum size of the coarse aggregate shall be
10 mm. Sand used in the manufacture of blocks
shall be well graded, clean and free from deleterious matter, and shall conform to the re-
·7.13.6 Classification
Concrete stone masonry blocks shall be classified according to their average compressive
strength as given in Table 2.
quirements of IS: 383-1970. Besides it shall
have fine particles 15 to 20% paSSlI'lg 300
micron IS Sieve and 5 to 15% passing 150
micron IS Sieve.
7.13.7 Materials
It is recommended that the fineness modulus of
7.13.7.1 Cement
the combined aggregate shall be between 3.6
and 4.
Cement complying with any of the following
Indian Standards may be used at the discretion
187
..
7.1307.5 Flayash conforming to IS : 38121981 may be used for part replacement of fine
aggregate upto a limit of 20%.
order to vibrate and compact the concrete under
pressure.
7.13.9.4 Mixing
7.13.8 Manufacture
Blocks may be manufactured either
~1ruction site or in factory on a central
platform using steel moulds with or
surface vibration for compaction of
concrete.
Concrete shall normally be mixed in a mechanical mixer unless otherwise permitted by
Engineer-in-charge. In case of hand mixing
10% extra cement shall be used without any
extra payment.
at concasting
without
cement
7.13.8.1 Mould
Mixing shall be continued until·· there is a
uniform distribution of the materials, and the
mass is uniform in colour and consistency.
Moulds shall be fablicated using mild steel
plates and mild steel angles for stiffening the
plates .
7.13.10 Placing and Compaction
. Depending upon the size of the stone spalls,
these shall be used either in one layer or in two
layers. When used in· two layers, large size
spalls of 100 mm and above shall be placed in
the bottom and concrete poured all around and
at top, and shall be tamped manually. Second
layer of stone spalls of size 50 mm and above
shall be placed over the first layer, and again
concrete is poured all around and upto 20 to 30
mm above the top level of mould.
•
The mould shall pc either fixed type (box with
four side walls fixed at corners, and top and
bottom open) or split type.
Split type may be either individual or gang
mould. Where the compaction of the concrete
is done manually, the mould may be either
fixed type or split type. When the compaction
of the blocks is done with surface vibrator, the
mould shall be only split type (individual· or
gang mould).
7.13.10.1 Depending upon the size of block
the average volume of stone spalls used should
generally be between 25 to 30%. However, in
no block, it shall be less than 20% of the
volume of block.
7.13.9 Mix
7.13.9.1 The cement concrete mix for concrete
stone masonry blocks shall not be richer than
one part by volume of cement to 9 parts by
volume of combined fine and coarse aggregates, and shall not be leaner than one part by
volume of cement to 13 parts by volume of
combined fine and coarse aggregates.
7.13.10.2 Each stone spall shall have a minimum space of about 15 to 20 mm around it. For
blocks with exposed stone texture, the stone
spalls shall touch the surface of the mould.
7.13.10.3 Blocks may be compacted manually
as well as mech.anically. In case of-manual
compaction, the concrete ·laid after the first
layer of stone spalls shall be. tamped with
mason's tOOland again it shall be tamped with
suitable tampers and compacted from top and
finally struck off level with trowel.
7.13.9.2 In case of blocks where compaction
is done manually, concrete mix of medium
consistency (10-12 mm slump) shall be used in
order to enable proper compaction
and
demoulding. The consistency of the mix should
be such that it may cohere when compressed in
the hand without free water being visible ..
In case of mechanical "compaction, the mould
shall be filled up to overflow, vibrated aM·
mechanically tamped using external vibrator
and struck off level.
7.13.9.3 In case of blocks where compaction is
done by external vibrator, concrete mix ofvery
low consistency (zero slump) shall be used in
188
7.13.12.1 General
7.13.10.4 Demoulding shall be done 5 to 10 .
minutes after compaction. In case of fixed type
mould it shall be pulled up with side handles
while pressing down the block with the plate at
top with thumb., In case of splittype mould, the
sides shall be removed first and the partition
plates (gang mould) shall be pulled up subse •.
quently.
All blocks shall be sound and free from cracks
or other defects which may interfere with the
proper placing of the unit or impair the strength
or performance of the construction.
7.13.12.2
Where blocks are to be used in
exposed wall construction,the
face or faces
that are to be exposed shall be free of chips,
cracks or other imperfections, except that not
more than 5% of a consigment coptains slight
cracks or small chipping.
7.13.10.5 After demoulding, the blocks shall
be protected until they are sufficiently hardened to permit handling without damage.
7.13.11.. Curing
7.13.12.3
Dimensions
The blocks hardened shall then be· cured in a
The overall dimensions
curing water tank or in a curing yard and shall
be kept continuously moist for atleast 14 days.
measured as given in Appendix A ~fIS 124401988 shall be in accordance with 7.13.1 subject
to the tolerance mentioned therein.
7.13.11.1 Drying
7.13.12.4 Compressive strength
After curing, the blocks shall be dried for a
period of two to four weeks depending upon
weather before beihg· used on ~e work. The
blocks shall be allowed to complete their initial
_shrinkage before they are laid in a wall.
7.13.12
of the blocks· when
The minimum compressive strength at 28 day~,
being the average of eight blocks, and the
minimum compressive strength at 28 days of
individual blocks, when tested in the manner
described in Appendix B, of IS:12440-1988,
shall be as prescribed in Table 2.
Physic~lIRequirements
TABLE 2
COMPRESSIVE
STRENGTH OF CONCRETE STONE MASONRY BLOCKS
Class .
Designation
Minimum average
compressive strength
on blocks N/mm2
Minimum strength
of individual blocks
N/mm2
5
5.0
3.5
6
6.0
4.2
7
7.0
5.0
9
9.0
6.3
10
10.0
7.5
*
For 100 mm wide blocks (for 100 mm thick walls),
the minimum strength may be 3.5 N/mm2
189
7.13.12.5 Water absorption
.crete blocks except with regard to the mix of
cement concrets and sizes of aggregates which
shall be as indicated. Hollow blocks shall be
sound, free from cracks, broken edges, honey
combing and other defects that would interfere
with the proper placing of block or impair the
strength or performance of construction.
The water absorption beLrlgthe average of three
blocks, when determined in the manner prescribed in Appendix C, ofIS 12440-1988 shall
be not more than 6% by mass.
7.13.13
Tests
7.~_i.3.i3•.J Tests as c.fcsc.l~bcd .in ~ppel-"]dix
7':.14.2
A
Ons 12440·:1988 shall be conducted on samples
of blocks selectetl according to the sampling
procedure given in 7.13. ~3.2 to ensureconformity with the physical requirements laid down
in 7.13.12.
Criteria
7.13.14.1
Concrete masonry building units
shall be made in sizes and shapes to fitdifferent
construction needs. They include sttetcher,
comer, double comer or pier, jamb,header,
bull nose, and partition block, and concrete
floor units.
7.14.2.2
Concrete Block-hollow (open or
closed cavity) or solid shaH be referred to by its
nominal diminsions.
for Conformity.
The nominal dimensions
shall be, as follows:
The lot shall be considered as
conforming to the requirements of the specification if the cOhditions mentioned in 7.13.14.2.,
7.13 .14.3 are satisfied.
7.13.14.2 The number of blocks with dimenSiOI).8' outside the tolerance limit and/or with
visual defects, among those inspected shall be
not more than two.
of concrete block
Length
400,500 or 600 mm
Height
200 or 100 mm
Width
50,75,100, 150, 200, 2500r300mm
In additiQn, block shall be manufactured in half
lengths of200, 250 or 300 mm to correspond to
the full lengths.
7.13.14.3 For compressive strength, the mean
value determined shall be greater than or equal
to the minimum limit specified in 7.13.12.4.
The maximum variation in the length of the'
units shall be not more than ±5mm and maximum variation in height and width of unit, not
more than ±3mm.
7.13.14.4 For water absorption the mean value
detennined shall be equal to or less than maximum limit specified in 7.13.12.5.
. 7.13.15 Laying
&- Tal-crance",
7.14.2.1
7.13.13.2 A sample of 15 blocks shallbe taken
from a lot of 5000. or part there of manufactured under similar conditions, of the same size
and batch.
7.13.1'4
Dhnenslons
7.14.3. Classification
..,
7.14.3.1. Hollow (open and closed cavity)
Concrete Blocks.
The laying of precast concrete stone block
masonry shall be as per para 7.14.6.
i
7.14.0 Hollow and solid concrete block ma-
The hollow (open and closed cavity) concrete
blocks shall conform to the following three
grades.
sonry
,
7.14.1
Hollow and soild concrete blocks-
(a)
Shall conform to the requirements ofIS: 21851979. Specification for hollow and solid con-
190
Grade' A 'These are used as load bearing
units and /shall have a minimum blockdensity of 1500 kg/m3. These shall be
manufactured forminimum average com-
~trength of 1.5 N/mm2 at 28 days (see
Tabel 3).
pressive strengths of3.5, 4.5, 5.5 and 7.0
N/mm2 respectively at 28 days(see table
3)
(d)
(b)
Grade 'B' -These· are also used as load
bearing units and shall have a block density less than 1500 kg/m 3 but notless than
lOOOkg/m3•These shall be manufactured
for minimum, average compressive
strengths of 2.0, 3.0 and 5.0 N/mm2 respectively at 28 days (See table-3)
Grade' D' - The solid concrete blocks are
used as load bearing units and shall have
a block density not less than 1800 kg/m3•
These shall be manufactured for minimum average compressive strengths of
4.0 and 5.0 N/mm2 respectively (see
Table3)
7.14.4 Physical Requirements
(c)
Grade 'C'- These are used as non-load
bearing units and shall have a block density less than 1500 kg/m3 but not less
than 1000 kg/m3• These shall be manufactured for minimum average compressive
, 7.14.4.1 Compressive strength '- The average
crushing strength of eight blocks, when
deteminbd in accordance with IS 2185-1979
shall be not less than as specified:in table given
below:
Table 3
Physical Requirements
.
I
Not less than
1800D
4.0
Net
less
than
5.0
1.5
1.2
3.0
5.0
2.0
22.8
.4
Grade
M
Minimum
Individual
3.5
Not
4.5
5.6
.6
5.5
1500
3Strength
.2
4.0
less
that
1500
but
not
1inmum
Units
1000
4.4
7.0 than
N/mm2
N{mm2
C
(1.5)
. less than
than
1000
Density
(2)
of
(4)
Average
of less
A
(7.0)
(4.5)
(4.0)
(5.0)
(3)
Type
A(5.5)
but
not
(5)
units
Solid load
191
mined in the manner described in IS : 2185-
7.11.4.2 Drying Shrinkage- The drying shrinkage of the blocks (average of three blocks),
when unrestrained, shall be detennined in accordance with IS : 2185 -1979 and shall not be
1979 shall be not more than 10 percent by
mass.
7.14.4.5 Face shells and webs shall increase in .
exceed 0.1 percent
7.14.4.3
thickness from the bottom to the top of the unit.
Depending upon the core moulds used, the face
shells and webs shall be flared and tapered or
straight tapered, t.~e fonner providing a wider
surface for mortar. The thickness of the face
shell and web shell be not less than the values
Moisture Movement: The moisture
movement (average of three blocks), when
determined in the manner described in IS 21851979, shall not exceed 0.09 percent.
7.14.4.4 Water Absorption~ 1,'hewater absorption (average of three blocks), when deter-
(3)
.
Thickness
of
35
30
38
30
30
. shell
25
25
25
Face
Total
Web
Web,
Min.·per
25.
Thickness,
Thickness
(2)
(4)
given in Table below,
TABLE
4 in any
Course
200mm length
Walling
Min. of
ACE SHELL AND WEB THICKNESS
k
\
7.14.4.6: Subject to the tolerances specified in
7.14.2.2 and the provisions of 7.14.4.7. The
face of masonry units shall be flat and rectangular, opposite face shall be parallel, and all
arises shall be square. The bedding surfaces
shall be at right angles to the faces of the
blocks.
ously moist for iltleast 14 days. When the
blocks are cured. in an immersion tank, the
water of the tank shall be changed at least every
four days.
7.14.5
7.14.6
After curing, the blocks shall be dried in shade
before being used on the work. They shall be
stacked with voids horizontal to facilitate
through passage of air. The blocks shall be
7.14.4.7 Blocks with special faces shall be
manufactured and supplied as dire~~~d bYJl1.e/ - -- allowed to complete thei~, initial shrinkage
Engineer-in-charge.
before they are laid in wall.
Curing and drying
The blocks shall be cured in an immersion tank
Construction
of lVIasonry-
For single storeyed buildings, the hollows of
blocks in foundation and basement masonry
or in a curing yard and shall be kept continu-
192
roof course shall be finished smooth with a
layer of cement and coarse sand mortar 1:3,
lOmm thick and covered with a thick coat of
white wash or crude oil, to ensure free movement of slab.
shall be filled up with sand and only the top
foundation course shall be of solid blocks. But
for two or more storeyed buildings, solid concrete blocks shall be used in foundation courses,
plinth, and basement walls, unless otherwise
indicated. If hollow blocks are used, their hollows shall be filled up with cement concrete
" 1:3:6 using 12.5mm nominal size,aggregates.
7.14.11 Intersecting
walls
When two walls meet or intersect and the
courses are to be laid up at me same time, a true
masonry bond between at least 50% of the units
at the intersection is necessary. When such
inrersecting walls are laid up separately, pocke~s\¥ith 20mm maximum vertical spacing shall
be left in the first wall laid. The corresponding
c.Gcrse of the 'second wall shall be built into
these pockets.
7.14.7 Wettillg of Blocks
Blocks need not be wetted befon~ cr du,ring
laying in the walls. In case the climate wt!i"~~"
tions so require, the top and the sides of the
blocks may only be slightly moistened so as to
prevent absorption of water from the mortar
and ensure the development of the required
. bond with the mortar.
7.14.12 Ki~~'§;
1
7.14.8 Laying
The top course ofbioc!dn the pier shall be built
in solid blocks. Hollow ~oncrete block shall
not be usoo for isolated piers, unless their
hollows are specified to be filled with cement
concrete.
Blocks shall be laid in mortar, as indicated and
thoroughly bedded in mortar, spread over the
entire top surface of the previous course of
blocks to a uniform layerofnotless than 1(hTlm
and not more than 12mm in thickD.ess.
7.14.13 Fixtures, fittings, etc. shall be built
into the masonry in cement and coarse sand
mortar 1:3 while laying the blocks where possible. Hold fasts shall be built into the joints of
the masonry durIng laying.
All courses shall be'laid truly'horizontal and all
vertical joints made truly vertical. Blocks shall
break joints with those above and below fornot
less than quarter of their length. Precast half
length closers (and not cut from full size blocks)
shall be used. For battered faces, bedding shall
be at rightangles to the face unless otherwise
directed. Care shall be taken during construction to see that edges of blocks are not damaged.
7.14.9 Provisions
frames
Holes, chases, sleeves, openin,gs, etc of the
required size and shape shall be formed in the
masonry with special blocks while laying, for
fixing pipes, service lines, passage of water etc.
After service lines, pipes etc are fixed, voids
left, if any, shall be filled up with cement
concrete 1:3:6(1 cement 3 coarse sand: 6 stone
aggregate 20mm nominal size) and neatly finished.
for door and window
A course of solid concrete block masonry shall
be provided under door and window openings
(or a 10em thick precast concrete sill block
under windows). The solid course shall extend
for at least 20cm beyond the opening on either'
side. For jambs of very large doors and windows either solid units are used, or the hollow's
shall be filled in with concrete of mix 1:3:6
using 12.5 mm nominal size aggregates.
7.14.14 Finishes
Rendering shall not be done to the walls when
walls are wet. Joints for plastering or pointing
as specifieo shall be raked to a depth of 12 mm.
Joints on internal faces, unless otl1erwise indicated, shall be raked for plastering, If the
internal faces of masonry are not to be plastered
the joints shall be finished flush as the work
proceeds or pointed flush where so indicated.
7.14.10 Provisions for Roof
The course immediately below the roof slab
shall be built with solid blocks: The top of the
193
STONE·
WORK
CHAPTER
-STONE
CLAUSE - 7.02
FIG.1
OOWEL JOINT
COPING
"""1>0"
JOC.Cl
(
©
JOGGLE JOIN'!
SECTION OF ASHLAR
WITH BRICK 8ACKING
194
filLL
WORK
STONE
WORK
TERMINOLOGY
CHAPTER
-S TONE
CL AUSE
- 7, 02
F I GU R E
-' 2 TO 7.
WORK
o
FIG.2
HAMMER
DRESSED
'STONE
FIG.3
SURFACE
o
-1----·--.-1
0
=====
I
-\
==-=====--
-==--=.
J
-=========-=
FIG.S
l.
ROUGH
TOOLED
S TONE
F\G.7
SURFACE
FI N E
TOOLED
STONE
SURFACE
o
i~]~~{:{~)tt~iI~
'.~.-:~'~
..~,:
..'.0
PUNCHED
STONE
(Chisel
FIG.6
STONE,
195
FACED
o
•••
FIG.
ROCK
I
••••
1
"
,
CLO SED
••• ""
('.,"
FACE
.'
••.••
PICKED
5 URFACE
SURFACE
drafted)
,
S TONE
SURFACE
RANDOM
RUBBLE
MASONRY
CHAPTER - 5 TONE WaR K
CLAUSE
- 7.1
FIGURE
SECT ION
ELEVATION
Drawing
not to scale.
All dimensions
are in mm. 1196
-
8.
RUBBLE
STONE MASONRY'~ COURSED
CHAPTER - STONE WORK
,f" tl!.'
iI<:E
0 7. 3
\..
",~~~
_ - 7"')
,.c:. a.
FIG.9
--
FIRST
SECOND
SORT
SORT
\'<'".:t!.
ELEVAT! ON
/
-'
i.
COURSE
EVEN
197
14:-4/CPWDIND/92
"VI-;}
,...80"ID OR THROUGH STONItS
, '500 .TO ,~OO "PI\RT(C.LI':A.':t
C, HIP:;
"-'OT , ••
1LC;ISO
10
OF ."..,
!1IVAM'TI'T~
OF STONF'. M"S.OMAy
EVEN
.lvINr.5 1'0 'OE
NOY,"'ORE
COURSE
AN 2.0,
)
·ASHLAR
MASONRY
,
CHAPTER - STONE WORK
CLAU5E
FIGURE
PlAIN
PUNCHED
•
- 7·4
- 10.
&7· 5
( OR DINARY )
A
..
. ~".-"
'.:.:'::-::,
'.'!.', ':111::
ELEVATION
'-Face joints to
be not mor e
than 5mm thick
ELEVATION
Bond-or through stone."
1500 t01800 apart clear
ODD
COURSE
11J:~.:lIh'i,' :,\:.'lit:!, III'."
,', :':,~
,
-
{Bond
through
1500 cr
to 18CD
apartstene
clear
ODD
COURSE
.'
EVEN
COURSE
EVEN
Drawing
not to scale,
All dimensions are in mm.
198
COURSE
ASHLAR,
"
(WI
TH
STONE
8 Ri CK
BACKiNG
I\
CHAPTER
F!GUHE
- 5 TOlolE
-
WOf!(K
11.
5 t on e
ELEVA
SEC nON
liON
/- mar tar
EVEN
COURSE
~--
ODD
Drawing
not
COUR S E
to scale.
/~.II dim ~nsions
or e in mm.
199
MOULDEDJSUNK1CARVED-STONE
WORK
CHAPT ER - STONE WORK
CLAUSE
- 7,6'
:t 12.
FIGURE
DOME
COLUMN
Stone work
in ashl ar
Expose d
and
Q mm
specia
mouldedIIy
carved
faces........,.
si d ~ j?ints
from face!
shall be
tooled
'f
8.
Stone work
in do me
"
ine
PI ain ashlar
stone work in
col u m n
Ston e work "
ashl a r plain,
moulded &,
carved column
Sunk or .moulded
5 too e w.o.rk
.
ciircular
pillar s In
(columns)
.
y
EL EVA T ION
PF
DOME
WITH
FINIAL
ELEVATION
OF A
COLUMN
-Backing
Pia in
ashlar
B
~
SECTIONAL
¥
L
PLAN
OF
A
WALL
WITH
A
PROJECTION
.
.....1/ Plohi ashlar
Sunk
MOULDED
B
~
SECTION 'OF A
B
-+-~'
•
WA L L
0.-
Note:-
Dr~wing
not
SUNK
SECTION AL
PLAN
A
PILLAR
PORCH
work
OF
Sunk or moulded
stone work
sh ow n sha d ed I to b,e measur.d
as
Ixbxh
to seal e .
( .~..,
200
STONE WORK
IN ARCHES
&
CHAJJA
-
CHAPTER
-S TONE
CLAUSEFIGURE
-13.
WORK
7·S .&7·8
---Springing
--- Skewback
SPAN
CIRCULAR
ARCH
'\\\
Anchoring bolt
~
12 mm
~x-I>-~/Y \
, ~iangular
~
~.~. washer
Stone
c h a jja
SPAN
-. 6I;PJ~IN~S
~
reave
1 & coursesdepth
-¥OO
- Brick
_f-.-_600
Plaster
FLAT
OrQwi ng . not
ARCH
GHAJJA
to seal e.
All dimensions are in mm.
201
~
wark
STONE
VENEERJN
G
CH-APTE R STONE WORK
'L
..
, ..
ClAUSEI
..
. ,
C
FIG.14
1"J-r- I rL 1,-
/,
- J
7.7&7.1.4.2
J
~,
.~
1\
,
.. .
\:!IRICK
BACKIWG
':r.C)\.JMETAL
,.~" ·"t..-IP (400
.
....'50""t<1 TI!1_C,kI:Ca~f'
~T6t-1O:''''UUaf!:
AI~I
-
"
I_O/'iG I-lOT..,ORE.
'
··'~P.N GOO
'\PART-
~
"
pi!'!
ER
.SEC110NAL PLAN
SECTIONAL PLAN
. Gl'N METAL
STOIJE
DowEL
~RAMP
c
Gut-! METAL
, CRAMp
"
~cTioNAL
ELEVATION AT
SECTIONAL ELEV~'ON
'P.Q',
t
STOWE.
AT·R.S:
t;>OW~L
C ••.•
N ME-TA\..
CRAM P
STOIJE
-
.•••E.NE.ER
50 THICK
SECT10N
ENlARGED DETAIL! AT it'
AT 'X,v."
'.'. .' ,
,,
' .
,.
,.
.••.•.••
• '.','
P*
RtTlONAlPlAN
~
...
:-,s
.------~----._-
PART
"
,
.15
300 LONG GUN METAL
','r',is2'
.' ',12
"
..
"
' s.
10/11 ••
G
~IS
FIXING
/
,/
../"'"
y2$
,r
~
2TK
CRAMP
202
'.'
IPSI
165 ~ONG GUN METAL
CRAM P
'GENERAL
.
,.'"
~.'.',',',',',','"
,
1<
2S
.
,.
. ,"
100
. ,/~
"'-x~'s
T
"
PART SEC. ELEVATfON AT'C'
r
-Ld
.
~
SEC. ELEYATfON AT A
~ZS~
.•
,
•-K6,
.
/~2S
,.
, "
,.,
PART SECTIONAL PLAN AT'C'
AT'A
~•....
-
,
"
ARRANGEMENT
s0'i STONE
DOWEL
'
..•
'iENEER
STO" •
STONE
TYPICAL
VENEERING
FIXING
- STONE WORK
CLAUSE -7.7.4-,2 & 7.7.ltr. 5
CHAPTER
ARRANGEMENT
FIG.15
,__ '
.
_-,-,~-Oj
PLAJ
~--
l
h
E LEVATrONl
L - II S M!-II rOM HAl.l"
L - \'50 M'"'I ,,"oR ~ULL
SRI
~lr:i
J.-
i
i~
PLAN
ti
••
(i;
,
-
-1>+
o
C.K BACKING
I~AC.K"JG
,nHCI(-l
~COI'<IM
---'
:t"i ~"'I~AL
l_LH~
SAS~t)()'"
USED.
•
- -
4-
FRONT EL EVATION
SIDE ELEVATION
8ACK~NG
FIG.IS 8 CRAMP FOR R.C.C.
WORK BAC,KING
CORROSIV,\'.
, ••.I.H
DASH
I'"ASTENER
WAS~;;'R
It-\CLUD'>-IG
'v-.
,.' ~ 0 L," 0 F' M I \-I. !'. I Z I:-
5'5)(."7 MM __
•.
~, -'
-
SCi,UARE.
t'II::SSOF"\lEt-IEE.R
C'I
BRI.::k
FIG.15A. CRAMP FORBR!:CK
r
A<;;PE.R SITE 0
V:VAR\ABlE
P,E~\.)I REM"",.r-
'
;.-
"
6.
_ '."
rt.c:.~.WA~L:;
,,
~ -
['"
••
#
,(
~
(:>
-
STONE
'H:NEERINC;
,
,,"Act
t'>' ,
AS SPEc" FIEI.)
THA>-I
.'.- '"
~
"!OATA"
to
I'
I
,
'rr
~ ..
.......
+-~./
SECTION1~
FIG.15C
I
Lllr----:
:'
:
•
MMTHIC;K.
TYPICAL
__
!tomm Ot'd'.S~Ct"£O
,
DETAILS
JOINTS
NOT 1'0 Ql.E MORE
MOR1'AR
FRONT
.~-
ELEVATION'
OF CRAMPS FOR R_CGBACKrNG
/'
2tJ3.
Eo MM
GENERALARRANGEMENSOF
CRAMPS
CHAPTER
- STONE WORK.
7.7.4.3
CLAU 5E
-
FIGURE
- 16.
:;
.
,
,.
D
B
C
E
F
H
G
NOTE:-
CRAMPS
ARRAGEMENT
IS
SHOWN
ABOVE
FOR
VENEERINGS
WITH
LONGER
SIDES
VERTICAL .• FOR' VENEERINGS
HAVI1'JG
THE
LONGER
SIDES
HORIZONTAL,
CRAMPS
WOUlD_
BE
ARRANGED
TO SUIT
THE ALTERED
POSITIONS.
DR AWING
NOT TO SCALE.
..
NOTES
205
.
NOT ES
"
I
206
·NOTES
207
NOTES
20B