SIBIU - HERMANNSTADT

Transcription

SIBIU - HERMANNSTADT
YOUNG SINCE 1191
EN
SIBIU - HERMANNSTADT / YOUNG SINCE 1191
WELCOME TO SIBIU!
WHY LOVE SIBIU
CONTENTS
DISCOVER SIBIU AS A NATIVE
GREEN FRIDAY 35
THE LUXEMBOURG HOUSE 36
The Public Bath Sibiu 38
4
6
THE COUNCIL TOWER
8
TRUTH AND MYTH OVER... THE BRIDGE OF LIES
12
SIBIU’S CHURCHES – A STORY ABOUT TOLERANCE AND RESPECT
SIBIU – THE CITY OF FAMOUS CRAFTSMEN
22
THE lARGE SQUARE – THE STAGE OF SIBIU
26
34
50
CULTURAL SIBIU
14
SAMUEL VON BRUKENTHAL – ONE PALACE, ONE PERSONALITY, ONE SYMBOL OF SIBIU
A SCHOOL LIKE A PALACE: SAMUEL VON BRUKENTHAL HIGH SCHOOL
MAP
32
28
THE MEDIEVAL SIBIU
40
SIBIU’S FORTIFICATIONS 40
THE TOWERS – SIBIU’S SENTRIES 41
A WALK ON CETĂŢII STREET 42
THEATRE AND CONCERTS IN THE THICK TOWER 42
CELEBRITY LANE 43
52
USEFUL INFORMATION 64
How to get to Sibiu 66
TOURIST INFORMATION CENTERS 68
ACCOMODATIONS AVAILABLE HERE… 69
THE GREEN SIBIU
44
DISCOVER SIBIU ON A BICYCLE IN SUB ARINI PARK 44
THE ZOOLOGICAL GARDEN 46
“ASTRA” MUSEUM OF TRADITIONAL FOLK CIVILIZATION 48
@Sebastian Marcovici
pag. 2 3
Sibiu has become so complex, has developed so much
in the field of economy, administration, culture and
tourism that it is hard to mirror all these sides in a
presentation brochure.
to Sibiu!
Actually, the only way to get to know the city through
a personalized experience. The touristic experience
in Sibiu is a very subjective one: we each discover a
very personal Sibiu, sprinkled with experiences one
deems pleasant, whether it is a quiet dinner in a stylish
restaurant, a street event during which the crowd
vibrates to the tune of the artists, a glamorous classical
music concert, a special exhibition right in the building
of the City Hall, a theatrical performance staged by
our wonderful actors or maybe a pop music concert
sustained by the most popular artists at the present.
WELCOME
The present brochure presents just a few of the
touristic objectives in Sibiu, mentions the biggest and
most attractive cultural events and shows only some of
the aspects of a city which I am sure will surprise you
with its diversity, its color and spirit.
That is the reason why I always say “You have to
experience Sibiu”, because only by “breathing in”
the city’s atmosphere you will get to know it. You
actually have to come to Sibiu to discover it. We, as
local authorities, the cultural operators and even the
business environment invested time, efforts and funds
so that Sibiu can offer its guests a unique experience
and a pleasant living environment to its inhabitants.
Discover Sibiu as an experience and I am sure that you
will become fond of it and you will always come back
with great pleasure!
Astrid Fodor
Deputy mayor of Sibiu
pag. 4 5
WHY LOVE SIBIU
Because the cosiness of one’s home strikes here an
excellent balance with the exuberance of modern
cosmopolitan life and the charm of the medieval streets.
Proud of their city, the people of Sibiu can give you lots
of reasons to believe that Sibiu is unique, spectacular,
authentic and interesting. They’ll tell you what you need
to see, what you should enjoy, what to take home with you
and why you should come back again and again. No matter
how many times you visit it, Sibiu is never the same.
The local people here are trustworthy, they greet you
reverently, with a smile. Several different nationalities
have been living here for centuries, hence the history, the
heritage and the multicultural present of the city. In the
conference rooms, around the touristic points of interest, in
the bohemian cafés, delight is uttered in many languages.
Sibiu is one of the most romantic places in the heart of
Transylvania, set at the bottom of the snowy mountains, in
an exquisite landscape.
So many people, tourists, opportunities and places to see
in Sibiu, so many timeless stories. Under the eyes of the old
roofs in the centre, one becomes in a blink an actor on the
magnificent city stage. The Large Square is always wearing
holiday garments, the festivals are going on and on and the
vivid life of the city is always surprisingly different.
Sibiu is a city with a rich cultural
heritage, the European Cultural Capital
in 2007, an eminent educational
centre, a prosperous business centre
favourable for industry and durable
development.
Sibiu is redesigning itself and is
creatively developing a positive image
among European tourist destinations.
You will be the guest of honour, you
will feel just like one of the natives, you
will enjoy the energy and feel relaxed,
and in the end you will heartily say:
„I love it!”
And you’ll come back again.
Old and new at the same time,
always young since its first official
record in 1191.
Simply: Sibiu.
pag. 6 7
THE
COUNCIL TOWER
THE COUNCIL TOWER
If you want to discover
THE STORIES OF SIBIU,
your walk should start from the heart of the city:
the Council Tower.
THE SYMBOL AND HEART OF SIBIU
An old yet slender symbol, an arch connecting the
Small Square and the Large Square, an axis mundi
that has been unifying for ages the life of the people
in Sibiu. From the top of it, an urban oasis
of beauty is spreading at your feet.
Nowadays a historical monument, the Council
Tower or the City Hall Tower has an old story that
starts in 1224-1241, at the same time as the second
fortification precinct. In its immediate vicinity was
the City Hall, hence its name. Out of the initial
tower, only the lower part resisted over time.
The tower looked very different through the ages,
being rebuilt in 1588 after a devastating earthquake,
rising more than its initial four stories and then
repeatedly going through changes
and rehabilitation work.
@Dragoş Asaftei
pag. 8 9
Contemporary with the first cornerstones
of old Hermannstadt, the Council Tower has
played an administrative, military and cultural
role, experiencing all the ages of the city. It was
alternatively a gate tower, watch tower, jail,
granary, museum, and an observation point
for a spectacular vista. Together with the wary
eyes of the roofs, the Council Tower has been a
silent witness of Sibiu’s history. It saw the fairs
and the gatherings, the zeppelin that flew high
above it between the two world wars, and the
nostalgic streetcar passing by.
A narrow door on the Small Square side
will let you inside the tower.
THE COUNCIL TOWER
In its shadow lingered noble guests or
ruthless conquerors, local people in a hurry,
bohemian tourists and friendly pidgeons.
From the medieval executions till the
present concerts and festivals that enliven
both squares of the city, the Council Tower
might tell the whole history of Sibiu – a wise
city thanks to its multicultural heritage, a
dynamic and always surprising place.
The Council Tower grew rich
in 2007, when Sibiu was the
European Capital of Culture,
with a new commemorative
plaque bearing its mission,
which is also the whole city’s
mission, engraved on it:
The clock, whose elaborate mechanism
can be admired just below the top floor, is
pacing together with the people strolling
in the Large Square, while the tall tower
watches over the city.
„CULTURAL
DIVERSITY,
A BRIDGE
BETWEEN
HERITAGE AND
THE CULTURE
OF THE
FUTURE.”
The vista from the top of the tower, a true
bird’s eye view, is enchanting one’s soul,
revealing the show of a photogenic city:
southwards one can sweep a part of the
Large Square, the centre, Vasile Aaron
District, till one’s eyes are climbing the
snowy summits of the Făgăraş Mountains.
Westwards the eyes will reign over the
other part of the Large Square, Nicolae
Bălcescu Street – the city’s main vessel,
swarming with tireless people – over Sub
Arini Park and Dumbrava Forest. Northward
and eastward one’s eyes can wander about
the Terezian District, the railway station and
Guşteriţei Hill.
1 Small Square
Open: daily,
between 10 a.m. – 8 p.m.
@Marian Bozdoc
pag. 10 11
THE BRIDGE OF LIES
There are lots of funny myths about this
place. Once upon a time, when famous
mongers were gathering in the Small
Square, the bridge used to be a dreaded
place of punishment. After haggling,
unsatisfied customers were confronting
the dishonest sellers under the bridge,
while the crowd was roaring with laughter.
A fruitful kind of show, because the
mongers became reluctant to cheat the
people of Sibiu. It was also near this bridge
that the garullous women met daily,
spreading gossip and false news all around
the fortress.
TRUTH AND MYTH OVER...
THE BRIDGE OF LIES
Stories are coming to life at each street corner of magical Sibiu.
While the eyes of the roofs can see every move, there is a place
that hears any whisper between the Small Square and Huet
Square, above Ocnei Street: The Bridge of Lies. Once you set
foot on it, it suddenly becomes alive and sensitive.
Whenever somebody is telling a lie, the awoken giant starts
cracking all over, and the liars are thrown over the rail.
Do you dare to test its fame?
Leaving the financial matters aside and
going straight to those that pertain to
the soul, the bridge has always been a
romantic walkway for lovers. In those
times when handsome cadets of the
Military Academy were studying in Sibiu,
the bridge witnessed their romantic
rendezvous. Under the charming light
of the streetlamps, the young men were
promising eternal love to the young ladies,
but soon forgot their promises and left
the poor girls waiting in vain for the lies to
become true. Even today you might see
such a girl dreaming with starry eyes of the
prince who once promised her a timeless
love story.
Once, there used to be a row of houses in this
place, and right below them went a tunnel
termed in the 16th century by Damasus
Dürr as „the little benches of the lies” – the
hagglers used to gather there, telling stories,
blathering. It was an ill-famed place. The
buildings were demolished in 1851, and a
temporary wooden bridge was built.
A genuine jewel, the cast iron
bridge that we tread upon today
was built in 1859, being the
first of this kind throughout
Romania’s present territory and
the second one in Europe.
Piaţa Mică / Small Square
A BRIDGE OVER TIME
The name’s origin is much disputed, involving a phonetic confusion
between its name in German and the Saxon dialect. In some
documents it has been called Liegenbrücke – The Lying Brigde,
probably because it had no pillars, or, more recently, Lügen or
Lügnerbrücke, meaning The Bridge of the Liars or of the Lies.
The cast iron bridge, as we see it today, was inaugurated on
December 17, 1860. On its southern side one can see the glittering
Saxon coat of arms, and on the northern one there is the label that
reminds the year and place of founding: 1859, „Friedrichs Hütte”,
Germany.
While enjoying a cup of cofee in a nearby café, you will notice how
some of the passers-by are reluctant to set foot on the bridge and
others are paying attention to every step they take. Well, the bridge
won’t crumble under your feet at some tiny lie, but the myth goes
that it will at least shake you a little. Only truth has a passport to
walk on the Bridge of Lies.
@Silvana Armat
pag. 12 13
SIBIU’S CHURCHES
THE EVANGELICAL CATHEDRAL
SIBIU’S CHURCHES
A STORY ABOUT
TOLERANCE AND
RESPECT
The religious edifices in Sibiu are the
signposts of an ecumenical itinerary
comprising the rich spiritual life of the
city, defined by the cohabitation for ages
of different ethnic groups
and religions.
The sky of Sibiu moulds upon several slender towers’
silhouettes, ancient symbols of the city. One of them is easily
recognisable from afar: the Evanghelical Cathedral tower.
A marvellous Transylvanian Gothic-style monument, the
Evangelical Cathedral is watching over the daily life of the city
from its highest point.
THE LEGEND OF THE TOWER
They say the Saxons in Sibiu were very proud of their town.
Therefore, at the time when they were building the church
tower they were planning to rise the most imposing one in
Transylvania, one that will go „right up to the sky”. Findind
out about the highest church tower in Bistriţa, they sent
two craftsmen to measure its height. So they did – the two
craftsmen went there, sneaked up, and then unreeled a rope
from the top to the ground, measuring the tower. Once the
job got done, they put up for the night at some inn. Alas, their
tongues loosened by wine, the craftsmen talked about their
mission. Therefore, while they were sleeping, somebody cut
off 2 m or so of their rope. And thus the Evangelical tower in
Sibiu is a little over 79 m, while the one in Bistriţa is still the
tallest one in Transylvania: 82 m.
THE TREASURE IN THE HEART OF SIBIU
The church building process started in 1320, on the ruins of
an old Romanic basilica. It was built in three stages, modified
and then rehabilitated. The tower has seven levels and four
turrets, which represented a sign that the town had the right
to sentence to death. The church will surprise you from the
outside with its Baroque portals and the massive, sober walls,
and from the inside with the unearthly air and the treasures it
shelters. From the heights of the tower, a magnificent view
of the city unfolds at one’s feet.
@Scott Eastman
@Scott Eastman
pag. 14 15
SIBIU’S CHURCHES
You will experience for real inside the church what written
words can only suggest here: the unearthly air, the deep
organ tonalities, the lights playing on the floor, the silence
that makes you forget about the outer noise. The impressive
treasure sheltered here consists of: a bronze font dating from
1438, made by master Leonhardus and presumably cast in
the bronze resulting from the Turkish cannons captured in
1437, the old altar (1545) with its wings inspired by Albrecht
Dürer’s Passions, the vestry door, the south portal (1457), its
Baroque door, the north portal (1509), the resting place of
Baron Samuel von Brukenthal (1803). The tombstones put
in the walls of the church ferula, at the same place with the
Painted Chronicle of the city, constitute a unique gallery in
Romania.
Piaţa Huet / 1 Huet Square
The organ in the
church was
installed in 1914,
being at that time
the largest one in
South-Eastern
Europe.
@Scott Eastman
pag. 16 17
SIBIU’S CHURCHES
THE METROPOLITAN ORTHODOX CATHEDRAL
While admiring its beauty, the „Holy Trinity” Cathedral
shaped like a Byzantine basilica will remind you of
another monumental architectonical creation: Saint
Sophia Cathedral in Istanbul. The imposing edifice is
the symbol of the spiritual and cultural unity of the
Orthodox believers in Sibiu. In 1857, after Emperor
Franz Joseph consented to start the building, the
Metropolitan Andrei Şaguna asked the priests and the
believers for donations. The construction works started
in 1902, and the cathedral was consecrated on April
30, 1906 by Metropolitan Ioan Meţianu and a group of
priests and deacons.
All those personalities that took part at that event
were a live evidence of the ecumenical thinking and
multiethnic living in Sibiu: the mayor Josef Drotleff,
the historian Nicolae Iorga, the lord lieutenant of the
county Gustav Thalmann, the Lutheran superintendent
Friedrich Teutsch, the Reformed vicar Gidofalvy, and the
Greek-Catholic dean Nicolae Togan.
A tour of the churches in Sibiu will
definitely include the Metropolitan
Orthodox Cathedral.
The iconostasis and dome were painted by Octavian
Smigelschi, an artist whose works can also be admired
at the Brukenthal Museum. The cathedral’s central
element is the dome with its four little turrets. The
main portico is flanked by two massive turrets serving
as belfries. Today, the cathedral hosts the relics of St.
Andrei Şaguna, the spiritual father of this place.
Str. Mitropoliei / 33-35 Mitropoliei Street
Open: daily, between 8 a.m. – 8 p.m.
@Scott Eastman
@Scott Eastman
pag. 18 19
SIBIU’S CHURCHES
THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
The statue of St. Nepomuk, which was initially
placed in the Large Square and stayed there
for centuries, stays now in the church house’s
courtyard. It was removed from its place by the
communists in 1948, dismantled and discarded
in the courtyard of the Brukenthal Museum,
but in 1987 it was restored and put in the place
where we can see it today.
In the heart of Sibiu, the Roman Catholic Church
stands out among the architectonical jewels of the
Large Square. Though younger than the adjacent
buildings, the edifice was harmoniously incorporated
in the architectural vista and invites you to discover its
sacramental and quiet air inside.
In the 16th century, after the Reformation, the
Catholic churches in Sibiu became Evangelic. In 1691,
following the Leopoldine Diploma, Austrian imperial
troops quartered in the town, together with some
military catholic priests. Having no Catholic sanctuary,
they were allowed to hold the service in the Tailors’
Hall in the Large Square. The arrival of the Austrian
troops and officials represented the beginning of the
Catholic community in Sibiu, because some of them
decided to settle down here. In 1708 the Esztergom
Archbishop assigned the mission of leading this
community to the Jesuit monks; they increasingly
needed a Catholic church. Therefore, the construction
started on July 4, 1726, and in 1733 the new church
was consecrated by the Transylvanian Bishop, Baron
Gregor von Sorger.
Piaţa Mare / 3 Large Square
Open: Monday to Saturday,
between 6 a.m. – 7 p.m.
Sunday, between 8.30 a.m – 7 p.m.
Once you see all the churches in Sibiu you
understand why the city hosted in 2007 the
third European Ecumenical Assembly – because
regardless of their religion or language,
the prayers of the city are joining their
variegated voices in one resonant choir: that is
multicultural Sibiu.
Other points of interest in your ecumenical
itinerary:
Built in the Baroque style, in 1901 the stained glass
windows made in Budapest were installed, and
in 1904 it was painted by Ludwig Kandler from
München. The organ came in 1860 from Karl Hesse
in Vienna, whose pipe organs can be listened to in
many Transylvanian churches. The fresco decorating
the main altar, painted in 1777 by the Austrian artist
Anton Steinwald, has for a long time been the one
and only ornament of the church. The Baroque
confesssionals and St. Joseph’s altar are also dating
from the 18th century.
The Greek-Catholic Church of St.Ursula,
the Reformed Church, the „Din Groapă”
(„In the Hollow”) Church, the „Dintre
brazi” („Among the Firs”) Church, the
Holy Cross Chapel, the Franciscan
Church, the Synagogue, St. John’s
Evangelical Church, St. Luke Church,
AND the Asylum Church.
pag. 20 21
THE FAMOUS CRAFTSMEN
SIBIU – THE CITY OF FAMOUS
CRAFTSMEN
O
nce you arrive in Huet Square, between the
Evangelical Church and the Stairs’ Tower, you enter
a charming medieval isle. Just as in an open air
workshop, one can hear the tools hammering and smell
the clay. Peculiarly dressed young craftsmen are carrying
lime sacks or polishing wood beams. Others are carving in
stone, singing with their chisel to the rhythm of long gone
ages. The Middle Ages guilds are right at home in the Huet
Square.
THE JOURNEYMEN’S HOUSE
– a medieval workshop before one’s very eyes
At the Journeymen’s House you’re standing near the oldest edifice in
Sibiu, the Stairs’ Tower. It is part of the first precinct of fortification,
dating from the 13th century. The tower was rebuilt in the 16th
century, on the old foundation, as an access gate between the socalled „Upper Town” and „Lower Town”.
The Journeymen’s House used to be a merchants’ house in the
past. The interior walls are painted, the fresco dating from the 16th
century, and the outside is the result of some changes made in the
19th century. Since 2002, the building has been the quarter of the
travelling journeymen who carry on the old guilds’ tradition.
WHO ARE THE MYSTERIOUS JOURNEYMEN?
Ever since the Middle Ages, the travelling journeymen of
Europe are young people wandering, going far away from
home in order to gain experience in different crafts. Finally,
they are supposed to become skilled craftsmen. There is
a strict code, to this day, regarding who can be a travelling
journeyman, and how. First, the young man or woman must
be under 30, not married, with no kids, obligation or debts.
For three years and one day, the travelling journeyman is
not allowed to come closer than 50 km of his or her home
town. Afterwards, they commit to respect and obey the
rules and traditions of their guild.
The young people are leaving on
this journey with only one coin –
and they will have to bring it back.
The wandering journeymen are
easily recognisable in Sibiu, because
they’re dressed in their specially
designed outfit called „Kluft”:
flared pants, waistcoat and coat in
the guild’s colour, white shirt with
starched collar and hat.
pag. 22 23
THE FAMOUS CRAFTSMEN
Nowadays, near the Journeymen’s House there is a wood pole
having a lot of nails and all kinds of small sharp objects thrusted
into it. One will find it rather weird, but the explanation comes
from one of the travelling journeymen customs: when leaving,
each young man has to leave on this pole a nail or some small
belonging. This way he will be lucky in his wanderings.
DID YOU KNOW THAT...
THERE IS SUCH A POLE, CALLED STOCK IM
EISEN, in the centre of Vienna, IN THE
CORNER OF EQUITABLE PALACE, NEAR ST.
STEPHEN’S CATHEDRAL?
SIBIU – RENOWNED CRAFTS CENTRE
The activity of the craft guilds was crucial for the city’s
development. The first guild officially recorded was the Tanners’
guild, in 1367. Manufacturing and exporting their merchandise,
the guilds helped the local economy. They also had a military
role, each guild guarding one tower and one city gate. There
were 40 registered guilds in Sibiu in 1780. In 1872, the guilds
became crafts cooperatives, and the craftsmen tradition
gradually disappeared at the beginning of 20th century, because
of industrialization.
@Dan Şuşa
The wandering journeymen aren’t just old ballads’ heroes. They
still exist in countries such as Germany, Austria, Switzerland and
France. Since 2002, the Journeymen’s House in Sibiu is the first of
its kind outside these countries and the easternmost European
centre where journeymen are still active.
Why precisely here? Because Sibiu has always been a traditional European crafts
centre. Together with Rügen, Neustadt and Leipzig, Sibiu became since 2002 one
of the cities that hosts today’s travelling journeymen. Now, just as during the
Middle Ages, the journeymen are a link between Sibiu and the biggest European
crafts centres. Besides their cultural value, the journeymen are an actual necessity
for monuments’ rehabilitation, because they are still using the traditional
construction methods.
Huet Square and Cetăţii Street are
transformed during summer and the
Medieval Festival „Transylvanian Fortresses”
– both places become open-air workshops,
reminiscent of the old crafts centre that
Sibiu used to be.
pag. 24 25
THE Large SQUARE
THE Large
SQUARE
– THE STAGE OF SIBIU –
THE Large SQUARE, THE PLACE
WHERE THE HASTENED STEPS OF THE
NATIVES ARE MEETING THE DREAMY
TOURISTS’S STROLLS, WHILE PIGEONS
ARE FLUTTERING THEIR WINGS. UNDER
THOSE TIRELESS EYES GAZING FROM
THE ROOFS AT THE Large SQUARE,
THE HEART OF SIBIU IS ALWAYS THE
SAME AND IS ALWAYS CHANGING.
It’s been pulsating with life since 1411, when
it was mentioned as a grain market, although
it existed since 1366, at the same time with
the third precinct of fortification. In each of its
ages, the Large Square played another role, but
it has always been the main stage for the life of
Sibiu. Der Grosse Ring or Grosser Platz in the
Middle Ages was the place to negociate the
merchandise of the renowned guilds, and where
at the end of that period public gatherings and
trials were held. The pillory stood in the centre
of the square, with the statue of Roland on top
of it. It was a place of terror, where witches
and criminals were executed, while other lawbreakers, such as the troublemakers or those
who disturbed the peaceful town were exposed
in the „Lunatics Cage”.
The weather vanes on the top of the buildings,
marking the construction year or the guild’s emblem,
are spinning with the wind – and times have changed
the Large Square. The tram used to pass here once,
continuing on Gării Street, then the square became
a park during the communist years, while Saint
Nepomuk’s Statue, which had been here since 1734,
was moved to the Roman Catholic Church’s courtyard.
At the beginning of the communist period, the medieval
buildings on the north side found themselves within
an ace of being demolished, in order to make room for
some huge block of flats. The disaster was stopped just
in time and the medieval look of the square was saved.
Since 2005, all the buildings around the square
have been flawlessly rehabilitated, so they can now
live the history in their authentic garments. All the
edifices around the square are historical monuments,
architectonical jewels that once belonged to some of
the wealthiest families in the city.
Regardless of the season, the Large Square is the
hospitable and dynamic place where something is
always happening. There are concerts all the time,
there are magic fragrances at the Christmas Market –
the Large Square is a huge theatre where anybody can
perfectly fit in. Qualified as one of the most romantic
places of Europe, Sibiu is also the place where you
immediately feel just like home, except here you’re
always surprised by something out of the ordinary.
Important buildings around the Large Square
(see the map, p. 50-51)
pag. 26 27
BRUKENTHAL PALACE
Samuel von Brukenthal
WELCOME TO THE
BRUKENTHAL PALACE!
You are at the first museum opened
for public on Romania’s present day territory
and the largest museum in
South-Eastern Europe.
Built in late Baroque style, the Brukenthal
edifice brings to the heart of Sibiu the
refined air of Viennese palaces. The core of
the valuable museum collections consists of
the painting collection put together by the
fascinating personality that was Baron Samuel
von Brukenthal, the Transylvanian Governor.
You can admire here some of the masterpieces
of European painting, such as „Portrait of a Man
with a Blue Chaperon” by Jan van Eyck, standing
next to Hans Memling, Tiziano Vecellio da
Cadore, Pieter Bruegel the Younger and Pieter
Bruegel the Elder’s works.
@Scott Eastman
ONE PALACE, ONE PERSONALITY, ONE SYMBOL OF SIBIU
pag. 28 29
BRUKENTHAL PALACE
THE BUILDING AND THE ART COLLECTIONS
OF BRUKENTHAL PALACE
Samuel von Brukenthal
(1721-1803)
When you’re standing in the Large Square looking at it, the
elegant building impresses you especially with the stone
framing of the gate. Adorned with the gilded coat of arms
of the Brukenthal family, the portal is also decorated with
urns on top of the columns and garlands sustained by roses.
The massive oak wood doors with the cornucopia carved in
suggest the entrance of a temple of art and opulence.
Once inside, passing under the Murano glass chandeliers
and the rich stucco adorned ceilings, you will find yourself in
some of the most charming rooms of the palace: the drawing
rooms and the Baroque Salon, where the high society of
Sibiu used to gather once, in the refined air of the famous
soirées and cocktails organised by the Baron Brukenthal.
Today, the Brukenthal Palace hosts the European Art
Gallery of the Brukenthal National Museum. From the
basement to the second floor of the palace, you will travel
through ages and styles – the Gothic experience, the
Transylvanian stone sculpture of the 13th – 19th centuries,
the Prints Cabinet and the Maps Cabinet, the medieval
Transylvanian art, the Anatolian rugs exhibition and the
greatest European painting schools: the German and
Austrian painting exhibition and the Flemish-Dutch and
Italian paintings exposed next to the Masterpieces of the
Brukenthal Collection.
Besides the Brukenthal Palace, the Brukenthal National
Museum also includes the Romanian Art Gallery, History
Museum, Pharmacy Museum, Natural History Museum,
Hunting Museum and the Gallery of Contemporary Art.
A LEGENDARY BARON AND
A RENOWNED FREEMASON
Samuel von Brukenthal was appointed Governor of Transylvania
in 1777, by Empress Maria Theresa. He attended the
gymnasium in Sibiu, today named after him, then studied at
Halle, Jena, Berlin and Vienna universities, being accepted in
the first Masonic Lodge in Vienna. He even founded a very
active and powerful Masonic Lodge in Halle. They say that his
whole life and career were always conducted by the Masonic
code of ethics. Also, the most important Masonic Lodge in
Transylvania of the 18th century was established in Sibiu.
It was also in Vienna that the Baron started collecting important
works of art. Samuel von Brukenthal collection, listed in 1773
in Almanach de Vienne, was one of the most valuable private
collections in Vienna of those times. Since 1777, for a period of
10 years, he was the Governor of Transylvania. In 1779 he built
the elegant palace in Sibiu, as an official abode and to host his
collections. The first public exhibits were his painting collection,
a print collection, a library and a coin collection. Since its official
opening in 1817, the museum constantly increased its collections
through donations and acquisitions, now having impressive
galleries and charming thousands of visitors from all over the
world.
Piaţa Mare / 4-5 Large Square
www.brukenthalmuseum.ro
Open: March, 21 – October, 21, Tuesday to Sunday: 10 a.m. – 6 p.m.
October, 22 – March, 20, Wednesday to Sunday: 10 a.m. – 6 p.m
pag. 30 31
BRUKENTHAL HIGH SCHOOL
A SCHOOL LIKE A PALACE:
SAMUEL VON BRUKENTHAL
HIGH SCHOOL
Such a thrill! Do you remember the first day of school?
But imagine all the stories that the walls of Samuel von
Brukenthal High School might tell. This is the oldest
school in Sibiu and one of the first located on Romania’s
present day territory.
SEVEN CENTURIES OF EFFICIENT
EDUCATION
This building doesn’t look like a school on the
inside, but more like a Baroque palace adorned with
ornaments, sculptures and Latin inscriptions, old
symbols of the knowledge and educational mission
of the institution. Huge personalities of the city
attended this school – among them, Baron Samuel
von Brukenthal, who donated an important part of his
assets to the gymnasium back then and also to the
Evangelical Church.
On the premises of today’s high scoool stood the first
school in Sibiu – officially recorded in 1380. The fact
that the Evangelical Church is so close to the school
reflects the religious tutelage under which Saxon
education functioned for centuries. The building we
see today was raised between 1779-1781, at the same
time with the Brukenthal Palace in the Large Square, its
architectural sibling. The inscription above the entrance
portal states the institution’s mission: ERVDITIONI.VIRTVTI.
AC.EXEMPLIS.SACRA. – A house of culture, virtue and
models. The high school asserted over time its educative
development role, a place for multicultural meetings and
communication between the people of Sibiu.
SIBIU, ALWAYS YOUNG
In the recent years Sibiu has become a well-known
university town, a point of interest for the Romanian
youth. Higher education tradition started in Sibiu during
the 17th century with the Faculty of Theology, and then
in 1844 with the Law Academy set up by the Saxon
community. Since then, Sibiu has gradually strenghtened
its academic life, through many other higher education
institutions, now being a reputable university centre. The
universities in Sibiu are attractive through their different
and efficient educational offerings, the research and
employment opportunities, and also through their rich
cultural agenda of a city that never sleeps.
@Scott Eastman
pag. 32 33
DISCOVER SIBIU
DISCOVER
SIBIU
AS A NATIVE
THE GREEN FRIDAY
On her stall in Huet Square, auntie Maria
lines up the dewy red-green rhubarb stems
picked-out this very morning. Well, you
probably did not know this, but sourish
rhubarb is a favorite ingredient of Saxon
cuisine, much sought after in spring.
Auntie Maria comes from Turnişor
and takes great pride in her beautiful
merchandise. And the supermarket
vegetables are not a patch on her gardengrown radishes, lettuce and green onions:
all of them lovingly planted and plowed
with her toilworn hands, not sprinkled
with any chemicals, solely watered by the
fresh rainfall from the sky. And on Green
Friday you will find many farmers and local
growers like auntie Maria enticing you with
traditional dainties: all kinds of cheese
from the neighboring herdsmen, flavoured
comfitures and steamy home-baked pies,
healthy fruit and vegetables freshly picked
from the garden, cold meats based on
sacredly guarded recipes from the olden
days.
Green Friday is the perfect opportunity to
revel in Sibiu’s fragrances, at an authentic
marketplace, amidst the natives.
Piața Huet / Huet Square
Every Friday, between 10 a.m. – 4 p.m.
@Dan Şuşa
pag. 34 35
DISCOVER SIBIU
THE LUXEMBOURG
HOUSE
THE LUXEMBOURG HOUSE IS THE PERFECT
example of blending BETWEEN SIBIU’S MEDIEVAL
PAST AND ITS PRESENT DYNAMICS. IN 2007, SIBIU
WAS THE EUROPEAN CAPITAL OF CULTURE ALONG
WITH THE CITY OF LUXEMBOURG.
A strong spiritual bond that goes back centuries
has linked these two geographical areas, since
the first Saxon settlers arrived here in the 12th
century from the Moselle River area, a territory
that belongs to present day Luxembourg. The
vernacular Saxon in Sibiu is notably similar to
the Luxembourg spoken language.
The House, one of the oldest buildings of
the Upper Town, preserving its 13th century
architectural charm to this day, was built upon
the medieval city’s first precinct of fortifications.
The current edifice is the outcome of a 15th
century amalgamation of two Gothic dwellings,
and opens towards both Small Square and Huet
Square. It has beautiful Baroque street fronts
adorned with splendid stucco floral motifs, and
traditional carpentry windows with curved tops
and stylized shells.
Previously known as Schaser House, the
building got that name from the Evangelical
priest who used to own it in the 19th
century. It has been restored courtesy of the
Luxembourg Service of Sites and National
Monuments and received its
present name on March 30,
2004, when Grand Duke Henri
of Luxembourg and Grand
Duchess Maria Theresa
visited Romania.
Nowadays the building also houses the
Honorary Consulate of the Grand Duchy
of Luxembourg and the Resource Centre
of the European Institute for Cultural
Itineraries for Southeast Europe.
Piaţa Mică / 16 Small Square
pag. 36 37
DISCOVER SIBIU
The Public
Bath Sibiu
Baia POPULARĂ
After several hours of strolling down Sibiu’s
bohemian streets, an oasis of relaxation awaits
the visitor in a chic environment. Besides the
swimming pool, placed within a wonderful
architectural space, the Public Bath spoils its
visitors with an Irish sauna, a massage room,
fitness facilities, hair and skin care, all meant to
loosen you up and get you back in shape.
Str. Andrei Şaguna / 2 Andrei Şaguna Street
www.baiapopulara.sibiu.ro
Open: Tuesday to Saturday
between 7 a.m – 8 p.m.
@Paul Albu
Offering services worthy of a spa resort,
the Public Bath edifice mixes Baroque and
Jugendstil stylistical elements in an uniquely
magnificent architectural creation.
It was built by Karl Hocheder, the architect and
professor of building studies who also designed
the famous Müller Volksbad in Munich. Here
you will experience the perfect blend of
glamour, leisure, beauty and fun.
pag. 38 39
THE MEDIEVAL
SIBIU
SIBIU’S FORTIFICATIONS
One next to another, the old stronghold towers gather round the
heart of the city like a girdle of unflinching sentries. “The Red
City” – that’s how they called Sibiu because of its red clay brick
walls that kept the foes at bay. The fortifications watched over
the whole history of Hermannstadt and these walls carry the
city’s 823 years of attested history carved deep within them. By
virtue of the privileged status and the prestige of the German
residents who settled here, and also because of the permanent
invaders menace, Hermannstadt’s fortifications have evolved into
a complex and inexpugnable defensive system.
A walk along the fortifications line will take you back in time, to
the age of the far-famed guilds, fashionable gentlemen, bashful
maidens and stern executioners of Large Square.
THE MEDIEVAL SIBIU
THE TOWERS
– SIBIU’S SENTRIES –
Only 10 towers of the original fortifications,
the Passage of the Stairs, the Soldisch
Bastion, the Haller Bastion, the exterior
defense wall and the one in Cetăţii Street
have survived to this day. Next to their
military role, the towers also served as
headquarters and storehouses attended by
the guilds of old Hermannstadt, which was a
renowned craft centre, auspiciously placed
on the axis that connected Western Europe
to the Balkans and Constantinople. Today, the
the towers of Sibiu are still telling the story
of a thriving and dynamic city, shrouded in
charming myth and legend.
Our medieval journey begins in the
13th century, when the first precinct of
fortifications was erected around Huet
Square. A remnant of that age is The
Stairs’ Tower, considered to be the oldest
construction preserved in Sibiu. The second
defensive precinct surrounds the actual Small
Square. Because of the Turkish and Tartars’
assaults, over the next centuries the third
(14th century) and then the fourth (15th
century) precinct of fortifications had to be
built, in order to protect the Upper and the
Lower Town, residential areas at that time.
Like a real fortress, the city was protected
by a wetland belt of ponds, channels and
floodgates that allowed the controlled
flooding of the surroundings.
@Dragoş Asaftei
pag. 40 41
THE MEDIEVAL SIBIU
A WALK
– ON CETĂŢII STREET –
The Cetăţii Street, overlooked by the fortified walls from the 15th
century, is Sibiu’s most romantic street. Here you will uncover history
at leisure, step by step, relishing each little corner. The three defensive
towers from the third precinct of fortifications were named after the
guilds that ensured their maintenance and defence: The Arquebusiers’
Tower, the Potters’ Tower and the Carpenters’ Tower. The old houses,
the brick wall with its watch road and the towers make up the story of
a medieval corner marvelously preserved to this day.
THEATRE AND CONCERTS
– IN THE THICK TOWER –
18th century Sibiu was a city with a Viennese air, thriving with culture.
The Brukenthal Palace was built at that time, and the city’s first theatre
was established inside one of the fortificated towers.
The Walk of Fame sibiu
Did you know that Sibiu has its own version of the famous
Hollywood Walk of Fame? The summer of 2013 witnessed
the opening of Walk of Fame in Sibiu. A plethora of artists,
cultural personalities and athletes who brought fame to the
city and helped create its present cosmopolitan look will
henceforth be shining on this lane in Cetăţii Park, ideally
located between the Thick Tower which used to harbour
the first theatre in town, and the future planned theatre.
Sheltered by the stout city walls, the artists thus become
everlasting honorary citizens.
Each of these plates represents an extraordinary story
intermingled with Sibiu’s destiny. This is the city’s way to say
a symbolic “Thank You” to its personalities.
Parcul Cetăţii / Cetăţii Park
The Thick Tower, different from its tall and slender brethren, was
erected in 1540, like a citadel in itself, with several defensive levels and
firing posts. In 1788 arts replaced arms as the space was refashioned
to host the first theatre house of the city. In 1826 the hall received a
sumptuous Rococo redecoration. The first cinema projection in town
took place here in 1898. Its cultural mission still carries on, as today,
entirely rehabilitated, the Thick Tower bears Muse Thalia’s name and
hosts the State Philarmonics’ concerts.
Once you’re here, allow your senses to feast on a Philarmonics musical
performance – it’s a double delight: you’ll get to visually admire
Thalia Hall while savouring the aural harmonies of one of the greatest
Transylvanian symphonic orchestras.
Strada Cetăţii / 5 Cetăţii Street
pag. 42 43
THE GREEN SIBIU
THE GREEN SIBIU
DISCOVER SIBIU ON A BICYCLE IN SUB ARINI PARK
A bicycle ride on a sunny day across one of Sibiu’s
green oases: Sub Arini Park, initially opened in 1856, as
a cosy English garden with lush greenery, lawns, trails
and ponds arranged in an organic layout. Sibiu was one
of the places where the City Embellishment Society,
resurrected today, had been very active. Owing to the
Society’s efforts, the music pavilion and the spring well
were built, public lighting was introduced and the flora
has been largely enriched.
Today the most ancient trees in the park are over 150
years old, while 30 indigenous and 38 exotic species
from North America and the Far East, including the
famous ginkgo biloba, the resplendent magnolias,
the American maple tree and the Californian cypress,
provide a perfect shelter for the various birds. On
summer days, the music pavilion, reverberating to
the sound of brass bands since the days of yore, hosts
concerts in a charming ambience. Regardless of the
season, a ride on the bicycle track that stretches about 6
kilometers is a real trip to the heart of nature, where the
sounds of the city gradually fade out and give way to the
chirpy bird trills.
Parks are yet another surprising face of Sibiu, a city that
has always taken environmental protection in earnest in
its quest for an active, healthy and ecological life. From
Sub Arini Park we’ll further ride through Călăreţilor Lane
towards Dumbrava Forest. The enchanted forest!
Route to Dumbrava Forest:
Şcoala de Înot Street – Sub Arini Park – Călăreţilor Lane
– Ludoş Street – Dumbrava Sibiului Natural Park
@Dragoş Asaftei
@Dragoş Asaftei
pag. 44 45
THE GREEN SIBIU
THE ZOOLOGICAL
GARDEN
Welcome to the Zoo! A green giant greets you
with its wide-open arms at the entrance, a
secular oak tree like few others, rumored to be
over 600 years old. A true natural monument!
Try to hug its majestic trunk and take its
patriarchal image with you!
At the Zoo Sibiu you will come face to face with
lions and zebras from the African savanna,
tigers and jaguars, frolicsome monkeys, camels,
mouflons, yaks, pythons, exotic parrots or
homely species from the Carpathian forests,
which peacefully and harmoniously coexist on a
15 hectars territory.
This is the first zoological garden in Romania,
established in 1929 in Dumbrava Forest, next to
the pond. The garden’s first dwellers came here
by donation, and today the Zoo comprises 228
animals from 56 species. Zoological gardens are
miniature planets resplendent with diversity.
Calea Dumbrăvii / 142 Dumbrăvii Road
www.zoo.sibiu.ro
Visiting hours:
October, March, daily between 9.30 a.m. – 5.30 p.m
November to January, daily between 9.30 a.m. – 4 p.m.
February, daily between 9.30 a.m. – 5 p.m.
April and September, daily between 9.30 a.m. – 5.30 p.m
May and August, daily between 9.30 a.m. – 7.30 p.m
June and July, daily between 9.30 a.m. – 8 p.m
pag. 46 47
THE GREEN SIBIU
“ASTRA”
MUSEUM OF
TRADITIONAL FOLK
CIVILIZATION
The Museum of Traditional Folk Civilization in Sibiu is not
just a museum, it’s a whole world, a backward time travel, a
homecoming. It’s a peaceful world, governed by the traditions
and authenticity, of our fathers and forefathers. A visit to the
ASTRA Museum resembles a holiday at your grandparents’,
back to those childhood years filled with wonder
and ageless fairytales.
Covering 96 hectars of land (40 of which
cover the permanent exhibition), the museum
is the largest open-air ethnographic exhibition
in Europe and also the biggest unit of ASTRA
Museums, founded in 1963 as the Museum
of Folk Technics. It received its present name
in 1991.
Some of the over 400 monuments of folk
technique and architecture, filled with
beautiful ethnographic heritage objects,
will look familiar, while others will amaze
and reveal the beauty and richness of the
village universe. Every one of these carpets,
every handpainted detail on a clay pot,
every skillfully carved wooden beam carries
at the same time an artistic and a symbolic
statement. Here you have the human soul
embodied in matter.
THE MUSEUM CELEBRATES
THE VILLAGE LIFESTYLE AS
A SYNTHESIS OF ROMANIAN
TRADITIONAL CIVILISATION
AT ITS UTMOST SPECIFICITY:
WOODEN CHURCHES
AND MILLS, TRADITIONAL
HOMESTEADS, TOOLS AND
HOUSEHOLD OBJECTS.
The six thematic exhibitions with several
groups and subgroups mark out the symbiosis
of arts, crafts, utility and spirituality in the
rural world. A highlight of the museum in
Sibiu and the most complete collection
in the whole country is the folk industry
installations collection, comprising food,
lumber, mining, metallurgical and apparel
industry installations. You can not fail
to be impressed by the windmill in
the fisherman’s homestead or by the
craftsmen’s workshops which are still going
strong.
In recent years the museographers shifted
their focus towards the imaterial heritage
zone, and therefore the dwellings have
turned into living spaces where people
revive the olden lifestyle and trades.
Numerous educational and cultural
programs succeeding one another bring
to public attention a series of valuable
craftsmen, singular people that are today
considered living heritage, according to
the UNESCO paradigm. Thus comes alive
a soulful and wise museum that has so
many stories to tell. The ASTRA Museum
of Traditional Folk Civilisation lives and
breathes.
Strada Pădurea Dumbrava /
16-20 Pădurea Dumbrava Street
www.muzeulastra.ro
Summer opening hours: every day,
10 a.m. – 8 p.m.
(the traditional houses interiors are not
visitable on Mondays)
Winter opening hours: every day,
9 a.m.- 5 p.m.
(the traditional houses interiors
are not visitable)
pag. 48 49
1. The Council Tower
2. The Bridge of Lies
3. The Evangelical Cathedral
4. The Metropolitan Orthodox Cathedral
5. The Roman-Catholic Church
6. The Greek-Catholic Church of Saint Ursula
7. The Reformed Church
8. The Franciscan Church
9. Saint John’s Evangelical Church
10. The Asylum Church
11. The Stairs’ Tower
12. The Journeymen’s House
13. Samuel von Brukenthal National High School
14. The Large Square
15. Brukenthal National Musem
16. The City Hall, Tourist Information Center
17. Weidner-Reussner-Czekelius House
18. Haller House
19. Generals’ House
20. Luxembourg House
21. The Public Bath Sibiu
22. Arquebusiers’ Tower
23. Potters’ Tower
24. Carpenters’ Tower
25. The Thick Tower
26. The Walk of Fame Sibiu
27. Cetăţii Park
28. Sub Arini Park
29. The bicycle track
30. The Zoological Garden
31. The “ASTRA” Museum of Traditional Folk
Civilization
CULTURAL SIBIU
CULTURAL
SIBIU
Sibiu Jazz Festival
Huet. Urban Festival
The International Theatre Festival in Sibiu
Sibiu International Film Festival (TIFF)
Feeric Fashion Days
Artmania Rock Festival
“Transylvanian Fortresses” Medieval Festival
On the Stairs Festival – Minifestival Coquette
Potters’ Fair
ASTRA Film Festival
“Ioan Macrea” National Folklore Festival
Christmas Market
“Radu Stanca” National Theatre Sibiu
Ballet Theatre Sibiu
“Gong” Theatre for Children and Youth
@Daniel Bălţat
pag. 52 53
CULTURAL SIBIU
SIBIU JAZZ FESTIVAL
(May)
The Sibiu Jazz Festival is a renowned festival
with a long tradition in Europe. Numerous
concerts, jam sessions and workshops take
place over a period of seven days, with jazz
music as their common theme, and a dialogue
between this musical style and other genres
such as folklore, classical music, rock, salsa,
hip-hop etc.
Contact: Sibiu Jazz Festival Foundation
Tel: 004 0269 219810
E-mail: [email protected]
Web: www.sibiujazz.eu
INTERNATIONAL
THEATRE FESTIVAL
IN SIBIU
(June)
The International Theatre Festival is the
most important performing arts festival in
Romania, with over 350 events presented by
companies from more than 70 countries. The
most spectacular section features the street
performances and concerts in the Large Square.
Contact: “Radu Stanca” National Theatre Sibiu
Tel: 004 0269 210092
Web: www.sibfest.ro
HUET. URBAN FESTIVAL
(May)
Huet Square in Sibiu is an enchanting landmark
for both tourists and locals. This is the
reason why the Heritas Foundation has been
organizing here every year, starting in 2010, the
Huet Urban Festival, in order to remodel and
enliven this urban corner over the space of a
week end rich in various cultural activities. The
Festival aims to engage the economic agents in
the area and at the same time to bring to public
attention the importance of conserving the
cultural heritage.
Contact: Heritas, Transylvanian Foundation
for Integrated Development, Protection and
Revitalization of Cultural Heritage
Tel: 004 0269 211988
Web: www.heritas.ro
SIBIU INTERNATIONAL
FILM FESTIVAL (TIFF)
(June)
The international festival of feature film in
Romania has become a well-known brand in
the region not only due to the quality of the
screened films, but also thanks to the excellent
organization, the sparkling atmosphere and the
myriad of events: from seminars and workshops
to concerts and all night long parties.
Contact: Association for Romanian Film
Promotion
Tel: 004 0213 266480
Web: www.tiff.ro
pag. 54 55
CULTURAL SIBIU
ARTMANIA ROCK FESTIVAL
(August)
Over the last years famous names and celebrated rock
bands such as Him, Amorphis, Tristania, Anathema,
Lacrimosa, Tiamat, My Dying Bride and Serj Tankian
have performed on the festival stage.
Contact: Artmania Foundation
Tel: 004 0314 379123
Web: www.artmaniafestival.ro
Feeric Fashion
Days
(June)
Feeric is the most important fashion
week in the Balkans - a distinctive
experience for Romanian and foreign
designers alike. During the six festival
days, big names of the fashion
industry rally up in Sibiu, along
with various performing artists, to
celebrate high fashion as an art form
through a series of shows, exhibitions
and events.
Contact: Mitichi Foundation
Tel: 004 0756 590101
Web: www.feeric.ro
Sibiu MEDIEVAL FESTIVAL
(August)
The stories of Sibiu’s fortifications and its Middle
Ages glorious past come to life every year during the
Medieval Festival. For three days at the end of August
the Historic Centre teems with knights, minstrels and
princesses, and hosts medieval mystery plays, farces
and chants, while the guilds practice once again their
craft under the old walls. You will not remain a simple
bystander, but become part of the city’s story. Sibiu
is simultaneously old and new, an inexhaustible,
glamorous, always amazing place.
Contact: The Cultural Department of the City of Sibiu
Tel: 004 0269 229627
Web: www.ccmsibiu.ro
pag. 56 57
CULTURAL SIBIU
ON THE STAIRS FESTIVAL
- MINIFESTIVAL COQUETTE
(August)
On the Stairs Festival, a movement conceived
to valorize the potential of the transitional
area connecting the Upper and Lower Town,
is an artistic act that takes place under Stairs’
Tower. Fashion design, painting and sculpting
exhibitions, live concerts and an overall
cheerful mood will grant you three idyllic days
on Sibiu’s most well trodden stairs.
Contact: www.facebook.com/
FestivalulDePeScari
POTTERS’ FAIR
(September)
Master potters from all over the country gather
at the fair, representing the most renowned
pottery centers in Romania. During the festival,
the Large Square, located in the center of Sibiu,
regains its original holiday fair purpose.
Contact: The “Cindrelul - Junii” County Center
for Traditional Culture Preservation
Tel: 004 0269 210945
Web: www.juniisibiului.ro
ASTRA FILM FESTIVAL
(October-November)
Astra Film, an international film festival
unique in this part of Europe, promotes the
best Romanian and foreign non-fiction film
productions, and offers film enthusiasts the
opportunity to meet important directors from
all over the world. Astra Film Fest is dedicated
to those documentaries tackling contemporary
society issues.
Contact: Astra Film Foundation
Tel: 004 0269 202431
Web: www.astrafilm.ro
“IOAN MACREA” NATIONAL
FOLKLORE FESTIVAL
For the daily events programme, please follow
www.turism.sibiu.ro or download Sibiu City
App application.
(November)
The most cherished professional folklore
ensembles from Romania and abroad, as
well as famous traditional folk musicians,
congregate every year in Sibiu for a traditional
Romanian feast of singing and dancing.
Contact: The “Cindrelul - Junii” County Center
for Traditional Culture Preservation
Tel: 004 0269 210945
Web: www.juniisibiului.ro
@Dan Şuşa
pag. 58 59
CULTURAL SIBIU
THE CHRISTMAS MARKET
(December)
During winter the town’s Large Square turns into a festive village,
covered by curtains of lights, alluring the visitors with the tantalizing
aromas of gingerbread figures, multi-coloured comfits, fruit tea and
roasted chestnuts as well as fairytale wooden cottages and Santa
Claus’ Christmas tree.
Contact: Events for Tourism Foundation Sibiu
Tel: 004 0269 224246
Web: www.targuldecraciun.ro
@Silvana Armat
pag. 60 61
CULTURAL SIBIU
THE THEATRE SEASON AT:
“RADU STANCA”
NATIONAL THEATRE
2 Corneliu Coposu Boulevard
The theatre’s portfolio comprises about 100
different plays. Virtually every evening plays are
staged in Romanian or German (on Tuesdays).
“Faust”, the theatre’s most famous show, is
featured monthly. You can check out the theatre
schedule at www.tnrs.ro. Tickets can be purchased
online on www.eventim.ro, directly from the Ticket
Agency, or at the entrance on the evening of the
show.
TICKET AGENCY
17 Nicolae Bălcescu Street
Tel: 004 0369 101578
Tuesday to Saturday: 11 a.m. - 6 p.m.
Sunday: 10 a.m. - 2 p.m.
THE BALLET THEATRE
City of Sibiu Culture House
1A Emil Cioran Street
Sibiu Ballet Theatre was the first Romanian dance
company to include an international cast, with
dancers from all over the world (New Zealand,
USA, Japan, Australia, Brazil, Spain and Israel) and
Romania alike. A diverse repertory features classic
and neoclassic ballet performances including the
“Ionesco Trilogy”, inspired by the writings of world
famous playwright Eugene Ionesco, being one of
its highlights.
Tickets for all Sibiu Ballet Theatre shows can be
purchased from the City of Sibiu Culture House
located at 1 Tineretului Park, or reserved by phone:
004 0269 229627.
“GONG” THEATRE
FOR CHILDREN AND YOUTH
4 Al. Odobescu Street
“Gong” is one of the few theatres in Eastern Europe that
cultivates and carries on the art of puppetry. Its shows are
mainly intended for children.
The theatre schedule can be consulted online at www.
teatrulgong.ro and tickets can be purchased online on
www.eventim.ro, at the theatre house (Monday to Friday:
10 a.m. - 4 p.m.), or directly at the entrance, 30 minutes
before the show starts.
pag. 62 63
USEFUL INFORMATION
USEFUL
INFORMATION
pag. 64 65
USEFUL INFORMATION
How to get to Sibiu
R o m a n i a
BY PLANE
Sibiu International Airport is located
5 km west of the city, with direct
access to the E81 European Route.
Air companies such as Austrian
Airlines, Tarom, Blue Air, Lufthansa,
Wizz Air and Menzies Airlines
operate at Sibiu Airport.
To check the flight schedule, please
access www.sibiuairport.ro or ask
for informations on the phone: 004
0269 253 135.
BY TRAIN
To obtain direct information
regarding the best connections
for your trip, please ask for
information on the phone:
004 0269 952.
HUNGARY
BY CAR
Sibiu / Hermannstadt
Sibiu is crossed by E68 European
Route (Arad – Sibiu – Braşov),
which enters the country at
Nădlac border crossing point
and E81 (Cluj – Sibiu – Piteşti
– Bucureşti) European Route,
entering Romania at Borş border
crossing point.
pag. 66 67
USEFUL INFORMATION
TOURIST INFORMATION CENTERS
For guidance and information regarding Sibiu’s
landmarks please visit us to receive a free map!
Sibiu City Hall
2 Samuel Brukenthal Street
Tel: 004 0269 208 913
Fax: 004 0269 208 812
www.turism.sibiu.ro
ACCOMODATIONs
AVAILABLE
HERE…
Open:
May 1 – September 30
Monday to Friday: 9 a.m. – 8 p.m.
Saturday and Sunday: 10 a.m. – 6 p.m.
October 1 – April 30
Monday to Friday: 9 a.m. – 5 p.m.
Saturday and Sunday: 9 a.m. – 1 p.m.
Sibiu International Airport
73 Alba Iulia Road
Tel: 004 0269 253 999
Fax: 004 0269 208 812
www.turism.sibiu.ro
Open:
January 1 – December 31
Monday to Friday: 9.30 a.m. – 5.30 p.m.
@Silvana Armat
@Dan Şuşa
pag. 68 69
Type
Name
Stars
Address
Phone
E-mail
Website
Type
Name
Stars
Address
Phone
E-mail
Website
Hotel
Hilton
5*
Str. Pădurea Dumbrava Nr. 1
004 0269 505 600
[email protected]
www.sibiu.hilton.com
Hotel
Grand Hotel
2*
004 0743 619 223
[email protected]
www.grandhotelsb.ro
Hotel
Continental Forum
4*
Str. Piața Unirii Nr. 10
004 0372 692 692
[email protected]
www.continentalhotels.ro
Hotel
Pamira
2*
Str.Calea Şurii Mici Nr. 39
004 0269 220217
[email protected]
www.pamira.ro
Hotel
Golden Tulip Ana Tower
4*
Str. Școala de Înot, Nr. 2
004 0269 234 000
[email protected]
www.goldentulipsibiu.ro
Hotel
Sonne
2*
Str.Stefan cel Mare Nr 47A
004 0369 426 026
004 0744 939 484
[email protected]
www.sonne.ro
Hotel
Levoslav House
4*
Str. General Magheru Nr. 12
004 0269 216 185
004 0788 143 438
[email protected]
www.levoslav.ro
Boarding house
Vicenza Square
5*
Str. Turnului Nr. 17
004 0732 950 332
[email protected]
www.vicenzasquare.ro
Hotel
Ramada
4*
Str. Emil Cioran Nr. 2
004 0269 235 505
[email protected]
www.ramadasibiu.ro
Boarding house
Carmen
4*
Str Podului Nr. 79 B (Str. Viilor,
FN)
004 0736 443 443 [email protected]
www.pensiunecarmen.ro
Hotel
Am Ring
3*
Piața Mare Nr. 14
004 0269 206 499
[email protected]
www.amringhotel.ro
Boarding house
La Residenta
4*
Str. Cărbunelui Nr. 5
004 0722 380 822
[email protected]
www.larezidenta.ro
Hotel
Ana Airport
3*
Șos. Alba Iulia Nr. 120
004 0755 032 042
004 0269 228 875
[email protected]
www.anaairporthotel.ro
Boarding house
Maria
4*
Str. Înfrățirii Nr .13A
004 0269 227 203
004 0751 105 705
[email protected]
www.pensiunea-romaria.ro
Hotel
Apollo Hermannstadt
3*
Str. Nicolae Teclu Nr. 14
004 0269 212 465
[email protected]
www.hah.ro
Boarding house
Palazzo
4*
Str. Moldoveanu Nr. 19
004 0369 446 968
[email protected]
www.pensiuneapalazzo.ro
Hotel
Bliss
3*
Str Calea Turnișorului Nr. 116
004 0744 628 814
[email protected]
www.hotelbliss.ro
Boarding house
Smarald
4*
Str. Hipodromului Nr. 3
004 0369 566 999
004 0747 751 574
[email protected] www.pensiuneasmarald.ro
Hotel
Class
3*
Str. Rahovei Nr. 40
004 0269 206 999
[email protected]
www.hotel-class.ro
Boarding house
Acasă
3*
Str. Ştefan cel Mare Nr. 124
004 0369 439 347
004 0374 939 391
[email protected]
www.acasasibiu.ro
Hotel
Eden
3*
004 0369 452 025
[email protected]
www.hoteledensb.ro
Boarding house
Alexia
3*
Str.G-ral David Praporgescu
Nr.1A
004 0746 920 771
[email protected]
*
Hotel
Gallant
3*
B-dul. Victoriei Nr. 55
004 0269 215 975
[email protected]
www.gallant.ro
Boarding house
Ambra
3*
Str N.Iorga Nr.16
004 0269 442 572
004 0741 746 689
[email protected]
www.pensiunea-ambra.ro
Hotel
Ibis
3*
Str. Calea Dumbrăvii Nr. 2-4
004 0269 218 100
[email protected]
www.ibishotels.ro
Boarding house
Amso
3*
Str. Prejbei Nr. 5A
004 0269 242 666
004 0722 318 788
[email protected]
www.pensiunea-amso.ro
Hotel
Împăratul Romanilor
3*
Str. Nicolae Bălcescu Nr.4
004 0269 216 500
[email protected]
www.sibiu.
imparatulromanilor.ro
Boarding house
Artemis
3*
Str. E. A. Bieltz Nr. 59
004 0748 287 824
[email protected]
www.pensiunea-artemis.ro
Hotel
Libra
3*
Str. Calea Gușteriței Nr. 21-23
004 0369 428 000
[email protected]
www.hotel-libra.ro
Boarding house
Baroc
3*
Str. Semănătoarelor Nr. 38
004 0745 835 951
[email protected]
www.pensiuneabaroc.ro
Hotel
Parc
3*
Str. Școala de Înot Nr. 1-3
004 0269 423 559;
[email protected]
www.hotelparcsibiu.ro
Boarding house
Belașcu
3*
Calea Turnișorului Nr. 116
004 0744 762 814
[email protected]
www.belascu.ro
Hotel
Premier
3*
Str. Gen. Vasile Milea Nr. 76
004 0269 244 804
[email protected]
www.hotel-sibiu.ro
Boarding house
Cardinal
3*
Str. Justiției Nr. 9
004 0269 214 814
004 0740 655 415
[email protected]
www.cardinalpensiune.ro
Hotel
Rin
3*
Calea Dumbrăvii Nr. 12
004 0369 801 901
[email protected]
www.hotelrinsibiu.ro
Boarding house
Casa Baciu
3*
Str. 9 Mai Nr. 29
004 0269 214 701
004 0733 979 924
[email protected] ricabaciu@
gmail.com
www.casa-baciu.com
Hotel
Roberts
3*
Str. Charles Darwin Nr. 16-18
004 0269 212 222
004 0724 522 071
[email protected]
www.hotelroberts.ro
Boarding house
Casa Burgheză
3*
Str.Fochistilor Nr. 11
004 0369 442 694
004 0724 175 933
[email protected]
*
Hotel
Select
3*
004 0269 243 333
004 0755 548 726
[email protected]
www.hotelselectsibiu.ro
Boarding house
Casa Frieda
3*
Str. Nicolae Bălcescu Nr. 40
004 0269 218 821
[email protected]
www.pensiuneacasafrieda.ro
Hotel
Silva
3*
Aleea Mihai Eminescu Nr. 1
004 0269 243 985
[email protected] www.hotelsilvasibiu.com
Boarding house
Casa Romană I
3*
Str. General Magheru Nr. 40
004 0740 612 270
[email protected]
www.casaromanasibiu.ro
Hotel
Stefani
3*
Calea Turnișorului Nr. 36,
004 0369 452 452
004 0755 115 415
[email protected]
www.hotelstefani.ro
Boarding house
Casa Romană II
3*
str. Rotarilor Nr. 23
004 0745 545 554
[email protected]
www.casaromanasibiu.ro
Type
Name
Stars
Address
Phone
E-mail
Website
Type
Name
Stars
Address
Phone
E-mail
Website
[email protected]
*
Boarding house
Casa Salzburg
3*
Str. Cetății Nr. 46A
004 0369 450 991
[email protected]
www.casasalzburg.ro
Boarding house
Nane
3*
Str. Livezii Nr. 16
004 0269 227 626
004 0721 464 515
Boarding house
Casa Sibianului
3*
Str. 9 Mai Nr. 37
004 0269 243 929
004 0725 928 610
[email protected]
www.casasibianului.ro
Boarding house
Perla Sibiului
3*
Str. Oborul de Vite Nr. 12
004 0269 221 065
004 0744 559 048
[email protected]
*
Boarding house
Casa Veche
3*
str. Liviu Rebreanu Nr. 4
004 0269 213 034
[email protected]
www.casavechesibiu.ro/
Boarding house
Rubin
3*
Piața Crișan Nr. 7C
004 0269 207 680
[email protected]
www.pensiunea-rubin.com
Boarding house
Cibinium
3*
Str. Charles Darwin Nr. 10
004 0269 216 946
004 0722 210 690
[email protected]
www.pensiuneacibinium.ro
Boarding house
Santa Maria
3*
Str. Livezii Nr. 43
004 0269 224 451
004 0743 224 451
[email protected]
www.pensiunesibiu.ro
Boarding house
Cocoșul Roșu
3*
Str. Ocnei Nr. 19
004 0745 143 732
[email protected]
www.cocosulrosu.ro
Boarding house
Tosca
3*
Str. Ana Ipătescu Nr. 51
004 0269 230 385
004 0744 698 869
[email protected]
*
Boarding house
Da Vinci Residence
3*
Str. Calea Dumbrăvii Nr. 36
004 0747 908 054
[email protected]
*
Boarding house
Transilvania
3*
Str. Hipodromului Nr. 9A
004 0269 420 001
004 0754 628 379
[email protected]
www.transilvania-sibiu.ro
Boarding house
Daniel
3*
Str. Măsarilor Nr .1
004 0269 243 924
004 0749 400 738
[email protected]
www.ela-hotels.ro
Boarding house
Verox
3*
Str. Lungă Nr. 53
004 0269 222 456
004 0744 577 756
[email protected]
*
Boarding house
Dumbrava
3*
004 0269 252 935
[email protected]
www.pensiunesb.ro
Boarding house
Ardealul
2*
Str. Călțun Nr. 24
004 0745 503 468
004 0269 243 006
[email protected]
*
Boarding house
Eli
3*
Str. Ecaterina Varga Nr. 11
004 0747 222 602
004 0757 110 309
[email protected]
*
Boarding house
Casa Bianca
2*
Str. E. A. Bieltz Nr. 93 B
004 0744 599 466
[email protected]
www.casa-bianca.ro
Boarding house
Erlen Park
3*
Str. Octavian Goga Nr. 77
004 0269 252 153
004 0742 079 365
[email protected]
www.erlenpark.ro
Boarding house
Casa Spătar
2*
Str. Nicovalei Nr. 5
004 0741 212 844
[email protected]
*
Boarding house
Flamingo
3*
Str. Zorilor Nr. 15
004 0269 230 411
004 0748 267 295
rezervari@pensiuneaflamingosibiu.
ro [email protected]
www.pensiuneaflamingosibiu.ro
Boarding house
Cony
2*
Str. Porumbacului Nr. 22
004 0369 448 867
004 0748 827 219
[email protected]
www.vilacony.ro
Boarding house
Fortuna
3*
Str. AL. I. Cuza Nr. 22
004 0369 429 613
004 0728 758 517
[email protected]
www.pensiuneafortuna.ro
Boarding house
Corina
2*
Șos. Alba-Iulia Nr. 104
004 0269 228 492
004 0724 594 588
[email protected]
www.pensiunecorina.ro
/contact.htm
Boarding house
Gasthof Sara
3*
004 0744 690 833
[email protected]
www.gasthof-sara-sibiu.ro
Boarding house
Costas
2*
B-dul. Vasile Milea Nr. 26
004 0269 212 411
004 0748 100 869
[email protected]
*
Boarding house
Happy Day
3*
Str. Lungă Nr. 2D
004 0269 234 985
004 0722 773 962
[email protected]
www.pensiuneahappyday.ro
Boarding house
Ela
2*
Str. Nouă Nr. 43
004 0269 215 197
004 0744 916 893
[email protected]
www.ela-hotels.ro
Boarding house
Haus Paltinul
3*
Str. Paltinului Nr. 14
004 0269 216 297
004 0728 275 444
[email protected]
www.haus-paltinu.ro
Boarding house
Favorit
2*
004 0744 955 992
[email protected]
www.pensiuneafavoritsibiu.
in-romania.ro
Boarding house
Hermannstadt
3*
Str. Blănarilor Nr. 13
004 0269 212 340
004 0757 316 264
[email protected]
www.pensiuneahermannstadtsibiu.ro
Boarding house
Greenhouse
2*
Str. E. A. Bieltz Nr. 67
004 0269 227 800
[email protected]
web.clicknet.ro/greenhouse/
Boarding house
Kon-Tiki
3*
Str. Tudor Vladimirescu Nr. 10
004 0269 220 350
[email protected]
www.kon-tiki.uv.ro
Boarding house
Ileana
2*
Str. Berăriei Nr. 2
004 0369 427 427
004 0733 841 048
[email protected]
www.pensiuneaileana.ro
Boarding house
Korona
3*
Str.Luptei Nr. 8
004 0269 225 533
004 0731 003 097
[email protected]
www.pensiunea-korona.ro
Boarding house
La Viorel
2*
Str. Lector Nr. 2
004 0269 211 410
004 0741 107 337
[email protected]
www.pensiunealaviorel.ro
Boarding house
Kristine
3*
Str. Luceafărului Nr. 42
004 0269 238 479
004 0721 457 338
[email protected]
www.pensiuneakristine.ro
Boarding house
Laura
2*
Str. Vasile Aaron Nr. 18
004 0269 244 826
004 0722 215 412
[email protected]
www.pensiunea-laura.ro
Boarding house
Lion
3*
Str. Moldoveanu Nr. 41
004 0728 936 348
[email protected]
www.pensiunealion.ro
Boarding house
Luceafărul
2*
Str. Ioan Lupaș Nr. 2
004 0269 232 232
004 0722 551 073
[email protected]
www.luceafarulsibiu.ro
Boarding house
Magnolia
3*
004 0269 250 325
004 0745 267 276
[email protected]
www.pensiuneamagnolia.ro
Boarding house
Nelu Klein
2*
004 0269 252 111
[email protected]
www.nelu-klein.ro
Boarding house
Maria
3*
Str. Viilor Nr. 101
004 0744 854 052
[email protected]
*
Boarding house
Nero
2*
004 0751 142 153
[email protected]
*
Boarding house
Millenium
3*
Str. Ștrandului Nr. 11
004 0269 226 230
004 0757 267 985
[email protected]
www.pensiunea-millenium.ro
Type
Name
Stars
Address
Phone
E-mail
Website
Type
Name
Stars
Address
Phone
E-mail
Website
Boarding house
Podul Mincinoșilor
2*
Str. Azilului Nr. 1
004 0269 217 259
004 0747 053 457
[email protected]
www.ela-hotels.ro
Rooms to let
Grand Central
3*
Str. Șelarilor nr. 5
004 0722 256 938
[email protected]
www.travelspecialist.ro
Boarding house
Richiard
2*
Str. Anton Pann Nr. 25
004 0369 436 632
004 0752 572 546
*
*
Rooms to let
Huet Residence
3*
Piața Huet, Nr.3, Whg.3
004 0727 999 111
004 0369 101 836
[email protected]
www.huet-residence.ro
Boarding house
Turist
2*
Str. Rahovei Nr. 101
004 0269 242 050
004 0740 246 825
[email protected]
*
Rooms to let
Siebenburgen
3*
Str. Daliei Nr.2
004 0742 727 869
office@siebenburgen-apartments.
com
www.siebenburgen-apartments.
com
Boarding house
Casa Arcaș
1*
Str.16 Februarie Nr. 2A
004 0745 056 099
[email protected]
*
Rooms to let
Budac Veronica
2*
Str. Anton Pann Nr. 9A
004 0751 361 084
004 0269 250 046
*
*
Villa
Casa Cristina
3*
Str. Lucian Blaga Nr. 13
004 0757 881 299
004 0269 250 286
[email protected]
www.casacristinasibiu.ro
Rooms to let
Casa Conțiu
2*
Str. Bahluiului Nr. 20
004 0745 251 457
[email protected]
www.casa-contiu.xhost.ro
Villa
Casa Weidner
3*
Piața Mare Nr. 16
004 0369 453 999
004 0740 254 460
[email protected]
www.villaweidner.ro
Rooms to let
Downtown Studio
2*
Str. Târgu Peștelui Nr. 17
004 0722 256 938
[email protected]
HOSTEL
Center
2*
Str. Avram Iancu Nr. 15
004 0745 089 492 004 0744 703 950
[email protected]
www.hostel-center.ro
Rooms to let
La Carul cu Flori
2*
Str. Luptei Nr. 34
004 0744 355 822
004 0269 244 312
[email protected]
*
HOSTEL
Centrum
2*
Str. Gheorghe Lazăr Nr. 6
004 0369 801 667
004 0747 534 998
[email protected]
www.centrumhostel.ro
Apartament-hotel
Central
3*
Str. Nicolae Bălcescu Nr. 1 -3
004 0722 149 011
004 0269 233 707
[email protected]
*
HOSTEL
Diana
2*
Pădurea Dumbrava Nr. 16 - 20
004 0269 202 451
004 0756 085 795
centruldeinformare@muzeulastra.
ro
www.muzeulastra.ro
Apartament-hotel
Grand Central 3
3*
Str. Aleea Țesătorilor Nr. 3, Bl. 2,
Whg. 12
004 0722 256 938
[email protected]
HOSTEL
La Padre
2*
Str. Someșului Nr. 14
004 0269 211 441
004 0722 258 715
[email protected]
www.la-padre.ro
Apartament-hotel
O’tha Apartament
3*
Str. Lucian Blaga Nr. 8
004 0754 777 060
*
*
HOSTEL
Sibiu Travelers
2*
Str. Teilor Nr. 4
004 0269 238 161
004 0766 242 874
[email protected]
www.sibiutravelershostel.com
Apartament-hotel
Vopsitorilor
3*
Str. Vopsitorilor Nr. 21
004 0743 414 764
[email protected]
*
HOSTEL
Welt
2*
Str. Nicolae Bălcescu Nr. 13
004 0269 700 704
004 0731 280 210
[email protected] info@
welthostel.ro
www.weltkultur.ro
Apartament-hotel
Grand Central
2*
Str. Regele Ferdinand Nr. 8,
aWhg. 1
004 0722 256 938
[email protected]
HOSTEL
Pangeea
1*
Str. Avram Iancu Nr. 4
004 0369 801 232
004 0747 294 806
[email protected]
www.sibiuhostel.ro
Apartament-hotel
Tourism &Accomodation
2*
B-dul. Vasile Milea BL. 1
004 0722 551 073
[email protected]
*
HOSTEL
The Old Town
1*
Piața Mică Nr. 26
004 0269 216 445
[email protected]
www.hostelsibiu.ro
[email protected]
www.hanvestem.ro/
Type
Name
Stars
Address
Phone
E-mail
Website
HOTEL
Cindrel
4*
Păltiniș
004 0269 574 056
[email protected]
www.hotelcindrel.ro
HOTEL
Hohe Rinne Păltiniș
Hotel&SPA
4*
Păltiniș
004 0269 215 000
004 0745 300 134
[email protected]
www.hoherinne.ro
MOTEL
Hanul Veștem
3*
Dumbrava Sibiului - Muzeul Astra
004 0269 252 948
004 0745 703 845
CAMPING
Ananas
3*
Str.Pinului
004 0269 566 066
004 0741 746 689
[email protected]
www.ananas7b.de
Rooms to let
Andra
3*
Str. Mirăslău Nr. 1
004 0722 275 062
004 0369 429 982
[email protected]
www.cazare-sibiu-andra.com
Rooms to let
Casa Ivan
3*
Str. Călugăreni Nr. 34
004 0744 750 038
004 0269 233 991
[email protected]
www.casaivan.ro
Rooms to let
Casa Luxemburg
3*
Piața Mică Nr. 16
004 0269 216 854
004 0745 374 006
[email protected]
www.casaluxemburg.ro
Rooms to let
Casa Manu
3*
Str. Gheorghe Dima Nr. 7
004 0751 432 893
[email protected]
*
Rooms to let
Casa Roth
3*
Str. Ion Creangă Nr. 26
004 0269 234 347
004 0743 809 050
[email protected]
www.casa-roth.de
Rooms to let
Downtown Studio
3*
Str. Târgu Vinului Nr. 6
004 0722 256 938
[email protected]
PĂLTINIŞ
Made by the Sibiu County Tourism Association
Text: Mihaela Kloos-Ilea
Translated by: Veronica & Lucian Niculescu
Edited by the Department for Culture, Sports and Tourism of the City Hall Sibiu
Design: ImagineTact
To be distributed for free.

SIBIU - HERMANNSTADT

Transcription

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