agroforesterie viticole : resultats de 11 ans d`etude sur la production

AGROFORESTRY AND VITICULTURE :
RESULTS OF A 11­YEARS STUDY ON THE
PRODUCTION AND VIGOUR OF THE VINES
AGROFORESTERIE VITICOLE : RESULTATS DE 11 ANS
D'ETUDE SUR LA PRODUCTION ET LA VIGUEUR DES VIGNES
William TRAMBOUZE
Nathalie GOMA­FORTIN
Where does it stand ?
What has been done ?
Experimental plots were planted in
1997 in the south of France, 15 km
north to Montpellier, on shallow rocky
soils. Climate is characterized by long
dry summers.
Study was mainly conducted on 5
plots planted with Vitis vinifera cv.
Grenache alterning with rows of stone
pine (Pinus pinea) or service trees
(Sorbus domestica).
Planting densities are 2,5x1 m for the
vines and about 110 trees/ha for
trees. Tree rows are 15 m­distant
from one another. Two densities of
competition were tested : high (5 vine
rows between the trees) and low (4
vine rows).
Results show harvest and pruning
measurements for 55 to 281 stocks
samples by plot on year 2011.
Is agroforestry an
alternative for a
different viticulture ?
Observations show no major problems
on the agronomical behaviour of the
vines.
The proximal rows of vines (2,5 m)
are the only ones affected by the
presence of trees. Nevertheless, when
planted at more than 4 metres, the
trees induce no significant compe­
tition with vines, even on these
shallow soils.
The main competition is a nitrogen
competition. Hydric factors are not
discriminant, neither are the light
exposure ones.
Growth is less affected than harvest.
Tree species is relevant in
competition.
First advice can then be given to any
winegrower interested in this way of
cultivating. Trees can be seen as
useful for auxiliary organisms to live
on, for limiting winds, or for providing
an other ressource (wood for energy,
for ebenistry, fruits, ...)
Chambre d'agriculture de l'Hérault ­ France
[email protected]
What is the purpose ?
Agroforestry is an ancient and traditional method of cultivating vines. The way it was conducted
then is not adapted to modern vineyards, and especially mechanization. Consequently, modern
agroforestry often consists in rows of trees alterning with rows of vines.
Vinegrowers remain suspicious about competitions between trees and vines (light, trophic, water
competitions). As far as we know, no long­term study have been conducted yet to answer them
about this competition, whether it does exist or not.
This study is dedicated to the mid­term effects of the presence of tree rows among vine plots on
the agronomical behaviour of vines after 13 years of association.
Low
planting density
High
planting density
Harvest
(kg / stock)
Pruning
weight
(kg / stock)
Available
nitrogen in
juice
at harvest
(mg/l)
Main agronomical results for Grenache vines associated with service trees ( ) and stone
pines ( ) in both planting density, related to the distance between vine and tree rows.
Principaux résultats agronomiques obtenus sur grenache associé au cormier ( ) et pin
pignon ( ) pour les 2 densités de plantation, en liaison avec la distance entre les rangs
d'arbre et de vigne
The authors thank the
General council of
Herault for their financial
support