dochistoric overlay standards - City-County Planning Commission of
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historic overlay standards - City-County Planning Commission of
Historic PreservaƟon Board 2015 HISTORIC OVERLAY STANDARDS Bowling Green, Kentucky ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This publica on was joint effort between the following community Boards and Commissions: HISTORIC PRESERVATION BOARD Sandy McAllister David Edwin Southard Johnston Boyd Brian Lowder Greg Gay CITY COUNTY PLANNING COMMISSION Velma Runner Tim Huston Doug Martens Albert Rich Lewis Clark Chuck Coppinger Kenneth Sparks Larkin Ri er Bennie Jones John Atkerson Mary Belle Ballance Dean Warren BOWLING GREEN BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS Bruce Wilkerson, Mayor Melinda Hill, Commissioner Joe Denning, Commissioner Sue Parrigin, Commissioner Rick Williams, Commissioner Cover photo courtesy of Library of Congress [This page left blank intentionally.] TABLE OF CONTENTS ARTICLE I. INTRODUCTION 5 ARTICLE II. LOCAL HISTORIC DISTRICTS 7 ARTICLE III. NATIONAL REGISTER DISTRICTS 10 ARTICLE IV. ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING STYLES SECTION 4.01 RESIDENTIAL SECTION 4.02 COMMERCIAL 13 13 19 ARTICLE V. DESIGN STANDARDS SECTION 5.01 OVERALL APPROACH AND POLICY SECTION 5.02 RESIDENTIAL EXISTING SECTION 5.03 RESIDENTIAL NEW SECTION 5.04 COMMERCIAL EXISTING SECTION 5.05 COMMERCIAL NEW 24 24 24 44 51 59 ARTICLE VI. DEFINITIONS SECTION 7.01 PROCEDURAL SECTION 7.02 TECHNICAL SECTION 7.03 ARCHITECTURAL 62 62 62 65 ARTICLE VII. APPENDICES APPENDIX A Local Historic District Map - Zoning Exhibit G1 APPENDIX B Warren County Zoning Ordinance APPENDIX C Secretary of Interiors Standards for Rehabilita on 73 74 76 93 [This page left blank intentionally.] ARTICLE I. INTRODUCTION Photo courtesy Kentucky Library & Museum, WKU. The City of Bowling Green and Warren County formally adopted their Historic Preservaon Ordinance in April of 1990. The Ordinance directed the City County Planning Commission of Warren County to incorporate the Bowling Green Historic Preserva on Board into the Zoning Ordinance/Resolu on of Warren County. The purpose and intent of the preserva on ordinance is to: • • • • • • Maintain and preserve the dis nc ve historic and architectural characteris cs of areas and buildings in Bowling Green. Promote and use these areas and buildings to strengthen the economy of the City and enhance its a rac ons to residents, visitors and tourists. Promote the educa onal, cultural and general welfare of the people. Stabilize and improve property values in historic districts and in the City as a whole. Foster civic pride in the value of notable accomplishments of the past. Enhance the visual and aesthe c character, diversity and interest of the City. W«ù EÝ㽮ݫ DÝ®¦Ä SãÄÙÝ? Design standards are one of the tools of historic preserva on. They provide the Historic Preserva on Board (HPB), local officials, residents and property owners in Bowling Green and Warren County’s historic neighborhoods with established criteria for the preserva on and rehabilita on of their historic resources. The standards define the historic character of the districts, iden fy historic periods and styles, outline appropriate rehabilita on methods, and recommend acceptable standards for new construc on. The purpose of these Overlay Standards is to provide the Historic Preserva on Board with standard and objec ve criteria on which to base design decisions. The Overlay Standards also provide design assistance to property owners desiring to build or remodel in historic districts. 5 [This page le blank inten onally.] ARTICLE II. LOCAL HISTORIC DISTRICTS Upper East Main Street Historic District: This district is a highly concentrated group of late 19th and early 20th century residences located between the historic core of Bowling Green and Reservoir Hill, the site of one of the Confederate forts that ringed the city. The structures are united both by their architectural significance and by the entrepreneurial backgrounds of their original owners. This district is also listed on the Na onal Register of Historic Places. Downtown Commercial Historic District: This district consists of a concentrated group of 19th and early 20th century commercial, governmental, and religious structures. It comprises the original center of Bowling Green; the original courthouse square; the principal buildings of the city, county, and federal governments; and the key, three-block long strip of commercial structures that connects the railroad with the Square. Unfortunately, the majority of the 19th century structures which once stood along the lower Main Street route have been demolished during the last twenty-five years. This district is also listed on the Na onal Register of Historic Places. College Hill Historic District: The spine of this residen al district is State Street, a principal north-south arterial that connects the Downtown Commercial Historic District with the campus of Western Kentucky University. The district also includes por ons of College and Chestnut Streets parallel with State Street. The area is a highly concentrated group of 19th and early 20th century residences and churches with architectural and historic significance. Styles, forms, and construc on methods are freely mixed throughout the district with the majority of the structures having been built between 1840 and 1930. This district is also listed on the Na onal Register of Historic Places. Chestnut-Dodd Historic District: This block of Chestnut Street developed around 1895 with the majority of new buildings, addi ons and subdivision of lots taking place between 1901 and 1908. Its period of significance is from 1895 to 1920. During this period, it represented owner-occupied housing of the middle to upper class, such as grocers, jewellers and conductors for the L & N Railroad. In the 1930s and 1940s it served mostly as rental property. Current use is commercial and mul -family residen al. 7 1509 401 0 0 44 14 111 0 1417 450 422 410 340 0 0 0 311 1401 711 713 720 716 718 0 330 300 1377 659 657 651 647 643 641 1408 725 723 COLLEGE HILL 338 330 334 324 0 0 1325 1321 652 650 644 640 632 626 624 524 1303 0 1301 0 0 0 0 0 205 1301 13TH AVE 220 224 200 1282 106 110 ALLEY 522 0 516 1317 0 0 1346 1349 1336 210 1285 1331 1271 1280 1269 0 1320 526 1303 725 639 637 633 627 621 518 522 521 617 516 740 720 724 644 632 636 642 628 1239 1240 213 213 622 620 718 420 424 414 0 0 324 322 316 1271 519 419 423 321 315 311 1306 1260 1234 KENTUCKY ST 1266 1252 1248 1246 1231 1265 1257 1253 1249 1243 1239 1235 1231 1225 0 1219 213 1211 1225 217 223 123 127 1226 1223 1201 718 708 630 724 1161 636 1141 1121 1121 1139 1133 1129 721 727 735 717 704 712 707 713 1101 533 718 650 648 728 1046 1043 1019 1035 1031 731 725 721 711 707 703 1011 716 740 712 708 710 UPPER EAST MAIN 702 630 636 640 624 556 558 931 925 556 800 800 707 800 800 707 800 800 920 640 635 802 803 653 643 800 641 621 623 639 635 629 625 803 812 816 804 651 625 0 701 807 811 627 615 615 0 604 546 605 600 601 0 0 0 601 229 614 225 809 Local Historic Designation 522 524 526629 636 740 ALLEY 523 615 515 517 CHESTNUT DODD 621 0 00 0 0 5380 CENTER ST 0 0 0 0 0 0 314 638 HILLCREST DR 725 419 710 325 327 321 323 0 300 62 7 ADAMS ST 0 632 742 Local Historic District 660 757 652 656 638 630 624 648 620 ALLEY 0 319 711 707 0 CHESTNUT ST 528 522 719 0 318 440 0 116 UNNAMED ALLEY 516 COLLEGE ST 813 790 DOWNTOWN COMMERCIAL 801 PARK ST 638 628 624 610 826 522 618 548 544 520 500 410 416 400 322 840 420 426422 428 430 4340 438 0 442 827 446 408 330 334 340 310 316 326 322 300 304 840 308 240 230 220 224 214 202 206 212 208 824 150 554 562 562 562 562 562562 562 562 604 700 800 800 905 633 635 627 615 621 613 902 800 919 561 553 545 549 533 0 908 910 906 900 914 912 904 425 311 301 241 221 911 707 545 800 423 427 431 433 920 411 415 921 927923 921 929 926 522 922 443 419 401 550 522 0 418 410 330 324 316 932 943 939 935 929 825 739 729 126 128 943939 935 937 10TH AVE 154 ELM ST 1018 519 523 525 511 331 319 303 139 313 1015 0 641 1017 1001 429 429 637 631 625 619 607 601 1024 1023 1011 125 131 135 CENTER ST 1029 1023 1019 1027 1020 310 1010 1039 304 1026 1035 416 410 414 1039 104 0 1032 1029 810 800 731 0 736 723 0 715 716 701 154 1044 724 640 630 415 1046 11TH AVE 1031 1018 1011 1003 PARK ROW 738 732 728 720 718 714 700 636 158 624 1048 1046 616 614 419 1101 311 0 700 1117 1113 161 1114 701 1123 1116 1110 1101 123 129 135 665 653 659 649 643 637 631 603 607 611 613 621 627 1127 1109 STATE ST 1115 UNNAMED ALLEY 727 1213 735 719 702 1212 703 707 660 661 0 0 626 620 622 1150 ALLEY 652 656 304 1149 1149 655 416 318 308 646 1173 1167 310 1151 1148 1140 651 713 1204 1205 531 523 525 305 321 315 307 311 1183 1177 1211 1202 118 324 1160 1347 1339 340 1346 1343 1340 1329 1320 1270 1268 1311 13TH AVE 1265 1327 0 0 0 0 0 1355 1340 1338 1328 1331 1329 1323 1324 1325 1311 1310 1317 1314 1319 1318 1303 1302 1262 1244 1240 1229 1228 1224 1217 12TH AVE 1220 1211 1123 108 1375 1415 1413 0 1366 1405 0 1410 1425 1400 1362 1403 1341 0 1426 1408 1400 1358 1357 1349 1333 1327 1328 1319 1311 1303 1267 1238 1253 1245 1224 1220 1215 UNNAMED ALLEY 323 12TH AVE 1149 1147 524 1141 11TH AVE 113 1260 1261 1252 1246 1237 1234 1218 0 1356 1352 1353 1348 1340 1345 1257 1253 1250 1327 1322 1310 1302 1265 1247 1235 1214 1215 1217 1201 1202 418 1143 1141 1111 1126 1106 602 1045 1044 700 7TH AVE 628 0 0 513 601 106 1353 1349 1334 1326 1323 1318 1315 1309 530 1262 1241 1242 1246 1229 1229 1236 1140 1130 1120 1046 1031 102 0 1017 1007 1002 918 911 423 801 8TH AVE 737 733 729 725 719 715 708 707 701 631 634 627 616 FAIRVIEW CT ALLEY 611 109 CABE LL DR 1310 1303 1268 1308 1302 13TH AVE 1259 1253 1231 648 1029 1028 1028 1022 537 921 816 810 804 738 728 720 712 0 1505 704 621 61 5 625 0 145 6 14 46 1352 1346 1340 1347 1250 1243 1249 1341 1337 1328 1327 1324 1318 1311 1241 1229 1215 1118 1017 1022 645 639 1123 1121 1112 11TH AVE 1035 1019 1018 1013 948 942 941 753 751 754 609 1417 1407 14TH AVE 1357 1350 1344 1337 1338 1332 1319 1315 1244 643 1303 1310 1240 1225 1230 1225 1220 1216 1215 523 1203 1153 12TH AVE 1125 1122 1123 1120 1117 1105 1043 1036 727 1012 10TH AVE 945 946 928 918 919 801 758 649 SUNSET DR 61 4 641 936 935 931 925 919 912 MAIN AVE 813 811 647 631 603 607 605 612 635 COLLEGE HEIGHTS BLVD 1438 1436 1414 1423 1402 1400 1366 1362 1356 1341 1455 1453 1447 1437 14 28 1435 1429 1422 1425 1416 1371 1359 1363 1359 1337 1333 1327 1319 1315 1313 1311 1307 1310 723 1258 1234 1231 1215 604 0 15 01 14 38 1435 1435 1409 1417 1405 1403 72 4 702 1227 04 15 610 1430 1332 1119 610 612 608 602 730 1501 1434 523 1033 1027 917 610 601 727 6TH AVE 5 25 1401 03 14 1351 1341 1310 1137 1133 1116 814 606 608 606 604 550 8 Historic Preserva on Overlay Standards 1403 1405 1421 1399 1244 1242 7 122 1001 903 326 750 625 631 635 1 62 3 64 618 604 Ar cle II. Local Historic Districts [This page le blank inten onally.] ARTICLE III. NATIONAL REGISTER DISTRICTS IN BOWLING GREEN Bowling Green has six districts that are listed in the Na onal Register: Downtown Commercial District, Upper East Main Street District, College Hill District, Western Kentucky University Thema c District-Brinton B. Davis Buildings, St. Joseph’s District, and Magnolia Street District. Photo courtesy Kentucky Library & Museum, WKU. Downtown Commercial District: This district consists of a concentrated group of 19th and early 20th century commercial, governmental, and religious structures. It comprises the original center of Bowling Green; the original courthouse square; the principal buildings of the city, county, and federal governments; and the key, three-block long strip of commercial structures that connects the railroad with the Square. Unfortunately, the majority of the 19th century structures which once stood along the lower Main Street route have been demolished during the last twenty-five years. Upper East Main Street District: This district is a highly concentrated group of late 19th and early 20th century residences located between the historic core of Bowling Green and Reservoir Hill, the site of one of the Confederate forts that ringed the city. The structures are united both by their architectural significance and by the entrepreneurial backgrounds of their original owners. 10 Historic Preserva on Overlay Standards Ar cle III. Na onal Register Districts in Bowling Green College Hill District: The spine of this residen al district is State Street, a principal north-south arterial that connects the Downtown Commercial Historic District with the campus of Western Kentucky University. The district also includes por ons of College and Chestnut Streets parallel with State Street. The area is a highly concentrated group of 19th and early 20th century residences and churches with architectural and historic significance. Styles, forms, and construc on methods are freely mixed throughout the district with the majority of the structures having been built between 1840 and 1930. St. Joseph’s District: Located at the western end of Main Street and across the Louisville and Nashville Railroad tracks from the downtown area, this primarily residen al district is connected with Bowling Green’s first industrial area. It consists, largely of workers’ houses built between 1860 and 1940. The religious and architectural focus of the semi-autonomous community was St. Joseph’s Roman Catholic Church at 426-434 Church Street augmented by the 1890s addi on of New Bethel Bap st Church. The houses encompass all of the popular forms of the late 19th and early 20th century in both brick and frame construc on. Western Kentucky University ThemaƟc District-Brinton B. Davis Buildings: In 1909, the Board of Regents of Western Kentucky State Normal School employed Brinton B. Davis as building architect and Henry Wright as landscape architect to draw a Master Plan for the campus. Although very few features of the plan were adopted by the Board of Regents, the concept of clustering the principal structures around the summit of College Hill survived and eleven of the twelve buildings designed by Davis for the Western Kentucky University campus remain in this district. Magnolia Street District: The Magnolia Street Historic District is a small residen al district of single-family dwellings comprising both sides of the 1000 and 1100 blocks of Magnolia Street. This area was developed as part of an early 20th century subdivision known as the Fairground Addi on. The Fairground Addi on Number 1 to the City of Bowling Green was pla ed in 1912 in six sec ons consis ng of 145 lots, and was laid out in the typical grid format with intersec ng parallel 60 foot streets. The Magnolia District includes two sec ons of the original plat with all houses except two constructed between 1920 and 1925. Architecturally, the district is characterized by a large concentra on of the Bungalow style. 11 [This page le blank inten onally.] ARTICLE IV. ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING STYLES The illustra ons and descrip ons that follow are intended to assist in iden fying the stylis c character of buildings in Bowling Green and Warren County, and to provide direc on for their restora on or rehabilita on. SECTION 4.01 A.) F RESIDENTIAL BUILDING STYLES S . 1780-1820 The Federal style is typified by a low-pitched roof, flat facade, large glazed window areas and ellip cal fan-light with flanking slender sidelights. Geometric forms such as polygonal or bowed bays accentuate the rhythm of the exterior as well as indicate dimensions in interior spaces. Tripart windows are o en framed in recessed arches. Ornamental elements found on many of the houses during this period herald the work of Robert Adam. Exteriors are usually of smooth brick finish with fine joints. An example of the Federal Style is the home at 1234 State Street, Bowling Green. 13 Ar cle IV. Architectural Building Styles B.) G R S . 1820-1860 The Greek Revival style is based on the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders in ancient Greek architecture. The Greek Revival style was commonly employed in the construc on of public and religious buildings, but also came to be closely associated with the country's prosperity in the early nineteenth century. In its urban residen al form, it is commonly characterized by a dominant fullheight por co on a broad, two-story facade. The entry o en contains a paneled door with a surround of engaged columns and a transom and sidelights. The cornice lines may be emphasized with a wide band of trim or a band of windows in the frieze. The house at 1253 State Street, Bowling Green is an example of the Greek Revival Style. 14 Historic Preserva on Overlay Standards Ar cle IV. Architectural Building Styles C.) I S . 1840-1880 The Italianate style began in England in reac on to the formal classical ideals that had dominated art and architecture for two centuries. The style is decora ve and can be applied to any house form: I-house, double-pile central hall plan, and gabled ell. When built in the gabled ell plan, a square tower may be added in the corner of the ell and the style becomes Italian Villa, popular for country estates. Dis nguishing elements of the style are the tall, narrow windows that are almost always hooded, bracketed, or framed with ornate molding. Window sashes are either two-over-two or one-over-one double-hung sash, o en paired and in arched frames. The cornice of the building is always bracketed with ornately carved-paired brackets. Like the windows, the entrances are highly decorated with elaborate surrounds that are hooded, bracketed, or arched. The roof is flat or has a low-pitched pedimented hip. The house at 1267 State Street, Bowling Green is an example of the Italianate Style. 15 Ar cle IV. Architectural Building Styles D.) Q A S . 1880-1910 Queen Anne houses are irregular in plan with hipped or gable roofs that are somemes punctuated by towers or cupolas. One of the most pronounced characteris cs of the style is the porch. On larger high-style houses, it wraps around two or more façades and is supported by milled columns, balusters, and brackets. The front facade is o en dominated by a cross gable or tower with canted corners. Decora ve wood shingles in mul ple pa erns and jig-sawn vergeboards elaborate the gable fields. Windows are usually one-over-one double-hung sash, with colored border glass common in the upper sash. Some Bowling Green houses display various detailing in brick and stone. Frame houses were clad with weatherboard and painted bright colors. S ck Style, Eastlake, and Shingle Style are all decora ve treatments included in the context of the Queen Anne form. The asymmetrical forms of the Queen Anne combined with details of the Colonial Revival became the free classic form that was common un l about 1910 (628 E. Main, Bowling Green is an example of the Queen Anne Style). 16 Historic Preserva on Overlay Standards Ar cle IV. Architectural Building Styles E.) C R S . 1890-1940 The Colonial Revival style is an example of the rebirth in interest in the American colonial past. Iden fying features of the style include symmetrical building plans, classical porch columns and eave decora on such as modillion blocks or den ls. Fanlights are o en found above doors and sidelights are also popular. Windows are o en paired, with mul -light glazing in double-hung sashes. Palladian windows are common. The roof is side-gabled or hipped. In the late nineteenth century, transi onal examples were built with Colonial Revival elements adapted to the asymmetrical Queen Anne plan. Simplified versions of this style are known as American Foursquares and many examples are found in Bowling Green and Warren County neighborhoods. Colonial Revival forms built in the 1920s and 1930s may also be found in the various neighborhoods. The house at 620 E.13th Street, Bowling Green is an example of the Colonial Revival Style. 17 Ar cle IV. Architectural Building Styles F.) B S . 1895-1940 The Bungalow style became the most common na onal style in the early part of the twen eth century. Bungalows are characterized by square plans with low-pitch gable or hipped roofs, o en with shed roof dormers. Windows are double-hung sash with three or more ver cal lights in the top sash and a single-light bo om sash. Like the Queen Anne houses, bungalows are characterized by their porches, which usually extend across the front facade and are supported by tapered columns resting on stone, frame or brick piers. Side or second-story porches o en acquired secondary func ons as dining areas or summer sleeping quarters. In contrast to the ver cal emphasis in Victorian styles, Bungalows emphasized the horizontal, with wide windows and wide roof eaves. In many examples, ra er ends and knee braces are visible below the eaves. A house located on the comer of 13th and Park Street, Bowling Green is an example of the Bungalow Style. 18 Historic Preserva on Overlay Standards Ar cle IV. Architectural Building Styles SECTION 4.02 COMMERCIAL BUILDING STYLES The buildings in the commercial district are textbook examples of any par cular architectural style. The Italianate style predominates, but the district includes structures that could be classified as Federal, Gothic, Vene an Gothic, Classical, Tapestry Brick, Func onal, Art Deco, and Interna onal. This gamut of styles blends into a fascina ng collec on of commercial structures. Building materials are similar to those found in other Kentucky communi es, the one excep on being the brilliant white limestone facings of many of the buildings. This stone was quarried in Warren County and was known in trade circles as Bowling Green limestone. A.) F S . 1770-1820 The Federal style was created in Scotland chiefly by Robert Adam around the me of the American Revolu on. It was a mixture of the French rococo and Classical architecture. Thus it is generally symmetrical with smooth faced façades accentuated by delicate ornament, including urns, swags, sheaves of wheat and garlands. The Federal style is most recognized for interiors rather than exteriors. Federal style structures are generally square or rectangular, brick or frame and three 19 Ar cle IV. Architectural Building Styles stories tall. Common exterior features include balustrades, domed circular entrances, beau fully scaled and ar culated door and window openings that frequently incorporate fan and oval forms. Columns and moldings are narrow and delicate. Exterior decora on was generally confined to a porch or entrance mo f. Tri-par te windows are o en framed in recessed arches and louvered shu ers are common, as are bull’s eye comer blocks on lintels. Flemish bond brickwork is almost universally used in Federal buildings. One of the best remaining examples of the Federal style is The Quigley-Younglove Building, which originally boasted a magnificent fanlight entrance with sidelights. B.) A D S . 1900-1930 Art Deco takes its name from the Exposi on Interna onale des Arts Decora fs et Industriels Modernes, held in Paris in 1925. This style broke the revivalist tradi on and created something new. It is characterized by a linear, hard edge or angular composi on with a ver cal emphasis and highlighted with stylized decora on. Art Deco ornamenta on consists largely of low-relief geometrical features, o en in the form of parallel straight lines, zigzags, chevrons and stylized floral mo fs. Facades are o en arranged in a series of setbacks emphasizing the geometric form. Strips of windows add to the ver cal feeling of the composi on. Concrete, smooth faced stone and metal were characteris c exterior coverings with accents in terra co a, opaque glass and colored mirrors. Forms were simplified and streamlined. Art Deco was a conscious rejec on of historical styles. The Capitol Theatre is a good example of the Art Deco Style. 20 Historic Preserva on Overlay Standards Ar cle IV. Architectural Building Styles C.) I S . 1840-1880 The Italianate style is a very decora ve and versa le style. It can be as picturesque as the Gothic or as restrained as the Classical. Characteris cs of residen al and commercial Italianate vary li le, the chief difference being that most commercial Italianate buildings lack belvederes, lanterns, or cupolas. Hipped roofs are also quite rare, par cularly in row buildings. Other Italianate features are found in both, including tall, narrow windows with rounded tops, which are generally capped with elaborate hoodmolds. String courses are quite common between stories. Most Italianate structures feature recessed entrances. Cornices can be quite elaborate or severely simple, but they are always bracketed. As Italianate style designs ventured away from the ini al interest in stone and masonry toward cast iron and wood, mass produc on and duplica on of Italianate style designs became quite economical, thus increasing its popularity throughout the United States. The Nahm Building located at 422 E. Main Street is an excellent example of this par cular style. 21 Ar cle IV. Architectural Building Styles D.) T B . 1900 -1950 To facilitate assembly line produc on, factories were elongated. This horizontal orienta on was accentuated by rows of windows with metal casings which were necessary for adequate ligh ng. Windows o en lted out like transoms rather than raising up. Occasionally this horizontal emphasis was enhanced by thin string courses. Most factory style buildings were of masonry construc on with flat roofs and li le ornamenta on. Ornaments might include stylized corner blocks. Variegated masonry was o en u lized to add variety to the façade. Commercial buildings with large warehouses o en preferred the func onal style, which provided large unimpeded storage areas. The Pushin Building which now houses an office supply store at 400 E. Main is an example of this commercial style. 22 Historic Preserva on Overlay Standards [This page le blank inten onally.] ARTICLE V. DESIGN STANDARDS SECTION 5.01 OVERALL APPROACH AND POLICY Design standards serve two important purposes within the context of an overall preserva on plan. First, they provide the Historic Preserva on Board with uniform standards on which to base design review decisions. Secondly, they provide to property owners the necessary informa on regarding appropriate rehabilita on and construc on within a historic district. The principal philosophy behind design standards is the emphasis of preserva on over complete restora on. This outlook is demonstrated through the use of such words as repair, retain, maintain, and protect. It is important to repair original materials rather than replace them; retain original landscaping features like cast iron fences and stone retaining walls; maintain the original fabric because it is integral in displaying historic character, and protect the original se ng of the house to protect its integrity. Design review standards take into account all the aspects that define the historical character of a building and its surroundings. Essen ally these standards apply to the primary and secondary façades of a building that are readily visible to the public, and they apply only to the exteriors of buildings. This overlay standards manual is divided into chapters dealing with rehabilita on, construc on, and demoli on in both residen al and commercial se ngs. Illustrated descrip ons of the architectural details present in Bowling Green have been included to familiarize property owners with the dis nguishing features of different structures. In addi on, procedural, technical, and architectural terms are clearly defined to try to eliminate any “gray areas” that may arise. The appendices include rehabilita on criteria set by the Secretary of the Interior. Every effort shall be made to protect and preserve archeological resources affected by, or adjacent to, any project. SECTION 5.02 RESIDENTIAL DESIGN (EXISTING STRUCTURES) A). S S The streetscape in Bowling Green is made up of streets bordered by concrete sidewalks. Numerous shade trees such as maples and oaks are planted close to the sidewalk. Front yards are bordered at the sidewalk by limestone curbing, hedges, or fences. The houses are zoned for both single-family dwellings and mul family units. Landscape elements include parking areas, plan ngs, sidewalks, fences and ligh ng. Landscape elements in Bowling Green are not restricted, but the following recommenda ons are designed to help maintain an appropriate historic and aesthe c character in each district. 24 Historic Preserva on Overlay Standards Ar cle V. Design Standards (B) L 1. Preserve and maintain exis ng original light fixtures on pre-1940 structures. 2. New fixtures should be simple in design and mounted in the porch ceiling or adjacent to the primary entrance. 3. Ligh ng fixtures mounted directly to the porch ceiling or recessed into it are appropriate. 4. Fixtures mounted adjacent to the primary entrance are also acceptable. 5. New ligh ng designs should replicate fixtures appropriate for the style of the structure. 6. Simple contemporary designs are also appropriate.“Williamsburg” style carriage lights and other eighteenth century designs are not appropriate in the context of Bowling Green’s late nineteenth/early twen eth century character. 7. Small footlights, simple and unobtrusive in design, are preferable to freestanding post-mounted lights for walks and drives. If used, post-mounted lights should not exceed ten feet in height. 8. Fixtures should be brass, copper, or painted metal on posts of wood, cast iron, or painted metal. 9. Security ligh ng is not prohibited but fixtures should be placed in the rear or side yard. (C) W S 1. Preserve and maintain wood siding. 2. Repair and paint every five to ten years as necessary. 3. Always paint exterior walls. Do not stain them unless they were originally stained. 4. Do not use a latex paint over an oil-based paint because this will cause the paint to peel. 5. The use of shingles on Queen Anne and Bungalow style houses is an integral decora ve element that should be preserved. 6. If new paint does not adhere, stripping the original paint may be necessary. Paint may be stripped through scraping or the applica on of chemicals. Abrasive stripping methods, such as sandblas ng, should not be used. 25 Ar cle V. Design Standards 7. Original wood siding should not be covered or replaced. 8. Original wood siding should be preserved and maintained and not be concealed with synthe c siding materials like aluminum, vinyl, rolled asphalt, composi on shingles, or any type of brick or stone veneer. 9. Original details, such as soffits, eaves, and porch ceilings, should not be concealed with ar ficial or synthe c materials. NOTE: Wood siding weathers and acquires a dis nct appearance over me that defines the character of a house and establishes its age and style. Vinyl and aluminum siding is perceived as a cheaper, easily maintained alterna ve to original wood siding. The applica on of ar ficial siding however, can result not only in the loss of decora ve details, but can actually trap moisture and accelerate the decay of the underlying wood siding, thus weakening the structure. 10. New wood siding that is used to repair or replace original siding should be of the same material, profile, and design as the original. 11. Repair of original siding is preferred to replacement with new wood siding. 12. Complete removal of wood siding should not be done unless the original siding has deteriorated beyond repair. Removal should be kept to a minimum NOTE: Repair and replacement of original wood elements should be done with wood and should match the original in profile and design. This includes repair done to siding, shingles, cornices, eaves, sills, molding, and other decora ve features. Repair holes and cracks in siding with caulking to avoid having to replace an en re sec on. If the overall appearance and condi on of the wood is sound, then its replacement should be avoided. 26 Historic Preserva on Overlay Standards Ar cle V. Design Standards (D) M 1. Original masonry should be preserved and maintained. 2. Exterior masonry elements should not be removed or concealed. 3. Repair masonry instead of replacing it. In the case of necessary replacement, new masonry should match the old in color, texture, profile, bond, and size. Brick bonds should not be mixed. 4. Masonry that has not been previously painted should not be painted. Masonry walls may be painted if extensive repairs have led to a patchwork of masonry surfaces and mismatched mortar. NOTE: Bowling Green contains exterior masonry examples of limestone, brick, stone, concrete, and terra co a. Limestone is also used for sills, lintels, quoins, belt courses, and founda ons for brick houses. It is also a decora ve landscape element used for curbing, coping, and retaining walls. Brick is most commonly used for wall construc on and for founda ons of frame houses. Nineteenth century masonry residences were constructed of load bearing brick or stone walls. Brick and stone veneers were not used un l the early twen eth century. Brick veneer walls consist of a single brick course laid up in front of a frame support system. This type of wall became popular in the 1920s in the bungalow style. An original brick surface, whether load bearing or veneer, defines the character and the style of a house and should not be removed or concealed. The most prevalent masonry used in Bowling Green is limestone and brick. Masonry is used primarily for wall surfaces, but can also be used for cornices, pediments, columns, window lintels and sills, and other decora ve building elements. The color, texture, and pa erns of the masonry and mortar joints help define the character of the building. 5. The mortar that bonds the bricks is just as important as the color and texture of the bricks themselves. The mortar used to bond bricks in the late nineteenth and early twen eth centuries is a blend of sand or aggregate and lime. Mortar joints are white or off-white and recessed or slightly raked from the surface of the brick. Some mes color was mixed into the mortar to provide colorful joints. 6. Abrasive methods shall not be used to clean exterior masonry surfaces. 7. The use of detergents and steam cleaners is preferred over the use of chemicals. Sandblas ng and other equally abrasive methods are not recommended. 27 Ar cle V. Design Standards NOTE: The cleaning of unpainted brick should be undertaken only if the need for cleaning is clearly demonstrated. The weathering and light staining of brick over me helps to create its characteris c texture, color, and appearance. Efflorescent staining that results from salt leaching can be harmful and should be cleaned. Before undertaking the wholesale cleaning of a brick façade, there should be careful considera on as to whether or not the expected results are worth the trouble and expense. If brick cleaning is undertaken it should be done by the least abrasive method available. Clean a small test area with any proposed cleaning technique to determine its effec veness and ensure that the method will not damage the brick. Simple detergent cleaning with water and brushes is recommended for removing light layers of dirt and soot. Low pressure rinsing with a pressure head below 500 to 600 pounds per square inch is acceptable. Anything above that could damage the brick and erode the mortar. Steam cleaning is another acceptable method of cleaning brick surfaces. The use of chemicals to remove stains on exterior brick surfaces has recently become a popular and effec ve cleaning method. Chemicals are applied directly to the brick surface and then washed off a er they react with surface materials. Chemical cleaning can be effec ve, but it is costly and must be done only by professionals. If mishandled, this method can be harmful not only to the brick but to the immediate environment. Sandblas ng and other abrasive cleaning methods are not appropriate for brick surfaces and should not be done under any circumstances. Abrasive methods remove the weathered outer pa na of the brick and expose the so inner core to the elements. This can lead to spalling and cracking of bricks and erosion of the mortar joints. 8. Mortar used to repoint masonry walls should match the original in composi on and appearance. New joints should be raked to match the profile of the original. 9. Mortar joints should be hand raked and the use of electric saws or other power tools for mortar removal should only take place by qualified professionals. 10. Most residences have flush or concave joints and repoin ng should follow these original profiles. Mortar should not extend to cover any part of the brick or masonry surface. 11. The use of Portland cement may be 28 Historic Preserva on Overlay Standards Ar cle V. Design Standards acceptable for some buildings constructed in the early twen eth century if the original mortar is Portland cement. The use of Portland cement in quan es greater than 20% of the mortar is not appropriate for pre 1920 masonry buildings because it does not allow for expansion or contrac on as does historic lime mortar. NOTE: Before 1920, most mortar was composed of a mixture of lime and sand. This composi on allows for expansion and contrac on of the joints in hot and cold weather. Mortar used to repoint buildings built prior to 1920 should be of similar composi on and should match the original color. (E) O F W S P M 1. Original brick and stone founda ons should not be altered or concealed. It is inappropriate to cover a founda on with a new stone or brick veneer, rolled asphalt, or a stamped metal screen. 2. Founda ons of poured concrete or hollow core concrete blocks should be retained and preserved. 3. Concrete founda ons should be painted or stuccoed. NOTE: Most of the houses in Bowling Green have solid brick and stone founda on walls. These original founda ons should be preserved and maintained and changes should be as unobtrusive as possible. (F) P 1. An original porch should not be removed from its original loca on. The removal of a porch from its original loca on on the house is inappropriate and results in the loss of the building’s integrity. 2. Original porch elements, such as columns, floors, and rails should not be removed or concealed. 3. Porch elements that have become deteriorated should be repaired rather than replaced. When the severity of deteriora on requires replacement, the new feature should match the original in design, color, texture, and where possible, materials. 4. Porches may be enclosed with screen panels as long as the screens are adequately supported by framing members to prevent sagging. Screen panels should be recessed behind exis ng porch columns. Framing members should be wood, not metal. 5. Porches located on primary facades should not be enclosed to create interior living space. Porches on secondary facades may be enclosed with glass 29 Ar cle V. Design Standards set behind the original columns. The number of framing elements should be minimal. 6. Porch reconstruc on may be allowed, if there is architectural or documented historical evidence that supports the previous existence of a porch. 7. Porches and decks may be added to rear eleva ons as long as they are not easily visible from the street. NOTE: The porch is one of the major defining elements of a residence’s style, age, and character. Basic components of porches include the porch floor, columns, railings, decora ve trim, and ceilings. Porches are used not only as sheltered outdoor space but also serve to provide a transi on between the exterior and the interior of a house. While the overall plan and form of porches remained much the same, porch treatments changed often between 1880 and 1940. NOTE: The preserva on of pre-1940 porch elements on residences is one of the primary guidelines for historic neighborhoods. Porches are one of the most significant defining features of a house and original forms, designs, and details should not be altered. (G) F 1. Original porch floors of wood or concrete should be preserved and maintained. 2. Original wood floors should not be replaced with concrete or brick. 3. Repair deteriorated floors with matching materials. 30 Historic Preserva on Overlay Standards Ar cle V. Design Standards NOTE: The most common type of wood floor is made of narrow tongue and groove boards that are interlocked and laid in one direc on over a structural framework. Porch floors require frequent maintenance because they are exposed to extreme outdoor condi ons. The replacement of the original wood floors with concrete or brick is inappropriate. Poured concrete floors became common a er 1910 and require periodic maintenance. Cracks in concrete floors should be repaired and the surface should be painted a uniform color. (H) C 1. Deteriorated columns should be repaired rather than replaced. Preserve as much of the original column as possible when doing repair work. For example, if the base is all that is damaged, then replace only the base. 2. Subs tute materials should not be used when repairing deteriorated columns. Original porch columns are usually of wood and should not be repaired with or replaced by metal or synthe c materials. 3. If replacement is necessary, use wood columns that match the original wood columns on primary façades. 4. Aluminum or metal columns may be used to repair porches on secondary and rear eleva ons but are discouraged on primary porches. 5. Original wood or brick columns or piers should not be replaced with decora ve wrought iron supports (I) R 1. Original porch rails and balusters should be maintained and preserved. 2. Repair of original porch rails and balusters is preferable to replacement 3. Replacement materials should match the original materials. 4. Porch railings should not be added where one had not previously existed. If safety considera ons require the addi on of a porch rail; the design should 31 Ar cle V. Design Standards be simple with square balusters. (J) S 1. Original concrete, brick, or wood stairs that lead to an exterior entrance should be preserved and maintained whenever possible. Replacement stairs should be similar in design and materials to the original stair. 2. Pre-cast concrete stairs should not be placed on the primary façade. 3. Metal or wrought iron railings or handrails, if required for safety, should be simple in design with square balusters. The use of scroll or corkscrew decora ve railings or balusters should be avoided. 4. Handicapped ramps should be located at a secondary or rear entrance where they do not detract from the visual impact of the primary façade. 5. New ramps should be constructed of wood in simple design that compliments the structure or detracts the least from the integrity of the house. (K) E 1. All original entrance features on residences built prior to 1940 are significant and should be preserved and maintained. 2. Original entrances on primary or readily visible secondary eleva ons should not be altered, enlarged, downsized, or enclosed. 3. New entrance openings should not be added on primary façades or readily visible secondary eleva ons. 4. The altera on or removal of original entrances on rear or secondary façades is discouraged but may be allowed. Original doors that have been removed should be saved. 5. New entrances for mul family dwellings should be added only to rear façades or to façades not readily visible from the street. If new entrances are added to these façades, it is recommended that window openings be enlarged to accommodate the new entrance rather than have extensive removal of original materials. NOTE: The loca on and configura on of original entrance openings is important in defining the character and style of a residence. 6. Maintain and preserve original entrance elements. 7. Stylis c components of the entrance should be preserved. This includes 32 Historic Preserva on Overlay Standards Ar cle V. Design Standards original doors, transoms, sidelights, and surrounds. Original hardware locks, and doorknobs should also be retained. (L) D 1. Replacement of original doors, as well as decora ve features should be done only in cases of significant deteriora on. Replacement materials should match original doors and decora ve feature materials where possible. 2. New or replacement doors on primary and visible secondary eleva ons should be of appropriate design for pre-1940 residences. For residences built between 1880 and 1915 this may include single light glass and wood doors with four or five recessed panels. Doors with mul ple glass light designs or single light designs are appropriate for residences built between 1915 and 1940. 3. Original doors should not be replaced with modern solid core wood doors or other similar varia ons. 4. The original appearance of entrance doors should be preserved. Doors which have not been previously painted should be le in their natural condi on. The pain ng of doors which have a grained or stained finish should only take place if the finish is severely weathered. 5. It is acceptable to replace an original door on a primary façade with an original door from a rear or secondary façade. 6. Screen doors with wood framing members and large screened areas are most appropriate. Framing should be minimal. Screen doors that match the framing arrangement on doors are especially appropriate. NOTE: Doors have always been considered one of the main focal points of the house and o en have been embellished with decora ve panels and molding The houses in Bowling Green’s historic areas display a wide variety of entrances on the main and side eleva ons. Italianate and Queen Anne styles o en display four panel doors of elaborate wood panels and raised moldings. Many excellent examples of Queen Anne style doors exist with such detailing as incised panels, stained glass lights, or milled decora on. Sidelights, transoms, and milled surrounds are also common historic elements. 7. Screen and storm doors shall match the propor ons and designs of the entrance. 8. Original wood screen doors should be preserved and maintained. 33 Ar cle V. Design Standards 9. New screen doors should be constructed of wood in simple designs, which match the framing design on the original door. Doors with ornate designs of wrought iron or similar metals should not be installed. 10. Screen doors should be painted with colors to match the entrance. 11. New storm doors added to entrances on primary façades or visible secondary eleva ons should provide a full view of the original entrance. 12. Storm doors should be of wood or anodized aluminum in dark colors. Aluminum storm doors may also be installed as long as the door is primed and painted and the raw aluminum surface is concealed. 13. Storm doors added to rear entrances or entrances on façades not readily visible from the street should be of plain, full view design. Doors of varying types of metal and glass panels are also acceptable. 14. Security doors should have minimal metal framing and be as full view as possible. Security doors with extensive metal grillwork should not be installed on primary façades but may be installed on rear entrances or entrances not readily visible from the street. NOTE: The use of screen, security or storm doors on primary entrances is acceptable and appropriate as long as the design allows visibility of the original door. (M) S 1. Staircases that lead to upper floor entrances should be constructed on rear or secondary facades, not on primary facades or secondary facades readily visible from the street. 2. Exterior staircases constructed of wood are more appropriate than those of wrought iron or other metal. NOTE: Several large residences in Bowling Green’s historic neighborhoods have been subdivided into mul family dwellings in recent decades. To access upper floor apartments and meet code requirements, it has been necessary to install exterior staircases. (N) W 1. The original window pa ern should be maintained. 2. Original window openings should not be enclosed, reduced, expanded, or concealed. 34 Historic Preserva on Overlay Standards Ar cle V. Design Standards 3. New window openings should not be added to the primary facade or readily visible secondary façades. NOTE: The loca on and size of original window openings are defini ve features of a residence. Historic window openings generally emphasize the ver cal with the height at least double the width. Window altera ons on the rear façades are discouraged but may be allowed as long as these altera ons are not readily visible. 4. Maintain and preserve original window details. 5. The configura on of the original window sash should not be altered. The original windows in this building were replaced by new windows of a different size. This house retains original six-over-six wood windows with operable wood shu ers. 6. Fixed single light window, picture windows, and modern metal windows should not be added on primary or readily visible secondary eleva ons. 7. Original windows should be maintained and repaired with matching materials. Original windows should be replaced only if there has been demonstrable deteriora on. Replacement windows should match the original in dimension and design. 8. Original decora ve surrounds, sills, lintels, and moldings should be preserved when original sashes are replaced. 9. Original stained glass, leaded glass, and other decora ve glass details should not be removed from window openings. Conversely, elaborate stained glass or other decora ve glass lights shall not be added to a residence’s primary or readily visible secondary façades if there is no evidence that such window features were ever present. 10. Snap in mun ns should not be added to an original window sash. 35 Ar cle V. Design Standards 11. Broken glass lights, should be replaced with glass lights iden cal to the original. Replacement glass lights should be of clear glass on primary and readily visible secondary facades. Tinted glass may only be installed on rear or secondary facades not visible from the street. 12. Window sash and frames may be painted to contrast the color of the house to provide depth to the window openings. NOTE: Window design is an integral part of a residence’s character and altera ons and replacement should be with materials and designs to match the original. Many turn of the century residences have rectangular oneover-one wood sash windows. These windows are o en simply designed with minimal decora on in the moldings or surrounds. Stained, leaded, or etched glass are also o en found as small decora ve windows in the main façade or on secondary eleva ons to illuminate stairwells. Windows on Colonial Revival residences are also one-over-one wood sash but windows based on colonial designs such as six-over-six wood sash can also be found. Bungalow style windows were generally divided into smaller lights or with the upper sash divided into narrow ver cal lights. (O) S W 1. The design of the storm windows should not interfere with the design of original windows. Mee ng rails between the sashes should match up so that the storm window becomes virtually invisible against the original sash. Single light storm windows are most appropriate for small openings. The installa on of aluminum or metal storm windows is acceptable if the metal surface is primed and painted. Dark colors like brown and gray are appropriate as is white depending on the overall color of the building 2. Appropriate finishes for storm windows are baked enamel or anodized aluminum. 3. Interior storm windows may be installed if they match the original window opening. 4. Although addi on of new storm windows is allowed, much energy savings can be achieved through careful caulking and sash maintenance of the original windows, without adding storm windows. (P) S 1. Original wood shu ers should be preserved and maintained. 2. Any repairs should be made with materials and designs that match the original as closely as possible. If the need for replacement of original shutters is demonstrated, replacement should be with materials and propor36 Historic Preserva on Overlay Standards Ar cle V. Design Standards ons to match the original shu ers. 3. New shu ers should be of the size necessary to cover the window opening when closed. 4. Replacement shu ers should be of wood construc on and be of louvered design rather than solid or raised panel. Metal or vinyl shu ers are inappropriate. 5. Window openings that have never had shu ers or blinds should be le in this condi on. 6. Shu ers and blinds should be painted to contrast the color of the house and should match the color of the window trim. NOTE: Shu ers and blinds were originally placed at window openings to protect windows from the weather and to block sunlight from entering a house in the summer. Interior shu ers were also common, making exterior shu ers or blinds unnecessary. Original shu ers and blinds are important components of window designs and should be maintained and preserved. (Q) R 1. Neither the form nor the pitch of the roof should be altered on primary or readily visible secondary facades. 2. Original dormers and their decora ve elements should be preserved and maintained. 3. Original roofs should not be raised to allow for addi onal stories. 4. The addi on of new dormers or gables is discouraged. However dormers and gables maybe added if they are in propor on to the building and are on a secondary façade, not readily visible from the street or sidewalk. 5. Skylights may also be added to rear roof slopes if they are not readily visible from the street. Flush or flat skylights are preferred over raised or bubble lights. NOTE: Roof forms in Bowling Green are primarily varia ons of gable and hipped designs. Other roof forms such as mansard, flat, or shed roofs are rare or do not exist. The original roof forms and pitch are important to the character of the district and no major altera on to roofs should take place. 6. Original roof materials should be preserved. 7. Original roofs of metal, slate, and le should be maintained and preserved, 37 Ar cle V. Design Standards unless significant deteriora on has been demonstrated. 8. If sec ons of original roofs are deteriorated they should be replaced with materials that match the original as closely as possible. 9. Decora ve ornamenta on, like finials and balustrades, should not be altered or removed. 10. Asphalt, asbestos, or composi on roofs that were added to homes a er 1940 may be replaced with new asphalt roofs. 11. Residences which have had wood shingle roofs may be re-roofed with replacement wood shingles, if desired. The shingles should match those used for the original roof. Residences that have never had wood shingle roofs should not be re-roofed with wood shingles. 12. Dark colors for asphalt roofs are preferred over lighter colors. Black, dark red, brown, and dark green are acceptable colors. NOTE: Roofing materials at the turn of the century included slate, standing seam metal, metal shingles, clay le, and wood shingles. A er 1900, the use of asbestos or composi on roofs became popular for their economy and fire protec on. Slate, clay les, and metal standing seam roofs are the most common historic roofing materials in Bowling Green and Warren County. (R) G D 1. Concealed or box gu ers should be preserved and repaired whenever possible. If concealed gu ers cannot be repaired feasibly, they should be sealed and covered to match exis ng roof and replaced with a hanging gu er as necessary. 2. Exposed gu ers or downspouts should be painted to match the trim color or house body color, whichever is appropriate. To prevent paint from peeling, new metal should be thoroughly cleaned and painted with galvanized 38 Historic Preserva on Overlay Standards Ar cle V. Design Standards steel primer before applying finish coats of paint. 3. Where hanging gu ers and downspouts are required the half round type is appropriate. (S) C 1. Preserve and maintain original chimneys. 2. Masonry chimneys should not be removed above the roofline. 3. Repair and repoin ng of brick chimneys should be done with brick and mortar that match the original. If a match proves unfeasible, pain ng of chimneys is acceptable in shades of dark red or burgundy. 4. If a chimney is in poor condi on or has been extensively patched and repointed, it is acceptable to cover the exterior surface with stucco. Stucco should only be used where a chimney’s appearance detracts from the appearance of a residence. 5. Decora ve brick corbelling and clay chimney caps should not be removed. 6. Clay, slate, or stone chimney caps are preferable to metal chimney caps. Chimney caps are o en used to deter sparks from roofs and act as a barrier against rain and small animals. Clay and metal chimney caps are most appropriate for older houses in Bowling Green. Removal of brick chimneys or the replacement of chimneys with metal or other material should not occur. NOTE: Brick chimneys are common features of buildings in the historic areas of Bowling Green. Chimneys are s ll, in many cases, func oning parts of a house’s hea ng system as well as a significant architectural features. A number of older houses in Bowling Green have decora ve exterior chimneys featuring corbelled brickwork and inset panels. Residences o en feature interior as well as exterior brick chimneys. Chimneys of stone or stone veneer are much less common. 7. Exposure to the weather elements and pollutants o en results in the deteriora on of a chimney’s brick and mortar. Improper care of the flashing around the chimney can result in deteriora on and water leakage. 8. For safety purposes, chimneys should be maintained and inspected regularly and repaired in accordance with the following masonry guidelines. (T) A O 1. Ornamenta on which should be maintained and preserved includes brackets, braces, den ls, cornices, molding, and decora ve siding that o en ap39 Ar cle V. Design Standards pears in gable fields. 2. Elements that are deteriorated should be repaired or replaced if necessary with materials and profiles to match the original. NOTE: Late 19th century homes were o en embellished with such decorave milled wood elements as brackets, spindles, and vergeboards. These elements are essen al to the character of a residence and should not be removed or obscured. Colonial Revival designs were decorated with modillions, den ls, and other designs in the frieze and on porches. Large brackets and exposed eave ra ers are popular forms of ornamenta on on Bungalows. 3. Architectural ornamenta on that is not based on photographic or physical evidence should not be added to the residence. The addi on of such ornamenta on would not be accurate and would create a misleading appearance not in accordance with the original design and style. 4. Exterior paint colors should be in keeping with the building’s style and me period. 5. Paint color for masonry, exterior wood siding and architectural features is a non-permanent addi on to a structure and is not restricted. 6. Paint should not be removed from wood or brick surface by sandblas ng or other abrasive methods. 40 Historic Preserva on Overlay Standards Ar cle V. Design Standards 7. Masonry which has not been painted shall remain unpainted except in the cases where the brick or mortar has been patched, repointed, or repaired with significantly contras ng materials, colors, and textures. 8. Paint colors should be in keeping with the building’s style and period. Original color schemes based on historic evidence research are encouraged. Several companies also specialize in providing appropriate historic color designs by mail. 9. Exterior surfaces of stained wood shingles should be re-stained as opposed to painted. NOTE: For building constructed between 1880 and 1910, a wide variety of colors were u lized. Colors such as tans, greens, reds, and grays were all widely used. A er 1900, residences with Colonial Revival influences such as Foursquares were generally painted in shades of white or yellow. Bungalows were generally of darker colors such as browns and grays. The use of stained shingles on upper façades of Bungalows was also used to provide color. 10. While a COA is not required for pain ng the following is offered in order to provide assistance to property owners. 11. The exterior siding or body of a residence should be painted a dark or muted color. Contras ng colors should be used to highlight architectural trim and ornamenta on. 12. Accent colors generally should be limited to two in addi on to the background color. NOTE: Historically, architectural ornamenta on and the exterior siding of a residence were rarely painted the same color. Decora ve elements were usually painted to highlight their designs. Paint manufacturing and color mixing processes greatly increased in the late 19th century which allowed a wide variety of colors to be available to homeowners. These developments coincided with the applica on of millwork decora on in the Italianate and Queen Anne styles which resulted in a shi toward a larger variety of colors applied to the houses. Most houses from the 1870s to the early 1900s displayed a wide variety of shades and contras ng colors. Tans, greens, reds, and grays were all widely used. Many houses in Bowling Green’s historic areas are of brick and stone construc on and have been le unpainted over the years. Paint is found only at wood eaves, window and door surrounds, and roof dormers. Appropriate paint colors are an important defining feature of a building and an aid in highligh ng details and trim. In addi on to accen ng decora on, paint is an excellent preserva ve and regular pain ng and maintenance can add years to the lifespan of a house’s architectural ornamenta on. 41 Ar cle V. Design Standards Property owners are encouraged to select paint colors in keeping with the building’s style and design. Many publica ons are available which illustrate and detail appropriate paint colors. Such publica ons should be referred to if historic paint colors are to be applied, especially to ornamenta on. (U) HVAC A C U 1. The installa on of window air condi oning units should not result in the removal or replacement of original window sash or the altera on of window framing or surrounds. 2. Window air condi oners should be installed in windows on secondary or rear façades rather than on primary façades. 3. Exterior HVAC units should be installed at rear façades or non-visible areas of secondary façades. 4. All readily visible exterior HVAC units that are located at grade should be screened with wood or brick fencing, la ce panels, and/or landscaping. 5. HVAC units adjacent to façades not readily visible or placed below grade do not require screening. 6. HVAC units should not be placed on the roofs of residen al buildings. NOTE: The most common types of visible HVAC units are exterior air condioning condensers and heat pumps placed directly adjacent to a building and air condi oning units placed in windows. Hea ng and cooling units such as these shall not be restricted, but their situa on and screening is a primary concern. (V) A 1. Canvas, vinyl-coated canvas, and acrylic are appropriate awning materials for pre-1940 residences and may be used on primary and visible secondary eleva ons. 2. The applica on of metal awnings, vinyl awnings, and other similar materials is discouraged. The only excep on to this guideline would be the applica on of a metal or vinyl awning with a canvas overlay. This awning combina on should have the appearance of a canvas awning from the street or sidewalk. 3. Canvas awnings should fully cover window, door, or porch openings. Awnings should not be oversized and should not obscure areas of the façade or 42 Historic Preserva on Overlay Standards Ar cle V. Design Standards decora ve details. 4. The most appropriate awning designs for pre-1940 dwellings are standard or shed awnings. Also acceptable are circular or accordion designs. Box or casement awnings are more non-tradi onal and less desirable, however, these may be installed if requested. Valances should be in keeping with tradi onal pa erns such as scalloped, wave, or saw-tooth designs. NOTE: The use of awnings in residen al areas is believed to have been less common than in commercial areas in the late 19th and early 20th centuries but was s ll fairly widespread. Historic photographs of residen al areas from this era o en show residences with canvas awnings over the main entrance, over windows, or placed at the eaves of porches. The awnings were used to block sunlight and cool the interior. Canvas awnings gradually fell from favor because of their short life span, the widespread use of air condi oning, and the introduc on of new materials. Awnings extensively marketed in the 1950s and into the 1970s were primarily of aluminum or vinyl and are s ll found on many residences in Bowling Green. Awnings are now used not only to help lower energy costs but are o en added as decora ve features to homes. The use of awnings on residences is appropriate within the guidelines listed above. (W) S P 1. Solar panels should not be placed on primary facades or on readily visible secondary facades. 2. Solar panels on roofs should be installed flush with the roof and follow the slope of the roof. (X) O 1. Original outbuildings such as sheds and garages should be maintained and preserved. 2. Repair and replacement of original elements and details should follow residen al guidelines. 3. Replacement of outbuildings should be of frame construc on simple clapboard siding, gable roofs, and mul -light sash windows. New brick or stone outbuildings are also acceptable as long as they are located in the rear yard or along an alley. 4. Demoli on of wood outbuildings which require extensive repair or replacement of at least half of the exterior siding and have badly deteriorated roof structures is permi ed. 43 Ar cle V. Design Standards NOTE: Bowling Green and Warren County residences in the late 19th century had a variety of outbuildings located to the rear or adjacent to alleys. The majority of these were stables, storage sheds, servant’s quarters, or privies mostly of frame construc on. Most of these 19th century outbuildings have been demolished or razed to make way for automobile garages in the early part of the 20th century. Most of these garages were built of frame construc on, but the use of hollow core concrete block was also popular. Outbuildings pre-da ng 1900 are rare and every effort should be made to preserve them. These outbuildings comprise a valuable collec on of simple architectural designs which complement the historic residences. SECTION 5.03 (A) S RESIDENTIAL DESIGN ΈNEW CONSTRUCTIONΉ S 1. In the residen al area infill, new construc on shall reflect its period. Historic reproduc ons are to be avoided. NOTE: Direct replica on of historic designs should be avoided. The reproduc on of historic styles will blur the line between which structures are genuinely historic and which are new. Appropriate new construc on in historic residen al areas repeats the basic design elements inherent in the district but creates different forms of expression. 2. Historic buildings which have been clearly documented (original floor plans, drawings, or photographs) may be reconstructed on the original site. 3. Reconstructed buildings should be constructed with materials, details, and decora ve features to match or closely approximate the original building. 44 Historic Preserva on Overlay Standards Ar cle V. Design Standards 4. Reconstructed buildings must be compa ble with other structures in the neighborhood. 5. Reconstructed buildings must be clearly designated so as not to misrepresent them as being historic. 6. New structures should be compa ble in height with adjacent structures and should not vary more than 10% from the average building height along the block. NOTE: Building heights for residences in Bowling Green and Warren County vary from one to two and-one half stories. New structures should respect the height of adjacent buildings and dominant building heights along the block or street. One-story buildings, for example, are not appropriate for blocks dominated by two-story structures. 7. New structures in residen al areas should have founda on heights of at least one foot above grade on the primary façade and should be within 10% of the average founda on height on adjacent structures. 8. No building should be constructed at grade in the historic areas. Examples of new construc on in a historic district. 9. The founda on level on brick structures should be delineated by some type of belt course. NOTE: Most of the historic residen al structures in Bowling Green and Warren County are built on raised founda ons. The heights of these foundaons vary from one foot (1’) above grade to three feet (3’) above grade on the primary façade. Founda on heights o en increase with grade changes on secondary and rear eleva ons. 45 Ar cle V. Design Standards (B) F - -C H 1. Floor to ceiling heights in new buildings should be compa ble with those in adjacent structures. NOTE: Historic residences in Bowling Green have consistent floor to ceiling heights that are expressed on the exterior of residences. The size of door and window openings, rooflines, horizontal belt courses, and other elements create a rhythm that defines the floor to ceiling dimension. NOTE: New construc on should respect these ver cal and horizontal dimensions and match the area. Appropriate heights for new structures are eight to ten feet. New buildings constructed outside of these dimensions would disrupt the natural rhythm and propor on of adjacent historic residences. (C) P E 1. Primary entrances should be located on the primary façade of new buildings constructed in Bowling Green and Warren County. The entrance on the main or street façade must have propor ons and detailing that gives it the appearance of being the primary entrance. 2. New buildings on corner lots may have entrances located on both street facades. However, the main entrance should be placed on the facade which is considered to be the primary or dominant façade. 3. New dwellings may also have entrances on secondary facades and in some cases these entrances may be the most heavily used. NOTE: Historic residences in Bowling Green were built with the main or primary entrance on the street façade. This pa ern should be preserved on new structures. (D) P 1. New construc on in residen al areas should be built with porches on primary or street facades. The design, placement, and height of these porches should be in accordance with adjacent buildings along the block. 2. Two story porches are less appropriate than one-story porches. Small decora ve balconies should be avoided on primary facades. 3. Porches should be at least six feet deep and should have simple columns and balusters. 46 Historic Preserva on Overlay Standards Ar cle V. Design Standards 4. Porch columns should be a minimum of six inches and a maximum of ten inches in diameter. Ornate milled columns or varia ons of Greek orders are too imita ve and should not be added to porches on primary facades. 5. Porches on new residences should maintain the rhythm and placement of porches of adjacent historic structures along a block. 6. Oversized porches or balconies not in keeping with historic Bowling Green residences should not be constructed. NOTE: Almost all historic residences in Bowling Green have some type of porch on the primary or street façade. These porches range in style and size according to the style and size of the residence. Some are full width or wrap around porches while others are just entry porches. These porches are generally one story high; two story porches are rare. (E) D W 1. The rhythm and spacing of window and door openings in new residences must be consistent with that of adjacent historic structures. 2. There should be no blank or “dead” space in the primary façade. 3. Window and door openings should not exceed the height and width ra os of adjacent buildings by more than ten percent 10%. 4. If window shu ers are desired, they should meet the size and configuraon guidelines set forth in the window guidelines. NOTE: The primary or street facades of historic residences in Bowling Green have at least two and more o en three to four door and window openings. The arrangement of the openings is commonly symmetrical with the door centered among two to four windows. (F) R F O 1. Flat, shed, or mansard roofs should not be constructed in Bowling Green historic districts. 2. Roof slope ra o should be a minimum of 6:12 and a maximum of 12:12. Roof eaves should be at least eight inches deep. 3. Ridge lines should be parallel to the street. Gable front houses are not appropriate. 4. New construc on should follow the roof forms and orienta on of adjacent buildings. 47 Ar cle V. Design Standards NOTE: The most common roof forms in Bowling Green are gabled and hipped. Gable and hipped roofs are found on every street and almost all of these roof forms have their ridge line parallel to the street. Gable front designs with the ridge line perpendicular to the street are uncommon. New construc on should have roofs of gable or hipped designs. (G) M N C 1. Frame and brick construc on are both appropriate in Bowling Green historic districts. 2. Ar ficial siding on newly constructed frame buildings is inappropriate. Appropriate siding materials include weatherboard, clapboard, or shiplap siding, four to six inches wide. 3. New buildings of brick construc on should be compa ble with historic buildings in the neighborhood. Mortar joints, brick size and scale, color, and texture should be consistent. 4. Oversized or undersized bricks, light colored or pa erned brick, or unusually wide or narrow mortar joints should not be used. 5. Other masonry materials such as concrete, stone veneers, i.e. permastone, or aggregate and stucco mixtures should not be used. 6. Porch columns, railings, and details should be wood or brick. 7. Founda ons may be brick, stone, or concrete. If concrete blocks are used they should be painted or covered with stucco. 8. Asphalt shingles and metal standing seam are acceptable roof materials. Wood shingle roofs should not be added. 9. Vinyl siding, drivit, aluminum siding, and other synthe c siding materials are not compa ble with the historic neighborhood and should not be used in new construc on. NOTE: Frame and brick structures are dominant in Bowling Green historic neighborhoods. (H) A 1. Contemporary addi ons may be made to rear facades and secondary facades not readily visible from the street, but not to primary facades. 48 Historic Preserva on Overlay Standards Ar cle V. Design Standards 2. Addi ons should be contemporary but compa ble with the building. An addi on should not be an imita on of the original building and should not have reproduced historic details. 3. Addi ons should not overwhelm or dominate the original structure. The square footage of addi ons should be limited to no more than 50% of the square footage of the original structure. 4. Addi ons should be compa ble in height and no part of the addi on’s roofline should project higher than the roofline of the original building. 5. An addi on may have different siding materials, windows and door arrangement, roof form and pitch, and massing to dis nguish is from the original building. 6. The construc on of wood or brick decks on rear facades or secondary facades not readily visible from the street is acceptable. NOTE: Wherever possible, new addi ons or altera ons to structures should be done in such a manner that if such addi ons or altera ons were to be removed in the future, the essen al form and integrity of the structure would be unimpaired. (I) D R 1. A building or structure in an historic district should not be moved or relocated outside the district if the building or structure is to retain its architectural and historical integrity. 2. A building or structure that does not contribute to the architectural and historical character of a district may be moved or relocated if its removal would result in a more posi ve visual appearance in the district. NOTE: Reloca on nega vely affects a district and should be avoided. The only excep ons should be in situa ons where necessary for the public welfare or where necessitated by publicly funded projects. 3. Historic buildings within a district should not be moved from one site to another except where threatened with demoli on or loss of integrity of site and se ng. 4. Buildings that are moved to another loca on in the district should be compa ble with adjacent buildings in style, height, scale, materials, and setback, and should be similar in site and se ng. 5. Reloca on of an historic building into a district may be appropriate if it does not result in the loss of another historic building on the site to which 49 Ar cle V. Design Standards the first building is moved. 6. A building may be moved into a district if it is architecturally compa ble with adjacent structures on its new site. The new building must maintain and uphold the district’s architectural character through its style, height, scale, massing, materials, texture, site, and se ng. 7. Where buildings have been moved into a district it is recommended that they be iden fied through a plaque or marker da ng both the original construc on date and moving date. 8. Buildings that contribute to the historical and architectural integrity of Bowling Green should not be demolished. 9. Demoli on may only be approved if one or more of the following condions are met: 10. Where public safety and welfare requires the removal of a structure or building. 11. Where economic hardship has been demonstrated, proven, and accepted by the Historic Preserva on Board. 12. Where the structural instability or deteriora on of a property is demonstrated through a report by a structural engineer or architect. Such a report must clearly detail the property’s physical condi on, reasons why rehabilita on is not feasible, and costs es mates for rehabilita on versus demoli on. In addi on to this report, there should be a separate report that details future ac on on the site. 13. Where buildings have lost their original architectural integrity and no longer contribute to the character of the district. 50 Historic Preserva on Overlay Standards Ar cle V. Design Standards SECTION 5.04 COMMERCIAL ΈEXISTING STRUCTUREΉ ( )L 1. Original light fixtures should be preserved (repaired or maintained, not replaced) in their original place. 2. If replacement of original fixtures is necessary, concealed fixtures, fixtures of plain design, or fixtures appropriate to the period of the building should be used. Fixtures from an earlier period, i.e. colonial carriage lamps, should not be used. 3. If street lamps are to be replaced or added, the original type and design should be duplicated if possible. If original fixtures are not known, then fixtures appropriate for the period of the historic district should be used, or fixtures of a simple contemporary design. (B) R 1. Preserve (maintain or restore, not remove or alter) exis ng original storefronts. Deteriorated storefront features should be repaired rather than replaced. 2. If replacement is necessary due to significant deteriora on, replace with features to match original in design and materials. 3. Storefronts altered a er 1950 should be reconstructed based upon pictorial or physical evidence of the original. 4. Where original storefront design and features cannot be determined, a tradi onal storefront arrangement with features, materials, and propor ons typical of similar structures of the same (not earlier or later) architectural style or period should be installed. NOTE: Significant storefronts from the early 20th century including those displaying decora ve le, glass, or marble should be preserved. (C) E 1. Original, exis ng entrance designs should be preserved, maintained, or repaired u lizing historically appropriate materials. 2. The original loca on and arrangement of entrances, whether recessed or flush with sidewalk, should be retained. 51 Ar cle V. Design Standards (D) D 1. Original doors should be retained, whenever possible. Missing doors should be replaced with doors to match the original in design and materials. Solid wood doors without glass should not be installed on front facades. 2. When the original door design cannot be replicated, it should be replaced with plain wood doors in a single light (glass area) design, not solid paneled doors, decora ve doors, or any kind of door based upon a different historical period or architectural style (Colonial, Gothic church doors etc.). 3. Replacement doors should generally use glass propor onate to display window glass and kick plate panels propor onate to bulkhead panels. Although wood is preferable, metal with a dark or bronze anodized finish and with a wide s le may be subs tuted. Raw aluminum or other silver-colored metals are not appropriate. (E) D W 1. Preserve, maintain, or repair original display windows. If a storefront is missing display windows, new windows should match the original in locaon, design, size, and materials. 2. If the original window design is unknown, replacement windows should be tradi onally scaled with large glass lights and with as few structural divisions as possible to keep the tradi onal transparent storefront look. 3. Window mullions or framing should use wood, copper, or bronze metal. 4. For glazing (glass areas) clear (not nted) glass should be used. Where privacy or shade is required, interior shades or blinds may be u lized. 5. Original transoms should be preserved (maintained or replaced, not removed, concealed or enclosed, or altered). 6. Historic transom materials i.e. prism glass, leaded glass, etc., should be retained. 7. Where it is necessary to replace transoms, the design should be based on the original configura on (whether a band of transoms or individual transoms). 8. Use glass where possible. If not, use space for signage or a plain panel. 9. When replacing missing transom glass, clear (not nted) glass should be used. 52 Historic Preserva on Overlay Standards Ar cle V. Design Standards (F) B 1. Original bulkhead panels should not be removed, concealed, or altered. 2. If the original bulkheads must be replaced they should match the original in design, size, and materials. 3. Where the original bulkhead material is unknown, replacement maybe of wood, brick that matches the original, painted brick, stone such as marble, or smooth concrete. NOTE: Many of Bowling Green’s buildings were built with marble or concrete bulkheads. (G) B 1. Original belt courses of metal, brick or other materials should be retained. Belt courses should not be concealed or removed. 2. Where a belt course must be replaced; it should closely match or imitate the original in general design, loca on, material, detailing, and scale. (H) U F 1. Upper facades should not be concealed or covered with modern materials. (I) W 1. The original windows including sash, size, number, and arrangement of lights, materials, and decora ve detailing should be preserved (maintained, restored). Windows should not be concealed, enclosed or covered. 2. Windows should be repaired rather than replaced. Missing windows should be replaced with windows which match the original in size, number, and arrangement of lights, and materials. 3. Where all original windows are missing, rectangular one-over-one wood sash windows are most appropriate in Bowling Green. If wood cannot be used, anodized or baked-on enamel aluminum, in white, dark, or bronze finishes are more appropriate. 4. Flush or snap-on mun ns should not be used. These materials do not replicate the appearance of historic windows. 5. Window shu ers should not be added to commercial buildings unless there is physical or pictorial evidence that they originally existed on the building. Wood shu ers may be used to conceal blocked-in or bricked-in 53 Ar cle V. Design Standards windows un l restora on of windows occurs. 6. Missing shu ers should be replaced with a louvered wood design and sized to fit the opening. When closed they should just cover the window opening. 7. Original window surrounds and detailing such as sheet metal hood molding, brick, or stone lintels and sills should be retained. 8. Storm windows may be added if they are of full view (single light) design or if they match the dimensions of the upper and lower sash with matching mee ng rails. Aluminum storm windows should be anodized or of baked on enamel finish. (J) C 1. The original appearance and details of brick, sheet metal, or terra co a cornices should be preserved, maintained, or restored. Cornices should not be concealed or covered with modern materials. 2. If cornices are missing, replacements should be based upon physical or pictorial evidence. If no such evidence exists, a simple wood cornice in keeping with other cornices in the downtown area is appropriate. (K) R 1. Preserve, maintain, or repair original roof configura on and materials. 2. New roofs of rolled or asphalt roofing materials are appropriate. If new roofs are added they should not be visible above the roof parapet wall. 3. Copper flashing should be installed along brick parapet walls to prevent new roofs from leaking. 4. Roof parapet walls and features such as concrete or stone piers should not be altered or removed. 54 Historic Preserva on Overlay Standards Ar cle V. Design Standards NOTE: The majority of commercial building roofs in downtown Bowling Green have flat or sloping roofs which are not visible from the street façades. (L) A F 1. Original architectural features and decora ve features such as cast iron pilasters, brick corbelling or inlaid pa erns, terra co a, window hoods, and cornices should be preserved. Architectural features should not be removed or concealed. 2. Features which have been removed should be replaced based upon the original design, materials, propor on, and details. 3. Decora ve architectural features should not be added to a building where none originally existed. 4. When repairing exis ng features, materials compa ble with the building should be used. 5. Original cast iron columns or pilasters should be preserved, maintained, or restored; not concealed or obscured. 6. Cast iron columns or pilasters on storefronts should be cleaned using chemical agents. The use of abrasive cleaning methods such as sandblasting should not occur. (M) P 1. Unpainted masonry surfaces should not be painted unless the masonry is mismatched or extremely deteriorated. 2. When pain ng an unpainted building, choose a color that matches the color of the brick. 55 Ar cle V. Design Standards 3. Colors should be complimentary to the reds, browns, and grays found on most masonry buildings. Muted hues should be used to highlight window frames, cornices, and detailing. 4. Bright tones or hues may be used to highlight entrances, signs, and awnings. 5. Historic colors are recommended. Loud, bold, or arres ng colors should not be used on buildings. 6. Color selec on should be simple using no more than four colors total on the building exclusive of signs and awnings. (N) A 1. Original historic awnings of glass and metal should be preserved. 2. Where historic evidence shows awnings were in existence, new awnings may be constructed in appropriate materials and design. 3. When adding awnings to a building, tradi onal awning designs, materials, and placement should be used. Photo courtesy Kentucky Library & Museum, WKU. 4. Awnings may be retractable or fixed in place and should be formed to fit the opening. Shed awnings are best for rectangular openings while arched awnings are best for arched openings. Historic photo shows awnings along Main Street in Downtown Bowling Green. 56 Historic Preserva on Overlay Standards Ar cle V. Design Standards 5. Awnings should be of canvas, acrylic, or vinyl coated material. The use of fixed metal or wood awnings is discouraged. 6. Shed awnings are most appropriate for the downtown area. The use of bubble, concave, or convex forms is discouraged. 7. Modern metal awnings or backlit awnings are discouraged. (O) S F F 1. Original doors, windows, and architectural detailing on side and rear elevaons should be preserved, maintained, or repaired. 2. When u lizing side or rear façades as entrances, signs, awnings, and lighting should be related to that on the main façade. 3. Rear eleva ons should be kept cleared of debris. HVAC units and dumpsters should be screened with la ce panels, wood fences, or with landscaping. 4. New staircases, balconies, elevator sha s, and addi ons should be placed on rear façades. Porches, staircases, and balconies should not be added to primary façades where none originally existed. 5. New staircases or balconies on the rear eleva ons should be of frame construc on with simple square railings and balusters. 6. Handicapped ramps should be placed at rear façades. Wood construc on is preferred with plain rails and square balusters set no more than three inches apart. (P) M ,W F 1. For masonry repoin ng, the original tooling configura on, joint width and depth, and mortar color should be maintained. 2. Do not sandblast or use any abrasive method to clean masonry. Sandblasting or high-pressure cleaning methods are not acceptable for brick. These methods remove the outer pa na or “crust” of the brick and expose the so inner core which can lead to deteriora on. High-pressure water cleaning methods which exceed six hundred 600 pounds per square inch should also never be used on brick. 3. Masonry cleaning should be with detergent cleansers or with appropriate chemical agents. Low pressure water cleaning is acceptable if the pressure is kept between 200 and six hundred 600 pounds per square inch. Steam cleaning of brick is also a good method but also requires a professional. The use of chemicals for the removal of exterior paint is also appropriate if the work is performed by a qualified professional. 57 Ar cle V. Design Standards 4. Water sealants on brick are not generally recommended. Despite these sealants water vapor can s ll enter the brick and can cause spalling. 5. Mortar should never be removed with electric power saws. Mortar should be hand raked and repointed with mortar to match the original or composi on such as one part lime to two parts sand. 6. Brick should not be painted unless it is extremely mismatched or so deteriorated that it cannot withstand weather. 7. Where pain ng is necessary, the original natural color of the brick should be used. 8. Stone should not be painted. 9. Original stone or brick founda on’s materials and design should be preserved, maintained and repaired. (Q) A 1. Roo op addi ons should be unobtrusive. Roo op addi ons should not be made unless it will not be readily visible from the street or other pedestrian viewpoints. 2. Roof addi ons should be set back from the main façade. 3. Addi ons at rear eleva ons are the most appropriate. The design for rear addi ons should be compa ble with the original building in scale, propor on and rhythm of openings and size. 4. Rear addi ons may be of frame or brick construc on. Metal sided or glass addi ons are less desirable. 5. Rear addi ons should be constructed to cause minimal damage or removal of original fabric from the original rear building façade. 58 Historic Preserva on Overlay Standards Ar cle V. Design Standards SECTION 5.05 (A) G COMMERCIAL ΈNEW CONSTRUCTIONΉ C 1. Commercial new construc on should be a contemporary representa ve of its district’s period, not a reproduc on. 2. New construc on should be compa ble with adjacent buildings in scale, height, materials, orienta on, shape, placement, and rhythm and proporon of openings. 3. New construc on should be compa ble in height with adjacent buildings. For downtown Bowling Green two to three story buildings are most appropriate. New construc on should not exceed four-stories in height. 4. New construc on should be of masonry materials such as brick or stone. Concrete is acceptable although less desirable. 5. New buildings should be aligned with adjacent buildings along the street and not set back. 6. New construc on should be of similar width and scale and have similar propor ons as adjacent buildings. 7. New construc on should be oriented towards the major street façade and have roof forms consistent with adjacent buildings. Flat or sloping roofs are most common in Bowling Green. 8. Window size and propor on of openings should be consistent with adjacent buildings. 9. New buildings should maintain separate divisions between storefronts and upper facades. These divisions should be in alignment with adjacent buildings. 10. New buildings which are constructed over several lots should have ver cal divisions to maintain the rhythm of the streetscape. (B) D 1. Demoli on should be avoided. 2. Demoli on of any building or part thereof which contributes to the historic or architectural character of Bowling Green should be avoided, unless it is so seriously structurally unsound or deteriorated (to be determined by a structural engineer or architect) that its renova on is not feasible. 59 Ar cle V. Design Standards 3. Demoli on may be allowed if denial of the demoli on would result in an unreasonable economic hardship as determined by the Historic Preservaon Board. Photo courtesy Kentucky Library & Museum, WKU. 4. Demoli on may be allowed if required in order to ensure public safety and well-being. Main and Center Streets 60 Historic Preserva on Overlay Standards [This page le blank inten onally.] ARTICLE VI. DEFINITIONS SECTION 7.01 PROCEDURAL DEFINITIONS CerƟficate of Appropriateness (COA) A document awarded by a preserva on commission allowing an applicant to proceed with a proposed altera on, demoli on, or new construc on in a designated area or site, following a determina on of the proposal's suitability according to applicable criteria. CerƟfied Local Government Any city, county, parish, township, municipality, or borough or any other general purpose subdivision which may par cipate in the ac vi es outlined in the Na onal Preserva on Act Amendments of 1980 to further delegate responsibili es and funding to the local level. SECTION 7.02 TECHNICAL DEFINITIONS AddiƟon New construc on added to an exis ng building or structure. AlteraƟon Work which impacts any exterior architectural feature including construcon, reconstruc on, repair, or removal of any building element. Appropriate Compa ble with the historic context. Appurtenances The visible, func onal objects accessory to and part of buildings. Building A structure used to house human ac vity such as a dwelling or garage. Character The quali es and a ributes of any structure, site, street or district. ConfiguraƟon The arrangement of elements and details on a building or structure which help to define its character. Contemporary Reflec ng characteris cs of the current period. Contemporary denotes characteris cs which illustrate that a building, structure, or detail was constructed in the recent past rather than being imita ve or reflec ve of a historic design. CompaƟble In harmony with loca on and surroundings. Context The se ng in which a historic element, site, structure, street, or district exists. DemoliƟon Any act which destroys in whole or in part a building or structure. Demoli on by Neglect The destruc on of a building or structure through abandonment or lack of maintenance. Element A material part or detail of a site, structure, street, or district. 62 Historic Preserva on Overlay Standards Ar cle VI. Defini ons ElevaƟon Any one of the external faces or façades of a building. Fabric The physical material of a building, structure, or community, conno ng an interweaving of component parts. Harmony Pleasing or congruent arrangement. Height The distance from the bo om to the top of a building or structure. Historic District A geographically definable area with a significant concentra on of buildings, structures, sites, spaces, or objects unified by past events, physical development, and design se ng, materials, workmanship, sense of cohesiveness or related historical and aesthe c associa ons. The significance of a district may be recognized through lis ng in a local, state, or na onal landmarks register and may be protected legally through enactment of a local historic district ordinance administered by a historic district board or commission. Historic ImitaƟon New construc on or rehabilita on where elements or components mimic an architectural style but are not of the same historic period as the exis ng buildings. Infill New construc on in historic districts on vacant lots or to replace exis ng buildings. Landmark A building, structure, object or site which is iden fied as a historic resource of par cular significance. Landscape The totality of the built or human-influenced habitat experienced at anyone place. Dominant features are topography, plant cover, buildings, or other structures and their pa erns. Maintain To keep in an exis ng state of preserva on or repair. New construcƟon Construc on that is characterized by the introduc on of new elements, sites, buildings, or structures or addi ons to exis ng buildings and structures in historic areas and districts. Obscured Covered, concealed, or hidden from view. Overlay Standards Criteria developed by preserva on commissions to iden fy design concerns in an area and to help property owners ensure that rehabilita on and new construc on respect the character of designated buildings and districts. PreservaƟon Generally, saving from destruc on or deteriora on old and historic buildings, sites, structures, and objects and providing for their con nued use by means of restora on, rehabilita on, or adap ve use. 63 Ar cle VI. Defini ons ProporƟon Harmonious rela on of parts to one another or to the whole. RecommendaƟon An ac on or ac vity advised but not required by the Historic Preserva on Board. ReconstrucƟon The act or process of reproducing by new construc on the exact form and detail of a vanished building, structure, or object, or a part thereof, as it appeared at a specific period of me. RehabilitaƟon The act or process of returning a property or building to usable condion through repair, altera on, and/or preserva on of its features which are significant to its historical, architectural, and cultural values. RestoraƟon The act or process of accurately taking a building's appearance back to a specific period of me by removing later work and by replacing missing earlier features to match the original. Retain To keep secure and intact. In the guidelines, "retain" and “maintain'' describe the act of keeping an element, detail, or structure and con nuing the same level of repair to aid in the preserva on of elements, sites and structures. Re-use To use again. An element, detail, or structure might be reused in historic districts. Rhythm Movement or fluctua on marked by the regular occurrence or natural flow of related elements. Scale Propor onal elements that demonstrate the size, materials, and style of buildings. Seƫng The sum of a ributes of a locality, neighborhood, or property that defines its character. Significant Having par cularly important associa ons within the contexts of architecture, history, or culture. StabilizaƟon The act or process of applying measures essen al to the maintenance of a deteriorated building as it exists at present, establishing structural stability and a weather-resistant enclosure. Streetscape The dis nguishing character of a par cular street as created by its width, degree of curvature, paving materials, design of the street furniture, and forms of surrounding buildings. Style A type of architecture dis nguished by special characteris cs of structure and ornament and o en related in me; also a general quality of a dis nc ve character. 64 Historic Preserva on Overlay Standards Ar cle VI. Defini ons SECTION 7.03 ARCHITECTURAL TERMS Apron A decora ve, horizontal trim piece on the lower por on of an architectural element. Arch A curved construc on of wedge-shaped stones or bricks which spans an opening and supports the weight above it. (see flat arch, jack arch, segmental arch and semi-circular arch) Architrave The lowest sec on of the entablature that rests on the capital of a column. It also refers to the decora ve molding around a door or window. Aƫc The upper level of a building, not of full ceiling height, directly beneath the roof. Baluster One of a series of short, ver cal, o en vase-shaped members used to support a stair or porch handrail, forming a balustrade. Balustrade An en re rail system with top rail and balusters. Bargeboard A board which hangs from the projec ng end of a gable roof, covering the end ra ers, and o en sawn into a decora ve pa ern. Also called a vergeboard. BaƩered Having sloped sides, in reference to piers and columns in the bungalow style. Bay The por on of a facade between columns or piers providing regular divisions and usually marked by windows. Bay window A projec ng window that forms an extension to the floor space of the internal rooms; usually extends to the ground level. Belt course A horizontal band usually marking the floor levels on the exterior facade of a building. Board and baƩen Siding fashioned of boards set ver cally and covered where their edges join by narrow strips called ba ens. Bond A term used to describe the various pa erns in which brick (or stone) is laid, see: "common bond," "English bond," "Flemish bond," "running bond," and "stack bond." Brace An essen al structural member placed diagonally as a support between horizontal and ver cal surfaces, as under the eaves of a roof. Bracket A projec ng element of wood, stone or metal which spans between horizontal and ver cal surfaces (eaves, shelves, overhangs) as decora ve support. Canopy A projec ng awning suspended above an opening. 65 Ar cle VI. Defini ons Capital The head of a column or pilaster. Casement window A window with one or two sashes which are hinged at the sides and usually open outward. Clapboards Horizontal wooden boards, thinner at the top edge, which are overlapped to provide a weatherproof exterior wall surface. Classical order Derived from Greek and Roman architecture, a column with its base, sha , capital and entablature having standardized details and propor ons, according to one of the five canonized modes: Doric, Tucson, Ionic, Corinthian, or Composite. Clipped gable A gable roof where the ends of the ridge are terminated in a small, diagonal roof surface. Column A circular or square ver cal structural member. Common bond A brickwork pa ern where most courses are laid flat, with the long "stretcher" edge exposed, but every fi h to eighth course is laid perpendicularly with the small "header" end exposed, to structurally e the wall together. Corbel In masonry, a projec on, or one of a series of projec ons, each stepped progressively farther forward with height and ar cula ng a cornice or suppor ng an overhanging member. Corinthian order Most ornate classical order characterized by a capital with ornamental acanthus leaves and curled fern shoots. Cornice The uppermost, projec ng part of an entablature, or feature resembling it. Any projec ng ornamental molding along the top of a wall, building, etc. CresƟng A decorated ornamental finish along the top of a wall or roof, o en made of ornamental metal. Cross-gable A secondary gable roof which meets the primary roof at right angles. Cupola Adorned roof set on a circular base, o en set on the ridge of a roof. DenƟls A row of small tooth-like blocks in a classical cornice. Doric order A classical order with simple, unadorned capitals, and with no base. Dormer A small window with its own roof that projects from a sloping roof. Dormer window A window that projects from a roof. Double-hung window A window with two sashes, one sliding ver cally over the other. Drivit A built up plaster finish resembling stucco. 66 Historic Preserva on Overlay Standards Ar cle VI. Defini ons Eave The edge of a roof that projects beyond the face of a wall. ElevaƟon Any of the external faces of a building. Ell The rear wing of a house, generally one room wide and running perpendicular to the principal building. Engaged column A round column a ached to a wall. Entablature A part of a building of classical order res ng on the column capital; consists of an architrave, frieze, and cornice. Facade The face or front eleva on of a building. Fanlight A semi-circular window usually over a door with radia ng mun ns sugges ng a fan. Fascia A projec ng flat horizontal member or molding; forms the trim of a flat roof or a pitched roof; also part of a classical entablature. FenestraƟon The arrangement of windows on a building. Finial A projec ng decora ve element, usually of metal, at the top of a roof turret or gable. Fishscale shingles A decora ve pa ern of wall shingles composed of staggered horizontal rows of wooden shingles with half-round ends. Flashing Thin metal sheets used to prevent moisture infiltra on at joints of roof planes and between the roof and ver cal surfaces. Flat arch An arch whose wedge-shaped stones or bricks are set in a straight horizontal line; also called a jack arch. Flemish bond A brickwork pa ern where the long " stretcher'' edge of the brick is alternated with the small' 'header" end for decora ve as well as structural effec veness. FluƟng Shallow, concave grooves running ver cally on the sha of a column, pilaster, or other surface. FoundaƟon The lowest por on of the building wall, which supports the structure above. Fretwork Ornamental woodwork, cut into a pa ern, o en elaborate. Frieze The middle por on of a classical cornice; also applied decora ve elements on an entablature or parapet wall. 67 Ar cle VI. Defini ons Frieze Board Flat board at top of wall directly beneath the cornice. Gable The triangular sec on of a wall to carry a pitched roof. Gable roof A pitched roof with one downward slope on either side of a central, horizontal ridge. Gambrel roof A ridged roof with two symmetric slopes on either side. Gingerbread Pierced curvilinear ornament made with a jig or scroll saw. HVAC Hea ng, ven la on, and air condi oning Hipped roof A roof with uniform slopes on all sides. (All eaves are at the same level) Hood molding A projec ng molding above an arch, doorway, or window, originally designed to direct water away from the opening; also called a drip mold. Ionic order One of the five classical orders used to describe decora ve scroll capitals. Infill New construc on where there had been open space before, such as a new building between two older structures; or block infill between porch piers or in an original window opening. Jack arch (see Flat arch) Light A sec on of a window, the pane of glass. Keystone The wedge-shaped top or center member of an arch. Kneebrace An oversize bracket suppor ng a can levered or projec ng element. Laƫce An openwork grill of interlacing wood strips used as screening. Lintel The horizontal top member of a window, door, or other opening. Mansard roof A roof with a double slope on all four sides, with the lower slope being almost ver cal and the upper almost horizontal. Masonry Exterior wall construc on of brick, stone or adobe laid up in small units. Massing The three-dimensional form of a building. Metal standing seam roof A roof composed of overlapping sec ons of metal such as copper-bearing steel or iron coated with a terne alloy of lead and n. These roofs were a ached or crimped together in various raised seams for which the roof is named. Modillion A bracket projec ng outward horizontally, o en in the form of a plain block, 68 Historic Preserva on Overlay Standards Ar cle VI. Defini ons ornamen ng, or some mes suppor ng the underside of a cornice. Mortar A mixture of sand, lime, cement, and water used as a binding agent in masonry construc on. Mullion A heavy ver cal divider between windows or doors. MulƟ-light window A window sash composed of more than one pane of glass. MunƟn A secondary framing member to divide and hold the panes of glass in mul-light window or glazed door. Neo-classical style Early twen eth century style that combines features of ancient. Renaissance, and Colonial architecture; characterized by imposing buildings with large columned porches. Oriel window A bay window which emerges above the ground floor level. Paired columns Two columns supported by one pier, as on a porch. Palladian window A window with three openings, the central one arched and wider than the flanking ones. Paneled door A door composed of solid panels (either raised or recessed) held within a framework of rails and s les. Parapet A low horizontal wall at the edge of a flat roof. Pediment A triangular crowning element forming the gable of a roof; any similar triangular element used over windows, doors, etc. Pier A ver cal structural element, square or rectangular in cross-sec on. Pilaster A square pillar a ached, but projec ng from a wall, resembling a classical column. Pitch The degree of the slope of a roof. Porte-cochere A porch large enough to extend over a driveway. PorƟco A roofed space, open or partly enclosed, forming the entrance and centerpiece of the facade of a building, o en with columns and a pediment. Portland cement Strong, inflexible cement used to bind mortar. (Mortar or patching materials with a high Portland cement content should not be used on old buildings. The Portland cement is harder than the masonry, thereby causing serious damage over annual freeze-thaw cycles) 69 Ar cle VI. Defini ons Pressed Ɵn Decora ve and func onal metalwork made of molded n used to sheath roofs, bays, and cornices. Pyramidal roof A roof with four iden cal sides rising to a central peak. Quoins Larger stones that mark the comer of a building of brick or stone. Ridge The top horizontal member of a roof where the sloping surfaces meet. RusƟcated Masonry roughened stonework or concrete blocks to give greater ar culaon to each block. Sailor course A row of horizontal brick headers used as a lintel, sill, or as a belt course. Sash The moveable framework containing the glass in a window. Segmental arch An arch whose profile or radius is less than a semicircle. Semi-circular arch An arch whose profile or radius is a half-circle the diameter of which equals the opening width. Sheathing An exterior covering of boards of other surface applied to the frame of the structure, (see Siding) Shed roof A gently pitched, almost flat roof with only one slope. Sidelight A ver cal area of fixed glass on either side of a door or window. Siding The exterior wall covering or sheathing of a structure. Sill The bo om crosspiece of a window frame. Soldier course A row of ver cal brick headers used as a lintel, sill, or belt course. Spoiling Loss of fragments (such as; stone, metal, concrete, glass, or a ceramic product) from a face or edge due to weathering. Spindles Slender, elaborately turned wood dowels or rods o en used in screens and porch trim. Stack bond Stack bond in brickwork, a bond in which the facing brick is laid with all ver cal joints con nuously aligned. In stone veneer masonry, a pa ern in which units of a single size are set with con nuous ver cal and horizontal joints. Streetscape The overall facade, not of a single structure, but of the many buildings that define the street. Surround An encircling border or decora ve frame, usually at windows or doors. 70 Historic Preserva on Overlay Standards Ar cle VI. Defini ons Swag Carved ornament in the form of a cloth draped over supports, or in the form of a garland of fruits and flowers. Terra CoƩa Cast and fired clay units, used as ornamenta on and set in the masonry construc on of a building . Transom A horizontal opening (or window) over a door or window. Trim The decora ve framing of openings and other features on a facade. Turret A small slender tower. Veranda A covered porch or balcony on a building's exterior. Vergeboard The horizontal face board following and set under the roof edge of a gable, some mes decorated by carving. Vernacular A regional form or adapta on of an architectural style. Wall dormer Dormer created by the upward extension of a wall and a breaking of the roofline. Water table A projec ng horizontal ledge, intended to prevent water from running down the face of a wall's lower sec on. Weatherboard Wood siding consis ng of overlapping boards usually thicker at the lower edge than the upper (clapboard). 71 [This page left blank intentionally.] Ar cle VII. Appendices ARTICLE VII. APPENDICES 73 1509 0 401 0 0 44 14 1417 450 422 410 340 0 0 0 311 1401 711 713 720 716 718 0 330 300 1377 659 657 651 647 643 641 1408 725 723 COLLEGE HILL 338 330 334 324 0 0 0 111 108 1375 1347 1339 1327 1325 1321 652 650 644 640 632 626 624 524 1317 1303 0 1301 0 0 0 0 1301 13TH AVE 220 224 210 1282 1285 1331 1271 1280 1269 1270 0 1268 1320 526 1303 725 639 637 633 627 621 617 518 522 521 424 740 720 644 636 642 632 1239 1240 213 628 724 1234 213 622 620 718 420 414 0 0 324 322 316 516 1260 1271 519 419 423 321 315 311 1306 1266 1252 1248 1246 KENTUCKY ST 1317 1311 200 ALLEY 0 522 0 516 0 0 0 0 0 205 0 1336 0 340 1346 1349 SEE SECTION 4.9.4 0 1415 1413 1355 1346 1343 1340 1329 1320 0 1366 1405 1340 1338 1328 1331 1329 1323 1324 1325 1314 1319 1318 1311 1310 13TH AVE 1265 0 1410 1425 1362 1403 1341 1303 1303 1302 1262 1244 1261 0 1426 1408 1417 1400 1358 1357 1349 1333 1327 1328 1319 1311 1267 1231 1265 1257 1253 1249 1243 1239 1235 1231 1225 0 1219 1229 1228 213 1211 1225 217 223 1226 1223 1201 12TH AVE 718 708 630 724 1161 636 1141 1121 1121 1139 1133 1129 721 727 735 712 713 717 704 707 1101 533 718 650 648 728 1046 1043 1035 1031 731 725 721 711 707 703 1011 641 716 740 712 708 710 UPPER EAST MAIN 702 630 636 640 624 556 558 931 925 556 800 800 707 800 707 800 800 800 920 635 802 803 653 643 800 641 621 623 639 635 629 625 803 812 816 804 651 608 625 0 701 807 811 627 615 615 0 604 546 605 600 601 0 0 0 601 229 614 225 809 Local Historic Designation 522 524 526629 636 740 615 523 ALLEY 515 517 CHESTNUT DODD 621 0 00 0 0 5380 CENTER ST 0 0 0 0 0 0 314 638 HILLCREST DR 725 419 710 325 327 321 323 0 300 62 7 ADAMS ST 0 632 742 Local Historic District 660 757 652 656 638 630 624 648 620 ALLEY 0 319 711 707 0 CHESTNUT ST 528 522 719 0 318 440 0 116 UNNAMED ALLEY 516 COLLEGE ST 813 790 DOWNTOWN COMMERCIAL 801 PARK ST 640 638 628 624 610 826 522 618 548 544 520 500 400 322 840 410 416 420 426422 428 430 4340 438 0 442 827 446 408 330 334 340 310 316 326 322 300 304 840 308 240 230 220 224 214 202 206 212 208 824 150 554 562 562 562 562 562 562 562 562 604 700 800 800 905 633 635 627 615 621 613 902 800 919 561 553 545 549 533 0 425 311 301 241 221 908 910 906 900 914 912 904 707 545 800 423 427 431 433 411 415 921 927923 921 926 522 922 443 419 401 550 522 0 418 410 943939 935 937 330 324 316 932 920 911 739 729 126 128 154 ELM ST 519 523 525 511 1018 1015 0 637 631 625 619 607 601 1024 1029 1023 1019 429 429 331 319 313 303 1001 139 125 131 135 CENTER ST 1020 310 1019 1026 1035 1039 304 1010 414 416 410 1039 104 0 1032 1029 1017 929 825 731 0 736 723 0 715 716 701 154 1044 724 640 630 415 1046 11TH AVE 1031 1023 1011 10TH AVE 943 939 935 929 911 810 800 158 624 1048 1046 616 614 419 1101 311 0 700 1117 1113 161 1114 701 1123 1116 1110 1101 123 129 135 665 653 659 649 643 637 631 627 613 621 603 607 611 1109 STATE ST 1115 UNNAMED ALLEY 727 1213 735 719 702 1212 703 707 660 661 0 0 626 620 622 1150 ALLEY 652 656 304 1149 1149 655 416 318 308 646 1173 1167 310 1151 1148 1140 651 713 1204 1205 531 523 525 305 321 315 307 311 1183 1177 1211 1202 118 1220 1211 EXHIBIT G1 1356 1260 1252 1238 1253 1240 1245 1224 1217 1215 UNNAMED ALLEY 323 324 1160 123 127 1257 1253 1250 1246 1224 1220 1218 418 1149 1147 524 1123 106 110 1247 1246 1237 1234 1214 1215 1217 1201 1202 12TH AVE 1153 1143 1141 1141 1123 1121 1112 11TH AVE 1031 1018 1011 1003 PARK ROW 423 801 738 732 728 720 718 700 7TH AVE 628 113 1241 1242 1327 1322 1302 1265 1235 1352 1353 1348 1340 1345 530 1262 1229 1229 1236 1140 1130 1120 1127 1126 1106 602 1045 1044 1028 1027 102 0 1017 1007 1002 918 804 8TH AVE 737 733 729 725 719 714 715 708 707 701 700 636 634 627 106 1029 1028 1046 1022 537 921 816 810 738 728 720 712 0 1505 704 621 61 5 625 CABE LL DR 1353 1349 1334 1326 1323 1318 1315 1310 1309 1303 1268 1308 1302 13TH AVE 1259 1253 1249 1231 648 1017 1022 649 645 639 631 513 601 0 0 611 109 1250 1243 0 145 6 14 46 1438 1352 1346 1340 1347 1241 1341 1337 1328 1327 1244 1229 1230 1215 1118 1111 11TH AVE 1035 1019 1018 1013 948 942 928 918 919 801 758 753 751 754 609 1400 1407 14TH AVE 1359 1357 1350 1344 1337 1338 1324 1319 1310 1311 1225 643 1303 1310 1240 COLLEGE HEIGHTS BLVD 1436 1414 1423 1402 1400 1366 1362 1363 1341 1455 1453 1447 1437 14 28 1435 1429 1422 1425 1416 1371 1356 1359 1337 1333 1332 1318 1315 1307 1310 723 1258 1234 1231 1227 1225 1220 1216 1215 523 1203 12TH AVE 1125 1122 1123 1120 1117 1105 1043 1036 727 1012 10TH AVE 945 946 941 631 936 935 931 925 919 912 MAIN AVE 813 811 647 SUNSET DR 61 4 635 612 641 603 607 605 616 FAIRVIEW CT ALLEY LOCAL HISTORIC DISTRICTS AND SITES 15 01 14 38 1435 1435 1409 1417 1405 1403 72 4 702 1327 1319 1315 1313 1311 610 1215 604 1501 04 15 1430 1332 1119 610 612 602 730 5 25 1434 523 1033 1027 917 610 601 727 6TH AVE 1399 03 14 1351 1341 1310 1137 1133 1116 814 606 608 606 604 550 74 Historic Preserva on Overlay Standards 1403 1405 1421 1401 1244 1242 7 122 1001 903 326 750 625 631 635 1 62 3 64 618 604 APPENDIX A ͳ Local Historic District Map - Zoning Exhibit G1 Ar cle VII. Appendices [This page left blank intentionally.] Article VII. Appendices APPENDIX B – WARREN COUNTY ZONING ORDINANCE ARTICLE 2 SEC. 2.5 HISTORIC PRESERVATION BOARD 2.5.1 Membership The Preservation Board shall consist of 5 citizen members which shall be appointed by the Mayor of the City of Bowling Green subject to the approval of the City Commission. The members shall have demonstrated interest in historic preservation, and at least 2 members shall have training or experience in a preservation‐related profession, architecture, history, archeology, architectural history, construction, planning or related fields. 2.5.2 Powers and Duties of the Preservation Board A. B. ARTICLE 3 SEC. 3.13 Jurisdiction. The area of jurisdiction of the Preservation Board shall include all land within the cities of Bowling Green, Oakland, Plum Springs, Smiths Grove, and Woodburn. The Preservation Board shall take action necessary and appropriate to accomplish the purpose of this Ordinance. These actions may include, but are not limited to: 1. Review staff initiated surveys of historic buildings and areas. 2. Reviewing the Natural and Cultural Resources Element of the Comprehensive Plan. 3. Recommending the designation of local historic districts individual local historic sites and conservation districts. 4. Regulating changes to designated property (including the issuance or denial of Certificates of Appropriateness). 5. Recommending Historic Overlay Standards for changes to designated property. LOCAL HISTORIC DESIGNATION 3.13.1 Who May Apply Consideration of the designation of a local historic site, a conservation district, or a local historic district may originate from the Legislative Body, the Preservation Board or the landowner of the property in question. A person or an organization proposing a Local Historic site designation shall file a zoning map amendment application with City‐County Planning Commission pursuant to Section 3.1 of this Ordinance. 76 Historic Overlay Standards Article VII. Appendices The Preservation Board shall recommend to the Planning Commission the designation of local historic sites, conservation districts, and local historic districts. After a public hearing and a recommendation by the Planning Commission, the Legislative Body shall make these designations by the enactment of an ordinance. 3.13.2 Planning Commission Public Hearing and Notice Required The Preservation Board shall assemble information about a property or district being considered for designation and shall then hold at least one fact finding meeting to draft a recommendation to the Planning Commission. When a hearing before the Planning Commission is scheduled on a proposal designating individual local historic sites, conservation districts, and local historic districts site, the following notice shall be given by the Planning Commission in addition to any other notice required by statute, by local regulation or ordinance: A. Notice of the Planning Commission hearing shall be posted conspicuously on the property for which the designation is proposed for 14 consecutive days immediately prior to the hearing. B. The Planning Commission public hearing sign shall be constructed of durable material, shall be written in letters sufficiently large enough to be read from the public street, shall state the telephone number of the Planning Commission, and shall state the time, place and date of Planning Commission hearing. C. Notice of the Planning Commission hearing shall be given at least 14 days in advance of the hearing by first‐class mail, to the owner of every parcel of property adjoining the property for which the designation is proposed. It shall be the duty of the person or persons proposing the designation to furnish to the Planning Commission the names and addresses of the owners of all affected and adjoining property. Records maintained by the Property Valuation Administrator may be relied upon to determine the identity and address of said owner. 3.13.3 Historic Overlay Standards A. The Historic Overlay Standards shall include the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards and Guidelines for the Treatment of Historic Properties, as well as the Secretary of the Interior’s Guidelines on Sustainability for Rehabilitating Historic Buildings and may include other local standards that will apply to all designated property in the affected jurisdiction. B. The Historic Overlay Standards shall not limit new construction to any one architectural style but shall seek to preserve the character and integrity of the local historic site, conservation districts, and local historic districts. C. The Historic Overlay Standards shall suggest changes that would be appropriate for local historic sites, conservation districts, and local historic districts. 77 Article VII. Appendices D. The Preservation Board may expand or amend the Historic Overlay Standards it has adopted provided it submits the proposed changes to the Planning Commission and affected Legislative Body for its approval. 3.13.4 Designation Criteria A local historic site, conservation district, and/or local historic districts shall qualify for designation when it meets one or more of the following criteria which shall be discussed in a Preservation Board report making its recommendations to the Planning Commission and the Legislative Body: A. Its location as a site of significant cultural or archeological heritage of the locality, state or nation; B. Its location as a site of a significant local, state or national event; C. Its identification with a person or persons who significantly contributed to the development of the locality, state or nation; D. E. F. Its value as a building that is recognized for the quality of its architecture and that retains sufficient elements showing its architectural significance; Its character as a geographically definable area possessing a significant concentration of sites, buildings or structures united by past events or aesthetically by plan or physical development; or Its character as an established and geographically definable neighborhood, united by culture, architectural style or physical plan and development. 3.13.5 Preservation Board Written Report After evaluating survey information and other material it has assembled, the Preservation Board shall make its recommendation to the City‐County Planning Commission in the form of a written report. 3.13.6 Conduct of Public Hearing Upon receipt of the written recommendation report, the City‐County Planning Commission shall then hold a public hearing in accordance with the requirement of a map amendment as contained in KRS Chapter 100.207 and 100.212. 3.13.7 Legislative Body Action A. The Planning Commission’s recommendation for approval or disapproval of the amendment and the findings of fact which support the recommendation shall be forwarded to the affected legislative body for consideration. The legislative body shall take final action upon a proposed zoning map amendment within 90 days of the date of the Planning Commission’s recommendation. Failure of the legislative body to act within 90 days shall deem the recommendation of the Planning Commission to have passed by operation of law. 78 Historic Overlay Standards Article VII. Appendices B. The local historic site, or local historic districts shall be shown on the Official Zoning Map by the use of the letter "H", and the conservation district shall be shown by use of the letter “C”; this identification and designation shall be in addition to the other categories shown on the Official Zoning Map. 3.13.8 Notification of Decision The Planning Commission shall notify each owner of the decision relating to his property and shall arrange that the designation of a property as a local historic site or as a part of a historic district be recorded in the records of Warren County Clerk's office. The Planning Commission shall also give notice of the decision to the government offices in the City and County which shall retain it for future reference. 3.13.9 Amendment or Rescission of Designation The amendment or rescission of any designation shall be accomplished through the same steps as were followed in the original designation. SEC. 3.14 CERTIFICATE OF APPROPRIATENESS 3.14.1 When Required A Certificate of Appropriateness from the Preservation Board shall be required before a person may undertake the following actions affecting a local historic site, and/or local historic districts: A. Alteration of the exterior part of the building or structure B. New construction or new additions; C. Signs, fences or new parking areas; D. Demolition; or E. Relocation. 3.14.2 Application Through Building Official A. The Building Inspector shall forward to the Preservation Board every application for a permit that would authorize an exterior alteration new construction, demolition or relocation affecting a local historic site, conservation districts, or a local historic district. B. The Building Inspector shall give the applicant a form from the Preservation Board requesting additional information from the applicant. The applicant shall provide, where applicable, drawings of the proposed work, photographs of the existing building or structure or site and adjacent properties, and information about the building materials and processes to be used. 3.14.3 Application Directly Through Preservation Board When a person wishes to undertake an exterior alteration affecting a local historic site, or a property in a local historic district that does not require a building permit, that 79 Article VII. Appendices person shall apply directly to the Preservation Board for a Certificate of Appropriateness. 3.14.4 Public Hearing Required A. The Preservation Board shall hold a public hearing on each Certificate of Appropriateness, with the exception of Certificate of Appropriateness specified in item B below, at its next scheduled monthly meeting provided the completed application is received at least 14 days prior to that meeting and a decision shall be rendered at that meeting, unless the Preservation Board deems the application incomplete or requests additional information at which time the Preservation Board shall have until its next regular scheduled monthly meeting in which to render a decision. B. The Preservation Board may authorize staff to grant or deny an application for a Certificate of Appropriateness as outlined in Section 3.14.1,A or C on its behalf without the required public hearing. The staff shall not be authorized to grant or deny an application for a Certificate of Appropriateness as outlined in Section 3.14.1,B, D or E. 3.14.5 Preservation Board Decision A. The Preservation Board shall approve or disapprove each application, and it shall give its reasons for its decision using the criteria contained in this section and in its guidelines. The Preservation Board may suggest modifications to an application and may then approve a Certificate of Appropriateness providing for revisions in the plans submitted. B. In making a decision on an application, the Preservation Board shall use the adopted Historic Overlay Standards for that local historic site, conservation district, or a local historic district. The Preservation Board shall consider: 1. 2. 3. The effect of the proposed work on the property upon which such work is to be done; and The relationship between such work and other structures on the site or other property in the conservation or local historic district. In evaluating the effect and the relationship, the Preservation Board shall consider historical and architectural significance, architectural style, design, arrangement, texture, and materials. C. 80 Historic Overlay Standards The Certificate of Appropriateness from the Preservation Board shall not relieve the property owner from complying with the requirements of other state and local laws and regulations. Article VII. Appendices D. In making a decision on an application, the Preservation Board shall be aware of the importance of finding a way to meet the current needs of the applicant. The Preservation Board shall also recognize the importance of approving plans that will be reasonable for the applicant to carry out. 3.14.6 Demolition ‐ Economic Hardship A. On all demolition applications, the Preservation Board shall study the question of economic hardship for the applicant and shall determine whether the local historic site or the property in the conservation or local historic district can be put to reasonable beneficial use without the approval of the demolition application. In the case of an income‐producing building the Preservation Board shall also determine whether the applicant can obtain a reasonable return from his existing building. 3.14.7 Relocation A. When the applicant wishes to move a building or structure on a local historic site, or a building or structure in a conservation or local historic district or wishes to move a building or structure to a local historic site or to a property in a conservation or local historic district, the Preservation Board shall consider: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The contributions the building or structure makes to its present setting; Whether there are definite plans for the site to be vacated; Whether the building or structure can be moved without significant damage to its physical integrity; and The compatibility of the building or structure to its proposed site and adjacent properties. These considerations shall be in addition to the points contained in Sec. 3.14.6B. 3.14.8 Conformity with Certificate of Appropriateness All work performed pursuant to a Certificate of Appropriateness shall conform to the provisions of such Certificate. It shall be the responsibility of the Preservation Board to inspect from time to time any work being performed to assure such compliance. In the event work is being performed which is not in accordance with such Certificate, a Stop Work Order shall be issued, and all work shall cease on the designated property. No additional work shall be undertaken as long as such Stop Work Order shall continue in effect. 81 Article VII. Appendices 3.14.9 Maintenance and Repairs A. B. Ordinary repairs and maintenance may be undertaken in accordance with adopted building codes without a Certificate of Appropriateness provided this work on a local historic site or a property in a local historic district does not change its exterior appearance. Ordinary repairs and maintenance shall include, but not be limited to, work done with the same materials and the replacement of windows and doors with identical items. In any case where the Building Inspector determines that there are emergency conditions dangerous to life, health or property affecting a local historic site, or a property in a local historic district or conservation district, he may order the remedying of these conditions without the approval of the Preservation Board. The Building Inspector shall promptly notify the Chairman of the Preservation Board of the action being taken. C. Every person in charge of a local historic site or a property in a local historic district or conservation district shall, in accordance with all local regulations, keep in good repair: 1. All of the exterior portions of such buildings or structures; and 2. All interior portions thereof which, if not so maintained, may cause such buildings or structures to deteriorate or to become damaged or otherwise to fall into a state of disrepair. D. The purpose of this section is to prevent a person from forcing the demolition of his building by neglecting it and permitting damage to the building by weather or vandalism. No provision in this article shall be interpreted to require an owner or tenant to undertake an alteration or to restore his building to its original appearance or to repair his building when it has been damaged by fire or an act of nature and rehabilitation is not economically feasible. E. The Preservation Board may request the Building Inspector to take action under City regulations to require correction of defects in any building or structure designated under this article so that such building or structure shall be preserved in accordance with the purposes of this Ordinance. The action taken by the City may include boarding up the doors, windows and other parts of the building and additional steps to stabilize walls, roofs and other parts of the building. F. The provisions of this section shall be in addition to all other provisions of the Kentucky Building Code requiring buildings and structures to be kept in good repair. 82 Historic Overlay Standards Article VII. Appendices 3.14.10 Other Regulations and Laws All other regulations and laws covering local historic site and buildings in conservation or local historic districts shall continue in effect after a property or properties have been designated as local historic sites. 3.14.11 Appeals A. Staff Approved Certificates of Appropriateness 1. Any person or entity claiming to be injured or aggrieved by any final action of a staff approved Certificate of Appropriateness shall appeal the final action to the Board of Adjustments of Warren County. B. Board Approved Certificates of Appropriateness 1. The Historic Preservation Board is the final administrative authority for all decisions on Certificates of Appropriateness. Any person or entity claiming to be injured or aggrieved by any final action of the Preservation Board shall appeal from the final action to the Circuit Court of Warren County. ARTICLE 4 SEC. 4.9.4 Historic Overlay District A. Purpose and Intent. 1. To maintain and preserve the unique historic and architectural characteristics of areas and buildings having special or distinctive features or having special historic, architectural, aesthetic or cultural interest and value to the community, state and nation. 2. To establish standards to review the rehabilitation of existing structures and new construction to ensure that it is compatible with the character of the historic district and discourage growth or alterations that will negatively impact the historic character of the districts. 3. To protect historic buildings and districts in Warren County in order to maintain one of the county’s principal economic development and heritage tourism resources. 4. To enhance the appeal of Bowling Green and Warren County’s historic neighborhoods as distinctive areas and to enhance property values within these Districts. 5. To encourage and promote the public health, safety and general welfare of the citizens of Bowling Green and Warren County by ensuring that changes in the designated districts enhance the historic qualities that are enjoyed by all members of the community and which makes the area a special place in which to live and work. 83 Article VII. Appendices B. Description of the Area. The following are hereby designated as part of the Historic Overlay District requiring review from the Historic Preservation Board: 1. Local Historic Districts, Local Historic Sites (HD) or Local Historic Conservation Districts (HC) (See Exhibit G1 in Appendix A). C. Permitted Uses. Except as prohibited in item D below, uses permitted in each zoning district are those uses permitted in the underlying zoning district as enumerated in the Use Table in Sec. 5.1. This table employs broad use categories containing a variety of similar uses for each Zoning District. The use categories are described in Sec. 5.2, Use Categories, and Appendix B, which lists examples of uses (showing which use categories they fall into). Prohibited Uses. The following uses are expressly prohibited in the following areas of the Historic Overlay District: D. Chestnut Dodd and Upper East Main Local Historic Districts 1. Adult Entertainment Establishments; 2. Group Living; 3. Eating Establishments with Drive‐Thru 4. Bars/Lounges; 5. Hotels, Motels & Extended Stay Facilities; 6. Commercial Parking 7. Game Arcades, Pool Halls, Dance Halls, Indoor Firing Ranges, Health Clubs, & Gyms; 7. Retail Over 4,000 SF, Planned Shopping Centers up to 30,000 SF, and Retail with Drive‐Thru or Pickup Window; 8. Fuel Stations or Sales and Other Limited Vehicle Service; 9. Telecommunications Support Structure and Attached Telecommunications Facility 84 Historic Overlay Standards College Hill Local Historic District 1. Adult Entertainment Establishments; 2. Multi‐Family Residential greater than six (6) units; 3. Group Living (excluding Fraternities and Sororities in the University District and Rooming and Boarding Houses); 4. Eating Establishments with Drive‐Thru and Bars/Lounges; 5. TV and Radio Studios; 6. Hotels, Motels, Extended Stay Facilities and RV Parks; 7. Commercial Parking; 8. Game Arcades, Pool Halls, Dance Halls, Indoor Firing Ranges, Health Clubs, & Gyms; 9. Active Outdoor Recreation and Entertainment, Passive Outdoor Recreation and Entertainment, Sportsmen’s Farms, and Campgrounds; 10. Animal Hospitals and Kennels; Article VII. Appendices 11. 12. 13. Retail Over 4,000 SF, Planned Shopping Centers up to 30,000 SF, Vehicle Sales and Retail with Drive‐Thru or Pickup Window; Vehicle Repair, Fuel Stations or Sales and Other Limited Vehicle Service Telecommunications Support Structure and Attached Telecommunications Facility; Downtown Commercial Local Historic District 1. Adult Entertainment Establishments; 2. Group Living 3. Eating Establishments with Drive‐Thru 4. Fuel Stations or Sales and Other Limited Vehicle Service 5. Telecommunications Support Structure and Telecommunications Facility; E. Attached Historic Overlay Standards, Secretary of the Interior’s Standards and Guidelines for the Rehabilitation of Historic Properties. The Historic Overlay shall include General Development Standards adopted as outlined in Section 3.13.3 and may also incorporate other Local Standards, the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards and Guidelines for the Treatment of Historic Properties as applicable, as well as the Secretary of the Interior’s Guidelines on Sustainability for Rehabilitating Historic Buildings (See Exhibit G2 in Appendix A) F. Redevelopment of Existing Site. It is recognized that certain properties in the Historic Overlay District were developed prior to incorporation and/or adoption of technical and development standards for the district. When an existing site is redeveloped as defined in Article 6, the site shall be brought into conformance with the technical and development standards of this district to the greatest extent feasible or possible. G. Development Standards – Chestnut Dodd and Upper East Main Local Historic Districts. Buildings should reflect an individual design that has considered the architectural and historical character of surrounding development. For all developments within the overlay district, the following technical standards shall apply: 1. Fences (Location, height, style, material). All proposed fences within the Historic Overlay District must obtain a COA from the Historic Preservation Board or staff prior to the issuance of a building permit and must be appropriate and compatible with the historic character of the subject property. a. Acceptable visible fence material shall be wood, brick, stone, or wrought or cast iron and must be appropriate and compatible with the architectural style and period of the associated building. Aluminum fences may be permitted in rear yards in a style appropriate for the associated building. 85 Article VII. Appendices b. Wood privacy fences and solid wall fences of wood or brick may be built to a height of six feet on interior side and rear property lines. Such fences shall be set back so that they are closer to the rear plane of the house than the front plane of the house. c. Fences in front yards must be of a style that is compatible and appropriate for the style of the house and street and must be of a maximum height of four feet. (A list of appropriate fences styles, material is included in the design guidelines.) d. New retaining walls should be of BRICK or STONE and not of poured concrete, concrete block, rusticated concrete block or railroad ties. e. Vinyl fences, Wooden split rail fences and all chain‐link fences are prohibited within the Historic Overlay District. 2. Signs. The visual transfer of business advertising and other public information through the use of external signs in this Historic Overlay District shall comply with the following sign requirements. Materials, colors, and shades of proposed signs shall be compatible with the related buildings on the property and must be approved by the Historic Preservation Board. All completed signs must have a high quality professional appearance. Sign materials shall be limited to high quality construction materials a. The following type signs are the most appropriate in a residential setting: freestanding sign in the yard, a plaque style sign by the front entrance, a hanging sign that hangs from the porch fascia board or a sign painted on a glass entrance or a window. Signs should not obscure important architectural elements, such as a gable field or brackets. b. General. New signage should be compatible in material, size, color, scale and design with the building and district. Signs that are over‐scaled or inappropriate include roof‐top signs, plastic signs, back‐lit, internally‐lit fluorescent signs or awnings, signs that flash or move, holographic, LED, billboards or reader boards. c. Materials. Materials such as wood, metal, fiberglass, finished, carved or sandblasted wood, goldleaf or a material that is compatible with the historic district or building. d. Size. Freestanding signs should be no taller than four feet (4’) or wider than eight feet (8’). Hanging signs should be proportionate to the space but generally no taller than two feet (2’) or wider than three feet (3’). Plaque style signs should be sized appropriately for the house. e. Colors. Signs should be limited to no more than three (3) colors; however in the case of company colors, they may be used for the 86 Historic Overlay Standards Article VII. Appendices company logo, which may or may not be the entire sign. Fluorescent, day‐glow, holographic and photo printed letters and backgrounds are not appropriate. f. Design: The design of signs should complement their surrounding and be pedestrian oriented. The sign should be integrated into the architectural design of the building and should not dominate the façade or interfere with adjacent buildings. g. The number of graphic elements shall be held to the minimum needed to convey the sign’s major message, generally the name of the business and any identifying logo or symbol. h. Traditional fonts, painted, silk screened, gilded or vinyl lettering on glass is appropriate. i. Lighting. Light signs in a manner compatible with the historic character and pedestrian scale of the district with concealed or incandescent lighting. Back‐lit or internally‐lit, bare spot lights, plastic box signs or high‐wattage metal halide lights are not appropriate. j. Hardware. Mounting methods should be simple in design and should not damage the historic building. 3. Driveways & Parking Areas. a. Parking is not permitted in front yards b. New parking areas are to be no larger than six spaces and are to be screened. c. Rear yards should not be significantly altered for parking. Existing topography and vegetation should be retained as much as possible. d. If parking is located in the rear yard, it is recommended that wood board fencing be installed to screen the parking. e. Driveways shall be located to the side of the house with garages and carports in the rear. f. Circular driveways should not be constructed unless they are part of the original landscape configuration. g. Drives and parking areas shall be paved with asphalt, concrete, brick pavers, pervious material or similar permeable paving material. Asphalt is permitted but not recommended. 87 Article VII. Appendices H. h. Where possible, traditional concrete “track” or “strip” driveways should be retained and used for new driveways. Development Standards – College Hill Local Historic District. Buildings should reflect an individual design that has considered the architectural and historical character of surrounding development. For all developments within the overlay district, the following technical standards shall apply: 1. Fences. All proposed fences within the Historic Overlay District must obtain a COA from the Historic Preservation Board or staff. a. Acceptable fence material shall be wood, brick, stone, aluminum and wrought iron and must be appropriate and compatible with the architectural style and period of the associate building. b. Wood privacy fences and solid wall fences of wood or brick may be built to a height of six feet on interior side and rear property lines. Such Fences shall be set back from the plane of the front façade of the house. c. Fences in front yards must be of a style that is compatible and appropriate for the style of the house and street and must be of a maximum height of four feet. (A list of appropriate fences styles, material is included in the design guidelines.) d. New retaining walls should be of BRICK or STONE and not of poured concrete, concrete blocks, rusticated concrete block or railroad ties. e. Vinyl fences, Wooden split rail fences, and all chain‐link fences are prohibited within the Historic Overlay District. 3. Signs. The following type signs are the most appropriate in a residential setting: freestanding sign in the yard, a plaque style sign by the front entrance, a hanging sign that hangs from the porch fascia board or a sign painted on a glass entrance or a window. Signs should not obscure important architectural elements, such as a gable field or brackets. a. General: New signage should be compatible in material, size, color, scale and design with the building and district. Prohibited signs include over‐scaled or inappropriate roof‐top signs, plastic signs, back‐lit, internally‐lit fluorescent signs or awnings, signs that flash or move, holographic, LED, billboards or reader boards. b. Materials: Materials such as wood, metal, fiberglass, finished, carved or sandblasted wood, goldleaf or a material that is compatible with the historic district or building. c. Size: Freestanding signs should be no taller than four feet (4’) or wider than eight feet (8’). Hanging signs should be proportionate to the space 88 Historic Overlay Standards Article VII. Appendices but generally no taller than two feet (2’) or wider than three feet (3’). Plaque style signs should be sized appropriately for the house. d. Colors: Signs should be limited to no more than three (3) colors; however in the case of company colors, they may be used for the company logo, which may or may not be the entire sign. Fluorescent, day‐glow, holographic and photo printed letters and backgrounds are not appropriate. e. Design: The design of signs should complement their surrounding and be pedestrian oriented. The sign should be integrated into the architectural design of the building and should not dominate the façade or interfere with adjacent buildings. f. The number of graphic elements shall be held to the minimum needed to convey the sign’s major message, generally the name of the business and any identifying logo or symbol. g. Traditional fonts, painted, silk screened, gilded or vinyl lettering on glass is appropriate. h. Lighting: Light signs in a manner compatible with the historic character and pedestrian scale of the district with concealed or incandescent lighting. Back‐lit or internally‐lit, bare spot lights, plastic box signs or high‐wattage metal halide lights are not appropriate. i. Hardware: Mounting methods should be simple in design and should not damage the historic building. 1. Driveways & Parking Areas a. Parking is not permitted in front yard b. New parking areas are to be no larger than six spaces and are to be screened. c. Rear yards should not be significantly altered for parking. Existing topography and vegetation should be retained as much as possible. d. If parking is located in the rear yard, it is recommended that wood board fencing be installed to screen the parking. e. Driveways shall be located to the side of the house with garages and carports in the rear. f. Circular driveways should not be constructed unless they are part of the original landscape configuration. 89 Article VII. Appendices g. Drives and parking areas shall be paved with concrete, brick pavers, pervious material or similar permeable paving material. Asphalt is permitted but not recommended. I. h. Where possible, traditional concrete “track” or “strip” driveways should be retained and used for new driveways. Development Standards – Downtown Commercial Local Historic District. Buildings should reflect an individual design that has considered the architectural and historical character of surrounding development. For all developments within the overlay district, the following technical standards shall apply: 2. Fences. All proposed fences within the Historic Overlay District must obtain a COA from the Historic Preservation Board or staff. a. Acceptable fence material shall be wood, masonry, stone, aluminum and wrought iron and must be appropriate and compatible with the architectural style and period of the associated building. b. Vinyl fences, Wooden split rail fences and all chain‐link fences are prohibited within the Historic Overlay District. 3. Signs. The visual transfer of business advertising and other public information through the use of external signs in this Historic Overlay District shall comply with the following sign requirements. Materials, colors, and shades of proposed signs shall be compatible with the related buildings on the property and must be approved by the Historic Preservation Board. All completed signs must have a high quality professional appearance. Sign materials shall be limited to high quality construction materials. The more restrictive of the Historic District Overlay or the underlying district shall apply. a. Electronic Message Display (EMD) Signs are prohibited in all Local Historic Districts. b. Location: Signs must be located in historically traditional locations, such as storefront beltcourses or on flat surfaces of the building; painted on glass elements or hanging or mounted inside windows or door. Canopy signs shall not project above the roof line nor above the vertical canopy face. c. Materials: Signs should be constructed of high quality, historic sign materials such as: wood, finished metal or fiberglass). Molded plastic lettering in an appropriate color and font and with a dull finish is allowed. Sign materials that are not permitted include unfinished plyboard, shiny plastic or plastic substrate signs. 90 Historic Overlay Standards Article VII. Appendices d. Size: Signs should utilize lettering not exceeding 18 inches in height or covering more than 60 percent of the total sign area. e. Colors: Signs should coordinate with the overall building colors. f. Lighting: Internally illuminated signs are not permitted. Signs should have indirect, soft, muted lighting from an external, shielded lamp. g. Hardware: Sign mounting methods should be simple in design and should not damage the historic building. 91 [This page left blank intentionally.] Article VII. Appendices APPENDIX C – SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR’S STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR’S STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION 1. Every reasonable effort shall be made to provide a compatible use for a property that requires minimal alteration of the building, structure, or site and its environment, or to use a property for its originally intended purpose. 2. The distinguishing original qualities or character of a building, structure, or site and its environment shall not be destroyed. The removal or alteration of any historic material or distinctive architectural features should be avoided when possible. 3. All buildings, structures, and sites shall be recognized as products of their own time. Alterations that have no historical basis and which seek to create an earlier appearance shall be discouraged. 4. Changes that may have taken place in the course of time are evidence of the history and development of a building, structure, or site and its environment. These changes may be acquired significance in their own right, and this significance shall be recognized and respected. 5. Distinctive stylistic features or examples of skilled craftsmanship that characterize a building, structure, or site shall be treated with sensitivity. 6. Deteriorated architectural features shall be repaired rather than replaced, wherever possible. In the event replacement is necessary, the new material should match the material being replaced in composition, design, color, texture, and other visual qualities. Repair or replacement of missing architectural features should be based on accurate duplications of features, substantiated by historic, physical, or pictorial evidence rather than on conjectural designs or the availability of different architectural elements from other buildings or structures. 7. The surface cleaning or structures shall be undertaken with the gentlest means possible. Sandblasting and other cleaning methods that will damage the historic building materials shall not be undertaken. 8. Every reasonable effort shall be made to protect and preserve archeological resources affected by, or adjacent to any project. 9. Contemporary design for alterations and additions to existing properties shall not be discouraged when such alterations and additions do not destroy significant historical, architectural or cultural material, and such design is compatible with the size, scale, color, material, and character of the property, neighborhood or environment. 10. Wherever possible, new additions or alterations to structures shall be done in such a manner that if such additions or alterations were to be removed in the future, the essential form and integrity of the structure would be unimpaired. 93
