Report WEF Plankenbrug sewer HIA

Case No. 1400211AS1002E
HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT
PROPOSED UPGRADING OF THE EXISTING PLANKENBRUG
MAIN OUTFALL SEWER AND ASSOCIATED WORKS IN
STELLENBOSCH, WESTERN CAPE
Assessment conducted under Section 38 (3) of the National Heritage
Resource Act (No. 25 of 1999)
Prepared for:
WITHERS ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS
Att: Mr Charl Cilliers
PO Box 6118, Uniedal, 7612
E-mail: [email protected]
Client:
STELLENBOSCH MUNICIPALITY
By
Jonathan Kaplan
Agency for Cultural Resource Management
5 Stuart Road, Rondebosch, 7700
Ph/Fax: 021 6857589
Cellular: 082 321 0172
Email: [email protected]
JUNE
2015
Heritage Impact Assessment proposed upgrading of the Plankenbrug main outfall sewer, and
associated works in Stellenbosch
Executive summary
Introduction
ACRM was appointed to conduct a Heritage Impact Assessment (HIA) for the proposed
upgrading of the Plankenbrug main outfall sewer and associated works in Stellenbosch
in the Western Cape.
The development proposal
The project entails the upgrading and construction of new sewers in two areas (referred
to as Area A & Area B) in Stellenbosch as the existing sewer line’s capacity is insufficient
to convey current and predicted future flows to the Stellenbosch Waste Water Treatment
Works.
For the purpose of this heritage assessment, the study is concerned only with the
proposed new sewer line between Points A2 and A3 (in Area A), at Bosman’s Crossing.
The proposed new sewer line at Bosman’s Crossing intrudes marginally into the south
western corner of the Papagaaiberg Cemetery, alongside Distillery Road. Mindful of the
presence of graves, the sewer pipe in this area will be installed by means of pipe jacking
(or horizontal drilling) to a depth of between 8m and 10m, where it will run beneath the
cemetery on Erf 285. This type of installation (a form of tunneling) is commonly used
wherever a pipeline needs to be buried under major roadways. When installing the
sewer pipe in this manner, no impact is caused to structures or features at ground level.
It is therefore unlikely that visible graves will be impacted by this method of construction.
A shallow trench will also be excavated between the cemetery caretaker’s house to the
new sewer line alongside Distillery Road. The alignment of this portion of the pipeline is
located outside the cadastral boundary of the cemetery (Erf 285) and therefore no
graves are likely to be intersected by the excavations.
The proposed new sewer line will pass close to a large sandstone boulder designating
the Bosman’s Crossing Provincial Heritage Site (PHS), between Adam Tas Road and
Distillery Road. This important landmark has been noted by the project engineers
(AECOM) and has been set aside as an `Archaeological Reserve’ and will not be
impacted by proposed construction work. The existing Plankenbrug outfall sewer
alongside Distillery Road will be retained while the new sewer line is constructed.
During construction of the Plankenbrug sewer outfall pipeline in the mid 1980’s, the
pipeline between Points A2 and A3 was installed by trenching to a depth of between 10
and 12 m, and included a 20 m wide disturbed footprint at its widest point. According to
Mr Chris Keyser (retired Municipal engineer) who was involved with the design and
installation of the pipeline at the time, several `large stone implements’, were recovered
from the spoil dumps.
A Notification of Intent to Develop (NID) was completed by Withers Environmental
Consultants (WEF) and submitted to Heritage Western Cape (HWC), who requested that
a HIA, comprising an archaeological study, a palaeontological study, a built environment
study, and a visual impact assessment must be done. However, following further
correspondence between WEF and HWC, HWC issued a revised comment, requesting
ACRM JUNE 2015
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Heritage Impact Assessment proposed upgrading of the Plankenbrug main outfall sewer, and
associated works in Stellenbosch
that a HIA still needs to be done, only focusing on the proposed sewer line between
Point A and Point B at Bosman’s Crossing, with `an emphasis on historical archaeology
especially the positioning of historical graves in the area and a brief overview of the MSA
and LSA archaeology in that specific stretch’.
Findings
A field assessment of the proposed sewer line (Area A), between the Plankenbrug
industrial area and the Stellenbosch Waste Water Treatment Works, was undertaken by
ACRM on 5 June 2015.
The following observations were made:
Isolated Early Stone Age implements (angular chunks) were recorded alongside
the banks of the Plankenbrug River, and Distillery Road (below the cemetery),
including a dispersed scatter of ESA tools (chunks, flakes & a core) in open land
alongside Adam Tas Road/the existing sewer outfall pipeline. Isolated lithics were
also found in Devon Valley Road and at the entrance to the WWTW in
Vredenburg Road. The remains have been graded as having low (Grade 3C)
significance, due to the disturbed and isolated context in which they were found.
The Bosman’s Crossing PHS is located about 30-40 m south of the existing
Plankenbrug sewer outfall alongside Distillery Road, and will not be impacted by
proposed construction activities. The important archaeological site has been
demarcated as an Archaeological Reserve (cadastral 7036/1958).
Nine grave sites were encountered alongside the fence inside the Papagaaiberg
Cemetery, of which at least three occur within the alignment of the proposed new
sewer line. Graves are graded as having high (Grade II) significance at a
Provincial level.
Conclusion
The field assessment indicates that the proposed upgrading of the Plankenbrug outfall
sewer and associated works (between Point A2 & Point A3), and the method of
construction (i. e. horizontal drilling/tunneling) will not impact on important archaeological
heritage, including surface graves, as the pipe will be installed by means of pipe jacking
at a depth of about 10m. No impact is caused to structures or features such as burials, at
ground level, during this process.
From a heritage perspective there are no fatal flaws and therefore, provided that
recommendations are considered and/or implemented, there are no objections to the
authorization of the proposed upgrading of the Plankenbrug main outfall sewer and
associated works.
Recommendations
1. No further archaeological mitigation is required.
2. If any unmarked human remains/burials are intersected during drilling operations,
these must immediately be reported to the archaeologist (J Kaplan 082 321
ACRM JUNE 2015
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Heritage Impact Assessment proposed upgrading of the Plankenbrug main outfall sewer, and
associated works in Stellenbosch
0172), or Heritage Western Cape (A. September 021 483 9543). Burials or
remains must not be disturbed until inspected by a professional archaeologist.
Burial remains must be treated sensitively at all times.
ACRM JUNE 2015
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Heritage Impact Assessment proposed upgrading of the Plankenbrug main outfall sewer, and
associated works in Stellenbosch
Table of Contents
Page
Executive summary
1
1. INTRODUCTION
5
2. DEVELOPMENT PROPOSAL
5
3. HERITAGE LEGISLATION
8
4. TERMS OF REFERENCE
8
5. STUDY APPROACH
5.1 Method of survey
5.2 Constraints and limitations
5.3 Identification of potential risks
5.4 Archaeology of the study area
8
8
8
8
9
6. FINDINGS
6.1 Archaeology
6.2 Graves
9
9
12
7. IMPACT STATEMENT
7.1 Archaeology
7.2 Graves
13
13
13
8. CONCLUSION
13
9. RECOMMENDATIONS
14
10. REFERENCES
15
Appendix A
ACRM JUNE 2015
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Heritage Impact Assessment proposed upgrading of the Plankenbrug main outfall sewer, and
associated works in Stellenbosch
1. INTRODUCTION
Withers Environmental Consultants (WEF), on behalf of Stellenbosch Municipality
appointed the Agency for Cultural Resource Management to conduct a Heritage Impact
Assessment (HIA) for the proposed upgrading of the Plankenbrug main outfall sewer and
associated works on Erf 265-3974, 380, 8933, 6840 & 6886-6296, 9726, 1/1147 & 9545
Stellenbosch, in the Western Cape (Figure 1).
The HIA forms part of a Basic Assessment process that is being conducted by WEF.
2. DEVELOPMENT PROPOSAL
The project entails the upgrading and construction of new sewers in two areas (referred
to as Area A & Area B) in Stellenbosch as the existing sewer line’s capacity is insufficient
to convey current and predicted future flows to the Stellenbosch Waste Water Treatment
Works (WWTW).
For the purpose of the heritage assessment, the study is only concerned with the
proposed new sewer line between Points A2 and A3 (in Area A) at Bosman’s Crossing
on the western side of the Plankenbrug River (Figure 2).
The proposed new sewer at Bosman’s Crossing intrudes marginally into the south
western corner of the Papagaaiberg Cemetery, alongside Distillery Road. Mindful of the
presence of graves, the sewer pipe in this area will be installed by means of pipe jacking
(or horizontal drilling) to a depth of between 8m and 10m, where it traverses beneath the
cemetery on Erf 285. This type of installation (a form of tunneling) is commonly used
wherever a pipeline needs to be buried under major roadways. When installing the
sewer pipe in this manner, no impact is caused to structures or features at ground level.
It is therefore unlikely that visible graves will be impacted by this method of construction.
A shallow trench will also be constructed between the cemetery caretaker’s house, to the
new sewer line alongside Distillery Road. The alignment of this portion of the pipeline is
located outside the cadastral boundary of the cemetery (Erf 285) and therefore no
graves are likely to be intersected by the excavations.
The proposed new sewer passes close to a large sandstone boulder designating the
Bosman’s Crossing Provincial Heritage Site (PHS) between Adam Tas Road and
Distillery Road. This important landmark has been noted by the project engineers
(AECOM) and has been set aside as an `Archaeological Reserve’ and will not be
impacted by proposed construction operations. The existing Plankenbrug outfall sewer
alongside Distillery Road will be retained while the new sewer line is constructed.
During construction of the Plankenbrug main sewer pipeline in the mid 1980’s, the
pipeline between Points A2 and A3 was installed by trenching to a depth of about 11 m
and included a 20 m wide disturbed footprint at its widest point. According to the Mr
Chris Keyser (pers. comm.), retired Municipal engineer, who was involved with the
design and installation of the pipeline, several `large stone implements’, were recovered
from the spoil dumps.
A Notification of Intent to Develop (NID) was completed by Withers Environmental
Consultants (WEF) and submitted to Heritage Western Cape (HWC), who requested that
ACRM JUNE 2015
5
Heritage Impact Assessment proposed upgrading of the Plankenbrug main outfall sewer, and
associated works in Stellenbosch
a HIA, comprising an archaeological study, a palaeontological study, a built environment
study, and a visual impact assessment must be done (Case No. 1400211AS1002E1).
However, following further correspondence between WEF and HWC, HWC issued a
revised comment, requesting that a HIA still needs to be done, only focusing on the
proposed sewer line between Point A and Point B at Bosman’s Crossing, with `an
emphasis on historical archaeology especially the positioning of historical graves in the
area and a brief overview of the MSA and LSA archaeology in that specific stretch2’.
Figure 1. Locality map indicating the site for the proposed Plankenbrug main
outfall sewer in Stellenbosch
1
HWC letter dated 22 October, 2014
Email sent by Mr A. September, of HWC to Withers Environmental Consultants, dated 28 May,
2015
2
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Figure 2. Alignment of the proposed new Plankenbrug Sewer Line between positions A2 and A3 at Bosman’s Crossing.
3. HERITAGE LEGISLATION
Section 38 (1) (a) of the National Heritage Resource Act (Act No. 25 of 199) indicates
that any person constructing a powerline, pipeline or road, or similar linear development
exceeding 300m in length is required to notify HWC, who will in turn advise whether an
impact assessment report is needed before development can take place. This is to
determine if the area contains heritage sites and to take the necessary steps to ensure
that they are not damaged or destroyed during development.
4. TERMS OF REFERENCE
The terms of reference for the heritage assessment were:
•
To identify any archaeological resources and graves that might be impacted by the
proposed construction of the Plankenbrug main outfall sewer between Point A2 and
Point A3 (Area A of the proposed new sewer line).
5. STUDY APPROACH
5.1 Method
A field assessment of the proposed Plankenbrug new sewer, from the Plankenbrug
industrial area on the western bank of the river, till the Stellenbosch WWTW in
Vredenburg Road, was undertaken on 5 June, 2015.
As instructed, particular attention was paid to the section of the proposed new sewer
between Point A2 and Point A3 (refer to Figure 2).
Pre-colonial archaeological resources along the route were recorded using a hand held
GPS device, set on the map datum WGS 84 (refer to Figure 12 in Appendix A).
Surface graves in and close to, the proposed new sewer line were mapped.
Retired municipal engineer Mr Chris Keyser, who was responsible for the design and
construction of the original Plankenbrug main outfall sewer, was consulted.
A desk top study was done.
5.2 Constraints and limitations
No constraints or limitations were experienced, which would impact on the outcomes of
the heritage study.
5.3 Identification of potential risks
Unmarked or buried graves/remains may be intersected during installation of the new
pipeline, but this is considered to be unlikely, given the method (i. e. horizontal drilling)
and depth (± 8m) of construction operations that will be employed. Most of the burials in
the Papagaaiberg Cemetery are marked with headstones and footstones, or bordered
with bricks. However, some of the graves are unmarked and only evident by raised earth
mounds.
Heritage Impact Assessment proposed upgrading of the Plankenbrug main outfall sewer, and
associated works in Stellenbosch
5.4 Archaeology of the study area
Early Stone Age (ESA) implements were first discovered at Bosman’s Crossing at the
foot of the Papagaaiberg alongside the Eerste River in Stellenbosch (Peringuey 1902,
1911; Seddon 1966). The artefacts exposed in the railway cutting, are associated with
the younger gravels of the course alluvial fan on which much of Stellenbosch is situated,
and are dated to the earlier part of the Middle Pleistocene, between 700 000 and 300
000 years ago (Deacon & Goosen 1997). Among these tools was an artefact type of
great antiquity recognized as an early handaxe. For many years after this, the ESA of
South Africa was referred to as the `Stellenbosch Culture' until the term was re-defined
in the 1960s (Goodwin & Van Riet Lowe 1929).
Today the ESA is divided into the `Olduwan' period, which is up to 1.7 million years old.
This industry is associated with the oldest and most simple human-made artefacts. This
was followed by the `Acheleun' Tradition, a more developed stone artefact industry,
characterised by the presence of specific types of stone tools such as handaxes,
choppers and cleavers. Acheleun sites have been recorded throughout the country and
are especially associated with pans, river terraces, streams, and certain types of rock
outcrops. Acheleun tools are also commonly found on mountain slopes, and in degraded
areas such as slope washes, cuttings, excavations, and in vineyards and fields.
ESA Acheleun artefacts have been documented at a number of locations in the
Stellenbosch area, on the farms Spier, Meerust, Lynedoch, Hartlands, Vlottenberg and
De Wijnlanden (Kaplan 2002), and on several farms to the east of the R310, at Croyden
(Kaplan 2005, 2004) and Faure (Kaplan 2006). Large numbers of tools including
handaxes, cleavers, cores, and flakes have also been documented in agricultural lands
and vineyards during an investigation of the De Zalze Golf Estate (Kaplan 2009) while a
rich Acheleun site occurs on the Farm Blaauklippen, on the upper slopes of the
Helderberg (Deacon and Goosen 1997). ESA flakes and angular chunks have also
found on the lower slopes of the Papagaaiberg (Kaplan 2010).
6. FINDINGS
6.1 Archaeology
Figure 12 in Appendix A illustrates the location of archaeological resources recorded
along the existing Plankenbrug outfall sewer, between the Plankenbrug industrial area
and the WWTW in Vredenburg Road.
A spreadsheet of waypoints and description of archaeological finds is also indicated in
Table 1 in Appendix A.
A large sandstone boulder, marking the location of the Bosman’s Crossing Provincial
Heritage Site (PHS)3 was noted by Kaplan (2013) during a HIA for the proposed Adam
Tas effluent pipeline (Figures 3 & 4). The original Bosman’s Crossing site alongside the
Eerste River was first described by the French entomologist Dr Louis Peringuey in 1899
and was declared a National Monument in 1962. The PHS landmark is located about 3040 m from the proposed new Plankenbrug sewer line and will therefore not be impacted
by the proposed upgrading operations.
3
Historical Monuments Commission, Site No. 9/2/084/0067
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Heritage Impact Assessment proposed upgrading of the Plankenbrug main outfall sewer, and
associated works in Stellenbosch
Two ESA chunks (Site 466) were found among a scatter of river cobbles on the western
bank of the Plankenbrug River in the Plankenbrug industrial area, one ESA chunk (Site
468) was found on the grassy bank between Distillery Road and the Papagaaiberg
Cemetery, and on a grassy patch between the road and the cemetery caretakers house,
several ESA chunks and a broken flake (Sites 480-484 & 486) were found along the
existing Plankenbrug outfall sewer line alongside Adam Tas Road, a dispersed scatter of
ESA flakes, chunks and a core were found in open fields alongside Adam Tas Road
(Site 485), a MSA flake (Site 487) was found in the Devon Valley Road, and ESA chunks
were found on a gravel patch in Vredenburg Road near the entrance to the Stellenbosch
WWTW (Site 488). All the implements are in river quartzite (Figures 5-8). An ESA
angular chunk was also found inside the Papagaaiberg Cemetery.
The remains have been graded as having low (Grade 3C) archaeological significance
because of the isolated and disturbed context in which they occur.
According to retired Stellenbosch municipal engineer, Mr Chris Keyser (pers. comm.),
several `large stone tools’ (presumably ESA lithics) were encountered on the spoil
dumps during excavations for the existing Plankenbrug outfall sewer in the mid 1980’s.
Figure 3. View of mahole cover for the existing Plankenbrug outfall sewer alongside Distillery Road. Arrow indicates the Bosman’s Crossing PHS. View facing
south along the road toward the Bosman’s Crossing bridge
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Heritage Impact Assessment proposed upgrading of the Plankenbrug main outfall sewer, and
associated works in Stellenbosch
Figure 4. View looking onto Distillery Road from the edge of the Papagaaiberg
Cemetery. Arrows indicate the manhole of the existing Plankenbrug outfall sewer
and the Bosman’s Crossing PHS. Adam Tas Road is in the background.
Figure 5. Collection of ESA chunks and flakes from alongside Distillery Road and Adam Tas Road. Scale is in cm
ACRM JUNE 2015
Figure 6.. Site . Scatter of tools and river cobbles in agricultural
fields alongside Adam Tas Road
11
Figure 7. Collection of tools from agricultural fields along
side Adam Tas Road. Scale is in cm
Figure 8. Collection of tools from Distillery, Adam Tas,
Devon Valley & Vredenburg Roads. Scale is in cm
6.2 Graves
A line of nine graves were documented directly alongside the fence, inside the
Papagaaiberg Cemetery (Figures 9-11). As can be seen in Figure 9, the proposed new
sewer line will be buried below graves 470, 471 and 472, but with the construction
method used (i. e. pipe jacking/horizontal drilling) and depth (± 8 m below the surface) of
the installation, the graves will not be impacted by excavation operations.
All graves are graded as having high (Grade II) significance at a Provincial level.
Eerste
River
Figure 9. Oblique Google earth view of the location of graves alongside the proposed new sewer line.
The green line is the proposed new sewer that traverses the Papagaaiberg cemetery
Figure 10. Papagaaiberg Cemetery alongside Distillery
Road. View facing south
Figure 11. Papagaaiberg Cemetery & fence alongside Distillery
Road. View facing west. Note the graves alongside the fence
7. IMPACT STATEMENT
7.1 Archaeology
The results of the study indicate that the proposed upgrading of the Plankenbrug main
outfall sewer and associated works in Stellenbosch will not impact on important
archaeological heritage. ESA implements identified along the proposed sewer line (Area
A), between the Plankenbrug industrial area and the Stellenbosch WWTW in
Vredenburg Road, occur in a highly disturbed context and have been graded as having
low (3C) archaeological significance. One MSA flake was found and no Later Stone Age
implements were noted.
7.2 Graves
While there are at least three (and possibly more) graves that would have been impacted
if conventional excavation methods were employed in the construction of the proposed
new sewer line, the new sewer pipe between Points A2 and Point A3 will be installed by
means of pipe jacking or horizontal drilling to a depth of about 10m beneath the
Papagaaiberg cemetery on Erf 285. As indicated, this type of installation (a form of
tunnelling) is commonly used when a pipeline needs to be buried under roads. When
installing the sewer pipe in this manner, no impact is caused to structures or features at
ground level. It is therefore very unlikely that visible graves in the Papagaaiberg
cemetery will be impacted by proposed construction activities.
8. CONCLUSION
From a heritage perspective there are no fatal flaws and therefore, provided that
recommendations are considered and/or implemented, there are no objections to the
authorization of the proposed upgrading of the Plankenbrug main outfall sewer and
associated works.
Heritage Impact Assessment proposed upgrading of the Plankenbrug main outfall sewer, and
associated works in Stellenbosch
9. RECOMMENDATIONS
With regard to the proposed construction of the Plankenbrug main outfall sewer and
associated works on Erf 265-3974, 380, 8933, 6840 & 6886-6296, 9726, 1/1147 & 9545
Stellenbosch in Stellenbosch, the following recommendations are made:
1. No further archaeological mitigation is required.
2. If any buried or unmarked human remains/burials are intersected during
installation of the new sewer pipeline, these must immediately be reported to the
archaeologist (J Kaplan 082 321 0172), or Heritage Western Cape (Andrew
September 021 483 9543). Work must cease and burials must not be disturbed
until inspected by a professional archaeologist. Burial remains must be treated
sensitively at all times.
ACRM JUNE 2015
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Heritage Impact Assessment proposed upgrading of the Plankenbrug main outfall sewer, and
associated works in Stellenbosch
10. REFERENCES
Deacon, H.J. and Goosen, R.J. 1997. Phase 1 Archaeological investigation De Zalze
Golf and Agricultural Estate. Report prepared for De Zalze Development (Pty) Ltd.
Department of Archaeology, University of Stellenbosch.
Goodwin, A.J.H. & Van Riet Lowe, C. 1929. The Stone Age Cultures of South Africa.
Annals of the South African Museum. 27.
Kaplan, J. 2012. Heritage Impact Assessment, the proposed Adam Tas Anaerobic
Waste Water Treatment Facility on Erf 2684, Stellenbosch. Report prepared for
Resource Management Services. ACRM Cape Town
Kaplan, J. 2010. Archaeological Impact Assessment proposed establishment of a new
cemetery on the Onder Papagaaiberg (Farm 183) Stellenbosch, Western Cape. Report
prepared for Cape Lowlands Environmental Services. ACRM Riebeek West
Kaplan, J. 2009. Archaeological Impact Assessment De Zalze Winelands Golf Estate,
Southern Extension. Erf 4 de Zalze and Portion 10 of Farm 502 Stellenbosch. Report
prepared for DJ Environmental Consultants. ACRM Riebeek West
Kaplan, J. 2006. Archaeological heritage assessment pre-feasibility study Faure Farms
Faure (Helderberg). Report prepared for Chand Environmental Consultants. ACRM
Riebeek West.
Kaplan, J. 2005. Archaeological report Croyden Olive Estate. Report prepared for
Ecosense Consulting Environmentalists and Ecologists. ACRM Riebeek West
Kaplan, J. 2004. Archaeological scoping for the proposed Croyden Vineyard Estate
Farm 654 Croyden. Report prepared for Ecosense Consulting Environmentalists and
Ecologists. ACRM Riebeek West
Kaplan, J. 2002. Phase 1 Archaeological Impact Assessment proposed development De
Wijnlanden Residential Estate. Report prepared for Greenfield Consultants. ACRM
Riebeek West
Péringuey, L. 1902. Stone Implements from Paarl and Stellenbosch. Transactions of the
South African Philosophical Society 11 (4).
Péringuey, L. 1911. The Stone Ages of South Africa as represented in the collection of
the South African Museum. Annals of the South African Museum 8:180-201
Seddon, D. 1966. Some Early Stone Age surface sites around Stellenbosch, S.W. Cape.
South African Archaeological Bulletin 22:57-59.
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Heritage Impact Assessment proposed upgrading of the Plankenbrug main outfall sewer, and
associated works in Stellenbosch
Appendix A
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Heritage Impact Assessment proposed upgrading of the Plankenbrug main outfall sewer, and
associated works in Stellenbosch
Site
467
468
469
470
471
472
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
Table 1.
Name of Farm
Plankenbrug outfall
sewer
Lat/Long
Description of finds
Grading
S33 56.376 E18 50.804
Several ESA chunks on bank of
the Plankenbrug River
S33 56.495 E18 50.640
ESA chunk on grass bank
S33 56.500 E18 50.616
Grave
S33 56.500 E18 50.614
Grave
S33 56.501 E18 50.612
Grave
S33 56.502 E18 50.611
Grave
S33 56.498 E18 50.617
Grave
S33 56.496 E18 50.621
Grave
S33 56.494 E18 50.629
Grave
S33 56.493 E18 50.634
Grave
S33 56.491 E18 50.641
Grave
S33 56.512 E18 50.554
ESA chunks & flake
S33 56.512 E18 50.544
ESA chunk
S33 56.528 E18 50.479
ESA chunk
S33 56.531 E18 50.450
ESA chunk and flake
S33 56.532 E18 50.445
ESA chunk
S33 56.532 E18 50.410
Small scatter of ESA chunks,
flakes & core in fields
S33 56.550 E18 50.364
ESA chunk
S33 56.612 E18 50.046
MSA flake in Devon Valley Road
S33 56.636 E18 49.616
ESA chunks in Vredenburg Road
Spreadsheet of waypoints and descriptions of archaeological remains
ACRM JUNE 2015
3C/Low
3C/Low
II/High
II/High
II/High
II/High
II/High
II/High
II/High
II/High
II/High
3C/low
3C/low
3C/low
3C/low
3C/low
3C/low
3C/low
3C/low
3C/low
17
Figure 12. Waypoints of archaeological finds and burials