Antibiotic

Transcription

Antibiotic

Framework for monitoring antibiotic content
and antibiotic resistance in the Danube Delta
- the EnviroAMR project Dr. Cristian COMAN
Institute of Biological Research Cluj-Napoca
IUBMB Symposium on Modern Biotechnologies in Sustainable Development of the Danube Delta
Murighiol, June 1st 2016
November 18th
November 16-22
 The problem of AMR in the environment.
 The EnviroAMR goals.
 Plan in the Danube Delta.
Antibiotics
“Antibiotic - A medicine (such as penicillin or its derivatives) that
inhibits the growth of or destroys microorganisms” (Oxford
dictionary)
No. of antibiotics approved for human usage in the past 30 years
(Source: Cole, 2014)
Class of antibiotic
β–Lactam
Sulfonamides
Representative drug
Mode of action
Phenoxypenicillin, oxacillin,
amoxicillin, carbenicillin,
piperacillin
Sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethazine, Sulfdiazine,
sulfadimethoxine, Sulfamethoxazole,
Sulfasalazine, sulfasoxazole etc.
Inhibits steps in cell wall
synthesis and murein
assembly
Inhibits translation
(protein synthesis)
Inhibits steps in murein
biosynthesis and
assembly
(protein synthesis)
Aminoglycosides
Gentamycin
Glycopeptides
Vancomycin
Lincosamides
Clindamycin, lincomycin
Macrolides
Clarithromycin, erythromycin, Spiramycin, tylosin
Rifamycins
Rifamycin
Tetracyclines
Chlortetracycline,Doxycycline, oxytetracycline,
Tetracycline etc.
Chloramphenicol
Chloramphenicol
Quinolones
Fluoroquinolones
Oxolinic acid, nalidixic acid,
pipemidic acid, flumequine, pefloxacin
Ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin,
ofloxacin, enrofloxacin, enoxacin,
sarafloxacin etc.
Inhibitors of bacterial
beta lactamases
(protein synthesis)
Inhibits transcription
(bacterial RNA
polymerase)
(protein synthesis)
(protein synthesis)
Inhibits DNA replication
Inhibits DNA replication
(After Gothwal and Shashidhar, 2014)
“Antimicrobial resistance - resistance of a microorganism to an
antimicrobial drug that was originally effective for treatment of
infections caused by it.” (World Health Organization)
Antimicrobial resistance
Intrinsic
Acquired
Mutation
Transformation
Transffered
Transduction
Conjugation
Is AMR that important?

”[…] there is the danger that the ignorant man may easily
underdose himself and by exposing his microbes to non-lethal
quantities of the drug make them resistant.” (A. Fleming,
Nobel lecture, 1945)

”[…] arguably the greatest risk to human health comes in the
form of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.” (World Economic
Forum, 2013)

”We acknowledge that the emergence of AMR is an increasing
global health threat and that the spread of AMR affects all
nations.” (Berlin Declaration on Antimicrobial Resistance, G7
Health Ministers, October 2015)
(Source: Jim O’Neill – The Review on AMR, 2015)
(Front cover The Economist, May 21st 2016)

Together with other 18 EU countries, Romania is part of the
Joint Programming Initiative on Antimicrobial Resistance
(JPI AMR)
(JPI AMR – Strategic Research Agenda, 2013)

October 2015 – JPI AMR workshop in Berlin -> what to focus
on in the near future?
Why focus on the environment?

Antibiotics, ARBs and ARGs  new classes of pollutants in
the environment
(Source: Coutinho et al. 2013)
Why focus on the environment?
 In Romania there is not a comprehensive system for
monitoring antibiotics and AMR in the environment =>
the EnviroAMR project
The EnviroAMR project
Financed through the EEA
2009-2014 Financial
Mechanism, in the RO04 –
Reduction of hazardous
substances.
Will raise awareness that
antibiotics and antimicrobial
resistant microorganisms are
considered novel classes of
pollutants in the environment.
Programme Operator:
Ministry of Environment,
Waters and Forests
Will propose a
methodological guide for
standardized monitoring of
antibiotics and antibiotic
resistance in the environment.
Start date: May 20th 2015
End date: October 31st 2016
The beneficiaries are public
entities and stakeholders
directly involved in
implementing strategies for a
clean and healthy environment.
Raising awareness is very important!
River
Subsurface
downstream Hospital sewage
water
of WWTP
ARG
WWTP
inlet
WWTP
outlet
Pig
manure
ermA
-
-
-
+
+
+
sul1
+
+
+
+
+
+
sul2
+
+
+
+
+
+
tetA
+
+
+
+
+
+
tetB
+
+
+
+
-
+
tetC
+
+
+
+
+
+
tetO
+
+
+
+
+
+
tetW
+
+
+
+
+
+
(Source: EnviroAMR)
The EnviroAMR project – a methodological guide
Environmental
sampling for
monitoring.
I. SAMPLING
Detection and
cuantification
of antibiotics.
II. CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
Data
integration
and analysis.
Antimicrobial
susceptibility testing.
Deposit the AMR
strains in a biobank.
VI. INTEGRATE
III. PHENOTYPE
Metagenomics
(metabarcoding and
shotgun): from sample
preparation to
bioinformatics.
V. METAGENOME
Determine the
16S rRNA gene
and ARG
sequences. qPCR
of target ARGs.
IV. GENOTYPE
JDS3 report
(www. icpdr.org)
Danube Delta expedition – 16-26.05.2016

Research collaboration agreement between the Institute of
Biological Research Cluj-Napoca and the National Institute
for R&D Danube Delta Tulcea – signed in May 2016

Direct collaboration with Dr. Liliana Torok (Toxicology lab)

Molecular investigation of cyanobacterial blooms
cyanotoxins in the Danube Delta.

Can cyanobacterial blooms trigger/influence the natural
AMR?
and
(Source: RIZA and DDNI rapport 2000.015)
Băclănești
Furtuna
Nebunu
Isac
Uzlina
Cuibul cu
Lebede
Gorgoștel
Merhei
Matița
Dracului
Miazăzi
Trei Iezere
Roșu
Roșuleț
Puiu
Iacob
Erenciuc

Antibiotic

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