National Research Reports of Croatia

Transcription

Erasmus + Sport Programme
"FANS AGAINTS VIOLENCE"
PROJECT
- CROATIAN REPORT Damir Knjaz, PhD
Associate Professor
Kinesiology of Sport – Basketball
Tomislav Rupčić, PhD
Higher Assistant
Domagoj Šimunović, mag. cin.
Croatian Basketball Federation
National Teams Department
Zagreb, December, 2015.
Erasmus + Sport Programme "FANS AGAINTS VIOLENCE" PROJECT
SUMMARY
SUMMARY--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2
BIOGRAPHIES ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3
HISTORY OF THE BASKETBALL GAME IN CROATIA ----------------------------------------------- 10
LITERATURE REVIEW OF ACADEMIC PUBLICATIONS -------------------------------------------- 15
SHORT HISTORY OF VIOLENCE AMONG FAN GROUPS IN CROATIA -------------------- 19
KEY OUTPUTS FROM THE FACT FINDING CONFERENCE--------------------------------------- 26
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27
METHODOLOGY OF THE CONFERENCE ------------------------------------------------------------------ 28
CONFERENCE CONCLUSIONS----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31
IN DEPTH INTERVIEWS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 37
PRESENTATION OF DATA/RESULTS FROM FAN SURVEY -------------------------------------- 39
LITERATURE --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 74
2
BIOGRAPHIES
Damir Knjaz, PhD
Associate Professor
Education:
Born in Zagreb on December 14, 1971 where he finished elementary and secondary
education. He graduated from the Faculty of Physical Education in 1996. He obtained
his Professional Master's degree in 2000 and his Postgraduate Scientific degree in
2001. Damir Knjaz defended his doctoral thesis entitled "Evaluation of teaching
methods in basketball” on April 22, 2005.
Teaching:
He has been working at the Faculty of Kinesiology as a research assistant in the
scientific project "Mini Basketball" since 1998 with Professor Bojan Matković, PhD, as
the research leader. He was appointed as scientific assistant in 2003 and as senior
assistant in 2005.
He is a teacher in the course BASKETBALL since 2008 and the leader of the course
for the elective module BASKETBALL: "History, rules and organization", ”Planning
and programming of training for basketball players", "Control of fitness preparation in
basketball".
In 2011 he was appointed as the leader of the course BASKETBALL (programme in
English) at the university study of the Faculty of Kinesiology and as the coordinator
for foreign students and classes in English.
Damir Knjaz visited many European and American universities, as well as other
prominent scientific and educational institutions as a guest lecturer, professor and
lecturer.
3
In the period between January and June 2009, he became the leader of the course
"Men's Basketball" at one of the most prestigious American universities, Penn State
University. He ran the course single-handedly during the spring semester.
Professional activities:
As a basketball player, he went through all age groups in some of the top quality
teams. As a U16 player, he performed several times as a member of the Croatian
U16 National Team.
In 1995 Damir Knjaz established and implemented the first verified (by the Ministry of
Science, Education and Sports) programme for Mini Basketball in Croatia, which later
on spread to many locations in Croatia and which was ultimately included in the
curriculum of physical education for elementary schools. As a coach, he led several
lower age group teams whereas his biggest sport success was winning the Croatian
U16 National Championship in 1997 as an assistant coach at BC Cibona. He was the
coach of the Croatian U16 and U18 National Team (FIBA certified coach; Licence
No: 2008019865) which, among other competitions, also participated in four
European Championships (2001, 2005, 2006, 2007).
Damir Knjaz currently holds the position of the President of the Committee for
Education and Research at the Croatian Association of Basketball Coaches, he is a
representative of the Croatian Basketball Federation in the FIBA Europe Youth
Committee and a member of the NABC Research Committee in the United States.
He participated in many national and international seminars, clinics and conferences
as a participant, lecturer, guest lecturer and organizer.
Scientific activities:
He was appointed the academic title of associate professor in 2011. He has
published over 113 scientific and professional papers and participated in the
preparation of several books of local and foreign experts. He is the first author and
co-author of two chapters in the textbook: Anthropological analysis of the game of
basketball. Assistant professor Damir Knjaz participated in numerous national and
international scientific conferences, seminars and conferences as a participant,
lecturer, invited speaker and organizer.
4
Important duties:

Dean of the Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb

Head of the International Relations Office, Protocol and Public Relations

Rector’s special advisor for social communication and sport

Member of the Committee for Rector’s Award, Committee for implementation
of contest for student programmes in 2015 at the University of Zagreb

Member of the Executive Committee of the European University Games
Zagreb – Rijeka 2016

Project manager of the Western Campus, University of Zagreb

Member of the Sector’s Council XXI. Education and Sport, Ministry of Science,
Education and Sports
5
Tomislav Rupčić, PhD
Senior Assistant
Education:
He attended elementary school and the science and mathematics programme
secondary school in Kutina. He enrolled at the Faculty of Kinesiology, University of
Zagreb in 1999 where he graduated November 2, 2005. He started his postgraduate
studies (Kinesiology of Sport module) in 2006. He successfully passed all of his
exams (average grade 5.0) and on October 28, 2010 he defended his doctoral
dissertation titled "Physiological Load of Referees During Basketball Games" at the
Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb.
Teaching:
In 2005 he was appointed as an external associate in the course BASKETBALL at
the undergraduate university study at the Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb
and at the Coach Education Professional Study. On December 1, 2007 Tomislav
Rupčić was appointed as an assistant in the course BASKETBALL at the
undergraduate university study at the Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb
and in 2011 he became a senior assistant. He also participates in the realization of
the teaching process in the course BASKETBALL which is programme held in
English as part of the Erasmus Student Exchange Programme. In addition to
participating in the teaching process at the Faculty of Kinesiology, University of
Zagreb, Tomislav Rupčić has held numerous lectures in seminars for basketball
coaches.
6
As a player, he went through all age group categories. After completing his studies,
he became actively involved in trainings for different age groups and teams.

2007 - 2011: BC Moslavina from Kutina - head coach of the first team

2012 - 2014: BC Zagreb - head coach of the U16 team

2014 - 2015: BC Cedevita from Zagreb - head coach of the U16 team
He also actively participated as a coach in working with Croatian national teams in
younger age groups, initially as an assistant coach and later on as the head coach.
Among his biggest results were winning 5th place at the U18 European
Championship in Lithuania (2010), 1st place at the U16 European Championship in
Czech Republic (2011), 2nd place at the European Youth Olympic Festival in the
Netherlands (2013), 2nd place at the Croatian National U16 Championship with BC
Zagreb and 3rd place at the Croatian National U16 Championship with BC Cedevita
(2014).
Scientific activities:
During his postgraduate university study as well as after completing it, Tomislav
Rupčić participated in various scientific and professional conferences. He also
published more than 40 scientific and professional papers and participated as a
research associate in the realization of two scientific projects which were approved
by the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports:

"Knowledge in Diet and Nutritional Habits of Athletes" - project leader
Professor Branka Matković, PhD, project number: 034-0342282-2402,

"Health Habits of Professional Coaches" - project leader Professor Bojan
Matković, PhD, project number: 034-0000000-3331
Important duties:

In 2010 he was appointed the title of Doctor of Social Sciences

In 2011 he was elected as a senior assistant in the course BASKETBALL at
the Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb

In 2011 he was appointed the scientific title of research associate for the
scientific field of social sciences - scientific domain: kinesiology
7

In 2011 he won 1st place with the Croatian U16 National Team at the
European Championship (assistant coach)

In 2013 he won 2nd place with the Croatian U16 National Team at European
Youth Olympic Festival (head coach)

In 2013 he was awarded with the Dean's Award at the Faculty of Kinesiology,
University of Zagreb for outstanding achievements in professional work

In 2013 he was elected for the first time as the assistants representative at the
Faculty Council of the Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb (he was reelected in 2015)
8
Domagoj Šimunović, mag. cin.
Croatian Basketball Federation
National Teams Department
Education:
He was born on December 3, 1987 in Zagreb. He finished elementary school and
secondary school in Novska. In 2006 he enrolled at the Faculty of Kinesiology,
University of Zagreb which he graduated from on April 3, 2013 with his thesis titled
"Individual technique and tactics for inside players in offence".
Between 2014 and 2015 he completed his apprentice internship as a physical
education teacher in Jelkovec elementary school in Zagreb. In 2015 he was
appointed as an external associate in the course BASKETBALL at the undergraduate
university study at the Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb. Also in 2015, he
took up the post of technical secretary at the National Teams Department of the
Croatian Basketball Federation.
As a player, he played for all age group categories in BC Novska. After completing
his studies he started working with young age groups:

2010 - 2014: BC Zagreb – U16 assistant coach

2014 - 2015: BC Cedevita from Zagreb – U16 assistant coach

2015: BC Mladost from Zagreb – U16 head coach
9
HISTORY OF THE BASKETBALL GAME IN
CROATIA1
The history of playing basketball in Croatia started during the early 1920's.
First basketball games were played almost simultaneously in Zadar and Rijeka
(which was then a part of Italy), and not long after that, in other parts of the country.
A description of basketball rules in Croatian was first published in 1923 in a
book by A. Brazdila "Gymnastics games for schools, associations and the army", as
well as in 1925 in Franjo Bućar's "Games for associations and schools".
The first basketball game in Zagreb took place on January 27, 1929 and it was
played by two women's teams, "The academic sports club" and "The first Croatian
civil sports club".
Over the period between 1945 and 1991, National Championships of the
former Republic of Yugoslavia were played regularly and in which several Croatian
basketball clubs played prominent roles - BC Cibona (former Lokomotiva) from
Zagreb, BC Split (former Jugoplastika, Pop 84, Slobodna Dalmacija and Croatia
osiguranje) from Split, as well as Zadar and Šibenik in the men's league, and BC
Montmontaža from Zagreb in the women's competition.
BC Cibona was the winner of the European Champions Cup club competition
in 1985 and 1986, whereas BC Jugoplastika won the competition in 1989, 1990 and
1991 as BC Pop 84.
Many Croatian basketball players were members of the Yugoslavia National
Team and won numerous medals at Olympic Games, World Cups and European
Championships. Certain players were even chosen to play as members of the
European and World National Teams: Giuseppe Pino Gjergja, Krešimir Ćosić,
Dražen Petrović, Toni Kukoč, Dino Rađa, etc.
In the early beginnings of forming Croatia and achieving its independence, one
of the primary goals was the promotion of Croatia and its people in international
1
Knjaz, D., Matković, B., Rupčić, T. (2010). History of the basketball game in Croatia. In: Anthropological analysis
of the basketball game. Faculty of Kinesiology. University of Zagreb
10
circles, both in the political field, as well as in culture, science and, of course, sports
which was also very important in this aspect.
Croatia accepted the fact that sport was one of its strongest assets which
could be used for presenting itself to the world. In order to succeed on this subject,
Croatia had to receive a separate recognition, i.e. permission from the International
Olympic Committee and all sport associations to become a valid member and to gain
the right for its athletes to compete under the Croatian flag.
The Croatian Olympic Committee was established on the inaugural meeting
which took place on September 10, 1991. It was decided and officially requested on
that meeting that sports federations must be appointed, formed and registered in the
shortest possible time and their primary goal was to be included in international
federations as valid members in the quickest possible time span.
On November 17, 1991, the national assembly of the Croatian Basketball
Federation made decisions during its session which cancelled the agreement with the
Basketball Federation of Yugoslavia from June 25, 1977. In this manner the Croatian
Basketball Federation withdrew from the Basketball Federation of Yugoslavia, it
revoked all its basketball representatives from Yugoslav authorities and entities, and
it retained its right and obligation to protect the interests and rights of Croatian clubs,
players, referees and officials. Mr. Boris Lalić was unanimously elected as the first
President of the Croatian Basketball Federation, while Mr. Mihovil Nakić was elected
as the Secretary General.
Final game of the basketball Olympic tournament – Barcelona 1992.
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In 1992 the Croatian Basketball Federation was admitted as an equal member
in the International Basketball Federation (FIBA) which simultaneously included it in
all ongoing basketball developments.
Shortly after that, at the Olympic Games in Barcelona (July 26 - August 8 1992) the
Croatian National Team won the silver medal after playing the final game against the
American National Team, also known as the "Dream Team", which included the best
basketball players from the American professional league, the NBA.
This was a historical moment at the Olympic Games for the Croatian National
Team which included the following players: Dražen Petrović (team captain), Velimir
Perasović, Danko Cvjetičanin, Toni Kukoč, Vladan Alanović, Franjo Arapović, Žan
Tabak, Stojko Vranković, Alan Gregov, Arijan Komazec, Dino Rađa and Aramis
Naglić, with Petar Skansi and Aleksandar Petrović as coaches of the team.
After these history-making moments for Croatia and a successfully completed
qualification round for the following European Championship, June 7, 1993 marked a
tragic day in both Croatian and international sport. Dražen Petrović, captain of the
Croatian National Team, died in a tragic traffic accident. He was an athlete with a
high reputation around the world and a role model for young people. In 1995 the
International Olympic Committee honoured him, as well as the entire country, a rare
tribute by putting up his monument in the Olympic Park in Lausanne.
Only two other great international athletes were given such an honour at that
moment: Pierre de Coubertin, the creator of modern Olympic Games, and Pavao
Nurmi, the legendary track and field athlete. On September 27, 2002 Dražen Petrović
was accepted into the basketball Hall of Fame in Springfied (USA). Before Dražen, in
1996, Krešimir Ćosić was honoured in such a way as the first Croat to enter the Hall
of Fame. As the only Croatian basketball coach accepted into the Hall of Fame, Mirko
Novosel was accepted on September 7, 2007.
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Dražen Petrović
source: www.hrsport.net
Monument to Dražen Petrović in the Olympic Park in Lausanne
source: www.drazenpetrovic.com
In 1993 at the EuroBasket in Germany, in 1994 at the World Cup in Toronto
and in 1995 at the EuroBasket in Athens the Croatian National Team won the bronze
medal. In more recent history of Croatian basketball, one of the more noticeable
results was certainly 4th place at the EuroBasket in Slovenia in 2013.
13
Over the entire period of its existence, the Croatian Basketball Federation has
also been exceptionally successful at the organizational level in various basketball
manifestations. FIBA's naming of Croatia as the host and co organizer of EuroBasket
2015 which took place at the nation's capital Zagreb is certainly a confirmation of
such good work. Alongside Croatia, the three other host cities of EuroBasket 2015
were France, Germany and Latvia. The EuroBasket 2015 project was successfully
organized and followed by a high level of public interest. The Croatian National Team
also succeeded in qualifying to the second round of the competition and they
ultimately won 9th place.
In addition, throughout all the years since its independence, Croatian national
teams in younger age groups won numerous medals at EuroBasket and World Cup
competitions.
Eurobasket 2015.
source: www.hks-cbf.hr
14
LITERATURE REVIEW OF ACADEMIC
PUBLICATIONS
This chapter contains an overview of both recent research in the world and an
overview of past research in Croatia which aimed at analysing various types of fan
groups and violence in sports, as well as their influence on the community.
Research in Croatia
Violence in sports is defined as "deviant behaviour of fans in relation with the
expression of the subculture of young people“, (Lalić, Biti, 2008).
Upon analysis of violent behaviour of fans in Croatia, the conclusion is made
that there are not many research dealing with violence among fans in sports due to
the short existence of the Republic of Croatia as an independent country. In general,
most past research studied violence among fans from a sociological aspect and most
often inside one individual football fan group or between certain fan groups.
The most elaborate analysis of previous sociological research on fan
behaviour and football hooliganism in Croatia has been performed by Benjamin
Perasović and Sunčica Bartoluci in 2007 titled „Sociology of Sports in the Croatian
Context“.
In the above mentioned research the authors presented an overview of most
important research, among which they set apart several works as most relevant.
Those research were performed during the existence of the former Republic of
Yugoslavia: Buzov, Magdalenić, Perasović and Radin (1989) titled „Social and
Psychological Aspects of Violent Behaviour Among Sports Fans", further Fanuko,
Magdalenić, Radin and Žugić (1991) „Football Fans in Zagreb: A Group portrait with
the BBB in the middle“, and Lalić (1993) „The Torcida“. In addition, Zoran Žugić
presents an evaluation of the sociological aspect of fan behaviour through a detailed
analysis in his textbook „Introduction to the Sociology of Sports “, (1996, 2000).
Based on their examination of past research, the authors concluded „that
football hooliganism in Croatia is determined by the social context and that the
socioeconomic status of fans does not play a relevant role“.
15
Many other authors also studied football fan groups through the context of
sociology. Thus also Benjamin Perasović and Marko Mustapić (2013) who have
studied the problem of football fans in Croatia in their research through the context of
changes in the Croatian society, as well as through the context of the changes in
modern football.
Their conclusion was that „football fans have strengthened their role in society
after the Croatian society itself went through the process of war and transition and
that they have become more organized which was unconceivable during the oneparty system in which Croatia was situated before the war and the transition“.
In 1993 in his work "The Torcida", Lalić classified football fans into four basic
types (fan-fan, fan-political activist, fan-violent fan and trend fan). In their overview in
2007, Perasović and Bartoluci concluded that all four types of fans are still present
nowadays only that their frequency and numbers were somewhat different:

fan-fan: the basic type of fan which travels with the team, supports his
club, is responsible for banners and flags, etc. Typically this type of fan
will not start a physical encounter and will not take primary interest in
political chanting;

fan-violent fan: this type of fan is considered to be dominant in two of
the biggest football fan groups in Croatia;

fan-political activist: this type of fan is no longer that present as it was
during the period before the change in the political system in Croatia;

trend fan: the type of fan who depends on how much a certain fan
group is trendy at a particular moment.
In 2008, in their research titled "The Quadrangle of Sports, Violence, Politics and
Society: Scientific Insight in Europe and in Croatia", Lalić and Biti compare scientific
analysis of the relationship between sports and violence in countries of the European
Union and in Croatia with the goal of establishing the similarities and the differences
in those relations and in between the scientific analysis.
The authors are of the opinion that violence among fans presents „a serious social
and political problem which is very widely spread“.
Their research primarily classifies violence as either manifest or latent. They believe
that there are numerous research on manifest violence both in Europe and in Croatia,
16
whereas the situation is somewhat different with latent violence as there are not
many scientific research on this type of fan violence. The authors nevertheless
consider latent violence to be much more interesting. They also believe that there is a
substantial difference between the scientific approach towards latent violence in
Croatian science and in European science.
Lalić and Biti state „that the field of sports in Croatia is trying to become more
"europisized" (civilised, coordinated with the reign of the law) as sports in Croatia is
labelled with different types of violence, corruption and organized crime". The authors
are of the opinion that the fight against violence in sports which is present in
developed countries of the European Union cannot be applied in Croatia.
The authors concluded that majority of scientific research which are related to fan
violence refer to the phenomenon of "football fans" and that Croatia has been a
constituent part of Europe in terms of violence among fans for a long period of time
due to the fact that the range and manifestations of fan violence in Croatia are very
similar to the range and manifestations of this problem in Italy, England and the
Netherlands.
The authors also confirmed the presence of significant similarities between other
scientists and insights of Croatian sociologists and scientists who had been studying
the problem of violent behaviour, specifically in: „the frequency of such behaviour, the
conditions of similar behaviour and the social activities towards fighting against
violent behaviour“.
International research
In 2014, Jewell, Simmons and Szymanski defined football hooliganism as
„incidents caused by a large number of people both outside and inside the stadium
on the day of the football match“. They believe that incidents of this type generally
have a negative influence on the development of sports.
The authors of the above mentioned research made an attempt to determine
the level of hooliganism manifested through the frequency of arrests for violations
related to football games and their influence on the financial stability of a football
club.
The research was divided into two time periods which marked football
hooliganism in England. The period between football season 1984/1985 until the
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season 1994/1995 during which hooliganism presented a huge sociological problem,
and further the time period between the season 2001/2002 until the football season
2009/2010 when the problem was no longer so dominant.
The authors came to the conclusion that fan arrests in the first time span had a
negative impact on the income of certain football clubs in the Premier League,
whereas over the second period that negative influence gradually disappeared so
that hooliganism, although still present in a lower scale, no longer had such a
negative impact on the financial stability of clubs.
Among more recent research on violence in sports, the Spaaij research from
2014 should certainly be mentioned. Its author concludes that violence among fans is
based on „mutual correlations between personal, interacting, socially conditioned and
socially structured factors“. In one of his earlier research in 2007, this same exact
author states that the problem of violence and hooliganism should be studied through
a much more detailed analysis including a study of „sub cultural identities and social
interactions“.
On the other hand, in 2008, authors such as Braun and Vliegenthart come to
the conclusion that violence among fans is a result of media attention, unemployment
and aggressive play on the field, whereas police repression has no significant
statistical influence.
18
SHORT HISTORY OF VIOLENCE AMONG FAN
GROUPS IN CROATIA
Presented in chronological order
FC DINAMO – FC CRVENA ZVEZDA
(MAKSIMIR STADIUM, ZAGREB, MAY 13, 1990)
On May 13, 1990, a football game between FC Dinamo and FC Crvena
Zvezda took place in Zagreb at the Maksimir Stadium, right at the time when the then
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was falling apart, i.e. just weeks after the
first ever multi-party elections in Croatia at which it had been expected that the
parties advocating Croatia's independence were going to win the elections. This had
proved to be the key reason for the disorderly conduct and violent behaviour of the
fans which occurred during that football game. The game was never finished and it
was remembered in Croatian history as a certain kind of beginning of the Croatian
people's fight for independence. Violence and disorderly conduct broke out at the
Maksimir Stadium between the Bad Blue Boys (FC Dinamo fans) and the Delije (FC
Crvena Zvezda fans). There were up to 3,000 Delije fans at the game who attempted
to make their way to the Bad Blue Boys during the game. After breaking down the
protective fences they started attacking the Bad Blue Boys with broken chairs and
other objects. The Bad Blue Boys took down the fence at the north part of the
stadium and entered the football field in order to confront the Delije. The special
police forces attacked the Bad Blue Boys by using tear gas and police batons which
resulted in a high number of injured fans. During the entire incident several Dinamo
players remained at the football field whereas players of Crvena Zvezda went back to
their locker room. FC Dinamo players Zvonimir Boban and Vjekoslav Škrinjar, as well
as the then coach of Dinamo Josip Kuže, attempted to defend Dinamo fans from the
brutal attack of the police. Zvonimir Boban attacked a police man assaulting a Bad
Blue Boys and he was later on proclaimed as a national hero in Croatia. However, he
19
was also suspended by the Yugoslav Football Association for a period of six months
and even charges were brought against him for attacking a member of the police.
The American TV news network CNN included this game on a list of five
football games which changed the world. This particular game took fourth place on
that list.
The moment of conflict between Zvonimir Boban and the police
source: www.novilist.hr
Brutal attacks by the Yugoslav police against Dinamo fans
source: www.vecernji.hr
20
BC CIBONA – BC ZADAR
(DRAŽEN PETROVIĆ BASKETBALL HALL, ZAGREB, KREŠIMIR
ĆOSIĆ CUP FINAL, MARCH 17, 2000)
The Krešimir Ćosić Cup final game between BC Cibona and BC Zadar took
place at Dražen Petrović Basketball Hall in Zagreb on March 20, 2000 in a tense
atmosphere from the very beginning of the game. There were numerous fans present
at the game from both clubs and prior incidents between the two fan groups, Bad
Blue Boys and Tornado, had started even before the beginning of the game. The
violence escalated during the half-time when the players went to their locker rooms.
The conflict between the fans began with verbal insults. Afterwards, right
before the beginning of the game, a large number of Cibona fans, the Bad Blue Boys,
attempted to get to the part of the tribunes where Zadar fans, the Tornado, were
situated in the basketball hall. However, security guards and members of the police
prevented the conflict.
Later on, the Bad Blue Boys made another attempt to get to the Tornado and
as they succeeded a conflict occurred between the two groups of fans. In order to
control the violence the police started using their "popular" batons. BC Zadar fans
threw a torch which then started a fire in one part of the tribune. Then chaos spread
in Dražen Petrović Basketball Hall and as a part of the fans went down to the court
and the hall was filled with smoke, the game was on the verge of regularity. Captains
of both teams, Komazec and Marcelić, entered the court in order to try to bring the
fans under control. Despite all, the game was continued with great delay. Due to the
timely reaction of the police, serious consequences were prevented.
21
MALTA – CROATIA
(TA'QALI NATIONAL STADUIM, LA VALLETTA, SEPTEMBER 7,
2005)
The qualification game for the 2006 World Cup between Malta and Croatia
took place on September 7, 2005 in Malte's La Valletta at the Ta'quali National
Stadium. The end result was 1:1 which did not satisfy the Croatian fans who started
tearing off chairs, throwing them towards the middle part of the western tribune where
the home fans were located, as well as part of the VIP guests. The police brought in
103 Croatian fans while some 70 people asked for medical assistance at the La
Valletta Hospital, among which was the Vice President of the Malta Football
Association, Ludovico Micallef, and the Minister of Communications (C.G.) who were
hit in the head with broken chairs.
BC CIBONA – BC PARTIZAN
(ARENA ZAGREB HALL, NLB LEAGUE FINAL, FINALE NLB LIGE,
APRIL 25, 2010)
The NLB league final game between BC Cibona and BC Partizan took place
on April 25, 2010 at the Arena Zagreb Hall. Fights broke out between BC Cibona
fans and security personnel as the guards tried to stop the fans from entering to the
court. The game was interrupted for several minutes. The violent behaviour of the
Croatian fans was initiated by a BC Partizan fan who was at one moment on the
bench with the guest team. The Serbian fan stood up from the bench and raised
three fingers in addition to throwing a bottle towards Cibona fans that reacted very
angrily to his provocation. The game was continued after the police removed the
participants of the incident out of the hall.
22
source: http://slobodnadalmacija.hr
CROATIA – IRELAND
(EURO 2012, POLAND AND UKRAINE, POZNANJ, JUNE 10, 2012)
On June 10, 2012 in Poznanj, Croatian football fans caused the Euro 2012
Croatia - Ireland game to be interrupted by throwing torches on to the field and after
one of the fans ran into the field during the football game.
BC CIBONA – BC CEDEVITA
(DRAŽEN PETROVIĆ BASKETBALL HALL, ZAGREB, KREŠIMIR
ĆOSIĆ CUP FINAL, FEBRUARY 7, 2013)
The Krešimir Ćosić Cup final game which was played between BC Cibona and
BC Cedevita on February 7, 2013 at Dražen Petrović Basketball Hall in Zagreb
ended with the result 77:76 and a win for BC Cibona in the last second of the game.
Therefore, it was to be expected that the dramatic end of the game would cause
tension afterwards.
After provocations coming from the fan's tribune, the Cedevita player Marko
Tomas punched the fan provoking him. According to the statements of the witnesses,
Tomas punched the fan several times in the face. The incident lasted shortly and the
situation was controlled by the security guards and the other team members.
23
BC Cedevita left the award ceremony prior to when it was predicted in the
protocol.
Conflict between Marko Tomas (BC Cedevita) and Cibona fan
source: www.jutarnji.hr
ITALY – CROATIA
(SAN SIR STADIUM, MILANO, NOVEMBER 16, 2014)
On November 16, 2014 at the San Sir Stadium in Milano, the Croatian
National Football Team in a game against Italy had the support of some 7,000 fans,
which was a significant number of fans at a visiting game when compared to the
years prior to that game. Croatian fans covered the field in torches after Perišić
scored a goal which caused a short interruption of the game. During the 74th minute
of the game there was another incident that was initiated by Croatian fans after they
once again threw torches on the field and the game was once more interrupted.
The game was continued only after the police removed the fans by using their
batons from the part of the tribune from which the torches were thrown into the field.
It is beyond belief that even the Croatian head coach Niko Kovač was almost hit with
a torch when he was attempting to calm the situation. The Croatian fans also
unfolded a giant flag with the sign "U" on the tribune and this type of iconography is
connected to the racist and fascist regime.
24
BC ZADAR – BC ŠIBENIK
(VIŠNJIK SPORT CENTRE, ZADAR, APRIL 28, 2015)
The basketball game between BC Zadar and BC Šibenik was scheduled for
April 28, 2015 in Zadar. On the day of the game, the two rival fan groups of the clubs,
the Tornado and the Fucnuti, came into conflict at the streets of Zadar. A few dozen
fans of BC Šibenik were at a local bar in Zadar when they were attacked by BC
Zadar fans. Police officers were forced to fire several hits from their weapons into the
air in order to stop the assault and to protect the lives of people. At one moment, the
attackers also started throwing stones and other objects at the police. A conflict of
greater measures was after all prevented after the successful intervention of the
police.
25
KEY OUTPUTS FROM THE FACT FINDING
CONFERENCE
The Fact Finding Conference took place on December 5th, 2015 at the Conference Hall of
the Faculty of Kinesiology in Zagreb from 12:00 until 16:00.
Croatian
basketball
federation
Representatives
of the basketball
clubs
Faculty of
kinesiology
Basketball
coaches
Media
Former
basketball
players
The representatives at the conference
26
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
Croatian basketball federation
Mr. Željko Drakšić
Mr. Domagoj Šimunović
Mr. Josip Vranković
Mr. Darko Kunce
Faculty of Kinesiology
Mr. Damir Knjaz
Mrs. Branka Matković
Mr. Bojan Matković
Mr. Tomislav Rupčić
Mrs. Danijela Gudelj Šimunović
Mr. Hrvoje Garafolić
BC Kvarner Rijeka
Mr. Robert Jurković
BC Cibona Zagreb
Mr. Igor Kolarić
BC Cedevita Zagreb
Mr. Marino Baždarić
BC Cedevita Zagreb
Mr. Mladen Starčević
BC Cedevita Zagreb
Mr. Nenad Kukić
Media – Večernji list
Mr. Dražen Brajdić
Former basketball player
Mr. Gordan Giriček
Photographer
Mr. Marin Sušić
Moderator
Mr. Juraj Borat
Moderator
Mrs. Maja Darija Škrljak
27
METHODOLOGY OF THE CONFERENCE
The dean of the Faculty of Kinesiology, Associate Professor Damir Knjaz, PhD, and
Senior Assistant Tomislav Rupčić, PhD, addressed the gathered assembly at the beginning
of the conference as the representatives of the Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb.
After their introduction Mr. Domagoj Šimunović shortly elaborated on the entire project and
the role of the Croatian Basketball Federation in its realization.
28
Finally the moderator of the conference, Mr. Juraj Boljat explained the method of realization
and the goals of the conference.
The participants of the Fact Finding Conference were divided into three work groups after
which they approached the identification of the problem area as well as finding potential
solutions.
29
FACT FINDING CONFERENCE, FACULTY OF KINESIOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF ZAGREB,
5.12.2015.
30
CONFERENCE CONCLUSIONS
QUESTIONS
1. HOW WOULD YOU DEFINE FAN VIOLENCE?
2. WHAT ARE THE MAIN RESONS FOR THESE EVENTS?
3. WHAT KIND OF COLLABORATION EXISTS BETWEEN RELEVANT
STAKEHOLDERS REGARDING THE PREVENTION OF VIOLENCE? HOW
CAN IT BE IMPROVED?
4. WHAT ARE THE STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF ACITIVITIES TO BE
VARRIED OUT DURING THE PROJECT?
5. HOW CAN WE DESIGN FAN PLATFORMS WHICH AIM IS TO GATHER
FANS AND STAKEHOLDERS?
6. WHAT ARE YOUR IDEAS TO IMPROVE THE PROJECT?
7. HOW CAN YOU CONTRIBUTE AS AN INDIVIDUAL/INSITUTION?
31
CONCLUSIONS
physical
violence
aggressive
behavior
How would
you define
fan violence?
emotional
violence
verbal
violence
the
situation in
society
the lack of
sports
culture
What are the
main resons for
these events?
political
and
historical
reasons
the
influence of
alcohol and
narcotics
poor legal
regulations
32
What kind of collaboration exists between relevant stakeholders regarding the
prevention of violence?
How can it be improved?
All the stakeholders are not well connected and each of them really
performs his duties individually and in a very superficial and
inadequate manner.
The key answer is that the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of
the Republic of Croatia coordinates the activities of all the
stakeholders in the system.
In addition to what has been mentioned, a special responsability should
be placed on the media that they must properly present all the
activities to the public.
33
What are the strengths and weaknesses of activities
to be carried out during the project?
strengths
weaknesses
initiative for changes
generalization of conclusions
on all countries involved in this
project
to be part of the project with
countries that have much more
experience in this area
poor motivation of the media
and fans to engage in this
project in Croatia
34
How can we design fan platforms which aim at gathering fans and
stakeholders?
The suggestion is that all relevant stakeholders (Ministry of
Science, Education and Sports, clubs, federations and the media)
are involved and coordinated into creating fan platforms.
Fan groups should be connected on a global level through various
types of activities.
What are your
ideas to
improve the
project?
Inclusion of more
countries in the
project
Grouping of
countries
according to
geographical
features
35
How can you contribute as an
individual/institution?
FACULTY OF KINESIOLOGY
UNIVERSITY OF ZAGREB
Direct action on the education component
CROATIAN BASKETBALL FEDERATION
BASKETBALL CLUBS
To insist from all members of the association in
compliance with all prescribed acts
The organization of various actions to connect fan
groups
Include the famous basketball players in the
development of positive cooperation with fan
groups
MEDIA
Through media try to create awareness and
develop a positive significance in solving this
problem
36
IN DEPTH INTERVIEWS
Within the research phase of the project, 7 in depth interviews were made with proffesional
basketball players of BC Cedevita- Zagreb, club representatives and one former NBA level
player.
Each interview was recorded and transcribed. This interviews gave us insight in another
perspective, how people that are involved in competitions see basketball fans and what their
support means to them.
Marino Baždarić, former basketball player2
What is the main reason of aggressive behaviour among fans?
“It is very hard to give a general answer, but I think that the main issue is, primarily when it
comes to younger generations, above all other lack of good manners from home. Another
thing, something that used to have more influence, and nowadays does not is schools. I think
that certain values are simply lost and things are no longer arranged as they were in the
past."
What are your experiences with inappropriate (aggressive) behaviour from fans?
“I have personally never had such experiences. Some verbal remarks, yes, but nothing
serious in terms of physical assaults.”
2
37
What is the club's policy towards basketball fan groups (BC Cedevita)?
“We are a relatively young club and we do not have a very large number of typically fanatic
fans which automatically results in us not having similar problems as certain other basketball
clubs.”
Conclusion on basketball fans:
“Generally in basketball we do not really have a problem with basketball fans and the ones
that create problems are really a small minority.
I think that this type of workshop is a good project and I believe that we have all come to a
common conclusion that we should not stop at this, but that we must take future similar
actions and that this is the only way towards putting a stop to the violent behaviour which
takes place during our basketball games.”
38
Gordan Giriček, former basketball player3
“I have great respect for our fans, however, they can sometimes be unpleasant so I would
like to make a strong plea to them in this way.“
What are the main reasons of aggressive behaviour among certain groups of fans?
“Primarily the lack of good manners which should come from home, whereas another reason
is the poor economic situation and, of course, poor education.“
Did you have any experiences with aggressive behaviour from fans?
“Personally I have had some bad experiences. I do not know if you remember, I had a close
encounter in 2001 in Podgorica when I was playing for CSKA. During a game against BC
Budućnost in Morača, a fan ran into the court and hit me across the legs. The home team of
course apologized after the game, however, no one knew the intentions of the fan who
attacked me.“
What is your final conclusion?
„We all agreed at the end of this workshop that similar workshops should take place more
often and that fan groups should be presented in the media in a more positive context in
order for thing to be put on the right track.“
PRESENTATION OF DATA/RESULTS FROM FAN
SURVEY
3
39
The research was conducted on the total sample of 343 respondents.
Respondents were asked to complete survey questionnaires (with 28 questions)
during basketball games following basketball clubs: Cedevita (code_1), Cibona
(code_2), Kvarner (code_3), Split (code_4), Šibenik (code_5) and Zadar (code_6).
Before fulfilling each respondent was given a brief explanation of each question.
AGE
UP TO 15 YEARS OLD
20
16-19 YEARS OLD
26
20-24 YEARS OLD
60
25-29 YEARS OLD
49
30-34 YEARS OLD
34
35-39 YEARS OLD
29
40-44 YEARS OLD
44
45-49 YEARS OLD
27
50-54 YEARS OLD
55-59 YEARS OLD
24
15
OVER 60 YEARS OLD
40
AGE
up to 15 years old
16-19 years old
20-24 years old
25-29 years old
30-34 years old
35-39 years old
40-44 years old
45-49 years old
50-54 years old
55-59 years old
over 60 years old
GENDER
FEMALE
MALE
118
225
41
GENDER
34%
66%
MALE
FEMALE
EDUCATION
BASIC EDUCATION
21
SECONDARY SCHOOL
COLLEGE DEGREE
UNIVERSITY
156
45
121
42
EDUCATION
6%
35%
BASIC EDUCATION
46%
SECONDARY SCHOOL
COLLEGE DEGREE
13%
UNIVERSITY
SOCIAL STATUS
OWNER OF A PRIVATE BUSINESS
40
EMPLOYEE IN PRIVATE SECTOR
71
CIVIL SERVANT
80
SCHOOL STUDENT
33
UNIVERSITY STUDENT
69
FREE LANCER
15
RETIRED
15
HOUSEWIFE
UNEMPLOYED
4
29
43
SOCIAL STATUS
OWNER OF A PRIVATE BUSINESS
8%
4%
4%
1%
EMPLOYEE IN PRIVATE SECTOR
11%
CIVIL SERVANT
SCHOOL STUDENT
20%
20%
UNIVERSITY STUDENT
9%
FREE LANCER
23%
RETIRED
HOUSEWIFE
UNEMPLOYED
MY INCOME
MY INCOME ALLOWS ME TO HAVE A NORMAL LIFE
I HAVE SOME FINANCIAL DIFFICULTIES
MY INCOME IS VERY INSUFFICIENT
22
32
231
44
MY INCOME
19%
MY INCOME ALLOWS ME TO HAVE A
NORMAL LIFE
17%
I HAVE SOME FINANCIAL DIFFICULTIES
64%
MY INCOME IS VERY INSUFFICIENT
WHO/WHAT HAD THE DECISIVE ROLE FOR YOU TO BECOME A FAN OF YOUR
CLUB?
MY PARENTS/RELATIVES
22
FRIENDS FROM THE NEIGHBORHOOD
22
CLASSMATES
COLLEAGUES
DEVOTED FANS FROM THE FAN CLUB
WATCHING GAMES ON TV/INTERNET
12
32
233
323
45
WHO/WHAT HAD THE DECISIVE ROLE FOR YOU TO BECOME A FAN OF
YOUR CLUB?
MY PARENTS/RELATIVES
29%
30%
FRIENDS FROM THE NEIGHBORHOOD
CLASSMATES
14%
13%
6%
COLLEAGUES
8%
DEVOTED FANS FROM THE FAN CLUB
WATCHING GAMES ON TV/Internet
MOST OF MY FRIENDS:
ARE MAINLY AMONGST THE FANS OF MY CLUB
98
HAVE INTEREST IN THE SPORT
ARE NOT CONNECTED TO THE SPORT
204
41
46
MOST OF MY FRIENDS:
12%
29%
ARE MAINLY AMONGST THE FANS OF
MY CLUB
HAVE INTEREST IN THE SPORT
59%
ARE NOT CONNECTED TO THE SPORT
HOW OFTEN DO YOU VISIT THE GAMES OF YOUR FAVORITE
BASKETBALL TEAM - HOME?
NEVER MISS A GAME
137
AT LEAST 1-2 TIMES A MONTH
TO DERBY GAMES ONLY
A FEW TIMES A YEAR
70
31
101
47
BASKETBALL TEAM - HOME?
30%
40%
NEVER MISS A GAME
9%
TO DERBY GAMES ONLY
A FEW TIMES A YEAR
21%
BASKETBALL TEAM - AWAY?
NEVER MISS A GAME
TO DERBY GAMES ONLY
A FEW TIMES A YEAR
21
13
23
101
48
BASKETBALL TEAM - AWAY?
13%
8%
NEVER MISS A GAME
64%
15%
TO DERBY GAMES ONLY
A FEW TIMES A YEAR
I GO TO BASKETBALL GAMES BECAUSE:
I HAVE FUN
169
MY KID PLAYS IN THE CLUB
33
I LIKE TO ATTEND SPORT 'S EVENTS WITH FRIENDS
157
I LIKE TO BE PART OF THE DEVOTED FAN 'S COMMUNITY
51
THIS IS A WAY TO SPEND MY TIME MEANINGFULLY
94
I HAVE FRIENDS PLAYING IN THE TEAM
46
IT IS OUR FAMILY TRADITION TO SUPPORT THIS BASKETBALL…
53
I LIKE THE PLAY OF MY BASKETBALL TEAM
61
I LIKE THE ATMOSPHERE IN THE GYM
125
THE PRICES OF THE TICKETS ARE AFFORDABLE
40
MY TEAM IS ONE OF THE LEADERS
28
THIS IS A CHANCE FOR ME TO SHARE MY OPINION ON OTHER… 30
IN THIS WAY I GET OUT MY (NEGATIVE) ENERGY
41
I LIKE THE COMFORT AND THE RECREATION OPTIONS… 9
I AM FROM THIS TOWN AND I HAVE TO SUPPORT THE TEAM…
75
I LIKE THE COLORS AND THE SYMBOLS OF MY CLUB
36
I LOVE BASKETBALL
OTHER…
59
223
49
I HAVE FUN
I GO TO BASKETBALL GAMES BECAUSE:
MY KID PLAYS IN THE CLUB
4%
I LIKE TO ATTEND SPORT 'S EVENTS WITH
FRIENDS
I LIKE TO BE PART OF THE DEVOTED FAN 'S
COMMUNITY
THIS IS A WAY TO SPEND MY TIME
MEANINGFULLY
I HAVE FRIENDS PLAYING IN THE TEAM
13%
17%
2%
IT IS OUR FAMILY TRADITION TO SUPPORT THIS
BASKETBALL TEAM
I LIKE THE PLAY OF MY BASKETBALL TEAM
12%
3%
6%
3%
2% 2%
3%
I LIKE THE ATMOSPHERE IN THE GYM
4%
1%
THE PRICES OF THE TICKETS ARE AFFORDABLE
7%
9%
5%
4%
3%
MY TEAM IS ONE OF THE LEADERS
THIS IS A CHANCE FOR ME TO SHARE MY
OPINION ON OTHER ISSUES THAT I CARE ABOUT
IN THIS WAY I GET OUT MY (NEGATIVE) ENERGY
I LIKE THE COMFORT AND THE RECREATION
OPTIONS PROVIDED IN THE GYM
I AM FROM THIS TOWN AND I HAVE TO
SUPPORT THE TEAM FROM MY TOWN/DISTRICT
I LIKE THE COLORS AND THE SYMBOLS OF MY
CLUB
I LOVE BASKETBALL
OTHER…
THE WAY I SUPPORT MY TEAM IS:
I AM MEMBER OF THE OFFICIAL FAN CLUB OF THE…
36
I ATTEND THE HOME GAMES OF THE TEAM
223
I WEAR THE COLORS AND THE SYMBOLS OF THE TEAM
70
I ATTEND THE VISITING GAMES OF THE TEAM
33
I WATCH THE GAMES OF MY TEAM ON TV
131
I CONVINCE FRIENDS AND RELATIVES TO BECOME FANS OF …
47
I ENCOURAGE MY KID TO PLAY FOR THE CLUB
27
I BUY SOUVENIRS WITH THE COLORS AND SYMBOLS OF THE … 24
I DONATE MONEY TO THE CLUB
I DO VOLUNTEER JOB FOR THE CLUB
OTHER…
6
30
77
50
THE WAY I SUPPORT MY TEAM IS:
11%
4%
3%
5%
I WEAR THE COLORS AND THE SYMBOLS OF
THE TEAM
I ATTEND THE VISITING GAMES OF THE
TEAM
I WATCH THE GAMES OF MY TEAM ON TV
1%
4%
32%
7%
18%
I AM MEMBER OF THE OFFICIAL FAN CLUB
OF THE BASKETBALL TEAM
I ATTEND THE HOME GAMES OF THE TEAM
I CONVINCE FRIENDS AND RELATIVES TO
BECOME FANS OF THE TEAM
I ENCOURAGE MY KID TO PLAY FOR THE
CLUB
I BUY SOUVENIRS WITH THE COLORS AND
SYMBOLS OF THE CLUB
I DONATE MONEY TO THE CLUB
10%
5%
I DO VOLUNTEER JOB FOR THE CLUB
OTHER…
ARE YOU A MEMBER OF THE OFFICIAL FAN CLUB OF THE
BASKETBALL TEAM?
YES
NO, BUT I WOULD LIKE TO
NO AND I DO NOT WANT
58
125
156
51
ARE YOU A MEMBER OF THE OFFICIAL FAN CLUB OF THE
BASKETBALL TEAM?
17%
46%
YES
NO, BUT I WOULD LIKE TO
37%
NO AND I DO NOT WANT
WHAT ARE YOUR BENEFITS OF BEING FAN OF YOUR
TEAM?
I AM PROUD TO BE PART OF THE TEAM
154
SUPPORTING A TEAM WITH GOOD TRADITIONS AND…
94
I HAVE SPECIAL PRICE FOR TICKETS, SOUVENIRS AND THE …
38
I HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY TO TRAVEL, TO SEE NEW PLACES, …
35
I HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY TO PARTICIPATE IN OR TO …
42
I HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY TO INTERACT WITH THE PLAYERS…
39
I AM PROUD TO BE A PART OF A COMMUNITY THAT SHARES…
126
I MET NEW PEOPLE
I FEEL SIGNIFICANT AND HIGHLY VALUED
OTHER…
78
16
97
52
WHAT ARE YOUR BENEFITS OF BEING
FAN OF YOUR TEAM?
I AM PROUD TO BE PART OF THE TEAM
SUPPORTING A TEAM WITH GOOD TRADITIONS AND
SUCCESS INCREASES MY SELF CONFIDENCE
I HAVE SPECIAL PRICE FOR TICKETS, SOUVENIRS AND
THE RIGHT TO USE GOOD SEATS IN THE GYM
14%
2%
21%
I HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY TO TRAVEL, TO SEE NEW
PLACES, TO COMMUNICATE WITH OTHER FANS
11%
I HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY TO PARTICIPATE IN OR TO
INFLUENCE ON THE TEAM’S LIFE
13%
18%
5% 6% 5%
I HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY TO INTERACT WITH THE
PLAYERS OF THE TEAM
5%
I AM PROUD TO BE A PART OF A COMMUNITY THAT
SHARES THE SAME VALUES
I MET NEW PEOPLE
I FEEL SIGNIFICANT AND HIGHLY VALUED
OTHER…
HAVE YOU EVER BEEN PART OF A COLLISION WITH THE POLICE OR WITH
FANS OF THE OPPOSING TEAM?
NO I HAVE NEVER BEEN PART OF A SUCH COLLISION
I HAVE BEEN PART OF A COLLISION
311
32
53
FANS OF THE OPPOSING TEAM?
9%
NO I HAVE NEVER BEEN PART OF A
SUCH COLLISION
I HAVE BEEN PART OF A COLLISION
91%
FANS OF THE OPPOSING TEAM - HOME GAMES?
BEFORE THE GAME (OUTSIDE THE GYM)
BEFORE THE GAME (IN THE GYM)
6
3
DURING THE GAME
5
AFTER THE GAME (IN THE GYM)
5
AFTER THE GAME (OUTSIDE THE GYM)
3
54
FANS OF THE OPPOSING TEAM - HOME GAMES?
14%
27%
23%
DURING THE GAME
13%
23%

calculated on the basis of a sample of 22 respondents who answered “yes” in
this question
FANS OF THE OPPOSING TEAM - VISITING GAMES?
5
DURING THE GAME
3
2
4
5
55
FANS OF THE OPPOSING TEAM - VISITING GAMES?
26%
26%
DURING THE GAME
16%
21%
11%

calculated on the basis of a sample of 19 respondents who answered “yes” in
this question
STATEMENT THAT RELATES TO YOU REGARDS TO THE GAMES OF YOUR
BASKETBALL TEAM:
IT HAPPENED TO ME TO BE PART OF COLLISIONS WITH THE
OPPOSING FANS
19
IT HAPPENED TO ME TO BE PART OF COLLISIONS WITH
POLICE/SECURITY
14
IT HAPPENED TO ME TO TRY TO ASSAULT ON
PLAYERS/COACHES FROM THE OTHER TEAM
9
IT HAPPENED TO ME TO TRY TO ASSAULT ON A REFEREE OR
OTHER TECHNICAL PERSONNEL
9
IT HAPPENED TO ME TO CAUSE DAMAGE TO A SPORT FACILITY
5
OR OTHER PROPERTY
IT HAPPENED TO ME TO THROW OBJECTS ON THE BASKETBALL
COURT
15
IT HAPPENED TO ME TO ENTER THE BASKETBALL COURT
6
DURING THE GAME
IT HAPPENED TO ME TO SHOUT/CHANT OFFENSIVE WORDS
I HAVE NEVER BEEN PART OF SUCH ACTIONS
33
285
56
STATEMENT THAT RELATES TO YOU REGARDS TO THE
GAMES OF YOUR BASKETBALL TEAM:
5%
IT HAPPENED TO ME TO BE PART OF
COLLISIONS WITH POLICE/SECURITY
4% 2%
2%
IT HAPPENED TO ME TO BE PART OF
COLLISIONS WITH THE OPPOSING FANS
PLAYERS/COACHES FROM THE OTHER TEAM
1%
4%
2%
8%
72%
A REFEREE OR OTHER TECHNICAL
PERSONNEL
IT HAPPENED TO ME TO CAUSE DAMAGE TO
A SPORT FACILITY OR OTHER PROPERTY
IT HAPPENED TO ME TO THROW OBJECTS
ON THE BASKETBALL COURT
IT HAPPENED TO ME TO ENTER THE
BASKETBALL COURT DURING THE GAME
IT HAPPENED TO ME TO SHOUT/CHANT
OFFENSIVE WORDS
I HAVE NEVER BEEN PART OF SUCH ACTIONS
BASKETBALL TEAM:
I HAVE NEVER HAD SUCH PROBLEMS
323
I HAVE NOT BEEN ALLOWED TO ENTER THE GYM DUE TO MY
5
BEHAVIOR
I HAVE BEEN ASKED TO LEAVE THE GYM DUE TO MY
13
BEHAVIOR
I HAVE BEEN ARRESTED 4
57
BASKETBALL TEAM:
1%
1%
4%
I HAVE BEEN ARRESTED
I HAVE BEEN ASKED TO LEAVE THE GYM
DUE TO MY BEHAVIOR
I HAVE NOT BEEN ALLOWED TO ENTER
THE GYM DUE TO MY BEHAVIOR
94%
I HAVE NEVER HAD SUCH PROBLEMS
WHAT ARE THE MAIN REASONS TO SEE THE OTHER TEAM FANS AS RIVALS?
THEY HAVE DIFFERENT IDEOLOGY AND VALUES
47
WE HAVE A HISTORICAL FEUD BETWEEN OUR FANS
49
WE HAVE A HISTORICAL FEUD BETWEEN OUR TOWNS/
DISTRICTS
WE HAVE ETHNIC CONFRONTATION
68
11
WE HAVE RELIGIOUS CONFRONTATION 10
THEIR TEAM IS MORE SUCCESSFUL THAN OUR TEAM
37
THEIR TEAM IS TOLERATED BY THE FEDERATION/LEAGUE
38
THEY HAVE MANY FOREIGNERS IN THE TEAM
THEIR TEAM IS RICHER THAN OUR TEAM
OTHER…
21
43
217
58
WHAT ARE THE MAIN REASONS TO SEE THE
OTHER TEAM FANS AS RIVALS?
THEY HAVE DIFFERENT IDEOLOGY AND
VALUES
WE HAVE A HISTORICAL FEUD BETWEEN
OUR FANS
WE HAVE A HISTORICAL FEUD BETWEEN
OUR TOWNS/ DISTRICTS
9%
WE HAVE ETHNIC CONFRONTATION
9%
WE HAVE RELIGIOUS CONFRONTATION
40%
12%
2%
7%
8%
4% 7%
2%
THEIR TEAM IS MORE SUCCESSFUL THAN
OUR TEAM
THEIR TEAM IS TOLERATED BY THE
FEDERATION/LEAGUE
THEY HAVE MANY FOREIGNERS IN THE
TEAM
THEIR TEAM IS RICHER THAN OUR TEAM
OTHER…
59
ACCORDING TO YOUR OPINION WHAT ARE THE MOST COMMON REASONS
FOR AGGRESSIVE AND VIOLENT BEHAVIOR OF THE FANS DURING THE
BASKETBALL GAMES?
THE BEHAVIOR OF THE POLICE/SECURITY/STEWARDS
48
PROVOCATIONS AND OFFENSIVE CHANTS OF THE FANS OF THE
OTHER TEAM
148
POOR PERFORMANCE OF YOUR TEAM
56
CONSUMPTION OF ALCOHOL
183
CONSUMPTION OF DRUGS
116
REFEREE’S CALLS
150
DOUBTS FOR SIMULATIVE PLAY AND FIXED RESULT OF THE
GAME
50
OPPORTUNITY TO RELEASE NEGATIVE ENERGY/ PERSONAL
PROBLEMS
39
DESIRE TO PROVOKE THE FANS OF THE OTHER TEAM
92
EXTREME, FANATICAL ATTITUDE OF SOME FANS
94
OPPORTUNITY TO GET MEDIA EXPOSURE (TO BE SHOWN ON
THE TV/MEDIA)
64
DESIRE TO PROVE YOURSELF / TO DEFEND YOUR HONOR
33
HISTORICAL FEUD BETWEEN THE FANS OF SOME TEAMS
21
HISTORICAL FEUD BETWEEN OUR TOWNS/ DISTRICTS
21
JUST FOR FUN AND AS A SOURCE FOR EMOTIONS
20
DEMONSTRATION OF SOLIDARITY WITH THE REST OF THE FANS
PROVOCATIVE BEHAVIOR OF THE PLAYERS OF THE OTHER TEAM
12
34
PART OF A DELIBERATE PLAN OF THE FAN LEADERS
29
INSUFFICIENT SECURITY BEFORE, DURING OR AFTER THE GAME
25
DISCONTENTMENT OF THE MANAGEMENT OF THE CLUB
OTHER…
47
41
60
61
DO YOU ATTEND OTHER SPORTS EVENTS OF YOUR FAVORITE CLUB?
I GO MAINLY TO INDIVIDUAL SPORTS COMPETITIONS
53
I GO MAINLY TO OTHER TEAM SPORT GAMES
78
I GO MAINLY TO FOOTBALL GAMES
48
I GO TO BASKETBALL GAMES ONLY
162
DO YOU ATTEND OTHER SPORTS EVENTS OF YOUR FAVORITE CLUB?
16%
I GO TO BASKETBALL GAMES ONLY
47%
23%
14%
I GO MAINLY TO FOOTBALL GAMES
I GO MAINLY TO OTHER TEAM SPORT
GAMES
I GO MAINLY TO INDIVIDUAL SPORTS
COMPETITIONS
62
HOW OFTEN DO YOU ATTEND OTHER SPORTS EVENTS OF YOUR FAVORITE
CLUB?
I DO NOT ATTEND OTHER SPORTS EVENTS
63
A FEW TIMES A YEAR
127
AT LEAST ONCE A MONTH
74
I GO TO ALL SPORTS EVENTS OF MY FAVORITE CLUB
75
HOW OFTEN DO YOU ATTEND OTHER SPORTS EVENTS OF YOUR FAVORITE
CLUB?
19%
22%
I GO TO ALL SPORTS EVENTS OF MY
FAVORITE CLUB
AT LEAST ONCE A MONTH
22%
37%
A FEW TIMES A YEAR
I DO NOT ATTEND OTHER SPORTS
EVENTS
63
ARE YOU A MEMBER OF OTHER FAN CLUBS?
NO
YES, I AM A MEMBER OF ……………………. FAN CLUB
YES, I AM A MEMBER OF A FOOTBALL FAN CLUB
288
22
30
ARE YOU A MEMBER OF OTHER FAN CLUBS?
9%
6%
YES, I AM A MEMBER OF A FOOTBALL
FAN CLUB
YES, I AM A MEMBER OF …………………….
FAN CLUB
85%
NO
64
RAISED BY:
I HAVE BEEN RAISED BY MY BOTH PARENTS
295
MY PARENTS ARE DIVORCED/SEPARATED
21
I HAVE BEEN RAISED BY ONE OF MY PARENTS
20
I HAVE BEEN RAISED BY OTHER PEOPLE 6
RAISED BY:
6%
6%
2%
I HAVE BEEN RAISED BY MY BOTH
PARENTS
MY PARENTS ARE
DIVORCED/SEPARATED
86%
I HAVE BEEN RAISED BY ONE OF MY
PARENTS
I HAVE BEEN RAISED BY OTHER PEOPLE
65
DISCIPLINARY PROBLEMS:
I HAVE NEVER HAD DISCIPLINARY PROBLEMS AT SCHOOL
I HAVE HAD DISCIPLINARY PROBLEMS AT SCHOOL SOMETIMES
250
80
I HAVE OFTEN HAD DISCIPLINARY PROBLEMS AT SCHOOL 7
DISCIPLINARY PROBLEMS:
2%
24%
I HAVE OFTEN HAD DISCIPLINARY
PROBLEMS AT SCHOOL
74%
I HAVE HAD DISCIPLINARY PROBLEMS AT
SCHOOL SOMETIMES
I HAVE NEVER HAD DISCIPLINARY
PROBLEMS AT SCHOOL
66
MOST IMPORTANT:
TO BE MARRIED
142
TO LIVE IN A RELATIONSHIP
TO LIVE ALONE
TO LIVE WITH MY PARENTS
73
15
26
TO RESPECT AND FOLLOW THE TRADITIONS AND CUSTOMS
110
TO TAKE A PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY
166
TO TAKE A RISK
34
TO BE PART OF A COMMUNITY
92
TO COUNT ON MYSELF
71
TO RELY ON MY PARENTS AND FRIENDS
111
TO LOOK GOOD
33
TO HAVE SOLIDARITY WITH THE OTHERS
140
TO BE HUMBLE
152
TO HELP THE OTHERS
215
TO HAVE SYMPATHY
TO BE CONCERNED ABOUT YOUR OWN WELL-BEING ONLY
TO BE TOLERANT
48
12
169
TO BE MARRIED
MOST IMPORTANT:
TO LIVE IN A RELATIONSHIP
TO LIVE ALONE
TO LIVE WITH MY PARENTS
3%
1%
11%
9%
5%
1%
2%
7%
13%
10%
9%
9%
2% 7%
4%
2%
6%
TO RESPECT AND FOLLOW THE TRADITIONS AND
CUSTOMS
TO TAKE A PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY
TO TAKE A RISK
TO BE PART OF A COMMUNITY
TO COUNT ON MYSELF
TO RELY ON MY PARENTS AND FRIENDS
TO LOOK GOOD
TO HAVE SOLIDARITY WITH THE OTHERS
TO BE HUMBLE
TO HELP THE OTHERS
TO HAVE SYMPATHY
TO BE CONCERNED ABOUT YOUR OWN WELLBEING ONLY
TO BE TOLERANT
LEVEL OF YOUR CONFIDENCE …
I HAVE FULL
CONFIDENCE
I RATHER HAVE
CONFIDENCE
I RATHER HAVE
NO CONFIDENCE
I HAVE NO
CONFIDENCE
67
SOCIETY
FAMILY
FRIENDS
GOVERNMENT
POLICE
SCHOOL
INTERNET AND SOCIAL MEDIA
BASKETBALL FEDERATION / LEAGUE
MY BASKETBALL CLUB
LOCAL AUTHORITIES
LEGAL SYSTEM
LAWS
POLITICAL PARTIES
BUSINESS
MEDIA
EUROPEAN INSTITUTIONS
NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS
BANKS
50
291
164
8
16
44
10
27
98
9
16
20
8
69
6
13
10
11
163
44
154
54
156
186
90
137
150
100
85
83
42
159
82
127
85
85
100
1
8
126
97
71
162
101
56
123
138
141
94
60
153
122
131
102
17
2
5
141
57
24
63
56
23
94
90
82
185
34
83
62
99
130
I HAVE FULL CONFIDENCE
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
68
I RATHER HAVE CONFIDENCE
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
I RATHER HAVE NO CONFIDENCE
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
69
I HAVE NO CONFIDENCE
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
70
HOW COULD YOU DEFINE YOUR POLITICAL ORIENTATION?
I DO NOT SUPPORT ANY PARTY
214
I SYMPATHIZE WITH THE NATIONALIST PARTIES 2
I SYMPATHIZE WITH THE PATRIOTIC PARTIES
I SYMPATHIZE WITH THE LIBERAL PARTIES
26
21
I SYMPATHIZE WITH THE LEFT-WING PARTIES
37
I SYMPATHIZE WITH THE RIGHT -WING PARTIES
38
HOW COULD YOU DEFINE YOUR POLITICAL ORIENTATION?
I SYMPATHIZE WITH THE RIGHT -WING
PARTIES
11%
11%
I SYMPATHIZE WITH THE LEFT-WING
PARTIES
6%
I SYMPATHIZE WITH THE LIBERAL
PARTIES
63%
1%
8%
I SYMPATHIZE WITH THE PATRIOTIC
PARTIES
I SYMPATHIZE WITH THE NATIONALIST
PARTIES
I DO NOT SUPPORT ANY PARTY
71
WHAT IS YOUR ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION?
I AM STRONGLY AGAINST
93
IT IS ACCEPTABLE ONLY IF IT IS OCCASIONALLY
ALTHOUGH REGULAR THE MODERATE CONSUMPTION IS
ACCEPTABLE
IF SOMEBODY KNOWS HOW TO DRINK THE QUANTITY IS NOT
A PROBLEM
137
36
72
WHAT IS YOUR ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION?
21%
27%
IF SOMEBODY KNOWS HOW TO DRINK
THE QUANTITY IS NOT A PROBLEM
11%
41%
ALTHOUGH REGULAR THE MODERATE
CONSUMPTION IS ACCEPTABLE
IT IS ACCEPTABLE ONLY IF IT IS
OCCASIONALLY
72
WHAT IS YOUR ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE DRUG CONSUMPTION?
IF THE CONSUMPTION IS MODERATE IT IS NOT DANGEROUS
SINCE IT IS A PERSONAL CHOICE, I DO NOT MIND
278
22
39
WHAT IS YOUR ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE DRUG CONSUMPTION?
12%
6%
SINCE IT IS A PERSONAL CHOICE, I DO
NOT MIND
IF THE CONSUMPTION IS MODERATE IT
IS NOT DANGEROUS
82%
73
LITERATURE
1. Knjaz, D., Matković, B., Rupčić, T. (2010). Povijest hrvatske košarke
(History of the basketball game in Croatia). In: Anthropological analysis of the
basketball game. Faculty of Kinesiology. University of Zagreb
2. Braun, R & Vliegenthart, R. (2008). The contentious fans the impact of
repression, media, coverage, grievances and aggresive play on
supporters violence. International sociology, vol: 23, issue: 6, pg: 796-818.
3. Buzov, Magdalenić, Perasović i Radin (1988). Navijačko pleme (Fan tribe),
RZ RH SSOH, Zagreb.
4. Fanuko, Magdalenić, Radin i Žugić (1991). Zagrebački nogometni navijači:
Grupni portret s BBB u središtu (Zagreb football fans: Group portrait with
the BBB in the center). Institut za društvena istraživanja Sveučilišta u Zagrebu,
Zagreb.
5. Jewell, R., Simmons, R., Szymanski, S. (2014). Bad for Business? The
effect of Holiganism on English Professional Football Clubs. Journal of
Sports Economics, vol. 15, no. 5 429-450.
6. Lalić, D. & Biti Ozren (2008). Četverokut sporta, nasilja, politike i društva:
znanstveni uvid u Europi i u Hrvatskoj (The rectangle of sport, violence,
politics and society: scientific insights from Europe and Croatia). Politička
misao, Vol. XLV, (2008), vol. 3-4, pg. 247-272.
7. Lalić, D. (1993). Torcida – pogled iznutra. (Torcida – An inside view) Zagreb:
AGM.
8. Perasović, B & Bartoluci, S. (2007). Sociologija sporta u hrvatskom
kontekstu (Sociology of sport in Croatia). Sociologija i prostor, (45) 1: 105119.
9. Perasović, B & Mustapić, M. (2013). Football supporters in the context of
Croatian sociology: research perspectives 20 year after. Kinesiology 45
(2013) 2: 262-275.
10. Spaaij, R. (2007). Football Hooliganism as a Transnational Phenomenon:
Past and Present Analysis: A Critique – More Specificity and Less
Generality. The International Journal of the History of Sport Vol. 24, No. 4,
April 2007, 411 – 431.
74
11. Spaaij, R. (2014). Sports crowd violence: An interdisciplinary synthesis.
Aggression & Violent Behavior. Vol. 19, issue 2, p146-155.
12. Žugić, Z. (1996). Uvod u sociologiju sporta (An introduction to the sociology
of sport). Zagreb: Fakultet za fizičku kulturu Sveučilišta u Zagrebu.
13. Žugić, Z. (2000). Sociologija sporta (Sociology of Sport). Zagreb: Fakultet
za fizičku kulturu Sveučilišta u Zagrebu.
14. https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izgredi_na_utakmici_Dinamo-Crvena_zvezda
15. http://www.index.hr/sport/clanak/na-malti-privedena-103-hrvatska-navijaca/281760.aspx
16. http://gol.dnevnik.hr/clanak/nogomet/foto-hrvatski-navijaci-na-san-siru-brojni-glasni-ali-i-novosramotno-ponasanje---361115.html
17. http://www.24sata.hr/kosarka/novi-sukobi-navijaca-zadra-i-sibenika-policija-pucala-u-zrak416835
18. http://www.hks-cbf.hr/eurobasket-2015/o-eurobasketu-2015
19. https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izgredi_na_utakmici_Dinamo-Crvena_zvezda
20. http://www.hrsport.net/vijesti/75/kosarka/zadar-lako-do-kupa-usred-zagreba/
21. http://www.index.hr/sport/clanak/na-malti-privedena-103-hrvatska-navijaca/281760.aspx
22. http://m.tportal.hr/sport/242131/Bijesni-Tomas-nokautirao-navijaca-Mamic-rigao-vatru.html
23. http://gol.dnevnik.hr/clanak/nogomet/foto-hrvatski-navijaci-na-san-siru-brojni-glasni-ali-i-novosramotno-ponasanje---361115.html
24. http://www.24sata.hr/kosarka/novi-sukobi-navijaca-zadra-i-sibenika-policija-pucala-u-zrak416835
75

National Research Reports of Croatia

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