Here - The Pacific Sociological Association

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WEDNESDAY, APRIL, 1
001. Registration and Information
Pacific Sociological Association Annual Meeting
Event
7:30 to 7:00 pm
Hyatt Regency: Floor 4th - Regency Foyer
Session Organizer:
Lora J Bristow, Humboldt State University
002. Alpha Kappa Delta Teaching and Learning Pre-Conference
Teaching Sociology
Workshop or demonstration session
8:00 to 12:00 pm
Hyatt Regency: Floor 4th - Beacon Ballroom A
Session Organizer:
Participant:
Alpha Kappa Delta (AKD) Pre-Conference on Teaching and
Learning Jeffrey Chin, LeMoyne College
organized and run by AKD
003. Book Exhibit
Event
8:00 to 6:00 pm
Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom H
Session Organizer:
004. Culture, Economy, and Economic Action
Economic Sociology
Formal research session
12:00 to 1:30 pm
Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Harbor
Session Organizer:
Elizabeth Sowers, CSU Channel Islands
Presider:
Fang-Yi Huang, University of Florida
Participants:
Fertility Assimilation: The Role of Culture Nanneh Chehras,
University of California, Irvine
I show that socioeconomic factors poorly explain fertility
assimilation among Chinese, Indian, and South Korean women.
Instead, culturally driven child sex preferences account for
differences between immigrant and native fertility levels. First
generation Chinese, Indian, and South Korean women make up
the largest group of immigrants from countries in which son
preference is a well-documented phenomenon. I find that this
preference for sons is sustained after migration. Second
generation women do not exhibit a bias toward sons, and instead
their fertility behavior, similar to that of native women, is
indicative of a preference for mixed sibling sex composition.
Using OLS, I find a small decline in the immigrant and native
fertility gap of 0.075 children across generations. If I condition
on households that achieved their preferred child sex
composition outcome, then there is a substantial decline in the
fertility differential (0.484). Once second generation immigrants
adopt the native preference for mixed sex children, their fertility
behavior becomes similar to natives and fertility assimilation
occurs.
Pleased to Comply: Why We Don't Talk About Money and
What Financial Taboo Does Lindsay J. DePalma, University
of California-San Diego
Durkheim (1995) argued that sanctity is not an inherent property,
but a projection bestowed onto a person, object, or act by society
itself. Its existence in our everyday lives is often demarcated by
behavioral codes of conduct, coupled with varying degrees of
stigmatization or punishment for transgression. What is sacred in
our society is therefore manifested in our taboos (Callois 1959).
The sacred and taboo are symbiotic: the existence of one helps
identify and define the other. Marshall (2010) regards the sacred
as “absolute in obliging those observer(s) to engage in or avoid
certain behaviors toward it” (66). Its “absolute” nature can
produce behavior that is largely void of conscious reasoning
(Haidt 2001; Vaisey 2009). Hitherto, economic sociologists have
not paid due attention to the relationship between money,
sanctity, and taboo. Though it is easy to identify areas of
financial taboo (e.g. that Americans generally don’t like to talk
about money), there has been insufficient analysis of the sacred
elements these taboos indicate or why we comply. With data
from thirty interviews, this paper attempts to answer Wuthnow’s
(1996) call to “pry into some of our most commonsensical,
widely taken-for-granted assumptions about money” in order to
understand what financial taboo does and how individuals
explain their lack of or adherence to the taboos deeply embedded
in our culture. I argue that financial taboos indicate intimate
connections between money and sacred values, experiences, and
beliefs, and that our inability to talk openly about money can
exacerbate and perpetuate social and economic inequalities.
Who is in Debt? A Class Based Analysis of Consumption on
Credit Zaibu Nissa Tufail, University of California, Irvine
This paper uses the Survey of Consumer Finances to examine
factors influencing the indebtedness of U.S. households in 2010.
In particular, the role of structural constraints, institutional
conditions and cultural forces on indebtedness are assessed. Two
central questions motivate this work. First, what drives
household debt—is it economic vulnerability, a culture of debt or
status based consumption? Second, how does the impact of
structural and cultural forces on indebtedness vary by class
position? Results from one set of analyses illustrate that cultural,
structural, and institutional forces are embedded in economic
action. That is, these forces are co-constituted in their effects on
household indebtedness. Findings from the second set of analyses
indicate that class position, which engenders significant variation
of not just structural factors (income liquidity and net wealth),
but institutional (state transfers) and cultural ones (attitudes and
status), matters in determining how households consume, Thus,
there is support for the notion that households hold distinct
understandings of how to deploy their credit, and these rationales
vary according to class membership.
“Immigrants Aren't the Only People that are Paid Cash Under
the Table” Luis Antonio Vila-Henninger, University of
Arizona
This article investigates the different and often conflicting
interpretations of inequality concerning illegal immigrant
participation in United States labor markets that voters use to
interpret and evaluate the direct democratic regulation of these
markets. I analyze collective strategies that voters employ in
their role as policymakers for “Arizona Stop Illegal Hiring,
Proposition 202” (2008) and how these strategies vary according
to class and party. My findings bridge scholarship from political
sociology and economic sociology by revealing that voters
embed self-interest and market rationality in morality in a variety
of ways that vary according to class and party.
005. Emotions and Identity Management
Social Psychology, Identity, and Emotions
12:00 to 1:30 pm
Hyatt Regency: Floor First - Pacific
Session Organizer:
Kathy J Kuipers, University of Montana
Presider:
Eric Alexander Baldwin, University of California, Irvine
Participants:
Affective Identity Work: The Social Construction of Emergent
Target Language Identities through Affective Identity Work
Steven Arxer, University of North Texas at Dallas; Maria
Ciriza-Lope, University of North Texas at Dallas; Marco
Shappeck, University of North Texas at Dallas
This paper seeks to address a need in the sociology of emotion
literature for studies examining the practical strategies used in
developing social identities through affective social stances. This
paper uses both a developed sociological lens of identity work
and empirical case study of an adult ESL (English Second
Language) classroom to illustrate how emergent language
identity is linked to the social construction of affect. ESL
students rely on their identity work, as the product of both
personal and social affective narration, to construct an emergent
language identity. It is shown that adult ESL students’ identity
as second language learners is locally constituted, as are the
challenges and opportunities for this identity formation.
Refashioning 'Rugged Individualism': Trauma Work, Emotions,
and Power in the Re-entry Therapeutic Encounter Kathleen
Anne Bassett, University of York
This presentation is based on four in-depth, qualitative interviews
with mental health practitioners who assist individuals reentering their communities after prison at a residential re-entry
center in Portland, Oregon, in the United States. Extending
Hochschild’s (1979, 1983, 1989, 1990) and Moon’s (2005)
theorization of feelings, emotion management, and power,
Illouz’s (2008) work on therapeutic individualism, Gould’s
(2009) theorization of political (in)action and emotions, as well
as theories on subjectivity and productive power (Foucault, 1975;
1978; 1982; Rose, 1998), I conclude that, in the context of the reentry therapeutic encounter, practitioners conceptualize and
promote ‘Emotional Intelligence’ as a form of capital that can
help individuals access social goods like employment and
intimacy. I find that my participants reject adversarial and
punitive models of practice in favor of a ‘client-driven’ model
that uses clients feelings as a starting point to help them work
through trauma and addiction as well as to manage the
responsibilities and obstacles that they face as they make their
forays back into their communities after incarceration. Some
practitioners also use therapy to question residents’ embodiment
of masculinity. Both retrospective and preparatory, these
techniques include teaching individuals to ‘sit’ with
uncomfortable feelings, listening to what their emotions are
‘telling’ them, thinking more positively, and communicating their
wants and needs in pro- social and emotionally competent ways.
In the process, practitioners help residents uncover ‘who they
really are’ by compelling residents to manage their emotions in
alignment with ‘therapeutic individualism’, but in doing so,
unintentionally individualize and pathologize ‘rugged
individualism’.
LGBT and the Silent 'B': Attitudes and Perceptions of
Bisexuality as a Sexual Identity Celene Fuller, California
State University Northridge
The gap in sociological work on bisexuality reflects larger
societal patterns of dichotomizing categories of gender and
sexuality rather seeing these identities as existing along a
spectrum. The effects of the lack of understanding and support
for individuals with liminal sexual identities may prove
damaging to the individuals themselves as well as to the larger
LGBTQ+ movement. This study explores perceptions of bisexual
individuals and of bisexuality as a sexual identity. Ten interviews
with bisexual, homosexual, and heterosexual individuals were
conducted. Results revealed patterns of experiences and
perceptions regarding bisexuality: 1) Respondents differed in
revealing their sexuality or “coming out.” All homosexual
respondents were out while none of the bisexual respondents
were out to their families. 2) Bisexual respondents “play it
straight” by highlighting the heterosexual aspect of their
sexuality to avoid discrimination. 3) Gender differences emerged
in perceptions of bisexuality. Bisexual women were seen as
attending to the “male gaze” while bisexual men appeared to be
hiding their homosexuality. For these individuals, “compulsory
heterosexuality” acts as an added pressure in performing
masculinity. All respondents perceived bisexuality as a valid
identity except one lesbian respondent who felt this identity
negated her “stable” identity as a lesbian. This finding is
supported by research on lesbians and gay men who dismiss
bisexuality as a valid sexuality in order to clearly define the
oppressed and oppressors in political movements. Given this
view toward bisexuality, sociologists should research the effects
of sexual exclusion on the LGBTQ+ movement and on the lives
of bisexual individuals.
“They Called it Home”: Place and Home Among Second
Generation Louisianans in Los Angeles Faustina M DuCros,
San Jose State University
This paper draws on data from an interview study comparing the
experiences of 47 first and second generation Louisianans who
arrived in Los Angeles during the Great Migration era of the
1930s through 1970s. Here I conduct a preliminary exploration
of how some members of the second generation used the idea of
“home” in their narratives to navigate their relationships to
Louisiana as a hometown referent. In many cases they talked
about Louisiana as home from their own perspective and through
the lens of their parents’ perspective. The place identity
categories of being from Louisiana and children of migrants grew
out of an attachment to Louisiana that resulted from interaction
the second generation had in the place itself, but also that which
they had in Los Angeles with other Louisianans. These
interactions and the nostalgia resulting from their displacement
from Louisiana reinforced attachment to the place. Even though
Los Angeles was the actual site of many of the interactions,
Louisiana continued to be the figurative site and represented
“home.”
006. Classroom Concerns and Pedagogical Innovations
Teaching Sociology
12:00 to 1:30 pm
Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom A
Session Organizer:
Richelle Swan, CSUSM
Presider:
Jennifer Puentes, Indiana University Bloomington
Participants:
Incorporating Service Learning in a First Year Success
Classroom: Experience from an Urban Commuter Campus
Ting Jiang, Metropolitan State Univ. of Denver
Service Learning as a pedagogical approach has great potential to
enhance teaching effectiveness by actively engaging students
with the real social world. In Spring 2014, MSU Denver
approved four courses to have a service learning designation
(SvsLrng) to cater to an increasing demand to provide students
with experiential learning opportunities. My course is among one
of the four and is currently being offered for the Fall 2014
semester. In addition, my course also has a “First Year Success”
designation (FYS). FYS is an enrichment program designed to
help first year college students better transit to college life to
promote academic success and personal growth. My paper
explores challenges and benefits of incorporating service learning
components in a First Year Success classroom on an urban
commuter campus in the Denver Metro area. First, this paper
explores challenges and benefits of implementing service
learning among college freshmen; second, this paper presents
initial finding on the teaching effectiveness of incorporating
service learning in a freshmen classroom.
“Identity and Power: Student Perspectives on Classroom
Incivility” Michelle Robertson, St. Edward's University
Who is responsible for classroom incivility? Faculty? Students?
This research examines the concept of classroom incivility and
how it affects the learning environment for students in the
university classroom. In particular, it investigates the relationship
between ascribed characteristics of faculty, students, and course
content on classroom incivility. Past scholarly research has
looked more at the causes of and solutions for classroom
incivility with a focus on the number of “immediacies” that
faculty extend to students (Boice 1996). While a valuable line of
empirical inquiry, the scope of Boice’s study missed out on
important contextual factors like ascribed characteristics of
faculty and students (Alexander-Snow 2004). Indeed, along with
ascribed characteristics, course content can influence the level of
classroom incivility. This study focuses on student perspectives
at a small liberal arts institution and builds on a previous faculty
survey. Preliminary results indicate a relationship between
students’ race/ethnicity (though not gender) and their
perspectives on the severity of classroom incivility. Furthermore,
almost half of students believe faculty actions contribute to
classroom incivility but the same percentage also believe that
both students and faculty actions cause classroom incivility.
Finally, a third of students believe there are higher levels of
classroom incivility in cultural diversity courses compared to
other university courses. These results suggest that institutions
need to more closely acknowledge and examine student and
faculty identities in the classroom environment.
Teaching the Social Construction of Crime to Criminology
Students Brian Wolf, University of Idaho
Classes related to crime and deviance are mainstay subjects in
nearly any sociology department's standard course offerings. In
fact, courses related to the sociological study of crime and
deviance are consistently among the most popular selections
offered in sociology departments. However, students interested in
these topics often have less interest in sociology as an academic
discipline. This paper explores the methods I utilize to instill a
sociological imagination to the study and social construction of
crime and deviance.
From “Sage on the Stage” to “Guide on the Side”: Effective
Risk Taking and Creative Strategies in the 21st Century
Classroom Suzanne Becker, University of Nevada, Las
Vegas; Lori Fazzino, University of Nevada, Las Vegas
What counts as teaching, information, and learning is largely
defined by the historical moment at a given time. There is a
glaringly noticeable difference in the type of students that are
filling today’s university classrooms. Having educational and
lived experiences shaped by the socio-cultural-political climate
of this new century, millennial and/or first generation students
bring with them a wholly different skill set that is largely
incompatible with traditional methods of instruction. Despite this
change in the classroom demographic, the “sage on the stage”
method of teaching seems to persist as the dominant pedagogical
model. We argue that this model is not only outdated, but
extremely detrimental to the academic success of 21st century
students. Drawing from sociological literature on learning and
pedagogy and our own classroom experiences, our findings
suggest that it is time to update the current pedagogical model,
euphemized as the “guide on the side,” which allows instructors
to take more of a facilitative role in the classroom. We argue that
a transformation in teaching method requires, for some, a
restructuring of the Self as teacher. In this presentation we
encourage others to take risks in the classroom and present
examples of effective risk taking and deployment of creative
strategies in a variety of lower and upper division sociology
courses.
007. Faculty Mentoring at Teaching-Centered Universities: Early
Career Issues, Programs, and Assessment
Professional Development
12:00 to 1:30 pm
Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom B
Session Organizer:
Cynthia Siemsen, California State University, Chico
Presider:
Matthew Baron Rotondi, UC Riverside
Participant:
Faculty Mentoring at Teaching-Centered Universities: Early
Career Issues, Programs, and Assessment Matt Bahr,
Gonzaga University; Andrea Bertotti, Gonzaga University;
Vikas K Gumbhir, Gonzaga University; William Andrew
Hayes, Gonzaga University; Nicole Willms, Gonzaga
University
Graduate programs continue to train their students for careers at
similar research-oriented institutions. When these early career
scholars transition to jobs at institutions that emphasize teaching
and/or the liberal arts, they expectedly encounter challenges
adapting to the demands of the types of teaching, advising, and
university service that are expected at such schools. Mentoring
programs hold great promise in helping smooth and speed early
career scholars’ transition not only to these demands, but also to
the culture of these campuses. This project aims to identify (in
the broadest terms possible) the needs of early career faculty who
aspire to careers at liberal arts/teaching-centered schools, and to
examine the existing mentoring models, programs, and practices
in terms of their ability to meet these needs (including
assessment techniques and strategies).
008. The New Face of the University Work Force: The
Corporatization of Higher Education
Member and Committee Organized Sessions
Panel discussion
12:00 to 1:30 pm
Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom C
Session Organizer:
Stacy K. McGoldrick, Cal Poly Pomona
Presider:
Participants:
"My opinion used to be valued... I lost that". University staff
members and the corporatization of workplace culture : A
Canadian case study Katherine A Watson, University of the
Fraser Valley; Chantelle Marlor, University of the Fraser
Valley
Treating Adjuncts as Employees Patricia Jennings, CSU, East
Bay
The New Title Nine Rules and Ever Increasing Demands on
Faculty Faye Linda Wachs, Cal Poly Pomona
009. Health and the Body
Medical Sociology and Health
12:00 to 1:30 pm
Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Shoreline A
Session Organizer:
Karen S Seccombe, Portland State University
Presider:
gisela rodriguez Fernandez, Portland State University
Participants:
(Re)placing Breasts: Agents and Objects in the Market for
Cosmetic Surgery ‘Tourism’ Jacqueline Sanchez Taylor,
University Of Leicester
The market for cosmetic surgery sits uncomfortably with the
persons/things binary that in liberal discourse separates what may
or may not be treated and exchanged as a commodity. The
neoliberal shift towards privatization and de-regulation in health
has resulted in markets for cosmetic surgery being almost
entirely detached from medical concerns and restraints. Within
this, demand for breast augmentations has increased. Yet, whilst
new breasts are, at one level, commodified as ‘things’ - beauty or
fashion accessories - at another level, ‘consumers’ and
‘producers’ remain aware that breast augmentation involves
major surgery. Matters are further complicated by issues of place,
for the cosmetic surgery industry is now global, and costs are cut
by moving consumers to locations where clinics and staff are
cheap. Women are now sold the idea of new breasts in one
country, but travel to another for the actual surgical procedure.
This paper draws on research on medical tourism to Thailand and
the EU to explores the role of the British and Australian agents
who act as intermediaries in this market, allaying the fears of
would-be consumers about surgery abroad, and acting as
‘cultural brokers’ both for the place in which the clinic is set, and
for the market in breasts itself. It shows how the industry’s
ability to exploit the global political and economic power
relations that underpin differentials in the costs of operating
clinics in different places often hinges on agents who make a
living from facilitating fellow nationals’ access to breast
augmentation surgery abroad.
Family Matters: A Qualitative Study of Social Networks During
Pregnancy and Childbirth Among Indigenous and Rural
Communities Of Mesoamerica gisela rodriguez Fernandez,
Portland State University
Background Over the last 10 years, the Mesoamerican region has
significantly reduced maternal mortality rates. Nevertheless,
disaggregated data at the local and national levels show extreme
disparities in health outcomes. The objectives of this study were
to identify the key actors that provide support to women during
pregnancy, childbirth, and obstetric emergencies, and to
understand the main factors and motivations that influence the
decision whether or not use health care facilities during these
processes. Key words: Maternal health, social networks, kinship,
health services Findings Analysis revealed striking similarities
and differences between and within countries. Kin, especially
females, are the main actors of the social network. During
obstetric emergencies, males play a more central role,
particularly making financial decisions, and the social network
expands to include actors outside kinship. Traditional midwives
are central actors of the social network, and their potential role as
a bridge or a gap between families and the healthcare system is
underestimated. Conclusions Strategies that aim to reduce health
inequities must take into account the social structures in which
people are embedded. An integrative approach that recognizes
the importance of social networks among rural communities
better captures the underlying causes of ill-health decisions and
has the potential to reduce mortality rates in the region.
Latina Breast Cancer Mortality: Understanding the paradoxical
effects of immigration, race/ethnicity, and social
disadvantage Augustine Kposowa, University of California,
Riverside; Julie Collins-Dogrul, Whittier College
Breast cancer was the most common cause of cancer death in
Hispanic women in 2012. In this study, race/ethnicity,
socioeconomic status, nativity status, and health insurance are
explored as predictors of differences in breast cancer mortality.
Using data from two sources, the National Health Interview
Survey and the National Longitudinal Mortality Study, we
disaggregate Hispanics by country of origin and nativity. The
research provides further evidence for the Hispanic health
paradox and identifies the most at-risk Hispanic sub-groups.
010. Crime and delinquency - Research in Progress
Crime, Law, and Deviance
Research-in-progress session
12:00 to 1:30 pm
Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Shoreline B
Session Organizer:
David Musick, University of Northern Colorado
Presider:
Douglas Wallace, California Baptist University
Participants:
Why Deterrence Doesn't Work: The Function of Celerity Adam
G. Sanford, California State University, Dominguez Hills
Literature on deviance recognizes two main domains of pressure
on offenders: normative and concrete. A third pressure, the
immediate consequence, has not been recognized in the literature
for two reasons: the operationalization of “consequences” tends
to favor either informal consequences imposed by groups or
formal consequences imposed by institutions, and the effects of
immediate pressures are relatively short-term compared to
normative and institutional ones. In the literature, most measures
of celerity (time-to-consequence) also focus on periods of a
month or longer, while the idea of an immediate pressure
suggests that celerity has a much shorter effectiveness window.
This bias suggests that persons who propose enacting long-term
pressures into law as consequences for deviance do not see
immediate pressures as relevant. However, if law-makers enact
such laws when law-breakers do not notice long-term
consequences, then laws are effectively useless against deviance.
Using data collected from more than 200 citizens, this paper
explores the pressures they experience when they wish to enact
laws. This, combined with other data gathered on offenders and
the pressures they experience, suggests that the domain of
immediate pressure is important both to law-creation and
lawbreaking. Programs that aim to reduce deviance should take
this into account.
An Examination into the Social Construction and Theoretical
Analysis of Human Trafficking Douglas Wallace, California
Baptist University
Human Trafficking is a social problem that has gained much
attention and publicity in recent media sources but has its roots in
ancient cultural history. Human Trafficking has reached global
proportions, annually forcing millions into lives of prostitution,
slave labor, and as child soldiers. Those who do the trafficking
prey on the weak and vulnerable often with promises of a better
life. An extensive literature review will provide data and
information to begin the development of a survey designed to
discover which sociological theories have the greatest
explanatory power, and to examine the possibility of an
integrative theoretical approach. Additional variable to be
researched will be income inequalities, gender disparities, poor
rural populations, and cultural norms which are hypothesized to
lead to greater tolerance of this issue. A more thorough
understanding of these variables that give rise to the prevalence
of human trafficking could help bring into focus the efforts of
national and international organizations as they fight the growth
and expansion of this $32 billion a year criminal industry.
A Constant Cycle of Neglect Rudolph Alexander Bielitz,
Humboldt State University
This study examines the depression of adolescents and how their
depression influences their decision in wanting to abuse drugs;
while also examining how their drug abuse influences their
involvement with the criminal justice system (CJS). In addition, I
define drug abuse as “Selling” drugs, “Using” drugs, or “Both,”
which is selling and using drugs. The study will consist of a
secondary analysis, while utilizing the “statistical package for the
social sciences” (SPSS). I hypothesize, that depression among
adolescents may inevitably act as a catalyst for their criminal
activity, because adolescents who suffer from depression may
rely on abusing drugs as a form of coping with their depression,
which may then lead them to commit crime(s). Thus by possibly
finding a link between all three variables I may find that a result
of the two variables depression and drug abuse may result in
criminal activity.
If a Crime is Unreported, Did it Still Happen? Ryen Tyler Smith,
Idaho State University
This presentation explores the possible socio-economic
indicators that predict whether a crime committed will be
reported or not. Various reports from the Bureau of Justice
Statistics, utilizing the National Crime Victimization Survey,
have identified several of the most important reasons that crimes
remain unreported but fall short of explaining how socioeconomic status plays into crime reporting. These reports utilize
these types of variables in a categorical manner but do not
provide a predictive model that uses these in an explanatory way.
This presentation will show that these types of indicators provide
substantial predictive power in whether a crime is reported to the
police and aid in the efforts of increasing crime awareness and
underreporting.
Sentencers’ attitudes toward women in the criminal justice
system: Explanations for sentencing treatment disparities
Marisela Velazquez, James Cook University
Despite the significant increases in the number of women going
to prison in the last twenty years, women's involvement in crime
remains generally non-serious and non-violent. This might
suggest that their treatment by sentencers has become more
punitive in spite of claims that the justice system treats women
leniently and resorts to the use of custody as a 'last resort' (Hough
et al,. 2003). Even more noteworthy is the disparity in prisoner
rates between Australian Indigenous and non-Indigenous women
(405.4 versus 16.5 per 100,000 pop.) (ABS, 2013). Historically,
White women are claimed to be treated leniently by the courts
while minority women are treated harshly (Heidensohn, 1985;
Chesney-Lind & Bowker, 1978; Cameron, 1964). However,
recent research in Australia on gender and Indigenous sentencing
disparities contradicts these historical arguments based on cases
which go to the higher courts (Jeffries & Bond, 2013). This paper
uses the focal concerns perspective to understand and interpret
why Indigenous women may be treated leniently in the higher
courts. Based on semi-structured interviews with judges,
narrative analysis of sentencing transcripts, and observations in
courtrooms, I qualitatively examine the explanations sentencers
give for their decision-making when sentencing Indigenous and
non-Indigenous women.
011. LGBTQ Studies
Committee sponsored session
12:00 to 1:30 pm
Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom C
Session Organizer:
Maura Kelly, Portland State University
Presider:
Participants:
An Intersectional Approach to Heretical Queers Natasha
Radojcic, Sociology
We call it the trans* bladder:” Public restrooms and the politics
of holding it Alaina A. B. Mathers, University of Illinois at
Chicago
Discussant:
012. Sociological Theory: Applications, Extensions &
Reformulations
Theory
12:00 to 1:30 pm
Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom D
Session Organizer:
Jason Wollschleger, Whitworth University
Presider:
Matthew Gougherty, Indiana University
Participants:
Classical and Contemporary Sociological Theories: Issues of
Continuity and Discontinuity Alem Kebede, CSU,
Bakersfield
Continuities and discontinuities between classical and
contemporary social theories are easy to discern. However, no
systematic attempt has been made to delineate the specific types
that emerge as a result of the points of convergence and
divergence that exist between the two set of theories. In this
theoretical exercise, an attempt is made to fill this intellectual
gap. This objective is accomplished through the process of
typology construction. Accordingly, addressing the issue of
contribution made by both classical and contemporary social
theories, four possibilities are identified: 1. conceptual retention,
2. conceptual reformulation, 3. conceptual construction, and 4.
pre-conceptualization. In the first group (conceptual retention
and conceptual reformulation) are those types in which the
continuity between classical and contemporary theories are
revealed. Conceptual retention, for instance, refers to an
intellectual moment wherein previous concepts are wholly
retained or reformulated with little or no modification.
Conceptual reformulation, in contrast, involves both retention as
well as a significant reconstruction of “old” concepts. In the
second group (concept construction and pre-conceptualization)
are those types in which theoretical discontinuity has asserted
itself or it is in its way to be materialized. Conceptual
construction clearly reveals that either a new concept has been
introduced or an “old” concept is displaced by an emergent one.
Pre-conceptualization, on the other hand, entails an active
intellectual moment in which new concepts are on their way to
the sociological landscape. Multiple concepts, both from
classical and contemporary theories, will be utilized to
demonstrate the typology. Nonetheless this will not be done by
forcing concepts to fit into types. Anomalies will be seriously
considered whenever encountered.
Comparing World-systems: Semiperipheral Marcher States
chris chase-dunn, university of california-riverside; hiroko
inoue, university of california-riverside; alexis alvarez,
university of california-riverside
This paper tests one of the implications of the hypothesis of
semiperipheral development: that major increases in the sizes of
polities have been accomplished mainly by the conquests carried
out by semiperipheral marcher states. We use the comparative
world-systems perspective to frame our study of twenty-two
upward sweeps (upsweeps) of the largest polities in four regional
world-systems and in the expanding Central interpolity system
since the Bronze Age. We seek to determine whether or not these
upsweeps were or were not instances in which a semiperipheral
marcher states produced a large polity by means of conquest. The
hypothesis of semiperipheral development holds that polities that
are in between the core and periphery (semiperipheral polities)
have been, and continue to be, unusually fertile locations for the
implementation of organizational and technological innovations.
This is because semiperipheral polities have less invested in older
institutional structures and than do core societies and they have
greater incentives to take risks on new technologies, ideologies
and ventures. One important manifestation of this tendency is the
semiperipheral marcher state: a recently founded sedentary polity
out on the edge of an older core region that is able to conquer the
older core polities and to create a core-wide empire. This
phenomenon has occurred repeatedly, but it is not the only way
in which large empires have been created
Undoing the Richness of Life: Examining the Biodiversity Loss
Crisis in Concert with Social History Jordan Fox Besek,
University of Oregon
The purpose of this presentation is to advance a new sociological
understanding of the contemporary, human driven, crisis of
global biodiversity loss as a process that is at once too complex
to be encapsulated in a broad, macro-theoretical framework yet,
to be understood in its totality, must be conceptualized at a
higher scale than specific case studies can provide. We traverse
this impasse through establishing what we believe should be the
epistemological boundaries of the discussion. These boundaries
incorporate traditional epistemological issues in sociology and
related disciplines, such as the dynamics of scale and history, as
well as issues specific to processes of biodiversity loss. We argue
that a serious discussion of the social drivers of biodiversity loss,
one it is imperative sociologists be a part of, involves first
recognition of the analytic framework we set forth. The thrust of
these remarks is therefore towards building a theoretical
reconceptualization of the relationship between social processes
and biodiversity loss that can point towards a fruitful direction
for future empirical research.
013. Immigrant integration
Migration/Immigration
12:00 to 1:30 pm
Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom E
Session Organizer:
Georgiana Bostean, Chapman University
Presider:
Brian Holzman, Stanford University
Participants:
Caribbean Mobility and Success in Canada: A Story of
Overcoming Systemic and Individual Racism Dwaine
Edward Plaza, Oregon State University
Caribbean people began migrating to Canada in large numbers
after 1968 because of a change in immigration policy. Since the
1960s, living in Canada has been a challenge for different
Caribbean Ethnic groups. Using the 2011 Canadian Census this
paper also examines the current socio-demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the Caribbean population (Jamaican,
Trinidadian, Barbadian and Guyanese) ethnic groups living in
Canada. By comparing the Caribbean-born with Other Foreignborn and the Canadian-born populations, we find that Caribbean
people living in Canada in 2011 continue to face numerous
challenges which hinder the group’s overall mobility. These
issues include a high rate of female lone parent families, a
disproportionate male to female ratio, a larger household size, a
low rate of marriage and a high rate of divorces, a low
completion rate for university level schooling, a low average
employment income, a low rate of home ownership and an
overall higher rate of families living in poverty. Particular
attention in this paper is paid to gender, age, highest level of
education, place of birth, occupation, and period of arrival as
predictors of success in Canada.
Immigration-Induced Racial/Ethnic, Nativity, and Nationality
Diversity And its Effects on Civil Society William Estuardo
Rosales, UCLA
Demographic research has established that industrialized,
developed nations are becoming more racially and ethnically
diverse because of increased global migration, As such, it is
critical that we understand how democratic nation-states, such as
the United States, are re-imagining social membership and
citizenship in a world where immigration is increasingly salient
and populations are becoming more cosmopolitan and
heterogeneous (Carens 1987; Putnam 2007). Social trust and
civic engagement provide the necessary “lubricants” for society
to achieve individual and collective goals (Portes and Vickstrom
2011; Costa and Kahn 2003; Durkheim 1984) and capture the
values and behaviors that are necessary for a healthy democracy
and community (Putnam 2000, 2007; Verba and Nie 1987;
Verba, Schlozman, and Brady 1995). Although recent empirical
literature finds that immigration-induced diversity undermines
social trust and engagement in civil society (Lancee and
Dronkers 2011; Phan 2008; Stolle et al. 2008; Putnam 2007;
Rupasingha et al. 2006; Alesina and Ferrara 2000), it is still
relatively unclear why this is the case and whether this
association is consistent across different social contexts. I address
this gap in the literature by examining the effects of diversity
over time and by positioning the examination within one type of
local social context: neighborhoods. I focus on neighborhoods
because this is a central social environment in everyday life.
Using two recent waves (2000-2008) of the Los Angeles and
Neighborhood Survey (L.A. FANS), my dissertation intervenes
in the immigration, neighborhood, and social trust literature by
specifically examining the extent that social connections and
neighborhood experience mediate the impact of neighborhood
diversity on individual’s civic engagement and social trust. I
argue that diversity, independent of as well as a result of
immigration, must be contextualized in space and examined over
time in order to understand the connections between
demographic change and engagement in civil society. By
examining engagement in civil society and social trust, this work
contributes to the immigrant incorporation literature by
examining the extent that diverse social contexts affects if, and
how, immigrants get socially incorporated in the civil society of
democratic nation-states. Finally, by focusing on social processes
within Los Angeles, oftentimes considered a bellwether of
complex race and immigration issues, I position California as a
site of profound demographic and political change, ripe for
further inquiry by academics, policymakers, and community
leader.
Identity Correspondence:
The influences
of Psycho-Cultural Processes and Social Structural Contexts
on Second-Generation Adolescents’ Identity Choices
Monique Kelly, University of California - Irvine
ABSTRACT: Researchers have examined what factors influence
and affect the ethnic identity choices of second-generation
adolescents. Scholars have noted that due to the more rapid
acculturation of the second-generation, there may be dissonance
between these youth and their parents. Due to this dissonance,
adolescence may choose different ethnic/racial identities than
their parents’. During this developmental stage, adolescents are
more likely than not living with at least one parent, therefore,
taking this into consideration. However, the relational aspect of
parent and is has not been systematically investigated. Therefore
this paper advances the concept of identity as a relational
measure between second-generation youths and their parents.
This study uses Wave I of the Children of Immigrants
Longitudinal Study (CILS) dataset to assess how psycho-cultural
processes and social structural contexts influence the likelihood
of ethnic/racial identity correspondence between secondgeneration adolescents and their parents. Results show that social
structural contexts are more significant in predicting the
likelihood of second-generation adolescents’ identity
corresponding with their parents rather than psycho-cultural
processes. This study extends existing research on the identities
of second-generation adolescents by providing an additional
conceptualization and measure of identity as relational; the
distance between the perceived identities of immigrant parents
and their children.
Rethinking labour market policies as a strategy for the socioeconomic integration of migrants in Ireland. Pablo Rojas
Coppari, National University of Ireland Maynooth
According to the Census 2011, there are 544,357 non-Irish
nationals living in the State. Ireland is at a crucial juncture in its
experience of inward migration and still has the capacity to
prevent the intergenerational transmission of disadvantage in
migrant families: a common feature in European neighbours.
Within the extensive academic and policy literature there are
clear research gaps. We know little about the experience of
labour market progression amongst non-EU migrants in Ireland.
Nor do we know enough about how restrictive labour market
policy and practice impact on mobility of their spouses and the
intergenerational mobility of migrant families. This project uses a
mixed-method approach, utilising the case files of the Migrant
Rights Centre Ireland, leading Irish NGO in advocacy and
service provision for migrants; to answer three core research
questions: 1. Whether and how immigrants experience labour
market progression and the degree to which labour market
experience is gendered. 2. Barriers to progression and
effectiveness of activation policy in fostering labour market
Integration 3. Relationship between labour market experiences of
immigrants and experiences of mobility for spouses and the
intergenerational mobility of migrant-family children. The
primary aim of this research is to examine diverse types of labour
market policies and strategies that are and could be applied in
Ireland. The research will have an applied and academic impact.
It has the potential to contribute to thinking on successful
integration policies and inclusion of non-EU immigrants in
labour market strategies to be developed by the State.
Discussant:
014. The Sociology of Leisure Time
Panel discussion
12:00 to 1:30 pm
Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom F
Session Organizer:
Leonard Gordon, Arizona State University
Presider:
Participants:
What We Do in Leisure Time: Including LGBTQ’s and Aging
Don Barrett, CSU San Marcos
Leisure Time Through the Sociology of Sport and Humor
Discussants:
Jean Stockard, University of Oregon
Earl Babbie, Chapman University
015. Emerging Research in Economic Sociology
Economic Sociology
1:45 to 3:15 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Paul James Morgan, University of California, Irvine
Participants:
The Global Purchase of Intimacy: Voices of Women in
Transnational Marriage Migration Julie Kim, UC Irvine
Transnational brokered marriages (TBM), typically between men
from developed countries and women from developing regions,
have received significant attention by media and policymakers.
Regulations in countries such as the US and South Korea have
led to stricter visa eligibility requirements in order to protect
women from potentially adverse consequences of transnational
marriage while media often problematize select cases of brokered
marriages in the context of sex trafficking and domestic violence.
Yet, we have limited systematic knowledge about women’s
personal experiences of this process, and negotiation of women’s
migration opportunities with potential vulnerabilities that this
process entails. This project aims to elucidate women’s
understanding of the TBM process, their motivations and
aspirations, and their actual experiences. Particular attention is
paid to how women’s own understanding of the relationship
between intimate ties and economic transactions within those
ties, treated either as “hostile worlds” that are incompatible or
contaminate each other or as “connected worlds” that are
negotiated in concrete interactions, impact their life experiences.
The Drivers of Financialization Paul Joseph Peterson,
University of California, Riverside
This paper tests the relationships between financialization and
economic competition while controlling for changes in American
law and corporate governance restructuring.
The Effect of Mental Models on Microfinance Usage Julie
Young-Marcellin, Western University
Given that social service agencies are increasingly being defined
within market rationality, organizations are turning to
microfinance, self-employment, and financial literacy programs
in North. Microfinance is a term used to describe a
comprehensive list of financial services including credit, savings,
insurance, financial literacy, skills and business training.
“Bottom-up capitalism” is argued to empower the poor to work
their way out of poverty while offering a benefit to taxpayers.
Programs often draw on ‘best practices’ from the global south
and apply them in the global north. This essential shift, however,
remains unstudied. The present study is poised to make a
substantial contribution to understanding this domain of
economic activity. This paper examines the following interrelated
research questions. (1) How are ‘microfinance mental models’
originating in the global south applied in North America? (2)
What are the means by which these mental models are tested and
legitimized? (3) Are micro-entrepreneurs empowered agents or
are they being deliberately socialized into the “appropriate”
attitudes, values and approaches to work, thereby serving the
needs of global capitalists? Microfinance mental models are
defined as: norms, beliefs, hidden assumptions, traditions and
knowledge that are relevant to the practice of micro-finance.
Often existing below the level of consciousness, microfinance
mental models are multifaceted constructions that influence
human action and agency. My study provides a rich source of
data as to the relative degree to which a society has adopted
neoliberal-oriented policies and programs, and how these
programs work in the everyday.
Economies of Worth in Professional Education: The Case of the
Masters of Public Affairs Matthew Gougherty, Indiana
University
This paper applies French pragmatist sociology and recent
developments in the sociology of organizations to the study of
professional education. Using qualitative data collected from a
two year ethnographic project of a Masters of Public Affairs
program, I argue that those involved in professional education
programs continually justify and legitimate their activities
through a combination of economies of worth. The balance of
worths varies depending on the different courses and student and
faculty segments within program. In the program I studied, the
public management courses combine industrial and civic worths
in opposition to market understandings of worth. In contrast, the
economics and statistics courses combined industrial and market
worths and focus on the application of abstract knowledge to
policy. It is this gap between civic and market worths and their
applications that leads students to perceive management as
common sense and economics/statistics as a skill, while still
defining strong boundaries against market logics and business
schools.
Discussant:
Paul James Morgan, University of California, Irvine
016. Identity Theory Research
1:45 to 3:15 pm
Session Organizers:
Richard T. Serpe, Kent State University
Presider:
Participants:
Identiy Theory and Stigma Kristen Marcussen, Kent State
University; Emily Asencio, Sonoma State University
Identity, Exchange, and the Development of Social Bonds Jan
Stets, University of California, Riverside; Peter J Burke,
University of California, Riverside; Scott Savage, University
of California, Riverside
Behavioral and Cognitive Responses to an Identity
Discrepancy: Exploring the Role of Emotion Ryan Trettevik,
Identity Prominence and Identity Salience Congruity:
Implications for Normative and Counter-Normative
Identities Kelly L. Markowski, Kent State University;
017. Teaching Fundamental Sociological and Social Justice
Concepts
Teaching Sociology
1:45 to 3:15 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Adelle Dora Monteblanco, University of Colorado Boulder
Participants:
Teaching about Diversity and Inequality: Researching Student
and Faculty Expectations Rachael Neal, St. Edward's
University
This research explores students’ expectations about the extent to
which their course materials, activities, and assignments will
emphasize diversity-related topics. Previous research indicates
that courses that emphasize diversity often have a positive effect
on students’ skills in moral reasoning, civic engagement,
leadership, and their commitment to social justice. Despite
evidence about the long-term positive effects of diversity-related
content in curricula, including this content in courses can pose a
series of challenges for instructors, including heightened levels of
student discomfort. Courses which feature diversity may prompt
a variety of responses from students, ranging from anger,
resentment, alienation, anxiety, curiosity, to excitement.
Currently, the extent to which students’ expectations of their
courses influence their reactions to diversity-related content is
unclear. In order to better understand students’ reactions, and
help faculty to maximize opportunities for students to learn about
diversity, it is important to examine 1) students’ expectations
about the extent to which their classes feature diverse groups and
perspectives, and 2) if students, regardless of their expectations,
value learning about the lives and perspectives of different
groups of people. This presentation will A) review the literature
available about the efficacy of courses that teach about diversity
and B) discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various
methods that assess students’ expectations of, and experiences in,
these types of courses. Audience members will also leave this
presentation with a concrete understanding of the benefits and
risks of including diversity-related content in their courses, as
well as a set of best practices to do so.
“SOC-PONG!: Co-opting A College Party Game to Facilitate
Retention of Sociological Knowledge and Concepts Cedric
Taylor, central michigan university
Research has shown that classroom games foster learning in
innovative, social and engaging ways and can improve student
achievement. Although some instructors use games as a part of
their instructional repertoire, many teachers seek new ways of
engaging their students and improving student performance.
SOC-PONG, is a novel game geared to undergraduate sociology
students. SOC-PONG is an adaptation of Beer-Pong, a very
popular drinking game on college campuses in North America.
This study investigates the effectiveness of SOC-PONG on
student performance (as measured in sociology test scores) in an
undergraduate sociology course as compared to a traditional
question- answer sessions. Two sections of an undergraduate
sociology class were used in the study where the average scores
of each section was used to assess student performance.
Immediately after the game and traditional exam review, students
in both sections completed a short survey, to express how they
felt about the exam review activity. Findings suggest that SOCPONG is an effective strategy to engage students and improve
performance in multiple choice tests.
018. Mid-Career Faculty Development
1:45 to 3:15 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Nathan D. Martin, Arizona State University
Participants:
Pathways to Promotion for Midcareer Faculty: A Faculty
Learning Community Model Gretchen Peterson, California
State University - Los Angeles
One of the key themes identified by Baldwin, DeZure, Shaw, and
Moretto (2008) in their study of midcareer faculty was the
perceived neglect of this group of faculty. Prior to tenure, faculty
are evaluated regularly (in some cases, every year) and provided
feedback on their progress towards tenure. After being promoted
to associate professor, mid-career faculty are generally “cut
loose” and “left to their own devices.” While the expectations
for promotion to full professor are higher, faculty in the
midcareer face considerable uncertainty about those expectations
while support for their activities is often at its lowest point.
Indeed, many universities provide support to junior faculty
working towards tenure or to senior superstar faculty who bring
in grant money while leaving out midcareer faculty trying to
work towards promotion to full professor. To address this issue,
this project provided support to associate professors on the
pathway to promotion to full professor through facilitation of a
faculty learning community for mid-career faculty. Faculty at
this career stage may have different needs in preparing for
promotion to full professor. But, given the heavy teaching load
at California State Universities, the largest need is generally in
finding the time and balance in one’s life to complete the
necessary scholarly and creative activities to get promoted while
still maintaining a heavy teaching load. Thus, the emphasis was
on supporting faculty in finding balance between teaching,
service, and scholarly activities.
So You've Been Asked to be an External Proposal Evaluator:
Lessons Learned Ellen C Berg, CSU Sacramento; Jacqueline
Carrigan, CSU Sacramento
019. Freeway Flyers and Labor Issues in the Academy
Panel discussion
1:45 to 3:15 pm
Session Organizer:
Rosemary Powers, Eastern Oregon University
Presider:
Participants:
Comparative Labor Practices: Introducing the Non-TenureTrack Faculty (NTTF) Report Card Daniel Davis, University
of California, San Diego
The Commuter's Dilemma Tremaine Truitt, Los Angeles Valley
College
Commuting, Teaching, and Part-Time Sociology Levin Welch,
Los Angeles Valley College
020. International Health Issues
1:45 to 3:15 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Kristopher Kohler, UC Merced
Participants:
Social Determinants of Healthy Lifestyle in China and India Ha
Ngoc Trinh, University of Utah
To lower the risks of non-communicable diseases and promote
better quality of life in developing countries, health-related
behavior screening remains important in locating high risk
groups. This present paper examines the healthy lifestyle of
adults in China and India, attending to five health-related
behaviors of maintaining healthy weight, adequate fruit and
vegetable intake, moderate alcohol consumption, non-smoking,
and regular physical activities. Additionally, using high quality
data from the WHO-SAGE study, this research aims at screening
health behaviors through social determinants including age,
gender, socioeconomic status, residence, marital status and social
network of the two understudied populations. Logistic regression
for each health-related behavior, and Poisson regression for
healthy lifestyle index are performed in STATA 13.0. Results
indicated that except informal network which was consistently
insignificant, other social determinants’ effects on health
behaviors greatly varied based on the nature of the relationship
and the studied context. In general, a socioeconomic stratification
in healthy lifestyle was found for Indian sample, but not for
Chinese sample. Living in urban areas can be beneficial to most
health behaviors, except smoking for both countries.
Participating in formal network positively increased the practice
of good health behaviors in both China and India. Results in this
present study yielded important implications for health
promoting policies, including identification of socially
disadvantaged groups who were more prone to high risk
behaviors.
“An African ‘Iron Cage’: Destructive Impacts and
Consequences of Increased International HIV/AIDS
Funding” Kristopher Kohler, UC Merced
From the early 2000s until the end of the decade, global funding
of HIV/AIDS programming exploded. Countless local, national
and international organizations and agencies emerged or grew to
address the global health pandemic ravaging southern Africa in
particular. This financial assistance was needed and has
undoubtedly saved and prolonged many lives. However, there are
numerous secondary consequences that have reshaped African
political and economic structures and human resource
distribution as a result. Specifically, professionalization and the
deployment of additional resources has entangled business and
public relations sectors with public health sectors. Competition
over increasingly significant sums of money fostered division
and territoriality rather than collaboration and sharing of best
practices. Moreover, small scale programs that were successful
due to attention to local socio-cultural practice were typically
“scaled up” with disappointing results. Increased resources have
led to a reliance on marketing and grant-writing with deleterious
effects on program delivery and effectiveness. Organizations
relied less and less on the anthropologist and MPH graduate and
more on marketing, public relations and “monitoring and
evaluation” specialists. Ironically, then, increased funding for
HIV/AIDS programs rendered each program less efficient and
effective than they might have been. Lastly, I comment on how
these shifts in public health delivery may affect future
healthwork in arenas like preventing the spread of Ebola.
the Effect of Insurance on Health Care Demand among Elderly
Chinese Min Li, University of Florida
In 2010 the percentage of people older than 65 has increased to
8.91% (sixth national population census, 2010). What’s more, a
large fraction of the elderly has physical health limitations. In
rural areas, the percentage of unhealthy older people who could
take care of themselves is as high as 16.94%, and who is
unhealthy and could take care of themselves 3.32%. The health
care demand of the elderly should be intensive. However, there
seems to be underutilization of medical care among the old (Shi,
2013). This is to some extent related to the lack of guarantee
from insurance. Chinese government established cooperative
medical schemes in rural China in 1950s; however, this health
insurance system collapsed in 1980s. In the following decades, a
large number of rural residents remained uninsured. It was until
2003 when central government launched the rural new
cooperative medical system (NCMS) that providing health
insurance for the rural population was raised into the agenda.
Under such background, the current study was interested in
whether medical insurance actually make any difference between
its beneficiary and those without medical insurance in terms of
health care demand. Quantitative analysis of China Health and
Retirement Longitudinal Survey data found that: insurance status
is significantly related to health care demand. More specifically,
insured individuals tend to higher frequency of inpatient
treatment, higher frequency of outpatient treatment, and higher
possibility of having physical examination last year, with other
variables hold constant.
021. Sociology of Corrections
1:45 to 3:15 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Dinur Blum, University of California, Riverside
Participants:
Co-occurring Disorders and how they Impact Likelihood of
Recidivism Among Adult Inmates Michaela E Huber,
Brigham Young University; Stephen Bahr, Brigham Young
University
In 2013, the CSG Justice Center reported that up to 59% of
inmates with fully diagnosed mental illnesses also had cooccurring substance abuse disorders (Osher et al. 2012) The
evidence shows that inmates who have both a mental illness and
a substance abuse disorder tend to have higher recidivism rates.
For example, Wood (2011) examined over 1,110 parolees and
found that those with a serious psychiatric and substance abuse
disorder were rearrested faster than those who were not
diagnosed with both disorders. There has been a recent push for
evidence-based methods of reducing recidivism among the
subpopulation of ex-offenders experiencing co-occurring
disorders (COD). One methodological approach has been the
treatment of symptoms and risk-factors of COD that have shown
to be associated with recidivism (Osher et al. 2012; Peters 2012).
The aim of this study was to examine the impact of treating COD
during incarceration on recidivism rates. Researchers compared
the twelve and twenty-four-month recidivism outcomes of
offenders who received treatment for one or both disorders
during incarceration, to those offenders who do not receive any
supplemental treatment during incarceration. Results from this
study indicate that when prisoners have co-occurring mental and
drug disorders they are more likely to be rearrested. These
findings are consistent with other research. Results also indicated
that mental health treatment does not have a significant effect on
recidivism. Both the men and women who received mental health
treatment had slightly lower rearrest rates but the differences
were not statistically significant.
Motivation to Change: A Program Evaluation of the Youth
Development Center Teresa Casey, Idaho State University
For the last year, I have conducted a program evaluation of the
Youth Development Center (YDC), a program for high-risk
adolescent offenders in Bannock County, Idaho. The mission of
the YDC is to reduce recidivism and to rehabilitate juvenile
delinquents. They do this by promoting educational attainment,
encouraging behavior modification, and instilling life skills. The
program is unusual in that it utilizes college student mentors who
tutor the participants; these mentors are interns provided by the
university. They also collaborate extensively with community
organizations to encourage service learning, a concept that
promotes engagement and knowledge through community
service projects. My evaluation identifies strengths and
weaknesses of the program, explores perceptions of participants,
and assesses the effectiveness of the program in reducing
recidivism. I also identify the impact of the program on other life
domains such as education, employment, family relationships,
and attitudes.
Revisiting the Classics of Corrections Keith Farrington,
Whitman College; Joe Field, Walla Walla University
This paper undertakes a retrospective examination of the first
thirty years of research and theorization in the sociological study
of American prisons and their internal dynamics. Starting with
the basic working assumption that it is our responsibility as
scholars in any substantive area to regularly reread and
reconsider the classic works that preceded and set the stage for
more contemporary writings, it is the objective of this paper to
(a) identify the most foundational and influential of these early
books and articles in the sociology of corrections; (b) put these
early works into larger sociohistorical context, so as to explain
how and why they emerged at the particular time that they did;
and (c) show how these early classics eventually led to the new
approaches to and ideas about incarceration that subsequently
followed. Moreover, at the same time that we focus upon central
themes relating to prisons and imprisonment which did emerge
during the “classic” time period in question, we also speak of
other basic themes in this field that are now pretty much accepted
as truisms which did not emerge until after this early period of
scholarly work in the field had come and gone, and we attempt to
explain why these ideas did not gain traction until later on.
Yoga and Mindfulness as a Method of Rehabilitation: The
Prison Yoga Project Desire Anastasia, Metropolitan State
University of Denver
The criminal justice model of rehabilitation rests on the
assumption that crime is caused by some factor, such as a
person's social surroundings, psychological development, or
biological makeup. This standpoint does not deny that people
make choices to break the law, but it does emphasize that these
choices are not necessarily a matter of 'free will.' Rehabilitation
seeks to assist both offenders and society. By treating offenders,
the hope is to give them the attitudes and skills to avoid crime
and live a productive life. And by making offenders less
criminal, fewer people will be victimized and society will, as a
result, be safer. The Prison Yoga Project (PYP) was founded in
the belief that yoga, taught specifically as a mindfulness practice,
is extremely effective in releasing deeply held, unresolved
trauma, which allows both prison-based yoga practitioners and
offenders to address resultant behavioral issues. Yoga as a
mindfulness practice is PYP's tool for reengaging prisoners with
their bodies to restore the connection between mind, heart and
body. A trauma-informed practice is utilized to develop the
whole person, increase sensitivity toward oneself and empathy
for others. By putting offenders back in touch with their bodies,
they begin to care more about themselves and understand the
harm they have caused themselves as well as others. A symbolic
interactionist approach, which relies on the symbolic meaning
that people develop and rely upon in the process of social
interaction, is used to 'evaluate' the effectiveness of the use of
yoga in prison as a method of rehabilitation.
022. Talking Circle: Creating Empowering Spaces in Academe:
Student Voices
1:45 to 3:15 pm
Hyatt Regency: Floor 4th - Beacon Ballroom B
Session Organizer:
LaTasha Monique Warmsley, I am not affiliated with a college
at this time.
Presiders:
Garry Rolison, CSU, San Marcos
at this time.
023. LGBTQ aging: Seniors from the Stonewall era
Life Course and Aging
1:45 to 3:15 pm
Session Organizers:
Anna Muraco, Loyola Marymount University
Presider:
Demetrios Psihopaidas, University of Southern California
Participants:
LGBTQ aging: Seniors from the Stonewall era Don Barrett,
CSU San Marcos
LGBTQ aging is an under-addressed, but important, topic for
lifecourse/aging researchers as well as LGBTQ researchers. The
history of discrimination and stigmatization suggests a breadth of
LGBTQ specific life-course/aging issues including relations with
families of origin and families of choice; unequal treatment
and/or lifestyle-related barriers in senior, health care, and home
care environments; access to LGBT specific retirement and
assisted-living housing; issues related to sexual expression over
the life-course; LGBTQ-specific health issues including
HIV/AIDS; inter-generational relations within gay culture;
effects of the intersection of class, race, gender, orientation,
identity, and age statuses; and the adequacy of research and
policy on LGBTQ aging. The session will be an overview and
discussion of the consequences of this history of discrimination
and stigmatization on the LGBTQ population as they approach
retirement and/or are retired.
Observations on Gay Male Whiteness in Retirement Don
Barrett, CSU San Marcos
Note that this is for the "LGBTQ aging: Seniors from the
Stonewall era" session. This will be a two part report. First, on
the characteristics of the community of older gay males in Palm
Springs. Secondly, an informal analysis of the local situation for
working-class and minority senior gay males using theoretical
perspectives derived from the literatures on heteronormativity,
intersectionality, and aging.
Experiences as Research Gatekeeper for an organization of
Lesbians over age sixty Sharon M. Raphael, Cal. State
University Dominguez Hills; Don Barrett, CSU San Marcos
Provide background of presenter on topic of LGBTQ aging.
Briefly focus on purpose and goals of "Old Lesbians Organizing
for Change", a U.S, based organization with large membership of
Lesbians over age sixty. Describe history of and current
presenter's role as Gatekeeper for the organization (OLOC).
Share the importance of screening and evaluating research
requests from scholars intent on gathering data from Lesbians
over the age of sixty. What I learned from the Gatekeep'er's role
and why it is important to have policies and guidance for
researchers in search of participants from minority and
marginalized communities. Sources of funding Lesbian aging
projects discussed in session.
Aging Under the Radar: Health and Social Support in 50 and
over LGBT communities. Anna Muraco, Loyola Marymount
University; Karen Fredriksen-Goldsen, University of
Washington, School of Social Work
This presentation will address my in-progress research with the
Caring and Aging with Pride Over Time collaborative research
team. I will describe the larger study and then will focus on the
qualitative interview research I'm leading.
024. Whiteness, White Identity and Theorizing Race
Race/Ethnicity
1:45 to 3:15 pm
Session Organizer:
Black Hawk Hancock, DePaul University
Presider:
Daniel Eisen, Pacific University
Participants:
Exploration of the Association between Social Determinants
and white Racial Identity S Mo, Michigan State University
This exploratory study derived from the Black and white racial
identity scholarship aperture in that there is incongruence in the
racial identity conceptualization across races as well as disparate
literature in the investigation of social determinants and racial
identity. The objective of this research addressed these deficits by
reconceptualizing white racial identity and examined the
relationship between white racial identity and social determinants
(gender, age, region, political party affiliation, education,
income, and close friend of another race). Utilizing survey data
from a mid-West state sample of non-Latino/a white respondents
(N=720) interviewed by telephone, bivariate and multivariate
ordinary least squares regression analyses were conducted to
compare the level of white racial identity to each of the social
determinants. The bivariate analysis showed that gender, age, and
political party affiliation were significant predictors of white
racial identity in that females, older adults, and Republican Party
affiliates had stronger levels of white racial identity. However,
once the other covariates are controlled for in the multivariate
analysis, the only social determinant that remains significant is
political affiliation. While the findings did not support that white
racial identity levels are statistically linked to the social
determinants of gender, age, region, education, income, or racial
close friend, there was a significant association between political
party affiliation and white racial identity in that Republicans
identified more strongly to their white racial identity than
Democrats. The results from this exploratory study found that
political party matters when it comes to strength of white racial
identity.
Theorizing Racial and Ethnic Relations in the 21st Century
Zulema Valdez, University of California, Merced; Tanya
Golash-Boza, University of California, Merced
In this article we attempt to build a bridge between the study of
racial or ethnic relations by developing an intersectional
approach to the study of racial and ethnic relations. We consider
four separate cases that have been conceptualized by the ethnicity
paradigm as assimilation projects and by the race paradigm as
racialization projects, respectively: 1) African-American
entrepreneurs; 2) the Mexican-origin middle class 3) black
immigrant deportations; and 4) intermarriage between
unauthorized immigrant minorities and US-born whites. An
analysis of these four cases reveals the shortcomings of the
ethnicity paradigm to consider race as a structural force that is
distinct from ethnicity, or to acknowledge that structural racism
and racial exclusion condition assimilation trajectories in marked
ways; and the limitations of the race paradigm to take seriously
group members’ agency in fostering social capital resources and
support that can mediate or in some cases even transcend racial
inequality. By connecting two separate threads of sociological
knowledge -- the ethnicity paradigm, with its focus on group
dynamics and inclusion, and the race paradigm, which
underscores structural racism and exclusion -- the intersectional
approach introduced here reveals instead how systems of
oppression and privilege that comprise the highly stratified
American social structure condition the life chances of actors
from multiple dimensions of identity. Ultimately, by bringing
together the ethnicity and race paradigms, an intersectional
approach provides a more comprehensive and systematic
understanding of how ethnic group dynamics and racial
structures combine to determine members’ inclusion or exclusion
in the highly stratified American society.
Whitened rainbows: how white college students protect
whiteness through diversity discourses Annie Hikido,
University of California, Santa Barbara; Susan Bell Murray,
San Jose State University
This qualitative study investigates white students’ attitudes
toward campus diversity at a large, multiracial public university.
Drawing upon focus group data gathered from a larger campus
climate study, we identified four themes: participants voiced that
(1) racial diversity fosters campus tolerance, (2) diversity
fragments into de facto racial segregation, (3) institutional
support of diversity undermines and excludes whites, and (4) the
university should avoid acknowledging white identity.
Employing critical multiculturalism as a theoretical lens, we
argue that these discourses maintain white dominance within a
framework that promotes inclusion. These findings suggest that
without more direct institutional guidance, white students will
protect white supremacy even as they celebrate diversity in
multiracial spaces.
025. Central American immigrants in U.S.
1:45 to 3:15 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Armando Xavier Mejia, University of Wisconsin, Madison &
California State University, Long Beach
Participants:
The Central American Child Immigration Crisis, the media, and
Global Capitalism Theory Edwin Lopez, University of
California, Merced
Summer 2014 marked an upsurge in Central American children
reaching the Mexico-U.S. border. This “border crisis” was
framed by the Obama administration, on one hand, as a parenting
problem, and on another, as having to do with the incapacity of
Central American state agents to adequately enforce their own
laws. In the U.S., popular protests were polarized with demands
for immediate deportation that were then countered with human
rights advocacy for the children. Missing from the above
discourse, however, is an analysis based on global-level
structures. Although some efforts to attend to this have
suggested neoliberalism to be an explanatory factor, this working
paper considers global capitalism theory as a way to reframe the
discussion from one of migration to displacement. This paper
investigates how both corporate and alternative/independent
media frame the reasons children from Central America left their
home countries for the U.S. in Summer 2014 and how such
framing may shape public attitudes.
The Role of Religion in the Adaptation of Unaccompanied
Central American Youth in Los Angeles Stephanie Lynnette
Canziales, University of Southern California
Immigrant youth incorporation scholarship focuses on two
socializing institutions, family and schools (Portes and Rumbaut
2001). Through this lens, the family bridges children to the coethnic community (Portes and Zhou 1993, Zhou and Bankston
2008) and schools socialize youth to American culture and
practices and integrate them with native-born peers (Gonzales
2011, Suarez-Orozco et al. 2007). Churches are recognized as
pillars of solidarity and support within immigrant communities,
but research focuses particularly on church participation among
adult migrants or the family unit as a whole. Further, social
networks formed within church spaces are emphasized as sources
of social capital. The role of the church in the adaptation of
immigrant youth has been sparsely acknowledged. This
investigation examines the role of religion and religious
institutions in the adaptation of unaccompanied Central
American youth in Los Angeles. Two questions guide this
analysis. To what extent does the church provide social support
and adaptation resources for unauthorized, unaccompanied youth
in Los Angeles? In what ways might church membership also
hinder the adaptation of young migrants outside of the traditional
protective institutions of family and school? Ethnographic
observations and interviews demonstrate that churches provide
unaccompanied immigrant youth with resources and networks of
support as well as create conditions of setback and exploitation
that shape youth's adaptation trajectories.
Identifying and Examining Mexican, Salvadoran, and
Guatemalan Immigrant Enclaves: A Spatial Approach Luis
A. Sanchez, CSU Channel Islands
The objective of this project is to identify and examine
characteristics of Mexican, Salvadoran and Guatemalan
immigrant enclaves in U.S. metropolitan areas. These enclaves
often serve as a primary residence for recently arrived
immigrants and might influence immigrant incorporation
trajectories. This study examines the socioeconomic and
demographic characteristics of these enclaves which are
identified through a spatially informed classification scheme:
local indicators of spatial autocorrelation (LISA) clusters.
Although considerable attention has been given to the Mexican
immigrants, few studies have focused on their Salvadoran and
Guatemalan counterparts. The latter two represent two of the
fastest growing Latino immigrant groups living in the United
States. In fact, just recently Salvadorans (1,252,067) surpassed
Cubans (1,144,024) in population size and are now the second
largest Latino-immigrant group in the U.S. following Mexicans
(11,584,977) (American Community Survey, 2013). An
important component of this study is to compare the types of
neighborhoods Salvadoran and Guatemalan immigrants tend to
residentially cluster in comparison to their Mexican counterparts.
This will be done by addressing two primary research questions.
First, do Salvadoran and Guatemalan immigrants exhibit
different spatial distribution patterns (i.e. are they more or less
clustered) than Mexican immigrants? Second, do the groups’
ethnic enclaves differ in terms of socioeconomic and
demographic characteristics? By investigating these questions
and using spatially informed methods, I hope to provide a better
understanding of the residential experiences of Latino immigrant
groups and spur further discussion as to how neighborhoods
might influence varying assimilation trajectories.
Acculturation Experiences Among Mexican-Origin
Descendants Rosie Conley-Estrada, Boise State University
This research examines one part of the socio-cultural and human
capital adaptation experience of Mexican parents and their
children. Specifically, it focuses on gender as an analytical tool
for understanding the educational experiences of second and third
generation Mexican origin children. It draws upon immigrant
incorporation theory to shed light on how gender norms and
expectations within Mexican immigrant families are transformed
in the process of experiencing economic and social mobility
through educational achievement. This can be described as
undergoing gendered incorporation. Education is not only an
investment for better jobs, and higher earnings, but also greater
gender equity.
Discussant:
026. PSA 101: Preparing for Presentations
Panel discussion
1:45 to 3:15 pm
Session Organizer:
Jennifer A Strangfeld, CSU Stanislaus
Presider:
Panelists:
Dana Nakano, CSU Stanislaus
Danielle Duckett, California State University - Stanislaus
Laura Earles, Lewis-Clark State College
027. Markets, Transitions, and Crises
Economic Sociology
3:30 to 5:00 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Luis Antonio Vila-Henninger, University of Arizona
Participants:
Building Market Infrastructure: Grading Systems and Their
Effect on Post-bellum Futures Markets David Pinzur,
University of California - San Diego
In this paper I look at the development of agricultural futures
markets on the Chicago Board of Trade and the New Orleans
Cotton Exchange in the years between the Civil War and World
War I. Particularly, I focus on how each exchange created a
standardized system for grading and classifying commodities,
and how the make-up of this system affected the stability of their
market. I first describe three challenges facing the creators of
these systems: the need to accommodate pure financial
speculation as well as trade in agricultural commodities (e.g.,
trading cotton futures and trading cotton); coordination of
standards with other private organizations, such as railroads,
grain elevators, and other exchanges; and the establishment of a
positive regulatory relation with the state. The second part of the
paper analyzes the divergence in how the exchanges addressed
these tensions, and their effects. Chicago, a younger market with
multiple powerful actors and a greater interest in speculation,
needed early on to involve the state in the grading process, but
never fully supported their intervention; New Orleans, a well
established trade market with a more concentrated power
structure, was able to maintain an independent system longer,
building a foundation for smooth state regulation when it did
occur. I argue that these differences, particularly their relations to
the state, contributed to the different characters of these markets
– manipulation and misuse in Chicago, stability in New Orleans.
Neomercantilism, Labor and Austerity Response: The LongTerm Structure of the Eurocrisis Robert J MacPherson,
University of California Irvine
Explaining the “sovereign debt crisis” of the Eurozone has
become a point of contention for the media, policy makers and
social scientists. Mainstream interpretations blame government
profligacy, while sociological approaches focus on the
incompatibility of the several “varieties of capitalism” that make
up the Eurozone. Instead, this project combines insights from
world-systems analysis and post-Keynesian economics to
analyze the Eurozone as a single entity: a region of the worldeconomy shaped by its own internal structure of dependency
relations. I highlight the role played by neomercantilism, in
which the Northern Eurozone core siphoned demand from the
South by means of two factors: the accumulation of export
surpluses by Northern member states, and the differing modes of
labor control that buttressed these surpluses and influenced the
uneven development of the region. This historical analysis is
augmented with a qualitative comparative analysis (QCA)
comparing the reactions of large labor federations to austerity
across eleven Eurozone member states. The results reveal the
importance of intra-European dependency relations in
determining outcomes during the crisis, and allow a more
detailed mapping of the various groups making up the
Eurozone’s internal structure.
The Birth of Global Neoliberalism: Cognitive Maps and the
Interests of Capital in Economic Policymaking Christoffer
James Petersen Zoeller, University of California-Irvine
The United States’ unilateral decision to “close the gold window”
in 1971 decisively ended the Bretton Woods era of international
economics, and set the groundwork for the “neoliberal”
institutional arrangement that succeeded it. Detailed historical
analysis using extensive archival material traces the development
of this critical policy decision, which is presented as a natural
experiment through which to observe the interaction between
ideational and material influences on economic policy outcomes.
Analysis of this case demonstrates that the perceived interests of
domestic capitalist firms constitute a set of goals that feature
prominently in the cognitive map with which policymakers
operate. These goals, in turn, are constructed through the lens of
institutionalized normative and cognitive frameworks familiar to
policymakers. Process-tracing shows that, over time,
policymakers gained experience that presented a contradiction
between familiar frameworks and their material goals. Facing a
choice, the ultimate outcome represented a self-consciously
radical departure from both the normative and logical concerns
that had bounded the policy discussion, highlighting the key role
of material interest in the policy process. These findings are used
to present a useful framework that integrates neo-institutional
analysis with a consideration of the state’s role in furthering
domestic capitalist interests in the global economy.
028. Visual Sociology: Examining Social Life From Varying
Perspectives
Visual Sociology
3:30 to 5:00 pm
Session Organizer:
Wendy Ng, San Jose State University
Presider:
Orvic Pada, CSU Fullerton/Claremont Graduate University
Participants:
Aggression and Violence in Mass Media anthony Cortese,
southern methodist university
Aggression and violence taught and encouraged on the football
and combat fields spill over to intimate relationships. This paper
examines aggression and violence—including but not limited to
intimate partner violence and sexual violence--and their interplay
with advertising and other forms of mass media such as
television, film, radio, newspapers and the Internet. The
economic structures of social inequality must be dismantled.
However, focusing exclusively on women’s material or
economic situation may confer women access to a prestigious
male social role but will neither re-define women nor provide a
path to a non-patriarchal view of female identity. The oppression
of women can be effectively opposed through a carefully
articulated re-definition of women.
Using photography to explore the mental health hospital
environment Ellie Byrne, Cardiff University
This paper reports on a PhD study into the use of photography to
explore the mental health hospital environment. Visual methods
have been known to contribute to qualitative research processes
in several ways. Photography, in particular, can be useful in
creating reciprocal interview settings, where both participant and
researcher can feel more at ease, and where participants can have
more control over the interview process. Participatory
photography, where participants take photographs as part of the
project, deepens this further, to produce more egalitarian power
relationships between ‘researcher’ and ‘researched’ and to allow
unanticipated themes or issues to arise from the visual data. In
this study, cameras were given to staff and patients at a mental
health hospital in South West England, who were asked to take
photographs of their surroundings to show what they thought of
them. Some participated in follow up photo-elicitation
interviews, where they showed the researcher their photographs
and talked about the hospital environment. Others took part in
mobile photo interviews where they took photographs whilst
walking around the hospital with the researcher. This paper
reflects on the methodological, practical and ethical implications
of using photography in this way, and on the discursive practices
participants used when taking photographs and whilst talking
about their photographs. The sensorial nature of mobile photo
interviews is also discussed, and the contribution that visual
methods can make to study in this field.
“There are No Female Marines: Comparing Recruiting Images
from WWII and Present Day” Erica Bender, UC San Diego
Military organizations use the imagery in recruiting materials to
project an ideal, overtly stylized organizational identity to
prospective members, thus making the images an especially rich
source of data for exploring military organizational culture.
These images also signal important developments in how
military organizations comprehend gender and its role in their
operations. In this paper, I compare Marine Corps recruiting
images from World War II to those of the present-day to discern
the extent to which gender representations have changed across
the two periods. This comparative structure enables me to
identify which organizational gender ideologies are adaptable
alongside increasing gender integration of the military, and
which ideologies are enduring despite those changes. Using a
social semiotic analysis of multiple recruiting images from each
period, I find that despite changes in the representations of men
and women, several gendered patterns remain. I find that the
number and varieties of representations of women in recruitment
images have increased since WWII. Present-day images are more
likely to depict men and women together as a cohesive unit.
However, I also find similarities across the time periods,
including the association between masculinity and military
mission, the concealing of female bodies, and the resolute
association between men (not women) with military toughness.
These findings speak to developments in the literature on gender
and organizations that explore how organizational cultures and
contexts reproduce gender inequality. I find that despite the
changing social-structural contexts of gender in the military,
highly salient gender ideologies continue to endure.
film--"The Bearskin Photograph" Sine Anahita, University of
Alaska Fairbanks
A 15-minute documentary film analyzing masculinity and
sexuality in the late-1890s based on a set of archival
photographs. The photographs were taken by Jasper Wyman in
gold camps located in the Koyukuk River basin in north central
Alaska.
029. The Master's Degree in Sociology: Building Stronger
Programs
Teaching Sociology
Panel discussion
3:30 to 5:00 pm
Session Organizer:
Amy Leisenring, San Jose State University
Presider:
Santos Torres, Jr., California State University, Sacramento
Participant:
The Master's Degree in Sociology: Building Stronger Programs
Amy Leisenring, San Jose State University; Preston Rudy,
San Jose State University; Cristina Bodinger-deUriarte,
CSULA; Marisol Clark-Ibáñez, CSU San Marcos; Gary
Hytrek, California State University, Long Beach
This workshop style panel will address the role of the terminal
M.A. Sociology Program. The panel will address the various
types of M.A. Sociology Programs that exist and cover issues
such as curriculum, evaluation, and student paths after
graduation. Panelists will share information about their programs,
the various challenges they face, and the changes they’d like to
make in the future. Schools with terminal M.A. programs will be
encouraged to send a representative in order to participate in the
discussion, share curricula, and brainstorm.
030. Designing Group Randomized Studies Using Optimal Design
3:30 to 5:00 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Feng Hao, Washington State University
Participant:
Designing Group Randomized Studies using Optimal Design
Ben Kelcey, University of Cincinnati; Jessaca Spybrook,
Western Michigan University
The purpose of this workshop is to train researchers and
evaluators how to plan adequately powered cluster randomized
trials (CRTs) for assessing the effects interventions. We will
teach participants how to use the Optimal Design(OD) Software
(a free program) and introduce them to recent compilations of
empirical estimates of parameters needed to design multilevel
studies. The target audience includes researchers interested in
planning and conducting group randomized trials.
031. Teachers, Parents, and Private Tutors
Education (other areas)
3:30 to 5:00 pm
Session Organizer:
Lisa M Nunn, University of San Diego
Presider:
Jennifer Raby, University of Colorado-Denver
Participants:
Teachers’ Responses to Testing Demands: A Case of NCLB
Shikha Bista, Michigan State University
The purpose of this study is to develop a more complex
understanding of the ways in which mandated curriculum and
tests influence teachers’ practice at the classroom level or how
this impacts the quality and nature of teaching. For this, it will
review and synthesize the body of literature that examines the
specific ways in which external testing influences teachers’
practice and knowledge and explicate how teachers respond to
such mandates. With this, given the variety of ways in which
NCLB’s high stake accountability is expected to influence or
motivate teachers, the paper focuses on literature that examines
the influence on teachers, mainly those who have been specially
prepared to serve ethnically or linguistically diverse populations,
and understand such teachers’ response to the high stakes
accountability demands. Here, it not only delves into literature
that explores how standard based reforms impacts teachers, but
also how teachers respond to and interpret these policies.
The Shadow Educational System: Multiple Yet Unexpected
Functions of Private Tutoring Yvonne Y Kwan, University of
California, Santa Cruz
The term “shadow educational system” describes the practice
of paid private tutoring. While shadow education is most often
used by more privileged students to increase academic and
standardized test performance, there are shadow programs that
also help students address learning shortfalls and provide
remedial tutoring services. Activities include extra classes, group
tutoring, and private (sometimes in-home) one-on-one tutoring.
Understanding how educational inequalities may be perpetuated
by the growth and use of such shadow education, this paper
presentation complements studies that have relied primarily on
statistical analysis of large longitudinal data set such as the
National Education Longitudinal Study (NELS) by providing an
“insider account” of the inter-workings of a shadow education
center in the Silicon Valley. By offering experiences from
parents, students, and tutors, this study’s use of ethnography
addresses some of the challenges and shortcomings that Bray
(2010) found in terms of using quantitive data to study shadow
education. Rather than evaluating the efficacy of shadow
education or discussing the political economy of such lucrative
tutoring centers, this presentation addresses the emotional and
counseling functions of shadow education tutors for students who
tend to come from wealthy Silicon Valley families, attend school
in very competitive school districts, and have fraught
relationships with overbearing parents. While many pupils
understand the purpose and need for standardized test preparation
and tutoring, many are forced by their parents to participate,
causing some students great academic and emotional stress.
Use of Role and Power within the Parent/Teacher Relationship:
Understanding Parent Perceptions Sonja Taylor, Portland
State University
Parent participation in school has been increasingly shown to
positively impact children’s academic outcomes. Previous
literature has reported a difference in the way parents participate
and how they feel about their participation, that can be linked to
social class. Much of what has been written presents a
dichotomous account of parent experience – feelings of
marginalization for parents in lower SES brackets and feelings of
entitlement for parents in higher SES brackets. Bourdieu’s theory
describing the reproduction of cultural and social capital is often
used as a lens with which to view these different experiences, but
little discussion has developed about possible sources of agency
for lower SES parents. This study aims to build on findings from
research in the UK on a possible source of agency for lower SES
parents that can be found within the parent teacher relationship.
While parent participation can take many forms, this study
specifically focuses on the relationship between parents and
teachers and parent perception of the roles assumed by each party
within that relationship. Building on the concepts of cultural and
social capital, this research adds the additional lens of positioning
theory. Positioning theory essentially describes a co-creation of
identity that can take place within ongoing dyadic dialogues. One
manifestation of this source of identity creation can be found in
the interactions between parents and teachers of elementary
school children. Within this research there are policy
implications for how schools structure parent teacher interactions
as well as how teachers might approach parents of different
backgrounds regarding their role in their children’s education.
Sara Lawrence-Lightfoot described the parent teacher conference
as "the essential conversation" in her 2003 book of the same
name. However, initial findings suggest that parents might not
understand the potential power of the conversations they have
with their children's teachers.
Discussant:
032. Medical Knowledge
3:30 to 5:00 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Lauren Dana Olsen, UCSD
Participants:
Medical Standards and the Intimate Labor of Self-Making
Literature on contemporary shifts in intimate life has emphasized
the increasingly public, commodified, or commercialized
character of formerly private practices and relations. Largely
absent, however, has been an explicit analysis of how standards
and standardization facilitate and delimit these shifts. This article
draws on participant observation, interviews, and survey data of
online transgender groups to show how the standardization of
medical knowledge of gender nonconformity impacts the
intimate labor of ‘authentic’ self-making. I argue that the explicit
and implicit criteria, logic, and priorities of the standard
influence what counts as ‘authenticity’ and this drives a process
of ‘selective deployment’ in the presentation of self. Findings
illuminate the power and limits of standardization to remake
intimate life.
Resisting the Reification of Racial Difference: How Racial
Justice Movements Rupture Biomedical Knowledge of Race
and Disease Bridget Harr, UC Santa Barbara
Scientific and medical knowledge of human difference and
associated disparities in health and illness both inform and are
informed by popular understandings of race and disease. These
discourses do not simply reflect or reify race, rather they produce
racial difference, as persons and populations become understood,
experienced, and treated as separate and distinct. Though science
may be an iterative process where revision and rupture are part of
the norm, scientific knowledge permeates and persists in public
policies and popular culture, which may reproduce, recuperate, or
refashion discredited or outmoded knowledge of race and
disease. The persistent use of race as a category of analysis in
genetic research despite the heralding of the human genome as
confirmation of the nonexistence of biological races, for
example, demonstrates the slippage between, and co-constitution
of, scientific and social categories. Drawing on Charles Briggs’
concept of communicability, which calls attention to the
transitivity and mutual transformation of social and scientific
discourses, I examine the shifts among and between racial logics
that draw upon sociocultural, environmental, and biological
explanations of health inequalities. I seek to elaborate the
processes of recognition and rejection of biomedical knowledge,
including how changes in the understanding of and response to
racial health disparities occur. I focus on community
mobilizations that raise challenges to expert knowledge by
identifying the risks of and interrelationships between structural
racism and racial science in considering their health and
wellbeing. Studying racial justice movements and their
challenges to prevailing expert knowledge reveals how members
of the public participate in the construction and contestation of
racial, scientific, and medical knowledges. These struggles over
meaning at the intersections of race, science, and medicine are
the topic of this presentation.
The Fragmented Transmission of Social Scientific Knowledge:
The Case of Cultural Competence Lauren Dana Olsen,
UCSD
Over the last few decades, the American population has grown in
size and demographic diversity. This macro-level shift in
linguistic and cultural heterogeneity brought new challenges for
the everyday work of the health care professions. In response, the
health care professions developed a set of knowledge, skills, and
attitudes poised to respect diverse beliefs and understandings of
health and illness – enveloped under the term cultural
competence. Generating curricular material from social
epidemiology and anthropology, the case of the introduction of
cultural competence measures into medical education and
practice is an instance of the importation of social scientific
knowledge into a biomedical environment. Through a discourse
analysis of 76 assessments of cultural competence education
efforts and comprehension in the health care field, this paper
examines the reception and absorption of social scientific
knowledge by biomedical actors. The current format of cultural
competence education in biomedicine disproportionally imports
social scientific data that is positivistic and categorical, while
ignoring social scientific data that is critical and reflexive. By
comparing how different forms of social scientific knowledge are
received and absorbed, this article shows how the fragmented
importation of social scientific knowledge into biomedicine
subverts the altruistic goals of cultural competence through a
reification of racial and ethnic stereotypes.
033. The Police and Crime
3:30 to 5:00 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Participants:
All the Punishments, None of the Privileges? Law Enforcement
Responses to Same-Sex Intimate Partner Violence Devon
Thacker Thomas, California State University, Fullerton;
Sergio Torres, California State University, Fullerton
Same-sex intimate partners struggle to secure rights and
privileges equal to individuals in opposite-sex relationships (e.g.,
marriage rights and the right to victim services in cases of
intimate partner violence (IPV)). However, while unequal in
legal privileges, same-sex partnerships generally are recognized
in terms of assigning criminal behavior, such as in instances of
IPV. This paper draws on in-depth interviews conducted with
members of law enforcement and with individuals who have
been involved in situations of same-sex intimate partner abuse
(IPV) for which law enforcement became involved to discuss
preliminary findings about: (1) the impacts of the criminal justice
system and IPV statutes on same-sex partners and (2) how IPV
statutes are understood and enacted by criminal justice personnel
in cases of same-sex IPV. Ultimately, this project examines the
conflict between social norms, legislative policy and state law.
Consideration of these legal disparities is timely and important
given current legislation to legally recognize same-sex
partnerships.
High-Crime Las Vegas: Smart Policing Strategies, Crime Rates,
and Resident Perceptions of Police in Hispanic
Neighborhoods Christie Batson, University of Nevada Las
Vegas; Andrew Spivak, University of Nevada Las Vegas
This paper uses newly collected data from a collaborative mixedmethods project in Las Vegas, Nevada to examine how smart
policing strategies in high-crime neighborhoods have impacted
residential perceptions of crime and the police. We pay close
attention to the racial and ethnic disparities that emerge in
perceptions of crime versus real crime. Using a residential
survey and official crime data, we show unique racial and ethnic
differences in the perceptions of crime and the police,
particularly among the Hispanic population in Las Vegas. We
show that factors such as English-language fluency and nativity
status are associated with Hispanic differences in crime and
police perceptions.
Public-Private Partnerships and the Policing of Urban Protest:
The Case of Occupy Wall Street Michael A. GouldWartofsky, New York University
Between 2011 and 2012, protests and occupations swept across
America’s urban centers, incurring wave after wave of police
action, with more than 7,000 arrests reported in some 122 cities.
While the aggressive tactics observed in the course of such police
action have received ample attention in the literature (Vitale
2011; Gitlin 2012; Gillham, Edwards, and Noakes 2013), there
has been significantly less scrutiny of the strategic interactions
within which such tactics took shape. In particular, little
attention has been paid to the part played by public-private
partnerships in developing strategies for the policing of urban
protest, with the collaboration of private sector firms, local police
departments, and federal intelligence agencies. To better
understand the actors and the dynamics of their interaction, this
paper takes up the case of Occupy Wall Street, presenting
original findings derived from forty in-depth interviews, archival
analysis, and one year of participant observation. I find that what
was distinctive about the policing of Occupy protests was not the
tactical repertoire deployed, given that this repertoire was already
well established by the 1990s, and familiar to a generation of
African-American and Latino youth. I show that what
distinguished such protest policing was instead the degree to
which its methods were motivated, formulated, and facilitated by
cross-sector alliances between public servants and private
partners— in particular, owners and operators of financial
services, commercial facilities, transportation hubs, and other
“critical infrastructure.” My findings offer a provisional dataset
for discussion and critique, as well as an invitation to further
inquiry.
Understanding the Political Economy Effects on Policing
Resources and Strategies Targeted at Suspected Public Sex
Locations Anthony Vega, Washington State University
It is unclear how law enforcement agencies and more specifically
vice law enforcement units find locations where public sex
occurs and enforce public sex related penal codes. This study will
investigate how law enforcement agencies use their resources to
find public sex locations, police public sex, and their justification
for using those resources to do both. The objective of this study
is to understand the political economy factors impacting the
policing of public sex locations. This study will use about 40
semi-structured interviews that include law enforcement officers
and personnel, local government personnel, and representatives
of local businesses. The interview data will be analyzed using
grounded theory to understand the underlying process of how and
why law enforcement police public sex locations. The working
hypothesis for this study is that law enforcement agencies are
reactively, not actively, seeking public sex locations. Law
enforcement agencies will likely not dedicate many resources
towards finding public sex locations, because given relevant law
enforcement literature it is more likely citizens, other local
government agencies, or businesses inform the law enforcement
of suspected public sex locations. The types of public and private
concerns levied and law enforcement’s responsiveness to those
complaints are of interest to this study. Law enforcement will
likely instead focus most of their time and money on the policing
of public sex when a public sex location becomes a public
nuisance.
The Police Officers’ Working Personality: An Application of
the Working Personality to Federal Agents Kyle Porter,
University of La Verne; Sharon K Davis, University of La
Verne
This study focuses on the occupational personality of Federal
Agents. The focal points of the study are to examine whether
there is a common personality among Federal Agents and to
compare their personalities to the agents’ perceptions of what
personality traits make for an effective Federal Agent. The study
is based on Jerome Skolnick’s concept of the Police Officers’
Working Personality. The concept ascribes a common
personality, which is authoritarian in nature, to all police officers.
Other studies have examined the personalities of police officers
and have found high levels of authoritarianism (Skolnick 1966).
A comparison of occupations within the field of law enforcement
found further evidence of authoritarianism as well as different
levels of authoritarianism based on relative positions in the
organizational hierarchy (Trojanowicz 1971). Methodologically,
this study consisted of 25 interviews and surveys of Federal
Agents ranging in age from 25-51 years. The agents are currently
employed in a specialized agency operational in a field office in
the Western region of the United States. It was expected that
there would not be a singular personality type among Federal
Agents. Furthermore, the personality traits that Federal Agents
believe are necessary for effective job performance will be
consistent with personality traits found in the agents themselves.
What is more, it was predicted that all of the agents would have
low levels of authoritarianism. As the educational attainment of
the agents increases, it was expected that authoritarianism will
decrease. Likewise, as the age of the agents increases, it was
predicted that authoritarianism will also increase. Overall, the
study sought to reinforce the notion that the diversification within
law enforcement, and society in general, has made a common
personality in law enforcement impossible.
034. Author Meets Critic: Fred Block, "The Power of Market
Fundamentalism" Harvard Press, 214
Author-meets-critic format
3:30 to 5:00 pm
Session Organizer:
Mary Yu Danico, Cal Poly Pomona
Discussants:
Fred Block, UC Davis
Julia Elyachar, University of California, Irvine
Akos Rona-Tas, University of California, San Diego
Bill Maurer, University of California, Irvine
035. Sociological Perspectives Editorial Board Meeting
Committee meeting
3:30 to 5:00 pm
Hyatt Regency: Floor Fourth - Regency Ballroom B
Session Organizer:
Member:
Robert M O'Brien, University of Oregon
James Elliott, Rice University
Jessica Schultz, University of Oregon
Robert Bulman, Saint Mary's College of California
Judy Howard, University of Washington
Jonathan Turner, UC-Riverside
Amy Wharton, Washington State University Vancouver
Michael Aguilera, University of Oregon
Shari Dworkin, University of California San Francisco
Ryan A Light, University of Oregon
Eileen Otis, University of Oregon
Ellen R Reese, UC-Riverside
Jan Stets, University of California, Riverside
036. "What does Food Mean?" Class, Ethnicity, Community
Resilience, and Consumer Values
Food and Society
3:30 to 5:00 pm
Session Organizer:
Craig G Van Pelt, University of Oregon
Presider:
Patricia Marie Martorana, New Mexico State University
Participants:
Chef de Culture? How Class and Ethnic Diversity Interacts with
Food in Chef Talk Zeynep Kilic, University of Alaska
Anchorage
This paper is a preliminary analysis of the interviews from the
documentary project Tables of Istanbul (Access Trailer/Teaser
for Tables of Istanbul at
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CrybwiODtdM&feature=you
tu.be, Facebook page at
https://www.facebook.com/TablesofIstanbul?ref=hl). The film is
a case study of Istanbul’s culinary landscape, exploring how
cultural identities are established in everyday life through food,
and analytically investigating the role of social class and
ethnicity in the relationship between culture and food. A complex
web of identities is embedded in this metropolitan world city,
situated between the Global North and South, at the crossroads of
historic Silk and Spice routes. Global shifts such as proliferation
of fast food and changes in the food production affect our
understanding of food as identity. Here, the historic Istanbul of
religiously and ethnically diverse urban populations collides with
the contemporary city of rural migrants, global nomads, foreign
business, art, and politics. The documentary follows the author’s
personal relationship with food and explores connections to
cultural identity utilizing ‘the bridge’ metaphor, searching for
answers in Istanbul’s food landscape. There have been 16
interviews completed, with well-known chefs, cookbook authors
and restaurateurs who specifically articulate a vision of “Turkish”
cuisine in the city of Istanbul as well as NGO leaders (such as
Slow Food Istanbul). Though the data collection is only 2/3
complete, the preliminary analysis reveals interesting approaches
to articulating food cultures through class and ethnic diversity.
Globally chefs have become household personalities and their
cultural constructions around cuisine are important to analyze as
they have their own fan base.
Gardening and Foraging in Southeast Alaska: Climate Change
and Food Security Lora Vess, University of Alaska Southeast
This presentation stems from a larger project investigating the
intersection of food security, economic livelihoods, subsistence,
cultural sustainability, and climatic and environmental change in
Berner’s Bay/Southeast Alaska. It is conducted as part of the
Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research
(EPSCoR) Southeast Test Case examining community ecosystem
resiliency and capacity for adapting to climate change. We are
evaluating the perceived range of ecosystem services and benefits
in an effort to understand the capacity for local economies,
resource managers, and communities to anticipate and respond to
changes in these services. Globally, food insecurity is
exacerbated by climate disruption. Ecological vulnerabilities
such as resource depletion, overharvesting, invasive species,
warming temperatures, precipitation changes, are strongly linked
to sociological conditions. Alaska has a unique set of concerns in
this regard: impacts on fisheries, transportation challenges,
limited and unpredictable growing seasons, and changing
landscapes and vegetation shifts. Ninety-five percent of food
consumed in Alaska is imported. I examine the unintended
consequences of climatic change on food supply in Southeast
Alaska, including availability, local production, transportation
costs or accessibility, and potential rise in food costs. For this
presentation, I focus specifically on self-identified foragers,
harvesters, and gardeners and their experiences, perceptions of
ecosystem changes affecting food security for Southeast Alaskan,
and the development of adaptive strategies.
Student Consumer Perceptions of Emerging Food Labels Britta
Hamre, University of Alaska Fairbanks; Kara Dillard,
University of Alaska Fairbanks
The Alaskan food system provides an environment in which
consumers face a multitude of choices; ranging from where a
product is sourced from, to how a product was harvested, to the
possible ethical implications of purchasing one product over
another. Influencing all these consumer decisions are labels.
Emerging, niche-market food labels bring a new dynamic to the
value-laden aspect of the food system, but such labels represent
new concerns regarding food harvest/product (i.e. “no GMO”, or
“free range”) or a resurgence of interest by consumers to have a
more direct link to their food providers (i.e. local food
movements). Such labels are important because, as Howard and
Allen (2010) note, “ecolabels are available for only a small
number of criteria and a tiny percentage of all foods sold. As a
result, few consumers who wish to do so can express their
political and ethical goals for all their food purchases.” Having a
better understanding of how people perceive such labels and
politically act via purchasing and consuming such labels is
important for emerging food markets, especially for local-level
markets. Alaska’s burgeoning local-food system has been the
subject of much study Much of this is due to the increase in
consumer interest in local foods which has led to increased
participation of state departments of agriculture in promoting
branding efforts such as “Made in Alaska”. This study does hope
to view these emerging food labels through the lens of the Alaska
food system.
037. Racial Hierarchies Racial Generations
Race/Ethnicity
3:30 to 5:00 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
William Estuardo Rosales, UCLA
Participants:
Race in Citizenship, Citizenship in Race: The Case of Later
Generation Japanese Americans Dana Nakano, CSU
Stanislaus
In her presidential to the American Sociological Association,
Evelyn Nakano Glenn posed two questions to the discipline
related to her chosen conference theme, “Toward a Sociology of
Citizenship.” One, what can sociology contribute to an
understanding of citizenship? And two, what can the study of
citizenship contribute to sociological understanding? Glenn’s call
reflects a growing interest among sociologist in citizenship in
past decades. However, in building a sociology of citizenship, the
concept has become an amorphous term used to describe diverse
subject matter ranging from national legal membership to
diasporic and transnational ethnic affiliation to a sense of
belonging. The purpose of this paper is to explore the varied
manifestations of citizenship in the sociological literature with a
particular focus on the implications of race. In doing so, I hope to
provide a stronger theoretical and conceptual framework. My
preliminary analysis suggests that as race has been a means
marginalize or incorporate potential members in nation-based
forms of legal and extralegal citizenship, a broader definition of
citizenship as belonging enables scholars to examine the ways in
which individuals and groups navigate their social position both
within and outside the law and national boundaries. I will apply
this conceptual consolidation to the case of third and fourth
generation Japanese Americans in Southern California. I argue
that later generation Japanese Americans are uniquely positioned
to reveal the ways in which race continues to be implicated in the
recognition and practices of citizenship as belonging.
Racial Hierarchy and Racial Limbo: Perceptions of Deprivation
among Coloureds in Post-Apartheid South Africa Whitney N
Pirtle, University of California Merced
Racial hierarchies are systems of stratification premised upon
ideologies that assert race is real and there are dominant and
subordinate groups. Those positioned between dominant groups
and subordinate groups occupy a position of racial limbo.
Coloureds in post-apartheid South Africa are considered here an
exemplar case because their intermediate placement in the
hierarchy was clear and purposeful. The purpose of this paper is
to examine whether perceptions of coloureds in post-apartheid
South Africa reflect their intermediate, historical position in
racial limbo. I inform the examination of racial limbo using
relative deprivation theory, which makes predictions about
groups’ perceptions of disadvantage relative to another group,
and extend the theory to make predictions about coloureds, who
are simultaneously dominant and subordinate. Analyzing two
waves of the Southern African Afrobarometer (SAB), I examined
whether self-identified coloureds in post-apartheid South Africa
perceive their group as both deprived and gratified compared to
white and black South Africans, respectively. Contrary to
expectations, I found that coloureds reported the highest levels of
economic and treatment deprivation. This finding suggests that
coloureds’ position in racial limbo is not reflected by the
balancing of deprivation (relative to white South Africans) and
gratification (relative to black South Africans); rather, coloureds
perceive their position is most deprived. I consider whether
heightened perceptions of deprivation are a characteristic of the
multiple social comparisons that must be made by groups in
racial limbo.
Selectively Racialized, Selectively Politicized? Politicized
Ethnic Identity Among Second Generation Iranian
Americans Sheefteh Khalili, UC Irvine
What activates ethnic political consciousness? Many studies find
a correlation between ethnic identity and political participation,
however few studies examine the mechanisms that initially
activate ethnic political consciousness. In this study I examine
the factors that contribute to the formation of a politicized ethnic
identity, which Sears (2003) defines as both placing oneself in a
particular social category and adopting a politicized group
consciousness. Based on the results of in-depth interviews with
1.5 and second generation Iranian Americans between the ages of
20-35, I argue there are two main mechanisms that correlate with
the activation of politicized ethnic identity. The first is a personal
experience with racial discrimination, which is consistent with
the theory of reactive ethnicity. However, I extend the theory of
reactive ethnicity by focusing on how perceived discrimination
of other group members can activate a politicized identity,
particularly for group members who pass for white and do not
experience discrimination as a result. These individuals have a
reactive ethnic option which only some choose to assert. Further,
I argue that a strong connection to ones’ family immigration
narrative can politicize an individual even in the absence of a
negative personal discrimination experience. I draw upon the
words of my participants to demonstrate how in some cases, the
absence of these mechanisms leads to a non-politicized outcome.
The findings point toward a need to broaden current
understandings of identity to see what other factors lead to
politicization, and possible mobilization, among ethnic groups.
Understanding Post-Colonial Racial Regimes in Latin America
and Beyond: Toward a Conceptualization of “Hierarchical
Inclusion” Wesley Hiers, University of Pittsburgh
How do we conceptualize informal types of domination in ways
that avoid merging them with formal domination? And how do
conceptualize informal domination in ways that give proper due
to the specificity of cases while at the same time providing
concepts that are not bound to those contexts? In recent literature,
there has been a tendency to submerge the fundamental
differences between formal systems of racial domination, such as
that which prevailed in the United States until the 1960s, and the
informal systems of ethnic/racial inequality that developed in
post-colonial Latin America. One recent book, for example,
analogizes Jim Crow to the Brazilian context (Kateri Hernandez
2013), and others liken state-indigenous relations in twentieth
century Latin America to apartheid (e.g. Guerrero 2003). A
premise of this paper is that the emergence of such overdrawn
analogies stems in part from a paucity of concepts for grappling
with the complexities of race/ethnicity in Latin America. Based
on a broad reading of the secondary historical and
anthropological literature on race/ethnicity in Latin America
(particularly Mexico, Guatemala, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and
Brazil), this paper develops the concept of “hierarchical
inclusion” to capture these complexities. In brief, hierarchical
inclusion consists of a rejection of exclusionary legal regimes
(e.g. apartheid South Africa), an embrace of subordinate groups
as members of “the people”, and a retention of socio-economic
policies and/or ideologies that maintain the hierarchical relation
between groups that during the colonial era had been legally
recognized as dominants and subordinates. After developing and
applying this concept in the context of post-colonial Latin
American cases, I then more briefly suggest its applicability to
the post-1960s United States, the period that might be described
as African Americans’ “post-colonial” era. I argue that the
concept of hierarchical inclusion captures much of what others,
analyzing the US in isolation, have conceptualized as various
forms of post-Jim Crow racism.
038. Asian immigrants in the U.S.
3:30 to 5:00 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Shweta Adur, California State University Fullerton
Participants:
Re-conceptualizing Meanings of “Home”: The Emerging
Phenomenon of Repeat Migrants from India in Today’s
Globalized Economy Anjana Narayan, California State
Polytechnic University Pomona; Anthony Ocampo,
California State Polytechnic University Pomona
Despite the explosion of interest among scholars, policymakers,
and mass media on immigration, repeat migrants are a virtually
unexamined group within the existing discourse on the topic.
Sociological research has focused overwhelmingly on
international migration between home to host society, but more
recently has addressed the growing phenomenon of return
migration among immigrants and the second generation. This
research draws data from in-depth interviews with Indian repeat
migrants to examines the phenomenon of repeat migration to
understand the factors that shape the decisions of immigrants
who opt to permanently return to their adopted country after
having made the decision to go back “home”.
Taiwanese Students and Their Legacy: Coming to America,
1950-1987 Suzanne Model, UMass Amherst
Between 1955 and 1983, Taiwanese immigration went from a
trickle (377) to a flood (19,018). The earliest arrivals came on
student visas, then chose to remain after graduation. When
American immigration law liberalized, these students laid the
foundation for a mass migration. This paper describes the
economic, political and social mechanisms responsible for this
phenomenon. It explores the conditions under which studying
abroad became desirable, the strategies students used to gain
admission, their expectations regarding length of stay, and the
process through which family migration eclipsed student
migration. The primary data are 30 in-depth interviews with
migrants who arrived before 1985, and over a dozen meetings
with key informants. The conversations took place in both
Taiwan and the US. By 1987, conditions in Taiwan began to
improve in ways that, while not diminishing the demand for
study abroad, motivated growing proportions of students to
return to their homeland. Given the difference in the pre and post
1987 context, this paper focuses on the earlier period (and a
companion piece provides follow-up to the present day).
The Complexity of Asian American Wealth: The Role of
Ethnicity and Immigration in Understanding Within Group
Disparities Varisa Patraporn, California State University
Long Beach; Paul Ong, UCLA; Chhandara Pech, UCLA
Center for the Study of Inequality
By a number of traditional aggregate wealth indicators (e.g.
income, home ownership, entrepreneurship) AAs are at or near
parity with non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs). However, this
dichotomy buries some critical disparities among AAs and may
lead scholars and policymakers to dismiss an in-depth analysis of
AA wealth or to exclude AAs from asset building policies
targeting racial minorities and disadvantaged groups. We use
data from two national surveys, the 2008 Survey of Income and
Program Participation (SIPP) and the 2008-2012 Community
Survey Public Use Micro Sample (PUMS) to show the
complexity of AA wealth holdings. This paper expands on
current and past studies on AA wealth by providing a more in
depth analysis of wealth within the AA community, examining
predictors of wealth, and using more recent data. We finding that
despite higher levels of household income, AAs continue to
experience a wealth gap compared to NHWs. In addition, AAs
continue to lag behind NHWs in terms of net wealth at the
highest and lowest ends of the wealth distribution. Regression
results estimating wealth show the importance of being foreign
born and AA ethnicity. Ethnic differences remain pronounced
across all measures of wealth holdings particularly between East
and Southeast Asian groups. Findings point to the need for
policy makers and planners to target AA at the bottom quartile of
the wealth distribution and immigrants in developing asset
building policies and programs.
Discussant:
039. PSA 101: Professionalization
Panel discussion
3:30 to 5:00 pm
Session Organizer:
Tina Burdsall, Portland State University
Presider:
Panelists:
Matthew Carlson, Portland State University
Amy Lubitow, Portland State University
Ann Strahm, California State University, Stanislaus
040. Demonstration: Doing Critical and Creative Thinking in the
Classroom
Teaching Sociology
5:15 to 6:45 pm
Session Organizers:
Debra Welkley, California State University, Sacramento
Presider:
Participant:
Doing Critical and Creative Thinking in the Classroom Debra
Welkley, California State University, Sacramento; Santos
Torres, Jr., California State University, Sacramento
Our aim is to share important ideas about teaching critical and
creative thinking. This session will highlight material utilized in
a text we coauthored, Critical & Creative Thinking, with a
particular emphasis on how to incorporate the content and
techniques into any classroom. As in the organizing schema for
the text, this session will focus on 1. Characteristics and traits of
the effective critical thinker; 2. Application of the values,
knowledge and skills in applying critical and creative thinking;
and, 3. How to expose students to critical and creative thinking in
such a way as to strengthen their effective use of self in social
and professional contexts.
041. Sociology Stars Speaker Series: Michael Messner
Committee sponsored session
5:15 to 6:45 pm
The inaugural Sociology Stars Speaker Series event for the Pacific
Sociological Association conference in which a prominent sociologist is
invited to attend the meetings to discuss their most current research.
Michael Messner, USC, has been invited as our first speaker to discuss his
book, Some Men: Feminist Allies in the Movement to End Violence
Against Women. ************Note: neither Patricia Gwartney, nor Pat
Hoffman are actually in the system, so the only person I can put in as a
session organizer or presider is Linda Henderson. ************* and note
from Mike Messner upon agreeing to do the talk : "thanks Linda; happy
holidays to you too. And let me convey, in case I failed to earlier, how
much this invitation has made my day...heck, my month! Mike"
Session Organizers:
Linda Henderson, St. Mary's University College, Calgary
Patricia A Gwartney, University of Oregon
Patricia Hoffman, New Mexico State University
Presider:
Participant:
Ending Violence Against Women: Opportunities and Tensions
in Men's Work as Feminist Allies Michael Messner,
University of Southern California
042. The Global Food & Agriculture System versus Local
Identity
Food and Society
5:15 to 6:45 pm
Session Organizer:
Craig G Van Pelt, University of Oregon
Presider:
Jordan Fox Besek, University of Oregon
Participants:
Engendering the Metabolic Rift: A Feminist Political Ecology
of Agrofuels Sue Dockstader, University of Oregon
On March 9th 2007, a day after the world celebrated
International Women’s Day, 900 peasant women from Via
Campesina stormed a Cargill-owned sugar mill in the region of
Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo state. As part of a national week of
struggle dubbed Women in Defense of Food Sovereignty, the
campesinas were protesting a new energy pact between the US
and Brazil aimed at increasing the production and funding of
biofuels. The agreement between the world’s largest producers of
ethanol laid the groundwork for an international biofuel market.
Many Marxist theoreticians explain how the market contributes
to growing inequality between the North and South as well as
intensifying local inequalities. Feminist scholars examine
gendered impacts vis-à-vis the fuels. But none have advanced
critiques that accept the tenets of Marxist metabolic rift theory
while analyzing the gendered impacts of biofuels on poor
communities. My work incorporates both theoretical frameworks
and exposes the unjust practices that accompany biofuel
expansion and demonstrates how they serve to exacerbate men
and women’s poverty and other gendered patterns of exclusion.
The aim of this work is to spur a larger discussion regarding how
capitalist expansion of so-called “sustainable” technologies
interfaces with global and local gendered practices. Additionally,
I think it is important to explore narratives that counterpose
romanticized “peasant” identities against monolithic
representations of capital. I believe that such characterizations
can inadvertently serve to reinforce rather than alleviate local
oppression regimes and potentially extend the reach of neoliberal
policy rather than leading to appropriate development.
Social capital and collective identity in the local food movement
Mark R. Bauermeister, Foothill College
Social movement actors seeking alternatives to the highly
industrialized, global food system have been advocating for more
sustainable, local food systems. Many of the local food
movement strategies and initiatives to counter the conventional
practices of the industrial food system have proven successful.
Social movement researchers have documented the importance of
the roles and services social movement organizations provide for
movement constituents to realize their success, emphasizing
human and financial capital as key components for mobilizing
collective action. Researchers have also documented the value of
interorganizational networks, and the benefits of collaboration to
expand the share of resources, and perhaps more importantly
design social movement frames to direct collective action for
social change. However, what local food movement research has
yet to address are some of the potential barriers that minimize
collaboration among organizational leaders as it relates to social
capital and collective identity. This original research takes a
cross-sectional, network analysis of social movement
organizations working to increase the sustainability of the local
food system in Marin County, California, a historically
agricultural region serving a number of urban communities.
Findings from the mixed-methods research reveal evidence of
collective identity and social capital as enhancing collaboration
among particular types of organizations while reducing potential
collaboration among and between other social movement
organizations. By analyzing the collective identity and
dichotomous nature of social capital among social movement
organizations, my research contributes a clearer understanding of
the existing gaps for realizing a more sustainable local food
system.
The Stockton Farmers Market: Racialization and Sustainable
Food Systems Alison Hope Alkon, University of the Pacific;
Dena Vang, University of the Pacific
Through interviews and surveys with market farmers and
customers, it explores the social world of Stockton California’s
predominantly Southeast Asian Saturday Farmers Market,
examining why vendors and customers choose to buy and sell
their food in this venue. Given previous research on race and
alternative food systems, it is important to understand the
motivations behind support for this low-income, predominantly
Southeast Asian farmers market, as doing so can push our
understandings of sustainable food systems beyond the binaries
of alternative food/food justice movements and white/black
participants in order to begin to more finely understand the
relationships between race, culture, food and sustainability.
Interviews and surveys revealed that both vendors and customers
prioritize instrumental concerns. For customers, this means the
market’s affordability while vendors emphasize their ability to
make a living. However, both groups do also value qualities
associated with alternative food systems, including freshness,
sustainability and community. For the Southeast Asian farmers
and customers who comprise a majority at this farmers market,
these priorities are inextricable from their cultural identities and
foodways. This suggests that support for sustainable agriculture
is present in a predominantly low-income, Southeast Asian
farmers market, and is intertwined with instrumental and cultural
concerns. Leaders in the alternative foods and food justice
movements who are interested in creating more cross-racial
alliances would do well to connect with vendors and customers
in markets such as this one.
043. Graduate School: Choosing the Right One
Panel discussion
5:15 to 6:45 pm
Session Organizer:
Lora Vess, University of Alaska Southeast
Presider:
Participants:
How to Choose, Navigate, and Align your Graduate Program
with your Career Objectives Kooros Mahmoudi, Northern
Arizona University
Choosing the Right Grad School: A student perspective
Zachary Paul Davidson, University of Nevada, Reno
Power, Prestige, and Saving the World: Exploring the Different
Graduate School Options Allison L. Hurst, Oregon State
University
Strategies for Increasing Your Chances of Admission Shannon
Bell, University of Kentucky
044. Welcome and New Members Reception
Reception
6:30 to 8:30 pm
Hyatt Regency: Floor 4th - Beacon Rotunda
Session Organizer:
045. Marcia Marx Teaching with Film (tentative)
Video session
7:00 to 8:30 pm
Session Organizer:
046. PSA Committee Chairs and Editors Dinner
Event
7:30 to 9:30 pm
Offsite: Offsite
Session Organizer:
Member:
Manuel Barajas, California Statue University Sacramento
Dennis J. Downey, California State University, Channel Islands
Elizabeth Essary, Pepperdine University
Vivian Varela, Mendocino Community College
Sharon K Davis, University of La Verne
Brianne A Dávila, California State Polytechnic University,
Pomona
Liahna Gordon, California State University, Chico
Zeynep Kilic, University of Alaska Anchorage
Clayton D. Peoples, Peoples, University of Nevada, Reno
Earl Babbie, Chapman University
Dean S. Dorn, CSU Sacramento
Gary Hytrek, California State University, Long Beach
Robert Nash Parker, University of California, Riverside
Mary Virnoche, Humboldt State University
Amy Denissen, California State University, Northridge
THURSDAY, APRIL, 2
047. SWS Breakfast
Event
7:00 to 8:30 am
Session Organizers:
Shelley Jan Eriksen, California State University, Long Beach
048. PSA Council Meeting 2014-15
Committee meeting
8:30 to 10:00 am
Session Organizer:
Member:
Michelle Madsen Camacho, University of San Diego
Jocelyn Hollander, University of Oregon
Amy Leisenring, San Jose State University
Ellen R Reese, UC-Riverside
Amy J. Orr, Linfield College
Sylvanna M. Falcón, University of California, Santa Cruz
Miriam J Abelson, Portland State University
049. Developing Teaching Careers at Community Colleges
8:30 to 10:00 am
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Linda Rillorta, Mt. San Antonio College
Participant:
Developing Teaching Careers at Community Colleges Jean
Shin, American Sociological Association; James McKeever,
Los Angeles Pierce College; Rebecca Romo, Santa Monica
College; Alondo Campbell, Santa Ana College
This professional workshop is centered on the development of
full-time post-PhD teaching careers at community colleges. Not
typically discussed during graduate training, community colleges
have become a more frequent and attractive option for early
career sociologists to begin their academic careers. This is
especially true for individuals who value post-secondary teaching
and advising, but also want to connect with a variety of students
who do not begin their undergraduate studies at four-year
colleges. The panel for this workshop is comprised of several
full-time community college faculty members who consciously
chose to work at community colleges--and who can talk about
the rewards and challenges of the job.
050. Bridging the Gap: Teaching Introductory Sociology in the
21st Century
8:30 to 10:00 am
Session Organizer:
Participant:
Bridging the Gap: Teaching Introductory Sociology in the 21st
Century Rosemary Powers, Eastern Oregon University
051. Financing Higher Education: (How) Are feelings Involved?
Education—Higher Education
8:30 to 10:00 am
Session Organizer:
Megan Thiele, SJSU
Presider:
Allison L. Hurst, Oregon State University
Participants:
Making Meaning of Student Debt Matthew Baron Rotondi, UC
Riverside
Dissertation results from a multi-institutional survey (N = 1175)
and in-depth interview (N = 84) on the meanings that students
make of being in debt while in college will be presented. Survey
results suggest that the meanings that students make of their debt
is largely influenced by institutional type, students' major, and
family background. Interview results suggest that there are four
patterned cultures of debt among todays undergraduate college
students.
What Student Loan Crisis? Debt Unconcern among Elite
College Students Allison L. Hurst, Oregon State University;
Debbie Warnock, University of Louisville;
Landy Adrianaivosoa, Oregon State University
Analyzing data from a mixed methods project examining career
outcomes of liberal arts college graduates, we seek to explain the
overwhelming optimism of elite college students in the face of
mounting educational debt burdens. The paper situates this
optimism within the context of the student loan crisis and within
an analysis of the incidence and effects of debt burden among
students of varying social backgrounds. Data from the Schoolto-Work Survey provides some explanations for the class-based
optimism that emerges from interviews with college seniors.
Although liberal arts colleges are expensive, students from elite
families are much more likely to have their debts repaid by a
family member upon graduation. They are also less likely to
make decisions based on debt than their less-privileged peers.
We conclude by arguing that national averages of student debt
are misleading and deceptive. Student debt should be
reexamined in light of the different parental and family resources
available to students.
State Spending on Public Higher Education: Do the Educational
Histories of Legislators Matter? Megan Thiele, SJSU;
Kristen Shorette, State University of New York at Stony
Brook
State commitments to public higher education vary widely and
are determined in part by unique political environments. Based
on research suggesting that policy-makers’ personal
characteristics affect policy outcomes, this work addresses the
following: Do states with a larger percentage of legislators with a
public higher education degree spend more on public higher
education than do other legislatures, all other things equal? To
answer this question, this author will use a robust time-series
dataset of the educational backgrounds of state legislators.
Currently, there are 7,383 state legislators. In 2005, I compiled
the first wave of this database, which included the educational
backgrounds of 6,517 state legislators. This fall 2014, I am
guiding the collection of the second wave of data. Findings from
this research will evaluate the extent to which legislators
advocate for spending based on their own demographic profiles.
#Bonusgate: Tactical Framing Against the Corporatization of
Higher Education Sine Anahita, University of Alaska
Fairbanks
In summer 2014, the University of Alaska system announced it
was in budgetary crisis. Plans were made to furlough staff, freeze
hiring, cancel classes, cut programs, slash travel funding,
increase student fees, and other austerity measures. In total, the
budget gap was projected to be $26M. Then, in early summer,
the University of Alaska Board of Regents (BoR) announced it
was giving the UA President a $320K bonus as part of its
strategy to corporatize the university system. The proposed
presentation describes how a small group utilized tactical framing
and other ideas from social movement theory to successfully
overturn the bonus and to make other social movement gains.
Drowning instead of dreaming: Women's narratives of
education and debt Angela Johanna Ostrikoff, York
University
University students in Canada are incurring more debt than ever
before. Some have referred to modern post-secondary and
graduate education as a 'debt sentence' due to the rising costs of
living, student loan interest rates and increasing tuition fees
causing education to become more and more unattainable. I wish
to explore the ways that women from low-income and working
class families experience this burden of debt as they attempt to
juggle the realities of their lives and higher education. Often the
voices of marginalized voices are not heard and so with this
research project, my aim will be to make space for these voices.
052. A Sociological Look at Mental Health
8:30 to 10:00 am
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Ariana Maris-Bestard Lamb, University of La Verne
Participants:
Gender Stratification and Socioeconomic Gradient in Mental
Health in Vietnam Ha Ngoc Trinh, University of Utah
Mental health problems, including depressive disorder of
depression, sadness, anxiety, and worrisome, and substance
disorder of alcohol and drug abuse, cause major adverse effects
on health and wellbeing. Mental health under the cause of social
factors such as gender and socioeconomic status have been
widely studied in developed countries, however, developing
nations share limited knowledge on such matter. This present
paper employs the World Health Survey 2003 to examine gender
stratification and socioeconomic gradient in mental health in
Vietnam, a developing country recently characterized with
remarkable economic growth and rapid social transformation in
the market economy. Ordinary least squared and logistic
regression results indicated that similar to mental health
problems in developed nations, the pathways linking gender and
mental health for women was “internalizing” meaning that
women freely express their feelings, thus, leading to higher
depressive disorder seen for Vietnamese women. Unlike women,
Vietnamese men’s pathway to mental health was “externalizing”
through abusive behaviors of alcohol abuse which also resembled
men’s mental health in developed countries. One significant
finding contradicted with the stress hierarchy model confirming
that the role of employer in the new market economy inherited
with more adverse mental health than being unemployed for both
genders. The results also pointed to the direction that although
new roles are emerging, the persistence of traditional
expectations of “bread-winner” heavily affects Vietnamese men,
making them more stressful and dependent on alcohol when
being unemployed than their female counterparts.
Variations of Men's Mental Wellbeing based on Caregiver
Status, Education, and Gender Ideology Emily Jones,
University of Kansas
The question driving this research is, do men vary in their mental
health well-being based on education, care-giving status, and
gender ideology? Social constructions of masculinity and
femininity as well as the social roles tied to each gender
performance may lead to variation of mental well being among
men with different education levels, among men with either
traditional or eqalitarian gender ideologies, or based on caregiver status, which is a traditionally female dominated role. I
seek to understand how the changing gender relations and social
gender roles in U.S. society may affect the mental well-being of
men in these ways.
The Impact of Commuting on Mental Health John Malek-
Ahmadi, College of Western Idaho
The purpose of this research is to explicate the relationship
between commuting behavior and mental health outcomes. The
researcher expects that individuals who spend more time
commuting will experience higher levels of stress and
detrimental mental health problems as a consequence. Each
individual experiences and confronts stressful situations
differently. Of importance in this particular context is the mode
of transportation utilized. Specifically, driving alone in a car will
likely be more stressful than riding on a subway, bus, or train.
Moreover, being physically active, such as walking or biking to
work, may reduce overall stress levels. There is an established
link between exercise, the production of endorphins, and better
mental health outcomes. Americans continue to reside on the
fringes of major metropolitan areas, and levels of depression and
other mental disorders are increasing. Accordingly, research in
this area is important.
The Effect of Traumatic Brain Injuries on Aggression and
Suicide Ariana Maris-Bestard Lamb, University of La
Verne; Sharon K Davis, University of La Verne
This exploratory study investigates the relationship between
traumatic brain injuries and symptoms of aggression and suicidal
ideation or self-harm. Its focus is on 300 college student’s
experiences with a traumatic brain injury and whether or not they
have post-injury aggression and/or suicidal ideations, which may
ultimately get them into trouble with the law. It suggests that
individuals who have sustained a head injury are more likely to
develop aggression and suicidal ideation or even self-harming
behaviors. Previous findings show that individuals who have
been adjudicated and incarcerated have an 87% head injury rate,
whereas the general population has an eight percent injury rate.
With the increase in contact sports being played, estimates are
that around 32% of all athletes who participate in contact sports
have sustained a single head injury at some time, while 13% of
them have sustained multiple head injuries. This study was
influenced by Fleminger (2010) who identified areas of the brain
most vulnerable to injury, and how these areas can develop
physiological abnormalities, which cause psychological problems
in areas of the brain, which are involved in social function and
decision-making. Many other studies have indicated connections
between traumatic head injuries and irritability, aggression,
hopelessness, depression and even suicide. Methodologically,
this study was conducted using self-reported survey data from
400 college students at a suburban university. They identified
themselves as either having or not having sustained a head injury
in their lifetime. All participants then went on to disclose their
aggression and suicidality levels through various assessments.
The inclusion of qualitative data allowed respondents to explain
the circumstances in which their head injury occurred, which
previous studies indicate events leading to head injuries are often
events which could lead to incarceration, as well. Findings are
anticipated to suggest that individuals who sustain multiple
traumatic brain injuries will exhibit higher levels of aggression
and suicidal ideation than individuals with a single head injury.
This study also anticipates finding that individuals with a more
recent head injury will exhibit more severe forms of aggression
or suicidality. It concludes that better preventative and
intervention models of treatment are needed for individuals at
higher risk for sustaining head injuries to aid in lessening the
severity and longevity of post-injury aggression and suicidal
ideation or self-harming behaviors.
053. Economics, Criminalization and Social Control
Race/Ethnicity
8:30 to 10:00 am
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Participants:
Perceived Immigrant Job Competition and Volunteerism Frank
L. Samson, University of Miami
The present study contributes to research on diversity and civic
engagement by examining the connection between perceived
immigrant job competition and subsequent changes in
volunteering behavior. Drawing on insights from group position
theory, its normative dimensions, and its application to
neighborhood segregation and race-of-neighbor preferences, I
use panel data from the Portraits of American Life Study to test
the association between perceptions of immigrant job
competition in 2006 (Wave 1) and volunteering in 2012 (Wave
2), controlling for volunteering at Wave 1 and additional
covariates. Results from logistic regressions indicate that
perceptions of immigrant job competition in 2006 are associated
with changes in whites’ volunteer behavior between 2006 and
2012. This social psychological effect persists even when
contextual factors such as percent foreign born and Gini
inequality at the county level are introduced. Furthermore, data
do not present clear and consistent relationships for volunteerism
among non-whites, suggesting a need for further study.
Uplift, Child Saving, and Citizenship: Racial Politics and
Governance at Hampton Institute, 1880-1912 Sarah Fong,
USC
This paper addresses the intersection of racial formation and
governmentality at the Hampton Institute in Virginia. Paying
particular attention to the presence of both African American and
indigenous students in the school between 1880 and 1912, I
consider the ways in which discourses of racial uplift, child
saving, and citizenship operate to establish racial meanings and
social control. Following Avery Gordon's turn towards
considering those “specters or ghosts” which “haunt” our present
day, I trace the discursive and material trajectory of the practice
of child removal. Located within the subfield of historical
sociology, this project considers the continuities between social
institutions and social process of the Progressive era and our
present day. I analyze the discourses of race and governance
through the writing of Hampton school administrators. How is
the discourse of child protection mobilized as a tool of
governance? Given the disproportionate representation of African
American and indigenous youth in today's foster care system,
how do we understand the role of race in practices of child
removal? Ultimately, this case study will be put into conversation
with contemporary debates regarding the functions and priorities
of the foster care system. I conclude that the specters of racial
formation and governmentality present at the Hampton Institute
continue to haunt contemporary foster care practices.
Emancipation, Politics and Racial Identity in Early
Reconstruction New Orleans Stacy K. McGoldrick, Cal Poly
Pomona; Sophia Pedroza, Cal Poly Pomona
This paper details the changing legal and political fates of
African Americans during the immediate post-War years. So
called "Creoles of Color" and freed slaves now found themselves
to be the same legal status and to have a even greater shared fate.
Further, despite popular characterizations of competition and
hostilities between the groups, the reality was, predictably, much
more complex and involved deployment of complicated political
strategies.
054. Representation and Performance
Gender
8:30 to 10:00 am
Session Organizer:
Marie Sarita Gaytan, University of Utah
Presider:
Catherine Bolzendahl, University of California, Irvine
Participants:
Breastfeeding as Maternal Performativity: Interpreting
Interactions with the Male Gaze JaDee Y. Carathers,
Recent studies have approached the problem of low breastfeeding
rates by suggesting the need to evaluate and inform male
partner’s attitudes and understandings about breastfeeding. These
studies suggest that a male partner’s stated, or even perceived,
attitudes on breastfeeding may impact a mother’s decision to
breastfeed, her success after initiation, and the duration she
chooses to breastfeed. What this emerging research fails to
address is why men play such a significant role in the
breastfeeding experience. Utilizing a standpoint epistemology
and in-depth interviews to give voice to 17 breastfeeding women,
I explore the ways in which breastfeeding “troubles” the
performance of gender. Findings indicate that breastfeeding
interferes with the sexuality of women’s breasts by purposing
them in the service of a child instead of a partner, by inhibiting
sexual access to the mother’s body, by altering the physical
appearance of her breasts, and by offering an intimately
satisfying experience to the woman outside of the man’s
participation. I contend that the “male gaze” is a mechanism for
controlling cultural images of women’s bodies, clearly separating
sexualized (i.e., desirable) breasts from maternal breasts (i.e.,
desexualized). The power of these competing scripts is realized
when women internalize them; for instance, choosing not to
breastfeed because they feel it may inhibit/disrupt their sexuality.
Furthermore, the male gaze impacts the personal dynamics of
breastfeeding partnerships when women regulate their behavior
and evaluate their bodies as a reaction to the needs, desires, and
opinions of their partners.
From Stigma to Feminization: Transition of Modern Yoga in
Japan Keiko Irie, Kyoto University
Modern yoga in Japan specializes in certain factors after having
experienced three booms in its popularity, including the
tendencies of feminization, consumer culture, fashion, medicine,
and spirituality. Specifically, feminization is an outstanding
characteristic of yoga in Japan as some yoga studios will only
permit females to participate. On the other hand, yoga in Japan
excludes a religious and/or philosophical element, which is
present in yoga practice in other countries. As such, this paper
examines how Japanese yoga has been feminized through the
elimination of religious factors. For this purpose, this study
analyzed narratives of “yogi” and “yogini” in Japan from
interviews I conducted with adults who own yoga studios and
who practice yoga. At the same time, the article, autobiographies,
and data from the fieldwork will be referenced. This study found
that incidents of religious cults in Japan once damaged the whole
yoga community so severely that most yoga studios were banned
as a result. One yogi decided to focus on the female population in
order to eradicate the stigma attached to yoga, and the social
background of “spiritual culture” and “consumer culture”
assisted in his arbitrary decision. Finally, the images and the way
that yoga is “consumed” in Japan reflect the gender norms of
today. Modern yoga in Japan places importance on
“healing/relaxing” for beauty, and never mentions enhancing
sexual ability like in other countries.
Minutewomen, Victims, or Parasites: The Discursive
Construction of Women by Nativist Movements Kristin
Haltinner, University of Idaho
This research examines the performance and discursive
production of women in nativist militias, using the case study of
the Minuteman Civil Defense Corps. It finds that the perception
of women is complex and shaped by competing discourses:
(white) women within the organization are able to bend some
traditional gender roles while those outside the MCDC are
constructed as victims in need of (white, male) protection.
Migrant women are concurrently produced as both victims of
migrant male sexuality and parasites on U.S. society. As a result
of these paradoxes, the social and discursive construction of the
intersecting categories of women and citizen/migrant becomes
more complex. Women’s demands for agency, their political
drives, and their intentions drive their discursive production.
South Sea Mermaids: A study of images of vahine and
mermaiders Anaïs Pedica, University of York
Visual manifestations of Polynesia depict the region as ‘paradise’
and have been ripe with myths, particularly concerning
Polynesian women. The term ‘South sea mermaids’ is a play on
words that merges the concept of the South sea maiden with the
mythic fish-women. The South sea maiden represents one of the
terms used to characterise sexualised representations of
Polynesian women. In this paper I explore Western visual
representations of mermaids and Polynesian women. Mermaids
have survived history more than any other mythical creature and
are still featured in popular culture today. The paper exposes the
historical relationship between myths, mermaids, goddesses and
Polynesian women since European navigators’ first encounters
with Pacific islands. I analyse predominantly contemporary
photographs of mermaiders and Tahitian South sea maidens but
also classical and contemporary paintings and illustrations, their
mise-en-scène, and the representation of bodies from a literal and
symbolic point of view. I discover common patterns and
resemblances between these images, specifically in the
eroticisation and exoticisation of places and bodies. Then, I
suggest that these images are informed by Jung’s concept of the
‘collective unconscious’ and represent projections of the
archetype of the Goddess, the essence of the Divine Feminine.
The Gendering of Emotional Flexibility: Why Angry Women
Are Both Admired and Devalued in Debt Settlement Firms
Zaibu Nissa Tufail, University of California, Irvine;
Francesca Polletta, University of California, Irvine
Research on emotional labor has consistently shown that
women’s jobs require suppressing anger. But in the debt
settlement firms we studied, the women who negotiated with
creditors were expected to express anger. We show that what
made their anger acceptable was that it was preceded and
followed by positive emotions. Women were praised for their
ability to rapidly shift from anger to warmth and back to anger
again. But this ability to shift emotional registers was also seen
by employers and co-workers as a function of women’s natural
emotional plasticity, and was contrasted unfavorably with men’s
emotional consistency. What was gendered was not an emotion
but an emotional pattern, with the consequence that women’s
emotional labor was simultaneously valued and devalued.
055. Imbedded Academics - Participant/Observation Studies of
Social Movements
Social Movements and Social Change
8:30 to 10:00 am
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Birgan Gokmenoglu, University of Southern California
Participants:
Aftermath of the Gezi Movement: Global Connections and
Local Activism Birgan Gokmenoglu, University of Southern
California
This study analyzes the aftermath of the 2013 Gezi Movement in
Turkey by looking at the emerging squatter movement and places
it in a broader historical and cultural context. The study critiques
the wholesale usage of the New Social Movements framework of
the 1970s and 80s in interpreting the Movement and subsequent
forms of activism in Turkey while engaging with more recent
alter-activism literature. The research questions informing this
study are: in the post-Gezi civic sphere, who continues to be
politically active? how did the earlier Gezi Movement serve to
facilitate the decision to use squatting as a continuation of the
Movement? what is the squats’ relation to past and present squats
abroad? The proposed data is based on four months of participant
observation conducted from May through August 2014 at the
first two squats in Turkey along with ongoing complementary indepth interviews with the squatters. This study explains the
emergence and form of organization of the squats based on
squatters’ past political engagement and their experience of the
Gezi Movement. Preliminary findings show that the squatters'
past experiences in leftist groups and the Gezi Movement's global
connections created and shaped the processes through which the
squats govern themselves.
Hungry For Change: A Case Study of Food Not Bombs in
Portland, OR Trent Saari, Portland State University
The implementation of neoliberal political and economic policies
has resulted in deregulation, privatization and withdrawals in
state funding. However, understanding how social movements
resist market reliance and fill the gap that is created in the
provisioning of social goods remains unclear. This study explores
how social movements attempt to fill this gap by focusing on the
case of Portland Food Not Bombs, which engages in direct action
by serving free meals comprised of reclaimed food to the houseless population in visible public spaces. Specifically, this project
draws upon ethnographic fieldwork and interviews looking at
how individuals' understand their participation within Portland
Food Not Bombs as opposing capitalist market-based distributive
processes and bureaucratic organizational structure. By
integrating opposing cultural values and social relations into its
organizational structure and activities, Portland Food Not Bombs
radically alters market based distributive processes and social
relations. Initial findings from in-depth interviews of individuals
within Portland Food Not Bombs indicate that they understand
non-hierarchical organizational structure as facilitating
empowerment, while the manipulation of public space is
understood as being an integral component in the process of
building solidarity with one of society's most marginalized
populations. Despite the increased focus on recent social
movements such as Occupy, non-hierarchical social movements
are generally an understudied phenomenon. The findings of this
paper contribute to the existing literature with a specific case of a
new social movement, and provide insight into the challenges
non-hierarchical social movements face in their day to day
operation within the public sphere.
The Invention of the 99 Percent: New Evidence on the Origins
and Development of a Social Imaginary Michael A. GouldWartofsky, New York University
Much of the literature on the Occupy phenomenon has treated the
object of analysis as if it were no more than the sum of its
squares. In this paper, I argue that this phenomenon was
predicated, not only on the occupation of urban spaces, but also
on the making and mobilization of the “99 Percent” imaginary as
a mode of social and political practice. How did participants in
Occupy conceive of the “99 Percent”? How did they mobilize
this category of practice, in practice? Further, how did the
occupiers deal with the many differences within the “99 Percent,”
i.e., the divergent interests, identities, motivations, and
aspirations among those who took up its banner? While
quantitative surveys have yielded some intriguing results, we
have seen surprisingly little qualitative data. This paper presents
original findings on the politics of the 99 Percent, derived from
eighty in-depth interviews, archival analysis, and one year of
participant observation. For my respondents, the 99 Percent was
no ready-made category of the real, but an imaginary they sought
to make real, through the constitution of solidarities among an
ensemble of otherwise heterogeneous interests and identities.
Yet the 99 Percenters found these solidarities tested by very real
disparities of power, time, and resources, e.g., between white and
nonwhite Americans, union workers and student debtors,
homeowners and homeless itinerants, citizens and undocumented
immigrants. I argue that the disjuncture between the social
imaginary and the social reality of the movement rendered the 99
Percent coalition internally unstable and ultimately
unsustainable.
056. Political Sociology: Citizenship, Migration, and City Politics
Politics and the State (Political Sociology)
8:30 to 10:00 am
Session Organizer:
Carl Stempel, CSU East Bay
Participants:
Citizenship Norms: Perspectives of Citizens and Non-Citizens
jim d. Faught, loyola marymount university
The conventional understanding of citizenship increasingly has
been challenged in good part as a consequence of immigration
and the processes of globalization. As a result of these forces of
change demands have been placed on state structures that bring
into question their ability to meet the expectations of both citizen
and non-citizen populations. Indeed, state official and residents
alike find themselves embattled over the ability of the state to
deliver resources seen as vital to enhancing life chances. The
paper that I am now researching will explore similar aspects of
citizenship that have been previously examined by Bolzendahl
and Coffe (2009). Relying on T.H. Marshall’s distinction
between civic, political, and social citizenship, Bolzendahl and
Coffe used the results of the 2004 Citizenship module of the
International Social Survey Program to assess the impact of
gender on public conceptions of citizenship. By contrast I will
analyze a subset of the 2012 General Social Survey that will
include those (N=267) that were asked whether or not they are
U.S. citizens. A comparison of citizens and non-citizens will
contribute to our knowledge of the extent to which non-citizens
resemble citizens in their relative expectations about civil,
political, and social citizenship rights and responsibilities.
Additionally the results of the study will provide some insight
into the relative importance of the three types of citizenship for
both citizens and non-citizens alike.
Beyond Trafficking: People, Place and the Right of Locomotion
Julia O'Connell Davidson, University of Nottingham, UK
‘Human trafficking’ is widely compared to the transatlantic slave
trade, an association that is used to legitimate the exercise of state
power to prevent people from moving from place to place. The
comparison glosses over the fact that Africans transported to the
New World as chattel slaves had no desire to move there - it
required overwhelming physical force to move them. Those who
today are described as Victims of Trafficking almost invariably
wanted to move, evidenced, among other things, by the fact they
have been willing to indebt themselves to travel. This paper
argues that historical parallels can more usefully be drawn
between aspects of contemporary migration and the movement of
people who escaped from transatlantic slavery. The continuities
arise from the correspondence between structures and
mechanisms set in place by slave states historically and those
employed by states today to control and manage the mobility of
groups deemed to be outsiders and subpersons. The legal edifice
that today controls mobility was no more designed to protect
human rights, and is no more compatible with that ambition, than
was that constructed by colonial and slave states historically.
These continuities draw attention to the continuing relevance of
demands articulated by fugitive slaves in the nineteenth century
for a ‘right of locomotion’.
Local Financial Crisis and the Democratic Process: A Case
Study of Michigan's Emergency Manager Law Heather
Harper, UC San Diego
The nation’s turn into the 21st century has witnessed an influx of
local financial crises. Several state governments have enacted
legislation in response; this research investigates one such
legislative course of action—Michigan’s Public Act (PA) 436
and its predecessor, PA 4, both commonly referred to as the
Emergency Manager (EM) Law— and its impact on the
democratic process in three affected cities: Hamtramck, Pontiac
and Detroit. A detailed case study of these legislative acts and
their effects revealed both convergent and divergent impacts on
the local democratic process: in all three cases emergency
management was found to lead to the loss of control of the
agenda for both local representatives and residents, the reduction
in the sharing of information by the EM, a diminishment of
access to decision-makers (the respective EMs in each city), and
the reduction in the relative voting power of both residents and
elected leaders. Alternatively, the impact upon Detroit’s
democratic process was found to a lesser extent than Hamtramck
and Pontiac, especially in terms of the greater degree of
inclusion, participation and control of the agenda available to
Detroit elected officials (most notably, the newly elected mayor,
Mike Duggan).
057. Committee on Community Colleges
Committee meeting
10:15 to 11:45 am
Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Harbor A
Session Organizer:
Member:
April Cubbage-Vega, Saddleback Community College
Marie Butler, Oxnard College
Elizabeth Bennett, Central New Mexico Community College
Jacquelynne Logg, Foothill Community College/SJSU
Daniel Poole, University of Utah
058. Membership Committee
Committee meeting
10:15 to 11:45 am
Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Harbor B
Session Organizer:
Member:
Linda Kim, Arizona State University
Jeffrey David Montez de Oca, University of Colorado Colorado
Springs
Melanie Arthur, University of Alaska
Kassia Wosick, New Mexico State University
059. Committee on Committees
Committee meeting
10:15 to 11:45 am
Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Harbor C
Session Organizer:
Member:
Liahna Gordon, California State University, Chico
Dennis Loo, Cal Poly Pomona
Pomona
Todd Migliaccio, CSUS
G. Reginald Daniel, University of California, Santa Barbara
Michelle Inderbitzin, Oregon State University
Ynez Wilson Hirst, Saint Mary's College
Marisol Clark-Ibáñez, CSU San Marcos
060. Instructional Methods Centered on Student Voices and
Experiences
Teaching Sociology
Paper Session
10:15 to 11:45 am
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Participants:
Faculty-led study abroad: Reflections on students’ crosscultural engagement Yvonne M Luna, Northern Arizona
University; Anne M. Medill, Northern Arizona University
During the previous five summers, we have led five study abroad
programs in Spain (four programs) and Costa Rica (one program)
with a total of 50 undergraduate students. Students in these
programs successfully completed sociology and social work
courses. As experienced study abroad faculty, our interactions
with students, assessments in our classes, and our reflections
thereof reveal their difficulties with and our strategies for
effective cross-cultural engagement. This pedagogical format is
multidimensional. Students are immersed in the everyday
lifestyle of a foreign culture, participate in coordinated group
cultural excursions, and are required to engage in the traditional
classroom environment. These strategies prove effective for
helping students negotiate new and different cultures and
enhance their self-awareness as global citizens.
Storytelling as a High Impact Learning Practice: Nurturing the
First Gen Working Class Sociological Imagination Ann
Strahm, California State University, Stanislaus
The Great Central Valley of California is home to numerous
cultures, the intersections of which increasingly impact and
(re)define the dynamic of the region. California State University,
Stanislaus serves a diverse student population, and as such, has
received grants to explore and implement a variety of high
impact practices, including the one used as the basis for this
study. The typical sociology major is a first-generation workingclass Latina who works and has significant familial care duties.
It is this person whom I have come to understand gains
significant value from storytelling, a high impact learning
practice. This discussion will center around my upper division
core required course, Social Inequalities, where students are
encouraged to explore their lives and their communities through
a variety of standpoints – linking social expectation and
structural disparities to self-actualization. They delve into their
individual and shared histories and experiences. Using their
sociological imaginations, they examine their communities,
reflect on their lives, and then share that knowledge with others
through the autoethnographies they write and present to the class.
This high-impact practice nurtures intellectual and personal
growth and provides tools for the development of Bourdieusian
capitals in underserved and marginalized students.
What are Our Students Teaching Us? Reflections on Theatre as
a Pedagogy to Facilitate “Conversations that Matter” Cesar
Rodriguez, California State University San Marcos
Ostensibly a democratic country, conversations that matter are
left wanting within US society. Students in higher education may
appear uninformed and/or unwilling to discuss certain issues.
Mainstream media coverage of key issues is partial. Furthermore,
academics and public figures face blowback for their public
stances on controversial issues. Yet, while conversations on
controversial issues - such as misogyny, nationalism, and
racialization–cum-criminalization - are avoided, they require
serious consideration as they reproduce inequality. In such a
context, CSUSM Theatre Professor Marcos Martinez and six
students created a student production, titled “Risking Our
Forbidden Narratives”. A collectively produced performance,
students used their creative license to produce their own skits in
which they break taboos, discuss, and take stances on
controversial issues ranging from sexuality and intimacy to
racism and patriarchy. This paper examines what our students
can teach us through the use of theater as a form of public
pedagogy. In this production, students demonstrated the
operation, manifestation, and contestation of systems that link
power with difference. By way of operation, students
demonstrate a series of ideological “cloaks” that masquerade and
otherwise facilitate the reproduction of inequality - cloaks such
as “good intentions”, criminalization, the sacred, and pleas of
innocence (i.e. “colorblindness”). In terms of manifestation,
students demonstrate the variety of ways these systems are
manifest in quotidian life - from micro-aggressions to outright
verbal conflicts. Finally, this paper examines how students model
the contestation of these systems, by reclaiming their bodies,
desires, and futures.
061. Applying Research beyond the Academy
Panel discussion
10:15 to 11:45 am
Session Organizer:
Sarah Thebaud, University of California, Santa Barbara
Presider:
Participants:
Using Your Research to Engage in the Policy or Legal
Conversation: Tips for Writing Policy Briefs and Being an
Expert Witness Sheila M Katz, Sociology Department,
University of Houston
Translating and Disseminating Scholarly Research through
OpEds and Blogs Lindsey Trimble O'Connor, CSU Channel
Islands
Public Sociology and Creative Non-Fiction: A Tenable
Working Relationship? Shelley Pacholok, The University of
British Columbia Okanagan
Public Sociology in Marginalized Communities Victor Rios,
University of California, Santa Barbara
062. Higher Education: Graduate Students' Negotiating
Transitions and Statuses
10:15 to 11:45 am
Session Organizer:
Megan Thiele, SJSU
Presider:
Peter Collier, Portland State University
Participants:
Assessing the Effects of Racial Climates on Mental Health
Among Black Women in Doctoral Programs Karina
Havrilla, University of Maryland, College Park
Pursuing a doctorate degree in any given field is challenging.
Students are faced with pressures of the graduation “time clock,”
financial constraints (e.g. lack of graduate assistantships and
student loans), and establishing a strong teaching portfolio or
research record necessary for the job market. Graduate students
of color are dealing with the added issues of negative racial
climates, microaggressions, and lack of support from faculty and
peers. These pressures can have detrimental affects on the
mental health of graduate students of color, and ultimately can
impact retention of these students. Mental health research on
graduate students is under researched. Much of the literature on
graduate students and mental health focuses on the effects on
international students (see Hyun, Quinn, Madon, & Lustig, 2007;
Hyun, Quinn, Madon, & Lustig, 2006), undergraduate students
(see Eisenberg, Downs, Golberstein, & Zivin, 2009; Eisenberg,
Gollust, Golberstein, & Hefner, 2007) and around access to
mental health services for faculty and students of color in higher
education settings (see Waitzkin, Yager, Parker, & Duran, 2006).
Additionally, the mental health of graduate students is receiving
attention in mainstream educational outlets (e.g. The Chronicle
of Higher Education and Inside Higher Ed). However, the
academic literature does not assess how higher education
institutions, as social structures, affect individual mental health
outcomes. This paper will use Critical Race Theory to assess how
racial climates of graduate physics programs affects the mental
health of Black women pursuing doctoral degrees in physics.
International Student Status and Post Graduate Success Karin
A. Johnson, University of California, Riverside
This pilot study proposes to examine the trajectory and relative
success of international graduate students after graduating and
entering the global labor force. In cooperation with the
University of California, Riverside, the study will use secondary
demographic data analysis from the International Student
Resource Center, Grad Division, and the Career Center.
Negotiating Inclusion: Women of color’s resistance strategies in
doctoral education Kelly Marie Ward, University of
California Irvine
This study explores the range of strategies women of color use as
they are socialized into academia. Previous research has
identified the institutional and societal barriers women and
people of color face as they navigate the educational pipeline to
doctoral education, and their challenges with doctoral
socialization. However, there is little sociological research that
documents the range of strategies, including patterns of
resistance these students employ in response to barriers.
Traditional socialization frameworks describing the process of
becoming a professor may fail to capture the complexity of what
marginalized groups experience as they become professors. This
may be particularly true for women of color who in addition to
navigating the challenging process of becoming a scholar must
also negotiate inclusion into institutional settings controlled by a
culture dominated by white and masculine perspectives. Theories
of resistance originally applied to compulsory education and
legal authority may be useful in examining how these students
interact with institutions as they become professors. Specifically,
acts of "everyday resistance" (Ewick & Silbey, 2003) may be a
useful analytical tool for better understanding women of color's
strategies. Preliminary findings suggest that the strategies women
of color employ are highly contextual.
The Alphabet of Role Mastery: Examples from a Study of
McNair Scholars’ transitions to graduate school Cristina
Restad, Portland State University; Peter Collier, Portland
State University
Role mastery is a multi-dimensional concept involving more
complete knowledge of the steps in successful role enactment
(i.e. breadth), increased sophistication of knowledge about
specific role enactment elements (i.e. depth), and increased
knowledge that different versions of the same role exist (i.e.
differentiated role mastery). This paper introduces the alphabet
model as a three dimensional conceptualization of how role
mastery develops. The 26 letters of the alphabet capture the
breadth of role knowledge. Differences in depth and
sophistication of role knowledge are represented by between one
to three “X’s” assigned to each letter in the alphabet.
Differentiated role mastery is captured by the use of upper and
lower case alphabets. Higher levels of role mastery have been
associated with greater chances of successfully recognizing and
responding to professors’ expectations and subsequent academic
success. As undergraduates approach graduation, they possess a
breadth of student role mastery because they’ll have completed
all/ most of the steps in the undergraduate alphabet. But just
completing these steps doesn’t necessarily mean students can
maximize the outcomes that are possible with complete
undergraduate role alphabet knowledge. Increased depth and
sophistication of knowledge associated with later UG role
alphabet steps are necessary for graduate program acceptance.
Even after graduate program acceptance, students’ lack of
differentiated role mastery may lead to graduate school problems.
To illustrate this model and how it can be used to understand
differences in college student success we use examples from an
interview study of McNair students’ transitions into and within
graduate school.
Graduating From the Classroom to the Classified Ads: How
College Grads Find Their Jobs Valerie Adrian, Washington
State University
Researchers know that social networks are effective and
beneficial for job seekers (Granovetter 1995, Mardsen and
Gorman 2001, Royster 2003). However, many college graduates
may have difficulty finding a network contact to vouch for them
since college graduates tend to have minimal job experience, and
people cultivate network contacts at their jobs (Granovetter
1995). Working-class students are more likely to turn to the less
effective, more formal job seeking strategies such as their
school’s career center and career fairs (Smith 2005, Royster
2003, Rivera 2012). Meanwhile, middle-class students may have
better luck with the more effective informal networks, such as
professor referrals and parents’ contacts. In this presentation, I
will present preliminary findings from a survey of recent college
graduates, as well as findings from interviews of parents who
have children who have recently graduated from college. My
findings will explore how recent college graduates are getting
career-track jobs; what networks they are using, whether their
parents are helping with the job search, and how student
strategies differ by social class. I will also explain the roles and
motivations parents have in the graduates’ job search.
063. Experiencing Illness and Trauma
10:15 to 11:45 am
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Janet L Armentor, California State University, Bakerfield
Participants:
Living with a Stigmatized Illness: Experiences of Managing
Relationships among Women with Fibromyalgia Janet L
Armentor, California State University, Bakerfield
This article focuses on understanding the negotiation of
relationships among women living with the chronic illness
Fibromyalgia. The illness is seen as contested and invisible since
a diagnosis is based on criteria rather than objective measures
and symptoms are not readily visible to others. Twenty in-depth,
semi-structured interviews were conducted with women
diagnosed with Fibromyalgia. Following the approach of
grounded theory, interviews were conducted with minimal
theoretical guidance and focused on individuals’ experiences
with doctors and other medical practitioners, family members,
friends, employers and coworkers. More specifically, the
interviews explored the beneficial and troublesome aspects of
their relationships and sources of support. The analysis
emphasized participants’ approaches to communicating with
others about their illness, the reactions of others to their illness
experiences, and their approaches to managing stigma. Findings
indicate that living with Fibromyalgia made it difficult for
participants to maintain their pre-illness social relationships and
social roles. Participants attempted to describe their illness
experience to others through direct and educational approaches.
Often, in the management of their relationships with close family
and friends, there was an unspoken awareness of the illness
effects and social support was offered. However, disbelief and a
lack of understanding often led participants to avoid social
interactions with others in attempt to hide from the stigma
associated with an invisible illness.
Rhetoric of Betrayal: Military Sexual Trauma and the Reported
Experiences of Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation
Iraqi Freedom Women Veterans Sarah Aktepy, Portland
State University
The primary objective of this pilot study was to understand the
military experiences of OEF/OIF women veterans. Eight women
veterans described accounts of sexual harassment and sexual
assault, also known in the Veteran Health Administration (VHA)
context as Military Sexual Trauma (MST). The prevalence and
dialogue of MST both explicitly and implicitly throughout all the
interviews justified examining MST on its own. As an alternative
to tracking new cases of MST, this thesis provides an
examination of the rhetoric of betrayal and suggests that
objective knowledge of MST does not exist apart from such
social conditions and one’s interpretations of them. Betrayal
emerged as the way in which women veterans understood and
made meaning of their MST experiences during the claimsmaking process. Women veterans incorporated strategies to
manage the sexual harassment and sexual assault they
experienced while in the military environment, since reporting
MST was actively discouraged. Findings from this study suggest
that the way we approach and understand MST as a social
problem needs to be reconsidered and further examined.
Sexual Minority Identity and Sleep Problems among Adults in
the United States Elbert P. Almazan, Central Michigan
University
Objective: Exposure to stressors can lead to sleep problems.
Considering that sexual minorities experience many stressors
because of their sexual orientation, sexual minorities may report
more sleep problems than heterosexuals. In this study, I
examined whether sexual minority identity is associated with
sleep problems among young adults in the United States.
Method: I analyzed data from the 2013 National Health Interview
Survey. I used logistic regression models in the analysis. Results:
Sexual minority adults reported greater odds for having trouble
falling sleep, staying asleep during the night, and waking up well
rested after sleep compared to heterosexual adults. Conclusions:
Sexual minority identity is associated with sleep problems among
adults. Future research should identify stressors that place sexual
minority adults at greater risk for sleep problems than
heterosexual adults.
064. Crime and Delinquency I
10:15 to 11:45 am
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Anthony Vega, Washington State University
Participants:
Desistance From Crime in Adolescence Nick McRee, University
of Portland
A substantial minority of youths diverge from a general trend
toward increasing delinquency during adolescence. This study
examines data from the National Longitudinal Study of
Adolescent Health to identify characteristics associated with
significant reductions in delinquent conduct over time.
Grievous Angels: A Preliminary Study of the Relationship
Between Adverse Childhood Exeriences and Involvement in
Intimate Violence Sharon K Davis, University of La Verne
Is there a relationship between adverse childhood experiences
and being involved in a battering relationship? Will perpetrators
and victims of family violence have high numbers of adverse
childhood experiences? Are they more likely to become
involved in these relationships if they have experienced abusive
and traumatic childhoods? These key research questions guided
the present study. This study was influenced by a landmark study
by Kempe et al. (1962) that identified the “battered-child
syndrome” and led to the mandatory reporting of suspected cases
of child abuse/neglect. This inspired a longitudinal Adverse
Childhood Experiences study (ACE) (Anda and Felitti 1995) that
examined the long-term, health-related outcomes of abused
children. They found that more than three ACEs increased risks
for serious future problems. Other studies have described links
between ACEs and later deviant behaviors such as eating
disorders, depression, promiscuity, substance abuse, suicidal
actions, and juvenile delinquency. No previous study has
attempted to link adverse childhood experiences with an
increased risk of involvement in family violence. The current
study explores a possible link between ACEs and involvement in
battering relationships, as well as engaging other deviant
enterprises such as truancy, bullying, and crime. It is believed
that persons with high ACE scores may have been primed for
attraction to dominant or submissive others, experience violence
in an intimate relationship, and remain in that relationship over
time. Specifically, it was hypothesized that they will report, on
average, more than three adverse childhood experiences. Selfreported data was collected on 22 adults (15 males and 7
females), aged 20 to 49 years, who attended court-mandated
group counseling sessions under the auspices of a local battered
women’s shelter. Preliminary findings show that this sample had
mean ACE score of 3.36, with a range of 0 to 9 ACEs. Females
had higher average ACE scores than males (3.9 and 3.1). This
suggests that adult male perpetrators may be less influenced by
adverse childhood experiences than female victims. Female
victims report more adverse childhood experiences than the
general population. Larger numbers of adverse childhood
experiences, may result in other serious forms of criminal
behavior. A pattern analysis of the association of specific types
of childhood trauma with specific kinds of delinquent and
criminal activities has yielded additional interesting results.
The Effect of Unrestricted Immigration on Crime in Miami,
Marseille, and Dublin Joel Fetzer, Pepperdine University
Although xenophobic popular rhetoric about “foreign-born
criminals” abounds, relatively few empirical social scientists
have examined what, if any link, actually exists between
immigration and crime. Those quantitatively oriented
investigators who do look at this question, moreover, typically
focus on a single country or region and tend to find little or no
overall effect from migration. This paper thus uses cross-national
statistics to test the “strain” and “importation” models of
migration and criminal deviance. To estimate the largest-possible
immediate effects of various types of migrants on the level of
violent or “serious” crime (i.e., homicide and burglary) in large
cities in particular, the essay analyzes official over-time crime
data from three natural experiments: the arrival of the Mariel
Cubans to Miami, Florida, in 1980; the influx of Pieds-Noirs and
Harkis “repatriates” from Algeria into Marseille, France, in 1962;
and the migration of new European Union citizens from Eastern
Europe into Dublin, Ireland, in 2004. Based on elite interviews,
archival materials, and quantitative panel models of police and
census data, the study concludes that the rapid, “uncontrolled”
migration of working- or middle-class refugees or workers does
seem to have increased burglary rates in all three cities. However,
the sudden arrival of primarily low-skilled individuals—some of
whom had already served prison time in Cuba—appears to have
boosted the homicide rate in Miami only. Theoretically and
empirically, this investigation helps estimate the upper bounds of
the possible crime-related effects of rapid, unrestricted
immigration into an urban area and partly confirms the
importation model of homicide and strain theory of burglary.
Though massive immigration does not necessarily cause a large
rise in all forms of urban crime in the host country, therefore, the
entry of many poor migrants with few economic opportunities
and/or with criminal backgrounds may.
When Should Capital Punishment Be In Play? David Musick,
University of Northern Colorado; Kristine G Musick,
University of Northern Colorado
We explore the interface between philosophical issues related to
capital punishment and the reality of murder as it is experienced
by police, court and corrections personnel.
065. California Sociological Association (CSA) Meeting
Event
10:15 to 11:45 am
Session Organizer:
066. Dissertations in Progress: Roundtables
Dissertations-in-Progress
10:15 to 11:45 am
Hyatt Regency: Floor Fourth - Regency Ballroom A
Session Organizer:
067. Emeritus and Retired Faculty Committee
Committee meeting
10:15 to 11:45 am
Session Organizer:
Member:
Sharon Kay Araji, University of Colorado Denver
Fumiko Hosokawa, California State University, Dominguez
Hills
Gary Cretser, CSU Pomona
Charles F. Hohm, San Diego State University
068. Gendered Values, Interactions, Expressions, and
Performances
Gender
10:15 to 11:45 am
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Desire Anastasia, Metropolitan State University of Denver
Participants:
Are family values gendered? An analysis of public opinion on a
woman’s right to choose Mikaela Smith, University of
California, Irvine; Catherine Bolzendahl, University of
California, Irvine
According to the literature, religion, politics, and education,
among other factors, play a large role in shaping an individual’s
stance toward abortion. The direction of these relationships is
oftentimes not surprising: those who are more religiously
conservative usually respond negatively toward abortion, while
the liberalizing effect of education is often associated with
greater support of a woman’s right to choose. What remains
under-explored are the ways in which these driving forces
interact with each other. In particular, studies have also shown
that abortion opinion can often serve as a more overt presentation
of underlying gender norms, which are also associated with level
of education, religious conservatism, and political view. In an
attempt to parcel out the more precise mechanisms related to
public opinion of abortion, this project uses data from the 2012
General Social Survey to examine the nature of the relationship
between opinion on abortion and opinion on family support
services. While this project is still in its preliminary stages, it
appears that the observed disconnect between support for “family
values” as they relate to protecting the rights of the fetus, and
“family values” as they relate to supporting a mother who carries
her pregnancy to term, is in large part correlated with one’s
overall views toward gender equality. Based on these findings,
both policy recommendations and directions for future research
are made.
From Locked Doors to Locked Screens: Sexting as a Gendered
Performance of Sexuality and Privacy Amanda Brand,
Northern Arizona University
This in-progress research project explores college students’
conceptions about sexting, privacy, gender, and sexuality. To
date, most research on the topic of sexting has focused on the
morality and/or legality of sexting, sexting behaviors, and
attitudes toward sexting, but very little has been done to explore
how these behaviors are gendered and reflect deeply-rooted
social contracts regarding sex, gender, and privacy. The purpose
of this study is to employ a feminist perspective to explore how
sexting is defined by college students, how gender and sexuality
are performed through sexting, which platforms are involved in
sexting behaviors, and how students perceive of sexting as a
private or public activity. To answer these questions, surveys will
be distributed to a convenience sample of college students in
introductory level classes at Northern Arizona University and
will be asked to reflect on their definitions of sexting, their
sexting behaviors, and their expectations and perceptions of
privacy. Results will be analyzed to determine if and to what
extent gender and sexuality are being performed through sexting,
what expectations and perceptions of privacy exist, and if
differences exist along gender lines.
Gender Violence Prevention Education: Current Practices and
Future Directions Shelley Jan Eriksen, California State
University, Long Beach
Gender-based violence (GBV) is among the most pressing public
health problems facing women and children worldwide. The
United Nations estimates that between 20% to 50% of all women
have experienced physical violence in intimate or family
relationships at some point in their lives. In the U.S., the
Department of Justice estimates that 1.5 million women are raped
or physically assaulted by an intimate partner each year, making
gender-based violence a leading criminal justice and public
health concern for American law enforcement, public policy
advocates and health care practitioners. Yet according to leading
theoreticians and practitioners in the field, many GBV
“prevention” programs are actually risk reduction efforts for
women and girls that do not address its underlying causes, or the
social systems that produce it. Moreover, the language and logic
of many current violence prevention programs employ genderneutral frameworks that obfuscate the role of gender inequality in
the perpetuation of sexual and domestic violence. This paper
reviews the state of program efforts that directly engage men in
gender violence prevention efforts. In particular, it addresses the
extent to which these various program efforts are expressly
feminist, and/or employ feminist frameworks, versus more
gender-neutral efforts growing in popularity in the U.S. and
elsewhere. Finally, the paper will highlight some of the issues
attendant to evaluating the effectiveness of GBV prevention
programs, using some initial data drawn from one such program,
the Mentors in Violence Prevention (MVP) program currently
being implemented in all public schools in Sioux City, Iowa.
Manifesting Maturity: Collegiate Sexuality and Women's
Sexual Options Cristen Dalessandro, University of Colorado
Boulder
Using 21 interviews with middle class and upwardly mobile
undergraduate students at a state-sponsored university and “party
school” in the Western U.S., this paper investigates students’
opinions on the party scene and hooking up. Both the party
scene, and hooking up, are seen as distinctly collegiate and
“immature” activities that are only acceptable in moderation,
especially as students near their senior years in college. Through
conceptualizing themselves as responsible students who do not
party recklessly, these students begin comprehending themselves
as the responsible adults they expect to be shortly. “Hooking up”
is framed by the students as inauthentic and uninformed. Mature
sexuality is framed as monogamous, emotionally attached, and
sexually exclusive, and anything else is framed as immature or
the practices of those who are “insecure” and wanting attention.
Those who choose to hook up, especially women, are seen as still
having some growing up to do. Instead of allowing women more
sexual freedom, these opinions box women into choosing either
sexual monogamy in relationships, relationships without sex, or
no sex at all, if they wish to manifest maturity. The students
themselves are describing the alternative sexual and relational
forms of their peers as ultimately unfulfilling, leaving little room
for innovative forms to be considered “mature.” While these
stories are often rooted in gendered inequality concerns, they
serve to perpetuate inequality. These stories also have
implications for gender in that women and women’s sexuality in
hooking up are most often cited as examples of “immature”
sexual conduct.
Policing the body: Gendered interactions among Asian Indian
graduate international students in Southern California Kunj
Bhatt, CSUF
In this presentation I will examine gendered interactions within
the Asian Indian international student sojourner community and
the tensions that emerge within. Referencing two of the thirteen
in-depth qualitative interviews conducted for my Master’s thesis,
I note the existence of community policing of the immigrant
female body and identity as it forms its transnational diasporic
persona. I discuss the role of Westernization in the creation of the
culturally relevant term of being a “modern” female Indian
immigrant student and the power the term holds. Overall, I find
that female students face opposition from patriarchal, cultural,
and religious ideologies that transcend geographical boundaries.
“Midwives Do It Anywhere:” Capabilities and Limitations in
Disaster Response Adelle Dora Monteblanco, University of
Colorado Boulder
When a natural disaster disrupts a community, the special needs
of pregnant women, new mothers, and their infants are easily
overlooked as the initial medical relief efforts concentrate on
emergency care. But these populations already face unique health
vulnerabilities, as evident in U.S. infant and maternal mortality
rates. And while recent disaster research has focused on the
strengths and needs of local woman, little research has explored
the capacity of homebirth midwives during times of crisis. Yet
homebirths may be necessary or even preferred in a disaster
setting due to mobility restrictions, loss of electricity, or strained
resources within hospitals. Through the narratives of midwives I
examine an overlooked health provider that could offer lifesaving
care to their community during a disaster. My preliminary
findings indicate that homebirth midwives use a model of care
that translates well into disaster settings, particularly a model that
promotes autonomous work and the limited use of technology.
However, midwives still face many institutional hurdles to
disaster response, such as a lack of educational standards across
their profession and many states still bar their practice.
“Queer Parenting: Non-Traditional Parenting Styles” Jodi M
Dunn, Idaho State University
Over the years we have tried to understand gender variances in a
variety of ways such as gender wage gaps, human capital,
workplace experiences, and workplace discrimination. In
attempting to understand the gender variances among men and
women can be very difficult due to our socialization, but taking a
look at it through a different lens can provide insight. This
document uses parenting styles with children between the ages of
three and eleven. To look at gender variances with in early
socialization can provide further detailed information. The
knowledge this document is providing us can assist in creating
gender equality through the use of non-traditional parenting
styles.
069. Sexuality and Media
Sexualities
10:15 to 11:45 am
Session Organizer:
Tracy DeHaan, San Jose State University
Presider:
Andreea Nica, Portland State University
Participants:
Reporting Sex Work in Sin City: Depictions of Prostitution in
the Las Vegas News Media Jennifer Whitmer, Department of
Sociology; University of Nevada, Las Vegas; Barb Brents,
Department of Sociology; University of Nevada, Las Vegas;
Brittney Ballesteros, Department of Sociology; University of
Nevada, Las Vegas
Much has been made of the sexualization of late capitalist culture
and the prevalence of more liberalized attitudes about gender,
sexual behaviors and sexual diversity, but little research has
looked at whether or how ideologies around individual choice
have influenced the way we frame prostitution. Previous research
examining discourses of prostitution in the media has found that
certain frames tend to dominate: prostitutes as criminals,
exploited victims, public nuisances, vectors of disease, and
victims of poverty. In much of the United States, prostitution is
illegal, meaning media portrayals reflect legal framings.
However, in the United States, prostitution is legal in several
rural counties in Nevada. Often touted as the symbolic center of
the sex industry, Las Vegas, Nevada has no legal prostitution, yet
it is a major tourist destination that has successfully branded its
tourist industry around sexuality and vice. In this paper, we
examine how the existence of legal prostitution and a sexualized
leisure industry impacts the conversation around prostitution.
This research is based on a qualitative content analysis of 100
articles sampled from the two major newspapers in Las Vegas,
NV, the Las Vegas Review Journal and the Las Vegas Sun, from
2004-2013. We examine discourses surrounding sex work in
Las Vegas and how legal changes may impact these discourses.
Social Processes in Gay Social Media Apps William Wagner,
California State University, Channel Islands; Vincent
Torres, California State University, Northridge
This study represents the second phase an analysis of gay social
media apps that employ geolocation technology. These
particular mobile applications are used primarily by gay men
(and MSMs). They are used, specifically, for many purposes,
including but not limited to: dating, finding sex, making friends,
exclusively online chat, as well as various combinations of the
previous options. These apps have become so pervasive in the
gay community that this social space has emerged as one of the
(if not the) dominant community space/s through which gay men
interact, or at least begin to interact, with each other in
contemporary society. They have altered the manner in which
gay men come out of the closet (or not) at different social levels.
This study explores the nature of this relatively new social space,
as well as some of the benefits and challenges it imposes on the
community who uses it.
Content Analysis of MILF Pornography Anne Elizabeth
Carroll, University of Colorado Denver
Despite the great amount of public opinion on hardcore
pornography, there is little research on which genres of
pornography heterosexual males are viewing. This study gathers
information on the most popular genres of pornography and from
this information, is pursuing a content analysis of MILF (Mom
I’d Like to Fuck) pornography. This analysis is looking at the
themes within this genre that are deviant from the tenants of
hegemonic masculinity with which American heterosexual men
are expected to align. To this end, data are being collected from
the most visited free hardcore pornography website,
xHamster.com. Currently data analysis is in progress.
Older Johns: Male Prostitution Clients Over Sixty Who Seek
Women Providers Online Martin Monto, University of
Portland; Christine Milrod, Independent Researcher
Though recent research has provided increased information about
the clients of prostitutes, little has captured the hard-to-reach,
highly-active “hobbyists” who seek sexual services online,
particularly those who are older and more experienced. Twohundred-eight clients over 60 years of age, contacted through
prostitute-review and discussion websites, completed a 129-item
questionnaire on their health, their sexual and non-sexual
behaviors with providers, the qualities that they sought in
providers, and how they negotiate their participation in an illegal
and socially denigrated activity. Respondents were
overwhelmingly White (96.6%), with most (60.1%) between 60
and 63 years of age. About 82.6% reported having a bachelor’s
or higher degree. Most (68.3%) were married, often to spouses
with different levels of sexual desire or physical problems that
prevented sex. More than half reported having visited providers
between 13 and 24 times (33.2%) or more (23.6%) during the
past 12 months, with age positively correlated with frequency of
paid sex. Their most frequent sexual activities with providers
were fellatio without a condom (33.3%) and penile-vaginal sex
with a condom (31.7%). Most rated their likelihood of
contracting HIV as low (77.4%) or none (18.8%). Constellations
of other responses regarding their preferences and sexual and
non-sexual activities with providers indicated many were seeking
a “GFE,” or girlfriend experience, in which aspects of
conventional non-remunerative relationships were mirrored in
their paid sexual exchanges. Findings move beyond the
caricatures of customers that often appear in contemporary
dialogues about prostitution.
070. Political Sociology: State Building and Revolution in the
Middle East
10:15 to 11:45 am
Session Organizer:
Participants:
Ethnic Expulsion and Settler Colonial State Building:
Palestine's al-Nakba Tyson Patros, University of California,
Irvine; Christoffer James Petersen Zoeller, University of
California-Irvine
Palestine’s al-Nakba (the catastrophe) provides unique insight
into ethnic conflict and state formation in a settler colonial
situation. Between late 1947 and early 1949, Zionist ‘state-inthe-making’ organizations expelled or forced into flight the
majority of indigenous Palestinian Arabs, expropriating much of
their property, in interrelated processes of ethnic expulsion and
state formation. The organizations belonged to a recent settler
immigrant movement pursuing an ethnically exclusivist state and
society. Case analysis highlights the importance of weaving
literatures on ethnic mobilization and state formation into a
‘settler colonial framework.’ Settler colonial situations comprise
ethnic divisions inscribed in the basic social structures of power
and stratification, and ethnic expulsion stems from the settler
colonial movement’s aim to found a new state and society over
and above the indigenous population – and their resistance – in
the target territory. However, major work posits interethnic
conflict as triggered by an exogenous national-level political
shock to local, multiethnic communities. Local institutions
purportedly mediate this macrolevel stimulus and produce
varying levels of interethnic violence in localities. Ethnic
communal violence may often result from political forces
exogenous to multiethnic communities. In settler colonial
situations, however, prioritizing an exogenous factor obfuscates
more than it clarifies. Ethnic cleavages and latent conflict
animate basic social structural arrangements. The racialized
divide between indigenous people and settler colonists marks
political-material struggles, defining settler colonial situations,
which manifests most clearly in settler colonial movements’
raison d'être – state building. This analysis seeks to unravel some
crucial dynamics of this under-theorized subtype of ethnic
conflict and state formation.
The Role Of Iranian Women In The Green Social Movement Of
2009: A Qualitative Content Analysis Of YouTube Videos
Elahe Nezhadhossein, Sociology PhD Student at Memorial
University of New foundland
The Iranian Green Social Movement, sprung up protesting the
results of the election giving Ahmadinejad a second presidency
term in June 2009. With Ahmadinejad reelection, the government
cracked down on ordinary citizens, they began to document the
Iranian Green Social Movement of 2009 by posting the images
and videos that they took with their cellphones and uploading on
websites like YouTube and Facebook. In this case study of the
Iranian Green Social Movement of 2009, I considered and
analyzed this movement as New Social Movements (NSM) and
drew on theories of social movements and critical feminism to
understand how Iranian women were active in the protests of the
Green Social Movement of 2009. The data used for this study
was a group of selected YouTube videos of the Green Social
Movement of 2009. Using content analysis as a methodology, I
have analyzed the data by doing a coding and thematic analysis.
This process was guided by the researcher’s positionalities and
by three main tenets of social movements’ theories, 1) collective
behavior, 2) resource mobilization and 3) political opportunity.
Drawing on critical feminism theories this study offer insights on
how Iranian women negotiate and critique gender politics in a
patriarchal driven regime and society. During the Green Social
Movement 2009, Iranian women were demanding gender
equality and fighting against the ideological Islamist government
of Iran. Iranian women were actively fighting for their rights, in
spite of all the restrictions and oppressions from the Iranian
regime.
071. Women and migration
10:15 to 11:45 am
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Anna C. Smedley, University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Participants:
Gender Relations in Transnational Migration: Examining
Chinese Immigrant Women in Canada Guida C Man, York
University
This paper is based on empirical data from two research studies.
It examines the transnational migration experience of highly
educated Chinese immigrant women who were professionals in
their home country. It explores how these women’s gender
relations, household work and paid work have been transformed
in the new country, and analyzes how the immigrant women
maintain their families by mobilizing transnational strategies
across national borders to accommodate their productive and
reproductive activities. Using a feminist research methodology,
the paper elucidates how transnational migration is mediated by
structural processes such as immigration policies, labour market
conditions, employment practices; and gender, race, class
relations; as well as individual immigrant’s agency. The myriad
transnational strategies mobilized by Chinese immigrant women
in maintaining their families are presented.
Reframing Cultural Citizenship: Inclusion through paid work
for Haitian women in the U.S. Nikita Carney, UC Santa
Barbara
This paper investigates the ways in which cultural citizenship
intersects with gender, migration, and work in the lived
experiences of middle-class Haitian women in the United States
to argue for a reframing of cultural citizenship that includes paid
work as a site of cultural inclusion. Grounding my research in
interviews conducted with Haitian women in the Boston area, I
situate my analysis in relation to existing theory on migration,
gender and employment, and cultural citizenship. Existing
literature provides a basis for analyzing the experiences of
Haitian women in the diaspora. Simultaneously, the interviews
work to extend the relationship between gender, migration, labor,
and cultural citizenship. The narratives of the Haitian women
with whom I spoke emphasize the fact that paid employment
outside the home plays a central role in the process of finding a
place in their new society. Work offered many of these women
resources and autonomy that enabled them to provide for
themselves and their families. At the same time, employment
situated these women within the discourse of the nation. The
women I interviewed offered invaluable insights into processes
of belonging and inclusion as related to employment, shedding
light on the ways in which certain groups come to be included, or
excluded. The experiences of these women speak to larger
conversations regarding transmigration and national identity.
Reframing cultural citizenship to include the importance of paid
labor allows for a fuller understanding of these processes of
belonging and inclusion with regards to race, gender, class, and
the nation.
The Road Less Traveled: Women's Migration to Russia Erin
Trouth Hofmann, Utah State University
Following the collapse of the USSR, Russia has become a major
destination for migration from other former Soviet states. While
there is little data on migration into Russia, both official and
unofficial estimates agree that the majority of immigrants to
Russia are men. This paper focuses on the phenomenon of
women’s migration to Russia: who are the women who travel to
Russia, and what are their experiences in a male-dominated
migration context? Research on immigration to the United States
and Europe indicates that, in their early years, migrant streams
are often male-dominated, with women and children coming later
as tied migrants. Based on analysis of several surveys, including
a survey of labor migrants in three Russian cities, and national
household surveys from the migrant-sending countries of
Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine, I find that Russia does not fit
this pattern. Migration into Russia during the 1990s was
dominated by highly educated migrants with strong ties to
Russia, many of whom were women. Migration since 2000
follows more typical patterns of labor migration and is dominated
by men, but these recent male-dominated flows are built upon
earlier social networks that were often established by women.
Despite the importance of female migration networks, female
migrants in Russia are less integrated into local labor markets
and less likely to report increases in human capital than are their
male counterparts. In the final paper, I will expand this analysis
by comparing female migration to Russia from different origin
countries and at different periods of time.
Success or Collapse: Women’s Labor Migration from Turkey to
USA Meltem Ince Yenilmez, UC Berkeley
Hannah Arendt (2007)1 specifies in her essay “We Refugees”
that “refugees are scattered from one place to another and they
become precursor of their citizens only if they keep their identity.
International migration within countries is not a new
phenomenon, but its form, restrictions, gains, profile of migrants
and composition of migration have changed. To understand the
context better from Tukish point of view, the composition may
be divided into three gropus. The first one is the European norms
which is very legal and attractive to Turkish migrants compared
to other countries. The Islamic norms become very popular in the
last three years and the form of migration is reconstructed
regarding to Islamic rules. The last one is the Nomadic norms,
which is very well known and epitomized case. It is generally
very popular in illegal migrations across countries. So the
combination of these three issues shows that immigration is
accepted as a normal case inside and outside the country where
the nature of attitudes towards immigration among people do not
accept the borders in countries. In general, Turkish women who
immigrate to another country are considered themselves as guests
and meantime, they try to capture the culture of the country with
their own traditions, beliefs and values instead of adapting them.
These are all from social and cultural discourse analysis. To
understand the economic results of the immigration, it is better to
look at the macroeconomic determinants of the countries. There
are many variables to look over in empirical analysis like wages,
unemployment (both short-term and long-term), GDP per capita,
migration cost, the demand elasticity of migration as well as
consumption. By examining these factors will provide significant
and realistic results comparing the pre and post immigration. In
this research, immigration will be examined from two
perspectives: (1) from social and cultural level (2) economic
level. The result of the study will show how immigration will
affect countries’ economies and try to analyze whether the
migration cost will affect positively or negatively the indigenous
people’ lifestyle. On the other hand, governmental policies
towards migration will be discussed in terms of their
effectiveness and competency.
Discussant:
Anna C. Smedley, University of Nevada, Las Vegas
072. Committee on Freedom in Research and Teaching
Committee meeting
12:00 to 1:30 pm
Session Organizer:
Member:
Michelle Robertson, St. Edward's University
Regina Davis-Sowers, Santa Clara University
Mark Cohan, Seattle University
Lori Cramer, Oregon State University
Robert Palacio, California State University, Fresno
Jennifer Whitmer, Department of Sociology; University of
Nevada, Las Vegas
073. Committee on Practicing, Applied, and Clinical Sociology
Committee meeting
12:00 to 1:30 pm
Session Organizer:
Member:
Sheila M Katz, Sociology Department, University of Houston
Berna Torr, California State University Fullerton
James Lee, San Jose State University
074. Committee on Race and Ethnic Minorities
Committee meeting
12:00 to 1:30 pm
Session Organizer:
Member:
Pomona
Sergio Romero, Boise State University
Ethel Nicdao, University of the Pacific
Alicia Bonaparte, Pitzer College
Jennifer Nazareno, University of California, San Francisco
075. Demonstration: Creating an E-Textbook for Global
Sociology
Teaching Sociology
12:00 to 1:30 pm
Session Organizer:
David Hyde, South Puget Sound CC
Presider:
Linda Rillorta, Mt. San Antonio College
Participant:
Authoring and Using an Open Source eTextbook for Global
Sociology David Hyde, South Puget Sound CC
This presentation provides a brief demonstration on creating,
publishing, and using an electronic textbook for sociology
courses. During the 2013-2014 academic year, I used a 1-year
sabbatical to create an eTextbook for an introductory sociology
course on globalization. The text was created using iBooks
Author; original writing; and open source, public domain, and
creative commons resources available online. eTextbooks offer
advantages of interactivity, updatability, course specificity, and
affordability. The text is available online for free! This
presentation will address the process of creating and publishing
an open source eTextbook as well as the implications of using it
in the classroom.
076. Studying Minority PhD Career Trajectories in Sociology
and Economics
12:00 to 1:30 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Evan Heimlich, Grossmont College and UCR
Participant:
Studying Minority PhD Career Trajectories in Sociology and
Economics Jean Shin, American Sociological Association
This professional development workshop is focused on studying
PhD career trajectories for under-represented racial/ethnic
minority (URM) scholars in sociology and economics. Based on
a current grant project housed at the American Sociological
Association and funded by the National Science Foundation, the
workshop leaders will solicit feedback about the ways to conduct
unobtrusive data collection on career trajectories. They will also
discuss an upcoming online survey of URM PhD scholars and
the types of questions that should be asked about the role of
mentoring and networks in departments. By learning about this
research and engaging in discussion on the theoretical and
methodological questions at play, participants can take away
ideas on conducting their own work in the study of the higher
education pipeline.
077. Teaching Sociology in Non-Traditional Settings: Penal
Institutions, Secondary Education, and Other Spaces
12:00 to 1:30 pm
Session Organizer:
Terressa Benz, University of Idaho
Presider:
Participants:
Urban High School Students Engaging in Critical, Sociological
Analysis: The Mediation of Sociological Thinking via a
Close, Critical Engagement with Sociological Texts Miguel
Zavala, California State University, Fullerton
Human Rights Pedagogy in the Elementary School Classroom
Julie Shayne, University of Washington Bothell; Rebecca
Ducharme, University of Washington Bothell
078. Alternative Employment Opportunities for Undergraduate
and Graduate Sociology Majors I
Panel discussion
12:00 to 1:30 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Participants:
Traffic Safety as an Applied Sociological Field of Study: Its
Promise and Failures Steven A. Bloch, Automobile Club of
America
The Sociological Toolbox of Skills: Is Vocational
Rehabilitation a Career for You? Paulette K. Freeman,
International Association of Rehabilitation Professionals;
Resolutions! Inc.
Alternative Careers for Sociology Majors: The Latest
Information from the American Sociological Association
079. Social Factors, Health, and Wellbeing
12:00 to 1:30 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Participants:
Driven to Distraction: Is Distracted Driving Just Part of
Distracted Living? Roberta G Lessor, Chapman University;
Sarina Karwande, Chapman University; Ashley Nieto,
Chapman University; Lauren Rhodes, Chapman University
The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) report that distracted
driving is a “problem on the rise” with increasing numbers of
injuries and deaths each year. For persons between the ages of
15-24, automobile accidents are the leading cause of mortality,
and many of these fatalities are due to distracted driving (CDC
2013). A significant distraction is “texting” with a handheld
device, either reading or typing messages. Despite the known
risks, texting while driving is common among college students
and public service announcements have been aimed at reducing
the practice. We proposed that the problem of texting and
driving can better be viewed in the context of “distracted living.”
We conducted a preliminary survey study of 227 students in five
Southern California public and private universities where 69%
agreed with texting and driving being illegal, and a greater
number reported being uncomfortable riding with a texting
driver. Despite the acknowledged dangers, 73% reported that
they regularly text and drive. Those who text and drive also
report texting more frequently while engaged in other activities
such as studying. Students believe that their lifestyle requires
them to juggle multiple tasks, supporting our notion that texting
and driving can be best understood in a social context. The study
is ongoing and during the fall of 2014 we are conducting focus
groups to identify the array of on-line activities used by 18 to 24
year olds whether behind the wheel or in other waking hours.
Focus group discussion is aimed at discovering not only type and
amount of communication used, but also the meaning to the
participants. The focus groups will be followed by a second online survey questionnaire. Better understanding of “distracted
living” may aid policy makers and health educators in developing
comprehensive programs that increase awareness and lead to
more desirable health statistics.
The role of neighborhood environment in health behavior:
Youth e-cigarette use in Orange County, CA Georgiana
Bostean, Chapman University
The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), a nicotine delivery
device, is increasing rapidly, especially among youth. In Orange
County, CA, where there are scant e-cigarette or tobacco
regulations, one-third of 11th grade students have tried ecigarettes. Studies of conventional cigarettes find that youth are
more likely to experiment with or start smoking in areas with
greater tobacco retailer density and closer proximity to schools,
and when point-of-sale promotions (such as display walls) are
present; however, it is unclear whether these issues matter for
this emerging behavior, e-cigarette use. This study draws on the
social determinants of health theoretical perspective to examine
how aspects of neighborhood environment, such as density of ecigarette retailers and proximity to schools, are associated with
youth e-cigarette use, and whether these patterns vary by policy
context. We combine individual-level data on youth e-cigarette
use from the California Healthy Kids Survey, with e-cigarette
retailer data which we are currently collecting using tobacco
licenses, online listings, and field data collection (neighborhood
canvassing and retailer observations). The sample will include
Santa Ana (one of the few cities that require tobacco/e-cigarette
retail license) and Costa Mesa (which has no e-cigarette
regulation). The geospatial data will be analyzed in ArcMap 10.1
to assess density and proximity to schools. Finally, we will use
multi-level regression analyses to examine neighborhood-level
predictors of individual-level youth e-cigarette use, controlling
for individual confounders. In doing so, this study will be among
the first to examine neighborhood characteristics and youth ecigarette use in California.
Online social networks usage in HIV patients Atefeh Aghaei,
Tehran university; Mohsen Khalilimeybodi, Tehran
university
Background: Stigma can lead to discrimination, violence, moral
panic, and loss of civil rights. AIDS is one of the stigmatized
diseases. Stigma may lead people to hide their condition and
disease. Trying to hide the disease can affect their social
relationships and ultimately lead to their social isolation. Online
social networks can help by providing them social space to get
away from the stigma of their disease. In Iran, the use of online
social networks is common. The aim of this study is investigating
the ways through which these patients use these online social
networks like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, blogs, etc.
Methodology: To do this research, the posts that these patients
have sent on their personal pages were analyzed to study and
specify their use of these virtual spaces and their relationships
with others in these spaces as well. Therefore, personal pages and
blogs of 20 patients who accepted to participate in this research
were studied over a period of a month by the researcher.
Qualitative content analysis research method was used in
this study. The study was conducted in 2014 in Tehran, Iran.
Conclusions: Content analysis of the produced texts by these
patients showed that they used cyber space to chat, to get health
information, and to build a virtual personality. Therefore, we can
conclude that these online social networks can help them in
establishing social relationships. It shows the potential of virtual
environments to assist the patients in returning to society and
eliminate feelings of isolation and exclusion among them.
080. Race, Stereotypes and Social Media
Race/Ethnicity
12:00 to 1:30 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Participants:
Hollywood’s Commodification of Race Nancy Wang Yuen,
Biola University
Reinventing Racism: Racist Discourse in Social Media Uriel
Serrano, California State University, Los Angeles
Social network sites have become a powerful source of social
change, having a major impact on humanity. However, despite
the power social networks have, not much attention has been
given to the emerging forms of racism on social media. Using a
historic lens, and drawing from critical race theory, the focus of
this study is racism via social media, and the concept of cyberracism as a form of microaggression. This study presents the
findings of over 200 posts that contain race-related content, but
most importantly race-related hash-tags, to addresses why racism
in social networks goes unchallenged and reinforced. Lastly, this
study also focuses on who the perpetrators of this emerging form
of racism are. Utilizing the popular social networking site,
Twitter and specific hashtags, I argue that racism is being
reconstructed due to the lack of a physical victim. The popular
use of hashtags, and the visibility of posts on twitter, are
redefining how social network users experience and understand
racism. Given that many view social networks as an extension of
social networking, the racism displayed is given no attention,
mostly going unchallenged. The findings in this paper are vital
due to the fact that technology is thought to make lives easier, but
as seen in this paper, it is also easily perpetuating racism. It
highlights the transformation of racism to nothing similar to what
has been experienced through out history, and how social
networking sites are furthering racist agendas.
“Supposedly, A Coyote Won’t Even Eat A Mexican”:
Stereotypical Representations of Latinos in Hollywood
Movies Sneha Dutta, California State University, Stanislaus
Hollywood movies are a means of celebrating and establishing
whiteness and privileges in the color blind era. It has been argued
that in an era where most Americans aspire for racial justice, the
beginning of true racial justice seems to be an illusion in the
United States. However, whiteness cannot be attributed to just
the legitimatization of power and privileges. The power of
whiteness and white dominance assumes a universal and
invisible dimension which is apparent in the Unites States media
culture. Media culture provides the materials for establishing the
apartheid mind-set that leads people to believe that whiteness is
the legitimate power. Films are visual representations of every
day discourse, of images and types that can be called race. In this
paper, I investigate the two Hollywood films, “The Three Burials
of Melquiades Estrada” (2005) and “No Country for Old Men”
(2007). I examine the images of the white saviors, and the
stereotypical images of Latinos such as el bandido, the dynamics
of the white and Latino friendships, and the discourse of
patriarchy. I argue that in the era of color blind racism, the films
are successful not only facilitating and perpetuating whiteness
and white dominance but also constructing stereotypical images
about the racial others in the light of the dominant discourse.
081. CSU Department Chairs Meeting
Event
12:00 to 1:30 pm
Session Organizer:
082. Undergraduate Roundtables I: Race and Ethnicity; Gender;
Environmental Sociology; Social Psychology, Identity, and
Emotions; Marriage, Family, and Reproduction
12:00 to 1:30 pm
082-1. Race and Ethnicity
Undergraduate Submissions/Undergraduate Roundtable
Submissions
Roundtable presentation session
Session Organizer:
Robert E Kettlitz, Hastings College
Participants:
Black Women’s Experiences in Higher Education Tamaiah
Thompson, Sonoma State University
Can you hear me? Do you care?: Sexual assault as a form of
socially controlling Black women Desiree Greenhouse,
Chapman University
Ethnic Studies Ban in Arizona Marisela Garcia, UC Berkeley
Discussant:
Mary Kelsey, UC Berkeley
082-2. Social Psychology, Identity, and Emotions
Submissions
Session Organizer:
Participants:
"I am not like them":Teen moms identity work and deviance
disavowal Amy Lynn Mckelvey, Chapman University
How do Professional Cuddlers use emotion work to mask the
rationalization and commodification of the experience. Rana
Yumi Wildgrube, Pacific University
Humor and Symbolic Interaction Among Brain Injuries
Survivors Steven Wesley Morrow, Biola University
You are Unique (Just Like Everybody Else): Group Identity at a
Private, Catholic University Kevin O'Brien, Gonzaga
University
The Vietnam War: Indigenous Voices Heard Jennifer Monica
Vargas, California State University, Fresno
Ungodly Masses: Rationality and Disenchantment in
Nonbelievers Allyce Hope Lobdell, Colorado Mesa
University
Discussant:
Eric Alexander Baldwin, University of California, Irvine
082-3. Gender
Submissions
Session Organizer:
Participants:
Contemporary Content of Rape Myths Erin Patricia Savoia,
University of Portland
Coping with Deployment: Inclusivity of Queer Spouses Carla
Murillo, California State University, Long Beach
Elephant in the Room: Negotiating Feminism in Heterosexual
Relationships at a Catholic University Emily Kathryn Loe,
Gonzaga University
Gender Non-Conformity in Children Jean-Louise Reichman,
Colorado Mesa University
Gender Resistance in The Bathroom Amanda Martin, Long
Beach State University
Discussant:
Sharon Kay Araji, University of Colorado Denver
082-4. Marriage, Family, and Reproduction
Submissions
Session Organizer:
Participants:
Dangerous Love: "Positive" Eugenics, Mass Media, and the
Scientific Woman, 1900–1945 Natalie Oveyssi, UC Berkeley
Exploring Perceptions of Family among American-raised
Korean Adoptees Rumika Suzuki, University of Portland
Discussant:
Nicole Willms, Gonzaga University
082-5. Environmental Sociology
Submissions
Session Organizer:
Participants:
"How’s the Soil?”: Talking about Environmental Risk from
Wheat Field to Vineyard Alberto Santos-Davidson, Whitman
College
Analyzing Community Participation and Access to SB:535
Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund Kimberly Gibson,
Effects of Watershed Political Fragmentation upon Water
Quality in the Contiguous United States Kevin Palm,
Food Justice Nonprofits in the East Bay Area Megan Mubaraki,
UC Berkeley
Revitalizing a Community? An Examination of the
Redevelopment Efforts for the Jordan Downs Housing
Projects Ashley Kayla Hansack, Whitman College
Discussant:
Jordan Fox Besek, University of Oregon
083. Endowment Committee
Committee meeting
12:00 to 1:30 pm
Session Organizer:
Member:
Kathleen Kaiser, California State University, Chico
Sunil Kukreja, University of Puget Sound
Brenda Wilhelm, Colorado Mesa University
Sandra Way, New Mexico State University
084. Norms, Boundaries, and Bodies
Gender
12:00 to 1:30 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Adelle Dora Monteblanco, University of Colorado Boulder
Participants:
Examining Gender and Sexuality Norms Online Dan Michael
Fielding, University of Oregon
Communities of fan producers have been creating and consuming
works labeled deviant by both laypeople and academics for
decades. Fan producers take the popular media they enjoy and
rewrite it to fit their needs and desires. Online, these fan
producers have found a new space to re-write what it means to be
normative. These fan producers often write about slash, which
depicts homosexual relationships as normal, and genderswap,
which plays with the idea of gender by physically switching
characters’ sex. Understanding how norms are created within fan
productions can help us understand how norms are created more
broadly. Through content analysis, a series of interviews (n =
26), and a survey (n = 224), of fan producers directly, this study
gains a better understand of these producers’ motivations for
producing fan works.
Women in Legislatures and Anti-Trafficking Enforcement: A
Global Analysis Amy Alexander, Goettingen University
Germany; Maria Ravlik, Goettingen University
A powerful evidence base identifies human trafficking as a
symptom of gender inequality and, as such, a women’s interest
issue. The women and politics literature has long posited and
evaluated whether there is a link between female descriptive
representation and attention to women’s issues. Yet, not a single
study to date evaluates whether the greater inclusion of women in
positions of political power influences anti-trafficking legislation
across the globe. This manuscript makes that step. We evaluate
whether increases in women in leading political decision-making
positions improves their countries’ anti-trafficking enforcement.
Using ordinal regression analysis, we test whether higher levels
of women in national legislatures lead to higher levels of
enforcement with data on 162 countries measured in the late
2000s.
Women's experience of Zumba: Not your ordinary exercise
Tanya Nieri, University of California at Riverside; Elizabeth
Hughes, University of California at Riverside
The present study engages the debate among feminist scholars
about the merits of group fitness for women by assessing
women’s experience of Zumba, a popular Latin-inspired group
fitness program created in 2001. Although Zumba and traditional
group fitness classes predominantly serve women, Zumba is
distinct from traditional group fitness in several ways, and thus,
may create a different experience for women than traditional
group fitness. The few studies that have examined Zumba were
quantitative and did not explore women’s subjective experience.
Prior research on group fitness other than Zumba has relied on
middle class and/or affluent, white samples of women. This
study, using interviews of diverse female Zumba participants,
revealed that although women are motivated to take Zumba for
exercise, they do not experience it the way they typically
experience exercise. The women described exercise as boring,
stressful, painful, lonely, and atomistic. In contrast, they
described Zumba as fun, freeing, physically rewarding,
community building, and holistic. They reported physical and
other benefits, such as an opportunity for self expression. The
women also contrasted Zumba with dancing, suggesting that
Zumba has the advantages of dancing without the disadvantages
of either exercise or dancing. The Zumba habitus, thus, contrasts
with the exercise habitus and the dancing habitus, in that it is less
likely to reproduce dominant gender and body norms, such as the
slim, hard, and passive body. By focusing on fun, rather than
(body) work and its products (i.e., a fit body), Zumba appears to
preserve, rather than eliminate, women’s subjectivity.
085. Transnational/Community Identities: Qualitative and
Conceptual Explorations
Regional Studies and Transnationalism
12:00 to 1:30 pm
Session Organizer:
Steven Arxer, University of North Texas at Dallas
Presider:
Participants:
The L.A. River Revitalization: Placemaking and Community
Building Elizabeth Bogumil, CSU Northridge
This presentation will examine the Los Angeles River
Revitalization from the perspective of placemaking and
community building. In the 1930s, the Los Angeles River, a
geographic feature and regional landmark, was converted from
its natural state into a cement river. Within the last few years, the
river has been going through a revitalization, which includes
increased accessibility to the non-cemented areas for sport and
aesthetic enjoyment along with retrofitting of the cemented areas
to serve as a corridor to connect cities and people. This research
will be particularly timely because of Los Angeles’ recent
mayoral push for federal funding to revitalize the river and its
ability cultivate community, through sense of place, between
residents within and between cities. The phenomenological
processes of placemaking and community building along the Los
Angeles River will be examined utilizing document analysis of
news articles, blogs, government documents and, community
events postings and write ups. Documents will be coded,
analyzed and the essence of community building through
placemaking along the Los Angeles River will be uncovered.
Transnational Expressions of Identity for Karen and Karenni
Refugee Youth Quintin Myers, University Of Northern
Colorado
This study explores how Karen and Karenni refugee youth create
and express cultural identity after being resettled in a Midwestern
university town. Data were collected through field observations
of Karen and Karenni youth at a local soccer program and
through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with staff from the
soccer program, youth in the program, and parents from the
refugee community. The data demonstrate that Karen and
Karenni youth display a transnational identity insofar as they
display pieces of their native culture and American culture. The
youth partially express this transnational identity through the
clothing that the youth choose to wear. Many times in public and
at school the youth wear clothing reminiscent of hip-hop culture
such as skinny jeans, flat-bill hats, high top sneakers, and
sleeveless puffy vests. This generally American style is mitigated
with pieces of clothing that demonstrate pride in being Karen and
Karenni or pieces reminiscent of traditional clothing. Moreover,
when cultural events are held the youth invariably revert back to
their native clothing but do their best to add a little American
flair to the traditional dress. It is these conscious decisions to
move from one style of clothing to another and mixing the two
clothing styles that insinuates a transnational identity. The
choices of American clothing style is informed predominately by
the association with hip-hop music and an affinity for artists such
as Tyga and ‘Lil Wayne. Exploring transnational identities of a
lesser known refugee community allows this project to contribute
to the overall sociological literature.
Volunteer tourism: graduate student stories of New Delhi, India
Jane Bone, Monash University; Kate Daisy Bone, Monash
Injury Research Institute, Monash University
A qualitative research project involved interviews with
postgraduate students who chose to go to India as part of a travel
experience organised by the university Postgraduate Association.
The students were interviewed before and after their trip and
while away they kept diaries of their experiences in New Delhi.
The students were described by the postgraduate organisation as
volunteer tourists and the participants in the study worked for
one week with a non-governmental organisation (NGO) in Delhi
where they were mainly involved with children and young adults.
The participants paid for their trip and the objective of their
travel was to gain an introduction to India’s society, history and
culture while visiting a village in the slums and sightseeing.
Using a perspective from the tourism literature an analysis turned
to the question of who benefits and whether this became what
Cushner (2004) presents as ‘meaningful educational travel’. The
discussion includes the views and motivations of the participants
and the expectations and discoveries that might (or not) influence
their future. Initial findings show that gender, age, ethnicity,
sexuality and family perspectives intersected as participants
described their experiences in this unique setting. Their
narratives upon returning showed a reversal of the notion of the
exotic Other and the discomfort associated with this was
described. This study contributes to a growing and popular field
that is both linked to the tourist industry and to educational
aspirations.
Impact on National Ocean Identity: Maritime Strategy by
Xijinping xiaoping Luo, Boston University
Discussant:
086. Movements from the Left in Mexico
12:00 to 1:30 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Sara Aguirre, California State Univeristy, Los Angeles
Participants:
#Fue El Estado: The Tlatlaya and Ayotzinapa Revolutions Sara
Aguirre, California State Univeristy, Los Angeles
In the last few months, Mexico has been rocked with student
protests in the state of Guerrero. Forty-three student protestors in
the city of Iguala were kidnapped after planning to protest
discriminatory hiring and funding practices that favored urban
colleges. While tales of kidnappings, government corruption and
repression are not new concepts in Mexico, the disappearance of
these students awoke a sleeping giant throughout Mexico and in
other countries; thousands of students have gathered to protest
and demand accountability of the local government officials, law
enforcement, and politicians. The attack on the Ayotzinapa
normalistas comes only a few months after what now appears to
have been the summary execution of twenty-two youths by a
special army brigade in Tlatlaya in the nearby state of Mexico.
The Iguala and Tlatlaya massacres hold a mirror to the character
of Mexican capitalism and the state that stands atop it. They
reveal the mass violence against the population, political
manipulation of the law, if not its complete absence, corruption,
collusion of organized crime with the authorities, and the
complicity of the civil government and the armed forces in all of
the above. This paper will address how terrorism of the state has
crushed social or political resistance of the Mexican working
class to a political and socioeconomic regime that benefits those
in control of the state and the distribution of resources. The
research will consist of archival research of Mexican newspapers,
local and national newspapers, social media reports, qualitative
and ethnographic data from students and/or social activists.
Fifty Years of State Surveillance and Student Movements in
Mexico Daisy Robles Herrera, California State University,
Los Angeles
Since the mid-twentieth century, students have protested for
educational rights and political autonomy while also
demonstrating against the abuse of power by Mexican law
enforcement. During such timeframe, citizens have witnessed
how students have been impacted physically and psychologically
due to such repression. Such repression reached new heights with
the 1968 Tlatelolco massacre. Now, forty six years later,
Mexican law enforcement has, once again, targeted students in
Guerrero because of their planned demonstration against a
political stance. This research paper will trace the student human
crisis played out in Mexico during the last fifty years and will
take a close look at the link between government corruption and
student repression. How can a nation, which has repeatedly
claimed to embrace modernity, still engage in repressive acts
towards the very group devoting their time and effort in
providing social change for their nation? How can current and
future students, who have witnessed such repression, continue to
engage in social movements and keep hope that social change
will arrive without fear of their disappearance or murder being
next? What has the repression taught students and citizens, and
what hope, if any, do they hold towards the Mexican government
building a positive relationship with students? This research will
shed light on Mexican students and their struggle in obtaining the
educational rights and the right to demonstrate that we, as
Americans, often take for granted.
Todos Somos Oaxaca! The Mobilization of Teachers in Oaxaca
Forming the Mexican Left against Neoliberalism Arturo
Zepeda, California State University, Los Angeles
In 2006, Mexico was on the verge of joining a list of Latin
American nations to elect a leftist leader from the working class
sector. As the presidential elections captured the majority of the
media’s focus, an Indigenous social movement began to mobilize
in the state of Oaxaca. Teachers demanded better salaries and the
removal of the present right ring mayor that allied itself with the
minority elite sector. For the first time in many years, the
Mexican left has reemerged with the presidential candidate of
Manuel Lopez Obrador and the Indigenous social movement of
the Oaxaca teachers. The up rise of Indigenous and working class
people has been a continuous trend of unity in Latin America
since Post 9/11, forming an accord of solidarity to bring social
change. In this essay, I argue that the rise of the Latin American
left has been organized by Indigenous grassroots and working
class labor unions challenging neoliberal policies and U.S
relations. Furthermore, I also argue that the left in Mexico creates
social change through a political form of power from below,
where policies and reforms are produced from the working class
and Indigenous sectors. For the past seven decades Latin
American governments have been under the control of top down
politicians whom have regulated the participation of lower
sectors and embraced privatization. This research will consist of
analyzing newspapers, media reports, archival documents,
ethnographic studies of protest, and academic books that
highlight the Indigenous struggle of Oaxaca and Mexican
politics.
087. Sport, Gender/Sexuality and Bodies in Culture
12:00 to 1:30 pm
Session Organizer:
Faye Linda Wachs, Cal Poly Pomona
Presider:
Participants:
Sochi 2014: Homonormativity and Homonationalism in
Mainstream North American LGBT Media Ann Travers,
Simon Fraser University
Framing femininities: The gender politics of “girl-only”
skateboard groups. Becky Beal, California State University
East Bay; Jessica Lee, California State University East Bay
Bay Area Girls' and Womens' Experiences with "Girl-Only"
Skateboarding Matthew Atencio, California State University
East Bay; Missy Wright, California State University East
Bay
Gender and class inequality in youth sport Michela Musto,
088. Poster Session I
Undergraduate Submissions/Undergraduate Poster Submissions
Poster session
12:00 to 1:30 pm
Session Organizer:
Participants:
"Hands Up, Don't Shoot": Police and Vigilante Violence as an
Extension of Old Fashioned Lynching Alisha Agard,
Whitman College
Battle of the Ages: A Retributive vs. Restorative Justice
Approach in a Youth Rehabilitation Center Alexys Martens,
Big Brother Where Are(n't) Thou?: College Students'
Awareness and Perceptions of Contemporary Surveillance
Practices Karisa Streit, Gonzaga University
Maternal Incarceration and Self-Reported Marijuana Use
Amongst Adolescents and Young Adults: Results from a
Case-Control Study Michael Ryan Menefee, Southern
Oregon University
The Enduring Effects of Inequality: Race, Class & Infant
Mortality Simeng Wang, Gonzaga University; Jaspreet
Kaur, Gonzaga University
Welcome to the 'Gun Show': An Examination of Gender and
Policing in Film Morgan Karney, Gonzaga University;
Tracy Rider, Gonzaga University
Wom[y]n of Color Activism in San Diego: A Social Justice
Curriculum Daniela Conde, University of San Diego
With Racial Intentions: Criminalization, Police Violence, and
the 2014 Ferguson Uprising Mya Shanice McMillon,
California State University Channel Islands
Geospatial Distribution and Characteristics of E-Cigarette
Retailers: Are Youth at Risk? Patsornkarn (Nate)
Vorapharuek, Chapman University
Punishment or Pedagogy: Faculty and Student Perceptions of
Syllabi Late-Work Policies Michael Robert Baxter, College
of Western Idaho; Jacob Armstrong, College of Western
Idaho
089. Awards Committee
Committee meeting
1:45 to 3:15 pm
Session Organizer:
Member:
Preston Rudy, San Jose State University
Elizabeth Essary, Pepperdine University
Judith Hennessy, Central Washington University
Julie Shayne, University of Washington Bothell
E. Carolina Apesoa-Varano, UC Davis
Marie Butler, Oxnard College
090. Student Affairs Committee
Committee meeting
1:45 to 3:15 pm
Session Organizer:
Member:
Stacy Bricco, Humboldt State University
Emily Jones, University of Kansas
091. Committee on Teaching
Committee meeting
1:45 to 3:15 pm
Session Organizer:
Member:
Deirdre Tyler, Salt Lake Community College
Mike Chavez, CSU Long Beach
Juan Pitones, CSU Channel Islands
092. Latina/o Sociology
Latina/o Sociology
1:45 to 3:15 pm
Session Organizer:
Paul Lopez, California State University Chico
Presider:
Franklin C Pérez, California State University, Fullerton
Participants:
Controversy in the Sociological Meaning of Changes in
Latina/o Racial Self-Identification Lance Hannon, Villanova
University; Robert DeFina, Villanova University
The results of our analysis of recent General Social Survey data
indicate that: (1) self-identification as Latino is highly stable over
time, (2) self-identification as white among Latinos is highly
unstable over time, with significant changes and reversions back
to the original designation occurring within just a few years, (3)
question wording matters a lot for how Latinos racially selfidentify, and (4) when you compare answers to the same
questions over the 2000-2010 period there is no evidence of
Latino assimilation into whiteness and some evidence that
Latinos might actually feel less close to whites after a decade of
heightened debate about immigration. These results have
implications for a growing body of research on racial fluidity that
has tended to dismiss concerns about question wording as nonsociological, and consequently has over-theorized about variation
rooted more in ambivalence than substantive processes of
identity transformation.
Talking Back to Controlling Images: Latinos, Sports, and
Gangs Jessica Vasquez, University of Oregon; Kathryn
Norton-Smith, University of Oregon
“Controlling images” are central to the reproduction of racial,
class, and gender inequality (Collins 1991: 68), yet there is a
dearth of knowledge concerning the images that aim to constrain
Latinos and how subjects respond to these negative stereotypes.
Drawing from 103 in-depth, life history interviews with Latinos
in California and Kansas, this article answers two research
questions: First, how do controlling images of Latinos as gang
members and sports athletes regulate opportunities, impose
constraints, and channel emotions? Second, how do Latinos
emotionally and behaviorally respond to these imposed
controlling images? Racialized and gender-based stereotypes
aim to control dominated groups yet attending to subordinated
groups’ emotional and behavior reactions returns agency to
oppressed populations. This article argues that controlling
images projected onto Latinos code emotions as only permissible
within gang or sports, harnessing subjects’ emotion and
foreclosing other aspirations. This article fills two gaps in
literature: first, controlling images have been elaborated for
blacks but not for Latinos and second, controlling images not
only sanction behavior but channel emotions, a less-investigated
theme. Analyzing reactions to these stereotypes, which range
from acquiescence to resistance, demonstrates that Latino men
were more saddled by controlling images and more likely to
assiduously protest them than women, revealing an intersection
of race and gender. The regional comparison reveals that a
sizeable Latino population and continuing immigration makes
salient stereotypes of Latinos in California whereas controlling
images exist but circulate more abstractly in Kansas.
Mestizas in the Academy: Latina Faculty and the Negotiation of
their Personal and Professional Lives Marisa D Casillas
Salinas, UC Santa Barbara
Despite gains in the number of female and ethnic minority
faculty, the numbers of both are extremely low within academia.
The majority of female and faculty of color that are in higher
education are disproportionately distributed amongst non-tenure
track positions. This suggests that there are structural
mechanisms at work that either: give unfair benefits or privileges
to men and white professoriate candidates, result in the poorer
performance (research, publications, resumes, etc ) of these
minority groups in relation to whites and men, or discourage
women and ethnic minorities from applying to professoriate
positions. For Latina faculty, a doubly oppressive framework
presents itself on the gendered and ethnic minority status.
Through the use of 8 in depth interviews of various Latina
faculty, I aim to uncover how Latina faculty negotiate their
personal and professional lives. I will be paying close attention to
how these women prioritize their competing simultaneous
expectations of professors, colleagues, mothers, spouses, etc. and
how these expectations shape their own identity/ies and their
personal and professional negotiations. The populations will be
drawn using a snowball sampling technique. Interviewees will be
from Southern California across various 4 year universities.
The Active Civic and Political Participation of Undocumented
and Other Latino Youth Veronica Terriquez, University of
Southern California
In recent years, activist undocumented immigrant youth who
arrived in the U.S. as minors have received significant attention
from media as well as government officials. The activism of
these undocumented, mostly Latino immigrant youth stands in
contrast to the fairly low-levels of political participation among
young adults, especially those of Latino origin who tend to
encounter socioeconomic and other challenges to involvement in
the public arena. What are some of the social mechanisms that
contribute to the high levels of political participation among
undocumented and other Latino youth? What is the role of legal
status in predicting patterns of political participation among
Latino youth? In seeking to identify the factors that facilitate the
activism among Latino youth, this study relies on empirical
analysis survey data from a randomly selected and representative
sample of 1021 Latino youth, as well as a purposive sample of
370 undocumented Latino immigrant rights activists in
California. Survey data are complemented by semi-structured
interview data from 150 Latino youth. Findings offer limited or
no evidence that undocumented youths’ civic participation differs
from that of other Latinos –unless they belong to immigrant
rights organizations. Like their politically engaged, collegeeducated Latino counterparts, undocumented activists’
participation in the public sphere is facilitated by their prior
involvement in politically-salient high school volunteer
associations. At the same time, immigrant rights organizations
play an important role in expanding undocumented youths’ civic
capacities, helping them develop a politicized identity based on
their legal status, and connecting them to multiple opportunities
for participation.
093. Teaching Undergraduate Statistics
1:45 to 3:15 pm
Session Organizers:
Presider:
Panelists:
094. Deviant/Alternative Sexualities and Morality
Sexualities
1:45 to 3:15 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Participants:
"Sexuality Norms for Non-Normative Genders" Gregory Wayne
Serrano, New Mexico State University; Kathryn Elizabeth
Stroud, New Mexico State University
The current research will explore how people of non-normative
gender roles negotiate between sexuality identities. As past
research has shown, individuals who identify as transsexual,
transgender or genderless often have difficulties fitting into the
constraints of gender-specific sexuality labels, such as
heterosexual, homosexual or bisexual. The research will be
compiled by conducting multiple snowball sampling interviews
with people of non-normative gender roles. While the research is
still in-process, we hypothesize that the framework to be used
will be labelling theory. Individuals of non-normative gender
roles are already stigmatized by not identifying within the gender
binary, and therefore might feel more compelled to identify
within the sexuality labels, while feeling the need to qualify
certain aspects of these gendered sexualities.
Fetish Balls, Orgies, and Sexually Themed Events: An
Examination of Large-scale Alternative Cultural Gatherings
Carolyn Benson, Tarrant County College
ABSTRACT The surge in popularity of lightweight BDSM
experienced since the release of Fifty Shades of Grey does not
cross over into the legitimate realm of fetish connoisseurship.
The fetish community is concurrently vast and insular, with
agendas that often surpass that of sexual or psycho-sexual
pleasure. This paper is the first stage of a compilation of work
resulting from three years of field studies and survey work in the
Dallas Fort Worth Metroplex kink scene.
Punishing Sex: Sex Offenders and the Missing Punitive Turn in
the Sociology of Sexuality Trevor Hoppe, University of
California at Irvine
In Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia’s now-infamous dissent
in Lawrence v. Texas (2003), he ominously predicted that the
Court’s decision – interpreted by many as “striking down” state
sodomy laws – would pave the way for same-sex marriage rights.
In hindsight, Scalia’s comments have proven ironically prescient:
many states continue to deploy sodomy laws to lock up those it
labels sexually deviant, while legalized same-sex marriage
nationwide appears to be a question of when, not if. Yet, while
the sociology of sexuality has much to say about the rise of
sexual minority identities, communities, and social movements, it
has far less to say about the state project of punishing sexual
deviance. In this paper, I draw on the sociology of punishment to
analyze a unique set of longitudinal and cross-sectional data on
the population of registered sex offenders in the United States.
While recent figures suggest that incarceration rates have
plateaued and even declined slightly in recent years, I show that
sex offender registration rates continue to rise and that these
policies are disproportionately impacting racial minorities –
particularly black communities but also, in some cases, American
Indians. These findings suggest that the impulse to punish sexual
deviance continues to thrive in American society and that the
impact of these policies is shouldered disproportionately by
marginalized communities. I conclude by considering whether
these data suggest that sex crime is becoming a new mode of
what Jonathan Simon terms “governing through crime.”
Sexual Constraint Theory and Violence: An Evaluation of
Moral Authority Jordan Elkins, Idaho State University
This research focuses on American social conservatism in
regards to normative sexual ideals and culture. Does American
social conservatism, which promotes sexually constraint type
attitudes and behaviors, have an effect on state differential sexual
violence rates? Previous research has shown that the U.S. has
consistently high rates of sexual violence, yet these rates vary
from state to state. This research asserts that these varying rates
of violence are related to sexual constraint ideals. Using Andreas
Schneider’s concepts of “sexual constraint” and “sexual
emancipation”, this study assesses the relationship between these
concepts and that of social conservatism. It asserts that social
conservatism results in sexual constraint ideals and culture. This
study uses Max Weber’s “ideal types”, as evaluated by Andreas
Schneider, in conjunction with his theory A Model of Sexual
Constraint and Sexual Emancipation, Emile Durkheim’s concepts
of collective consciousness, egoism, and anomie, Gottfredson &
Hirschi’s concept of Self Control Theory as evaluated by Sharon
Redhawk Love, and Michel Foucault’s The History of Sexuality,
to examine the ways in which institutionalized social power
works to define sexual norms. The argument is made that these
definitions ultimately repress overt sexual expression and lead to
psychological distress. The repression of expression and the
idealization of sexuality, lead to the social norms and standards
which work to stigmatize sexual behaviors. Sexual constraint
culture leads to unhealthy emotions, such as guilt and shame,
which result in unhealthy behaviors, one of these being sexual
violence. This research examines sexual constraint ideals,
measured in terms of social conservatism, and describes the
manner in which these ideals are related to state-level trends in
sexual violence rates.
095. Alternative Employment Opportunities for Undergraduate
and Graduate Sociology Majors II
Panel discussion
1:45 to 3:15 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Participants:
Applied Interdisciplinary Research with Big Data: Current
Projects at California DMV Bayliss J. Camp, California
DMV
What's a Sociologist To Do? Marcia Bonner Meudell, Kaiser
Permanente
Alternative Careers for Sociology Majors: The Latest
Information from the American Sociological Association
Panelist:
096. Social Structure, Policy, and Health
1:45 to 3:15 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Shih-Chi Lin, University of Oregon
Participants:
Welfare State Context and Individual Health: The Role of
Decommodification in Shaping Self-Perceived Health Karin
Abel, Utah State University
Recent years have seen the emergence of a body of literature that
links the welfare state and health status. This study seeks to make
a meaningful contribution to this small but growing body of
literature by addressing two questions. First, do individuals in
countries with more decommodifying welfare states have better
self-perceived health? Second, does decommodification affect
the health of different population groups in distinct ways? Based
on Esping-Andersen’s seminal work, as well as other relevant
extant literature, this study hypothesizes that individuals in
countries with more decommodifying welfare states will have
better self-perceived health. This study also investigates
hypotheses concerning the ways in which the
decommodification-health relationship differs across various
gender and socioeconomic status groups. Using data from the
World Values Survey and other data sources, this study employs
a multilevel modeling approach to answering the questions of
interest. The results offer little support to study hypotheses.
Market Transition and Health Care Reforms in China and
Russia Shih-Chi Lin, University of Oregon
During the socialist period, both China and Russia were
internationally viewed as shining examples of health advances by
providing a public owned and free basic health care system. The
two countries made substantial improvements—life expectancy
increased and mortality from infectious diseases declined
significantly (Liu et al. 1998). However, market transitions over
the last three decades have led to dramatic changes in health care
system in the two post-socialist countries. This study investigates
this changing pattern using panel data from two longitudinal
survey—China Health and Nutrition Survey and Russia
Longitudinal Monitoring Survey. It is the first attempt in this
literature that tries to identify the effects of policies and reforms
on health care system in the transitional period of China and
Russia. I attempt to use the fixed effects linear model to estimate
the effects and compare the results to alternative models,
including pooled OLS, propensity score matching and fixed logit
model. I expect that market transition has led to decreased health
insurance coverage for individuals and declined public health
expenditure at province level. China’s gradual trade liberalization
policy and mass privatization of Russia’s shock therapy were the
main causes for the decreasing trend.
A Thousand Ways to Die: Healthcare Workers' Perspectives on
Physician-Assisted Suicides Lissette Gordon, University of
La Verne; Sharon K Davis, University of La Verne
The issue of euthanasia continues to be the subject of great social
and political controversy. Attitudes of healthcare workers toward
physician-aid-in-dying (PAID) in states where it is illegal have
been found to be greatly divided (Craig et al. 2007). This study
was done to determine healthcare workers’ current perspectives
on euthanasia. The research questions in this study were: R1: Do
more years of experience in the clinical setting increase
healthcare workers’ positive attitudes toward euthanasia? R2:
Are healthcare workers who are more religious more likely to
have negative attitudes toward euthanasia? R3: Do male
healthcare workers have more positive attitudes toward
euthanasia than female healthcare workers? R4: Do politically
conservative healthcare workers have more negative attitudes
toward euthanasia than liberal healthcare workers? R5: Are
healthcare workers more likely to approve of euthanasia for
terminally ill patients in uncontrollable pain more than for
terminally ill patients who request euthanasia for lost functional
abilities? The sample consisted of 25 practicing healthcare
professionals (nurses and doctors) in Southern California. They
were obtained through non-random, convenience sampling, and
interviewed using structured, open-ended questions. The findings
suggest a relationship between the number of years of experience
as healthcare professional and positive attitudes toward
euthanasia; 77% of healthcare workers with 18 or more years’
experience approved of PAID while only 42% of those with less
than 18 years’ experience approved. Of the participants who selfidentified as religious to some degree, 44% disapproved of
PAID, while of those who self-identified as not religious, only
33% disapproved. Fifty-five percent of male participants and
25% of female participants disapproved of PAID. Political
beliefs influence negative attitudes toward euthanasia; 64% of
conservative participants and only 11% of liberal participants
disapproved of PAID. Fifty-two percent of the participants
approved of PAID equally for the terminally ill patient in
uncontrollable pain and a patient requesting PAID for loss of
functional abilities; 38% of participants approved of PAID more
for uncontrollable pain as opposed to loss of functional abilities.
Typologies were created according to the healthcare workers’
perspectives toward PAID. They include: 1) The Medical
Mavericks (52%) who approved PAID laws and practice, 2) The
Noble Professionals (28%) who disapproved PAID laws and
practice, and 3) The Windwalker Workers (20%) who were
undecided about whether PAID should be legalized or practiced.
Reducing Stigma through Mandatory Licensing for Direct-entry
Midwives: Being Credentialed in a Credentialized Society
Amy Miller, Linfield College
The structure of the U.S. health care system and cultural ideas
surrounding pregnancy and birth in the U.S, position direct-entry
midwives (DEMs) and obstetricians (OBs) as distinct. The value
of these two groups of practitioners is hierarchically arranged
with obstetricians’ education and clinical skills viewed as more
valuable by both the medical community and broader society.
Due to educational and scope of practice differences between the
two practitioners, OBs and DEMs rarely enter into dialogue with
one other. The one situation where practitioners of these two
models are forced to come into contact is during home to hospital
transports. My current project examines whether or not
standardizing licensure and educational requirements for directentry midwives reduces the stigmatization of the profession and
the clients who choose home birth during home-to-hospital
transports. Beginning in 2013, any person practicing direct-entry
midwifery in Oregon is required to be licensed. Although DEMs
are now required to be licensed, recent changes to Oregon’s
Medicaid programs precludes midwives from providing services
to low-income clients. In the full paper, I examine whether
mandatory licensing reduces the stigmatization of DEMs in
Oregon, while simultaneously constrains their ability to serve
women from disadvantaged backgrounds.
097. Youth, Crime and Delinquency
1:45 to 3:15 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Desire Anastasia, Metropolitan State University of Denver
Participants:
Allies and Enemies: Rules and Mores Governing Inter-Racial
Interaction Between Sureno and Crip and Blood Gang
Members in Los Angeles County Robert Donald Weide,
California State University, Los Angeles
This chapter of my forthcoming book entitled, Race War? Inter-
Racial Conflict Between Black and Latino Gang Members in Los
Angeles, examines the formal and informal rules and mores black
and Latino gang members impose on themselves and each other
with regard to the appropriate and acceptable limits of inter-racial
interaction between them, both socially and in the underground
economy. Quantitative findings reveal a neighborhood effect that
influences the rigidity of such rules and mores in different parts
of the city, as well as differences in the rules and mores enforced
by black and Latino gang members on their respective factions.
Qualitative findings provide the depth needed to understand how
interaction between these presumably opposed racialized gang
factions plays out in the every day lives of gang members in Los
Angeles County.
Negotiating, Managing and Challenging Institutional Responses
to the Fear of Gangs Richelle Swan, CSUSM; Kristin Bates,
California State University San Marcos
In this paper, we draw upon findings from a three-year
qualitative study to consider the institutional imperatives that
shape the face of gang lists and civil gang injunctions in San
Diego County and surrounding areas. We will consider the
various ways that these forms of social control are negotiated,
managed and challenged by people and groups in the region.
Cuatro Veces Victimizados: The Criminalization of
Undocumented Mexicano Youth in the U.S. Anna Díaz
Villela, San Francisco State University
Undocumented youth migration to the United States has been
taking place post 1848, yet research has not addressed the
criminalization experienced by undocumented Mexicano youth .
Due to recent immigration law and criminal law overlaps,
undocumented Mexicanos are increasingly incarcerated and
deported back to México without any consideration of their
personal histories nor familial ties within the United States. This
qualitative study is guided by the following orientating questions:
(Q1) How do institutions criminalize undocumented Mexicano
youth, and (Q2) What is the experience of criminalization for
undocumented Mexicano youth? This study follows
retrospectively the lives of two undocumented Mexicano
brothers, beginning in their youth and cumulating to their present
day experiences. This study uses qualitative methods that
include: in-depth interviews, content analysis of inmate
correspondence, content analysis of legal proceeding through
court documents, and observations of current living conditions in
México. This study will provide insight to the criminalization
that occurs within the undocumented community living in the
United States which not only impacts this population, but future
generations of undocumented youth who become of age in the
U.S.
Social Networks, Employment, and Youth Delinquency Dale
Willits, California State University, Bakersfield; Alexa
Kolosky, California State University, Bakersfield
For most individuals, employment is associated with a lower risk
for delinquent and criminal behaviors. For adolescents, however,
research suggests that employment may increase the risk of
engaging in these behaviors. One common explanation for this
discrepancy is that work for adolescents results in exposure to
criminogenic others, including adults and adolescents who are
less invested in school. Research, however, has yet to test this
hypothesis. The current research uses the restricted version of the
National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health)
data to examine the social network hypothesis by comparing the
network characteristics of employed and unemployed youth and
examining the relationship between these factors and adolescent
delinquency.
Foster Care in Reno, Nevada: Does Aging-Out of Foster Care
Increase the Presence of Risk Factors and Criminality?
Matthew Morris Le Claire, University of Nevada, Las Vegas;
Jennifer Lanterman, University of Nevada, Reno
Aging-out of foster care is a difficult experience to endure.
Independent living facilities and assistance programs do exist,
but most assistance ends when a participant turns 21 years old.
This thesis examines the presence of risk factors in aged-out
participants’ lives. Using a Blackian Analysis as the theoretical
framework, aged-out young adults are placed in models where
law is present at a greater level in their lives. With no stable
foundation and support from their families, most participants
succumb to risk factors. Compared with state and national
averages on risk factors (e.g. homelessness, alcoholism,
substance abuse, etc.), aged-out foster care participants are a
vulnerable sub-group. Averages show they are more likely to be
homeless, drink alcohol, and experiment with drugs. Overall, the
results of this study suggest that despite aged-out foster care
participants being a small sub-group, they are disproportionately
represented in the criminal justice system.
098. Talking Circle: Encouraging, Identifying and Supporting
Black Male academic Achievement: What is Needed?
1:45 to 3:15 pm
Session Organizer:
at this time.
Presiders:
at this time.
099. Undergraduate Roundtables II: Sociology of Education I;
Gender II; Race and Ethnicity II; Medical Sociology and
Health; Politics, Globalization, Transnationalism, and
Regional Studies; Migration and Immigration
1:45 to 3:15 pm
099-1. Sociology of Education I
Submissions
Session Organizer:
Participants:
A Place of Their Own: The Role of Student Organizations in
Balancing Identities for First-Generation College Students
Gonzalo Alvarez, University of San Diego
Academic Achievement Differences Between Ethnic and Racial
Groups: Understanding Mechanisms Behind the Disparity
Martin Puga Jr., University of Utah
Afrocentric Curricula: A Powerful Enough Force to Curtail
Negative Classroom Behavior? Larry Eugene McDaniel,
University of California, Berkeley
Building Bridges: The Inclusion of Latino Parents in a College
Access Program Thalia Carolina Vargas, Willamette
University; Grecia E. Garcia Perez, Willamette University;
Pomona
Effects of Skin-Tone on Academic Performance Hanna Kim,
Whitworth University
Discussant:
099-2. Gender II
Submissions
Session Organizer:
Participants:
Identity Formation and Prescribed Gender Roles Among
Female Gamers Euphemia Lee, Western Washington
University
Incentivized Students: How Neutralized Gender Rationalizes
Academic Success Britini Denise Gates, Boise State
University
Performing Genders: A Study of Gender Fluid People Nicholas
John Kahu Mālama Kai Coney, Linfield College
Redefining Motherhood Through Assisted Reproductive
Technologies Lourdes Janethe Camarena, UC Berkeley
Self-Advocacy Portrayed as Deviance: Leadership in
Reproductive Rights Britta Hamre, University of Alaska
Fairbanks
Discussant:
Mary Kelsey, UC Berkeley
099-3. Race and Ethnicity II
Submissions
Session Organizer:
Participants:
Inequality in the Criminological Justice System, With an
Emphasis on Capital Punishment Susana Ruiz-Gallegos,
University of Idaho
Latina/o Students at HSU: Beyond Their Freshman Year Jesus
Perez, Humboldt State University
Trans-racial adoption and a Racially fluid world Horizon Lee
Barnes, Whitworth University
A Tale of Two Cities: A Statistical Comparison of Mexicans in
Two Border Metropolitan Areas Rosalba Rocha, California
State University-Channel Islands
Discussant:
099-4. Medical Sociology and Health
Submissions
Session Organizer:
Participants:
Cancer Screening Patterns for Walla Walla’s Low-Income,
Uninsured Population Arika Wieneke, Whitman College
Fiesta Fundraising: Filling the Gaps of AIDS Service
Organizations in San Antonio Rosa Isela Olivares, Trinity
University
Magical Condom Machines Bobbi Marie Mendoza, Whittier
College
Discussant:
Sophia Lyn Nathenson, Oregon Institute of Technology
099-5. Politics, Gobalization, Transnationalism, and Regional
Studies
Submissions
Session Organizer:
Participants:
Do You Even Politics Bro? A Study of Political Participation
Among College Students Kevin McFeely, Gonzaga
University
The Effects of Studying Abroad on Political Affiliation
Madeleine Tappa, Whitworth University
Hegemonic Masculinity in Trauma Advocacy Nonprofit
Organizations Stephanie Braithwaite, University of the
Pacific
Transformational and Translational work of Local NGO Staff
Souma Kundu, University of California Berkeley
Discussant:
Benjamin Lewin, UNIVERSITY OF PUGET SOUND
099-6. Migration, Immigration, and Models of Development
Submissions
Session Organizer:
Participants:
An Examination of Latino Immigrant Farm Workers,
Construction Workers, Gardeners, Maids and Janitors in
California Nayeli Velasco, California State University
Channel Islands
Asian Immigrants in California: A comparison of Chinese,
Filipino, Vietnamese, Korean, and Asian Indians Max Tyler
Roberts, California State University Channel Islands
Effect of Assimilation into United States: Changes in Mexican
Immigrants’ Perceptions of Treatment of Women Blanca
Araceli Ramirez, California State University, Fullerton
Development and Dependency in Ravaged Haiti: Food
Sovereignty or Garment Exports? Jose Maria Alban,
NGOs and pathways to women’s empowerment in Bangladesh:
BRAC and Nijera Kori Heesu Chung, UC Berkeley
Discussant:
Vikas K Gumbhir, Gonzaga University
100. Committee on the Status of Women
Committee meeting
1:45 to 3:15 pm
Session Organizer:
Member:
Katrina Kimport, UC San Francisco
Amanda Admire, University of California, Riverside
101. Feminisms
Gender
1:45 to 3:15 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Jennifer Puentes, Indiana University Bloomington
Participants:
From Theory to Praxis: The Inclusion of Women of Color into a
White Feminist Organization Alexandra Ornelas, University
of California, Santa Barbara
This study examines how a feminist-identified rape crisis center
in Southern California became bilingual (English and Spanish)
and bicultural. It went from serving mostly English-speaking
sexual assault survivors and staffed predominantly by white
women, to serving both English- and Spanish-speaking survivors
and being staffed predominantly by Latina women. This study
contributes to the research on feminist organizations and the
problems they have faced in diversifying. It also contributes to
the gap in how a feminist organization is able to diversify and
maintain it over several years. I use a qualitative ethnographic
research approach to analyze the following questions: 1) How did
the organization transform from a white feminist organization to
a more inclusive organization that provides services to the wider
community? 2) How did the broadening of its feminist agenda
and inclusion of Latinas affect the organization's structure and
services? 3) How has this commitment to meeting the needs of
the diverse community been implemented, maintained, and
changed over time? Findings indicate that the organization’s
Board of Directors and staff consciously re-structured priorities,
hiring, and service delivery to become a bilingual and bicultural
agency. As part of this process, the Board hired Latinas in staff
and leadership positions. The organization’s leadership
cultivated racial coalitions, in particular powerful white allies on
the basis of their shared commitments to ending sexual violence
and serving all segments of the community.
Postfeminisms: An Intimate History of the Contemporary
Feminist Imaginary kathryn hausbeck korgan, UNLV
In 1981, the New York Times published an editorial announcing
the birth of "postfeminism," instantly raising the spectre of the
death of feminism. Thirty-four years later, American feminists
are still grappling with the shadow of our "post-ed" self, reflected
in both popular cultural imagery and distorted cultural analyses.
This paper examines the contemporary history of American
'spectral' feminisms, which dart through the neo-liberal
imaginary and carve spaces against which feminist activism,
scholarship, and research reside. The post-feminist effect
provides a critical lens from which to view our recent past and
frame an alternative, critical vision of future feminisms. In this
paper, I explore the emergence of postfeminisms in the popular
press in the wake of the original New York Times editorial
announcing the birth of postfeminism. This reframing of
feminism launched an array of commentaries, many of which
proclaimed the death of feminism. Instead, the terrain of gender
politics diversified with the emergence of 3rd wave feminisms.
Using a comprehensive content analysis of pop cultural texts
from the 1980s and early 1990s, juxtaposed against recent pop
cultural endorsements by a new generation of feminists, I
examine the neo-liberal and popular discourses of postfeminism,
and their subsequent impact on gender politics. Specifically, I
argue that with the emergence of postfeminisms, sex became the
terrain upon which debates about feminist body politics played
out between and among feminists, gender scholars, and in the
popular imaginary.
102. Globalization: Media, Culture, and Nation
Globalization
1:45 to 3:15 pm
Session Organizer:
Rebecca S. K. Li, The College of New Jersey
Presider:
William Andrew Hayes, Gonzaga University
Participants:
Developing National AIDS Responses Nolan Phillips,
A massive network of global and local institutions direct foreign
aid in the fight against the global spread of HIV/AIDS, yet we
know little about how the primary point of national contact - the
National AIDS Commission – is established. Similarly, the
propagation and proliferation of multisectoral AIDS strategies
are taken for granted without empirical work that examines these
global processes. Using related theory on the spread of
institutional forms, I examine the causes in the formation of
National AIDS Commissions as well as the spread of
multisectoral AIDS strategies. I argue that the broadening of
development to include health produces an alternative diffusion
pathway based on theorized heterogeneity in the world polity.
Using event-history analyses of primary national and global data,
I test the influences of key political, health, economic, and world
society variables against my argument. The results demonstrate
a diffusion process that departs from established accounts of
global diffusion: models spread quickest to peripheral nations
and are then adopted globally. Moreover, the advent of UNAIDS
and its subsequent activities are highly influential for the type of
strategies and institutional forms that countries pursue. These
results suggest not only that National AIDS Commissions are
formed to address high rates of HIV but also that particular types
of global connections matter more for less-developed countries.
Future research should examine the specific strategies countries
pursue, and more broadly, it should explore additional
institutions and policies that have been linked with development
to determine if the development regime has similar effects in
other fields.
Costa Rica: Still an Exception? Susan Mannon, University of
the Pacific
This presentation will consider recent debates about whether
Costa Rica remains a Central American "exception." Long
considered a social democratic standout in a region characterized
by war and poverty, Costa Rica has built an international
reputation for being different from its Central American
neighbors. This reputation has allowed it to attract a number of
foreign investors and tourists, which has been central to its
neoliberal economic approach since at least the 1990s.
Paradoxically, as the country has moved in a neoliberal direction,
it has eroded the basis of its so-called "exceptionalism." The
presentation will consider this paradox, explore recent events that
have challenged the neoliberal model, and put into context the
very idea of Costa Rican "exceptionalism." In doing so, it will
attempt to enrich scholarly understanding of this small, but
reknowned Central American nation.
Impact on Modernization on Literature & Society Nileshkumar
Laxmanbhai Megha, J.V. Arts & M.C. Patel Commerce
college, Muval, Ta Padra, Dist Vadodara, India
Modernization is a great force which has changed socio –
economic and cultural life across the globe. It has compelled us
to look at life and literature with interrogation. After the
industrialization and the first world war modernization has
reshaped, redefined the concept of man, Literature and society.
Modernization of literature is an important aspect which
questions purpose, predicament and anxiety of the modern man.
Different genres of literature emerged and they attempted to
dramatize or represent multifaceted complexity of the modern
age. Any form of literature takes its raw material or content from
the contemporary socio – economic and political content. The
very concept off history is changed. Bio – graphic criticism is
replaced by textual criticism. Un poetic and un heroic aspects of
human life became the focal point of modern literature. Because
of industrial revolution, labour intensive system is replaced by
capital intensive system. This gave birth to conflict between man
and machine. Migration became inevitable in search of job or
employment. Villages became deserted and concrete jungle
became the order of the day. Romantic ideas and romantic nature
do not find any outlet in modern poetry and novels. There is a
systematic death of community life and deep sense of belonging
to a particular version at all levels of public and private
capitalism exploited the poor and the down trodden and therefore
class consciousness became clearly visible at all levels of public
and private institutions. The very concept of victimhood
expanded on the horizons of new literature of under developed
and developing countries. A special brand of literature of under
developed and developing countries got international
recognization as a literature of protest. After the decline of
British supremacy, new facets of post – colonialism emerged and
literature became the voice of the voiceless. There is a mad rush
for so called economic progress. Cut throat competition, fear of
failure and loss came to be reflected in modern literature. Logic
and rationality became blunt tools and so there is a rise of
existentialism and absurdity. T.S. Eliot’s poetry ‘On The Whole’
epitomizes the condition of a modern man. For Eliot, April is not
a month of pleasure or positive thought. It is the cruelest month.
Evening is not romantic evening but it is like a patient etherized
on an operation table. Love song of J. Alfred Profrock is a
testimony of the experiences and images of modern life. The
world is no more the garden of Eden. It is the waste land. Joyce,
Kafka and D.H. Lawrence captured the modern reality in their
works. Man has lost his identity and freedom. The self becomes a
shadow. A man finds himself transformed into an insect. In
Kafka’s classic ‘the metamorphosis’ the trial and castle present a
horrid picture of modern man. Joyce rewrites homer’s Odyssey
in his master piece ‘Ulysses’ and D.H. Lawrence advocates falic
– consciousness as the true path of salvation for the modern man.
Modernization has demolished the Aristotelian concept of plot.
We have plot less novels, absurd plays like Waiting for Godot.
Action doesn’t progress Novels do not follow a liner pattern.
Direct narration is replaced by stream of consciousness
techniques. Marks of punctuations become irrelevant and the last
50 pages of Ulysses is an open challenge to the traditional form
of narration. Modernization redefined womanhood and feminism
became a powerful torrent in the area of modern literature.
Women came out of the four walls of the house, questioned
patriarchy and asserted that they are independent individuals and
represented their identity in novels, drama and poetry. Virginia
Woolf wrote ‘A Room of One’s Own’ and opened unexplored
avenues of a modern women. Modernization completely
separated an individual from society. Modern man concluded that
society is not a comforting force but an oppressive force. So, he
defined the so – called moral and religious codes of society. As a
result literature become the literature of introspection. The
modern society has lost the sense of fraternity and economic
aspect of an individual become more important. In social
relations, social books and religious books are replaced by
passbooks and cheque books, debit cards and credit cards,
branded clothes, shoes have become buzzword of a modern man.
Personal relationship and genuine friendship have become out of
fashion. The arrival of computer has recreated the real society by
replacing it with social – media networking like Facebook,
Whatsapp, Viber, Twitter, blog etc. The real society is replaced
by the virtual society. Homes have turned into guest houses and
weddings have become the show of money, muscle and political
power. Wedding songs, traditional dance and traditional food are
replaced by D.J., Bollywood dance and junk food. We have a
new generation who are sick of the traditional and classical music
of our rich cultural heritage. They are the die – hard fans of
modern cacophony. It can be rightly said that this modernization
is a story told by an idiot ending in sound and fury signifying
nothing.
103. Social Movements and Counter Movements at the Point of
Inception
1:45 to 3:15 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Min Zhou, University of Victoria
Participants:
Disposition to Participate in Anti-Japanese Demonstrations in
China: Rationalist, Structural, and Cultural Explanations Min
Zhou, University of Victoria; Hanning Wang, University of
Victoria
Nationwide anti-Japanese demonstrations have erupted in China
periodically in recent years. Due to the lack of relevant
sociological research, a key sociological question has gone
unanswered: what individuals are more disposed to participate in
anti-Japanese demonstrations? This study is intended to answer
this question. It investigates social factors underlying
individuals’ disposition to participate in anti-Japanese
demonstrations. To this end, we conducted a large-scale survey
on 1,458 Chinese students from three top universities in Beijing,
including Peking University (PKU), Tsinghua University (THU),
and Renmin (People’s) University of China (RUC) in June 2014.
Building upon the social movement literature, we bring together
three distinct (rationalist, structural, and cultural or cognitive)
perspectives to explain the formation of the disposition to
participate in anti-Japanese demonstrations. The disposition is
shaped by (1) individuals’ rational decision-making process that
considers the efficacy and potential risks of the demonstrations,
(2) the structural influence from interpersonal networks they are
embedded in, and (3) the congruence between the meanings
attached to the demonstrations and individuals’ own cultural
values.
The Genesis of a Conservative Movement: The Tea Party
Movement from Its Inception to the Elections of 2010 Eric
Hanley, University of Kansas; Pooya Naderi, University of
Kansas; Decker Stephanie, Washburn University
This paper advances the argument that the Tea Party
phenomenon is best conceived as a highly coordinated party
movement led by GOP insiders whose efforts were directed from
the outset toward the takeover of the Republican Party. The
empirical analysis shows that GOP operatives played a key role
in the Tea Party movement from the start, organizing
demonstrations that launched the movement in April 2009,
leading local groups that coalesced subsequent to those
demonstrations, and channeling the energies of the members of
those groups toward the election of radically conservative
candidates and the capture of local and state party apparatuses
through the precinct caucus process. Having documented
extensive GOP involvement in the TPM, the paper then considers
the theoretical implications not only in terms of the mobilization
of resource but also the definition of goals and the selection of
means to achieve them.
Splitters!: Lessons from the Father of Secular Humanism and
the Most Hated Woman in America on Cultivating a Social
Movement Lori Fazzino, University of Nevada, Las Vegas;
Ryan T. Cragun, University of Tampa
There has been much debate surrounding the question of if
secular activism constitutes a social movement. High levels of
ideological and political diversity, in-fighting, organizational
fragmentation, and the lack of social and cultural cohesions have
been cited as barriers to the formation of a successful secular
movement. While this is certainly an accurate depiction of the
broader secular community, these tensions are found in all social
movements, many of which were successful in generating social
change. In this paper we address key issues related to the
structure of social movements, specifically movement diversity,
leadership style, and the management of inter- and intraorganizational conflict. Drawing on archival data and interviews
with former and current key personnel from core organizations,
we outline and analyze the origin and evolution of the secular
movement. We apply Whittier’s generational model of
movement continuity and change to examine the relationship
between the cultural milieu, personality, leadership style, and
fragmentation. Our findings illustrate how segmentation and
polycephaly can occur in movements, and while it is certainly the
case that different groups/cells can come into existence without
contention, we argue that contention was instrumental in growing
the secular movement, concluding that for some movements,
conflict can be an asset, rather than a liability.
The politics after catastrophe: understanding the rise of civil
activism in post-Fukushima Japanese society Azumi Tamura,
University of Bradford
This research examines the impact of the Fukushima nuclear
disaster on the political powerlessness in contemporary Japanese
society. Since the failure of the student movement in the 1960s,
imagination for social change failed to take a political form in
Japan. While the economic prosperity assured the legitimacy of
the prevailing system for the majority of people, a desire for
change for some people took the form of violence or the passive
attitude of waiting for a catastrophic event. The Fukushima
disaster in 2011 might be thought of as this ‘event’, a radical
crack in the fixated reality. People found that what they had
believed as a stable life was illusion. Tens of thousands of people
were mobilized into the anti-nuclear movements. The author’s
interviews with the post-Fukushima protesters show that they
were deeply shocked to find that their political indifference
harbored a catastrophe, and that emotion helped them to realize
their responsibility for political commitment. In a complex postindustrial society, political subjects cannot know the impact of
their (in)action, and they become reluctant to act for change. Yet
the disaster told us that we need to continue political
commitment to avoid another tragedy. The author insists that the
post-Fukushima anti-nuclear movement implies a new political
ethics without a notion of an autonomous and conscious subject.
This new activism seems to be an ongoing experiment in which
individuals open themselves up for new connections with the
other people, using their experiences and emotions as impetus for
further commitment.
104. Issues in Migration
1:45 to 3:15 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Participants:
Does Race Matter? Recent Immigrant Students’ Perceptions of
Educational Inequality Duke Austin, California State
University, East Bay; Amanda Bracamontes, California
State University, East Bay; Filip Lopes, California State
University, East Bay; Ha Hoang, California State
University, East Bay
Previous research is quite clear that recent immigrant status and
race both individually affect a secondary student’s educational
opportunities. However, there has been limited investigation of
the compound effect of race and immigration on student
experiences in secondary education. Since Winter 2013, we have
been studying the combined effects of immigrant status and race
on students’ own perceptions of educational opportunities in
order to determine how economic and social inequality can be
ameliorated in this vulnerable and underserved population. We
argue that student perceptions are a critical measure for
determining how their interactions with agents of the school
system frame their experiences in institutions that may be
unfamiliar to them and their parents. Specifically, the study is
evaluating educational inequality for recent immigrant groups of
different racial categories. Our main research question is the
following: How and to what extent does the racial background of
recent immigrant secondary students affect students’ perceptions
of access to educational opportunities? Our study focuses on
three geographic areas—the San Francisco Bay Area, New York
City, and Houston, Texas—three sites of significant historical
and contemporary immigration. One assistant professor and three
California State University, East Bay undergraduate students
have been conducting interviews with recent immigrant high
school students in the San Francisco Bay Area. Our PSA
presentation will highlight our initial findings from this project.
The Impact of Documentation Status on the Educational
Attainment Experiences of Undocumented Latino Students
Brittanie Alexandria Roberts, Portland State University
The purpose of this thesis is to better understand the perceptions
and understandings of undocumented Latino youth and their
pursuits of higher education in. It is primarily concerned with the
educational issues and opportunities facing these students. This
research explores the impact of Latino students’ perceptions of
legal status barriers on their educational attainment experiences.
The different opportunities and obstacles present in access to
post-secondary education for undocumented Latino students
residing in the U.S. are examined. This study focuses on the time
period just after high school graduation, a critical stage in these
students’ lives, when undocumented status is particularly
consequential. Knowledge about students’ perception of their
educational progress sheds light on their educational attainment
experiences; it illuminates important factors associated with their
individual educational experiences. Knowing how undocumented
Latino youth identify and understand the factors that facilitate or
impede their navigation of post-secondary education, will further
inform educators and researchers alike. This study offers the
possibility of identifying additional factors for educators,
researchers, and our communities that hinder or facilitate the
educational navigation and success of undocumented students.
This type of research is significant as this marginalized
population of students lives and works within the American
society; the successes and struggles of these students impacts the
United States as a whole. Moreover, these students possess
amazing potential; we need to better understand and serve this
population in order to both improve their life experiences, and to
benefit from their input and abilities.
From the Iron Cage to ‘La Jaula de Oro’ : A cultural analysis
on the music of Los Tigres del Norte Liliana V Rodriguez,
UC Santa Barbara
The music of Los Tigres del Norte, a famous and highly
acclaimed Norteño group, is known to be politically motivated
and fully charged with an anti-discriminatory discourse aimed at
empowering a marginalized community in the United States.
With many music awards under their belts, this group
undoubtedly has become one of the most famous and popular
multigenerational bands not only in Mexico but also in the U.S.
Although their music ranges from themes of Mexican drug lords
to love affairs, it is the impact of their music on illegal
immigration that is the focus of this paper. They are known as
“the voice” of the undocumented worker for using their music as
a vehicle to create social consciousness on the issue of
immigration. Their music carries forth a progressive political
agenda on behalf of Latino immigrants. In this paper, I argue
that their music serves as a cultural object not only for the
undocumented community in the U.S. but for the Latino
community in general, as the music plays on nostalgic factors
capable of linking listeners to their heritage and roots. Using
Wendy Griswold’s (2013) cultural diamond approach to
analyzing culture, my goal is to provide a concrete analysis of the
music of Los Tigres del Norte in understanding how this form of
art, more than entertainment, can be considered a cultural
phenomenon of its time.
Implications of first language attrition in third generation East
Indians Rani Mirabella, St. Mary's College of California
This bi-national study explores the extent of first language
attrition and its implications among granddaughters living in
India (non-immigrants) compared to those living in the United
States (immigrants). It examines the differences in relationships
between grandmother and granddaughter who share proficiency
in a common language with those who speak only minimum
utterances of the shared language. There are two sample sets for
this study; one in Pune, India and the other in the San Francisco
Bay Area of the United States. Each sample set includes
grandmothers and teenage granddaughters. The sample sets are
further stratified by the level of proficiency in the shared
language in order to provide a fair comparison. The study utilizes
the researcher’s proficiency in Hindi and English to conduct
semi-structured interviews with the participants. The timeline for
this study to be completed is March 15, 2015.
Mothers Across Borders: A Transnational Analysis of Parenting
between Indian Mothers in Edison and Kolkata.
MADHURIMA DAS, University of Oregon
This proposed dissertation is a comparative transnational analysis
of parenting, specifically mothering among Indian immigrant
middle-class mothers in Edison (New Jersey) and middle-class
mothers in Kolkata (West Bengal, India). The central research
question is how does middle-class parenting in the model of
Lareau’s (2003) “concerted cultivation” differ in the two
locations? What are the similarities and differences? This
research along with focusing on transnational comparative
parenting strategies also focuses on middle-class Indian
immigrant women who are confined by immigration laws that
inhibit them from legal employment in the United States. These
women are legal dependents of their husband who are elite
professionals (in Information Technology, investment banking)
in US firms. My research will aim to understand the mechanisms
by which these immigrant women negotiate with this condition
of forced dependency. The project will consist of a detailed
analysis of the everyday parenting strategies adopted by the
mothers in two very different cultural settings. This analysis will
be based on in-depth interviews with middle-class mothers in
both the regions. This project will focus on the various ways
“concerted cultivation” is molded based on the demands of the
immediate socio-cultural setting and the conditions under which
concerted cultivation is shaped. Hence in my research I will aim
to understand the role of mothers as “converters” of capital in
these families and how conversion differs across the two
locations. The contribution of this project is not only it’s
transnational scope but also it’s focus on middle-class parenting
especially within Indian immigrant enclaves.
Social Determinants of Remitting Practices among Bangladeshi
Migrants in Japan Hasan Mahmud, University of California
Los Angeles
Why do migrants send remittances? – In answering this question,
this paper outlines an analytical model to study how society
determines remitting practices adopting a Durkheimian
perspective. Through in-depth interviews and ethnographic
fieldwork among Bangladeshi migrants in Tokyo, it analyzes the
social determinants of remitting practices. It recognizes social
relations between the migrants and their family and relatives as
essential foundation for remitting to occur, while migrants’
adherence to social norms, separation from family due to
immigration policies and social exclusion in Japan, and prospects
for permanent settlement cause variations in qualitatively distinct
remitting practices. While the norm of providing financial
support to the family caused everyone to send money to
Bangladesh, the migrants’ different motivations for investment
demonstrated the differential impact of societal pressure. Hence,
they would engage in conformist remitting, social remitting,
entrepreneurial remitting, or did not remit in absence of social
relations in Bangladesh.
Discussant:
105. Poster Session II
Poster session
1:45 to 3:15 pm
Session Organizer:
Participants:
(Mis)representation of women and their participation in sports:
A media analysis Zoe Nero, CSU EAST BAY
An analysis of the effect of hookup apps on gay culture Blake
Shannahan, Tarrant County College
Behind the Boob-Window: Problematizing Narratives of
Gender and Sexuality in Comic Books Sarah Hartwig,
Gonzaga University
Female Expressions of Beauty in Western Africa Kathleen E
Greaver, Linfield College
Gender Shock: The Hidden Gender Curriculum of Studying
Abroad Mary Faley, Gonzaga University
Gender and Hooking Up: From One Night Stands to "Catching
Feelings" Angela Cowley, Western Washington University
Girl Scouts and Boy Scouts: Socialization and Gender
Expectations as Conveyed Through Merit Badges Amy
Stavig, Western Washington University
Military Service and Body Weight: A comparison of Female
Veterans and Civilians Using NLSY97 Longitudinal Data
Jasmine Strode-Elfant, Western Washington University
Nothing tastes as good as skinny feels: Normalization of
unhealthy diet and exercise behaviors among college women
Sadie Ridgeway, Gonzaga University
The Cult of Thinness: An Examination of Young Women's
Perceptions and Behaviors of Eating, Dieting, and Staying
Thin At A Small Private College Catherine Victoria Nevius,
Gonzaga University
106. Committee on the Status of LGBTQ Persons in Sociology
Committee meeting
3:30 to 5:00 pm
Session Organizer:
Member:
107. Committee on Civil Rights and Civil Liberties
Committee meeting
3:30 to 5:00 pm
Session Organizer:
Member:
Sharon K Davis, University of La Verne
Maricela DeMirjyn, Colorado State University
Carol Ward, Brigham Young University
Becky Beal, California State University East Bay
Susan Palmer, Walla Walla Community College
108. Nominations Committee
Committee meeting
3:30 to 5:00 pm
Session Organizer:
Member:
Judy Howard, University of Washington
Christie Batson, University of Nevada Las Vegas
109. Can you Dig it? Data-Mining Strategies on Race-Ethnicity
3:30 to 5:00 pm
CREM sponsored workshop on Census data mining
Session Organizer:
Sergio Romero, Boise State University
Discussant:
Jerry B. Wong, U.S. Census Bureau
110. Creative Instructional Stategies and Methods
Teaching Sociology
Paper Session
3:30 to 5:00 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Participants:
But WHY?: An exercise for helping students learn how to make
arguments Linda Henderson, St. Mary's University College,
Calgary
Small children always seem to have an answer to the question
“why?” However, by the time students reach university, they
often seem to have lost the ability to make reasoned arguments.
Instead they appear to be focused on memorizing facts and are
often stymied by the question “Why is this information
important?” I feel that being able to make good arguments is
essential to the development of the critical thinking skills that
help students be successful, not only in their academic activities,
but also in pursuit of their career goals. Therefore, in response to
the struggles my students have had with making effective
arguments on essay questions on tests and on written
assignments, particularly in introductory sociology classes, I
have developed a little exercise, using some props from my
sociological toolbox, that has been very effective in helping my
students learn to make better arguments. I would like to share
this exercise with my colleagues, so that they, too, might have
another strategy to help students develop this vital criticalthinking skill!
It's Not the End of the World: Teaching Our Students to Learn
From Their Mistakes Adam G. Sanford, California State
University, Dominguez Hills
For the Millennial generation, childhood and adolescent
experiences of high-stakes standardized testing, helicopter
parenting, and the self-esteem movement create problems for
their success in college and in life. These three factors create a
"perfect storm" of problems, centered around risk-taking and
mistake-making. High-stakes standardized testing instills a
heightened fear of making mistakes, while helicopter parenting
and the self-esteem movement shield students from any real
experience with handling mistakes and their consequences. Since
the college and adult worlds require making mistakes and
learning from them, students with these experiences do not learn
effectively. This paper presents some best practices for using
course projects and class activities to teach students how to make
mistakes and learn from the experience.
No Sugar, No Grains: Understanding Structure and Agency
through Experiential Learning James Courage Singer, Utah
State University
Many middle-class university students have a skewed perception
of the influence of structure on their lives. Because many of them
have been socialized to accept individualist-centered ideologies
(i.e. American Dream), they overestimate their own individual
power. To better illustrate the agency-structure relationship, an
experiential learning activity lasting about one month is proposed
to two different introductory sociology courses (n=150). The
activity requires students to adopt recent medical advice calling
for the rejection of the Standard American Diet (SAD).
Parameters for the activity are the adoption of a low-carb diet
through the elimination of sugar and grains and keeping a daily
journal of the activity, paying special attention to the structure
that pushes them to conform or deviate. Since most products in
the store contain some kind of sugar, primary and secondary
groups pressuring them to conform to the SAD, and a barrage of
media advertisements that uphold the SAD, students often have a
difficult time adhering to the abstention of sugar and grains. The
failure rate for the first semester was over 90 percent. Results
show that students gained a better understanding of the structureagency relationship while simultaneously learning about
socialization. This activity can be tied into other sociological
concepts, such as institutional racism, class relations,
ethnocentrism, and solidarity.
Twitter in the Classroom: Impacting Students' Engagement,
Group Cohesion, and Sociological Application Lucas L
Hanna, University of Northern Colorado; Kelly L Davis,
The purpose of this study is to determine whether using social
media as a teaching aid encourages students to apply sociological
concepts practically. This study investigates how social media
increases student interest in the sociological material, student
engagement, and group cohesion within the students taking the
class. One hundred and thirty introductory level sociology
students participated in this mixed methods study. One class of
65 students was randomly assigned to participate in a series of
assignments that involved using sociological concepts to do
analysis of popular culture through the medium of Twitter. The
control group, another class of 65 students, is participating in a
similar assignment but without the use of Twitter. Students from
both groups completed a pre and post survey to determine their
willingness to participate in a series of assignments using
Twitter, their current social networking habits, and how effective
they believe social media is as a teaching tool. Differences
between the pre and post surveys will be compared to measure
student interest and willingness to use social media as an
educational instrument. Additionally, students from both groups
will complete an abbreviated form of the National Survey of
Student Engagement and results will be compared to determine
whether using Twitter in the classroom effected student
engagement. Finally, the researchers will observe the cohesion
amongst students in the classroom using selected items from the
National Survey of Student Engagement. Data collection is set to
be complete by December 1, 2014.
111. Using Research for the Common Good
Panel discussion
3:30 to 5:00 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Participants:
Creating Estimates and Projections of Holocaust Victims to
Ensure Funding for Care Berna Torr, California State
University Fullerton
Ethnography for Student Success Rima Brusi, California State
University Fullerton
Can Social Research Advance Peace? Lessons from South
African Democratization for the Israeli /Palestinian conflict:
A Frame Analytic Approach Alan Emery, Cal State
Fullerton; Donald Will, Chapman University
Juvenile Competence to Stand Trial: An Analysis of the
Construction and Labels of Competency / Incompetency and
Their Implications for Juveniles Tried in Criminal Court Eva
Alvizo, California State University Fullerton
Using Social Media for Social Good Eileen Walsh, California
State University Fullerton
112. Applying for Jobs in Academia
3:30 to 5:00 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Nelta Edwards, University of Alaska Anchorage
Participant:
Applying for Jobs in Academia Todd Migliaccio, CSUS; Karen
Pyke, University of California, Riverside; Amy J. Orr,
Linfield College; Sally Raskoff, Los Angeles Valley College;
Jennifer Murphy, CSUS
While the experience for applying for jobs is a stressful
experience, this panel offers information to potential applicants
by offering insight into common pitfalls when applying and
interviewing for academic positions. In particular, faculty from
different institutions (community college, CSU, liberal arts, UC)
present specific issues that commonly come up at their
institutions, highlighting for applicants that each institution may
have a different set of interests from applicants.
113. Health Care Systems and Practice
3:30 to 5:00 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
CHARLENE SHELTON, University of Colorado Denver
Participants:
Rural seniors’ medication access: The problem of structural
health literacy CHARLENE SHELTON, University of
Colorado Denver
Seniors who live in rural areas often encounter barriers to
medication access. In this study, low-income seniors from the
San Luis Valley, a remote area in southern Colorado, were
interviewed about their experiences in accessing their
medications. Pharmacists and primary care providers were
interviewed to understand their perspectives on access barriers.
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to understand barriers to
medication access and how seniors cope with barriers and
inconsistent access. Methods: Interviews were conducted with 20
low-income seniors and pharmacists and PCPs from each
pharmacy and public clinic in the Valley. Using a grounded
theory approach, interviews were coded for barriers and coping
strategies. Results: The major barrier to medication access is
seniors’ lack of structural health literacy – the knowledge of how
to navigate through structures that determine the availability of
resources for medication access. Such structures include
insurance, government policies, and corporate policies. Seniors
cope in various ways, some of which affect their ability to adhere
to their medication regimen. Conclusion: Structural Health
Literacy is a new construct within health literacy that has not
been previously described. Structural health literacy is a major
component of seniors’ ability to access medications and adhere to
prescribed treatments. Public health professionals are best poised
to educate seniors about how to understand and navigate
structural barriers inherent in programs such as Medicare.
Without basic education on how programs function and the
benefits to which seniors are entitled, medication access will
remain a problem for seniors.
Perpetuating Reductionist Medicine thru Clinical Practice
Guidelines Manuel Vallee, University of Auckland
Mainstream medicine tends to frame disease in reductionist
terms, emphasizing genetic defects and/or lifestyle choices, while
de-emphasizing contextual causes of disease (such as toxicant
exposures, access to nutritious foods, and neighbourhood
effects). For example, while mainstream medical depictions of
breast cancer emphasize genetic defects (even though the US
government claims genes only account for 10% of breast cancer
cases), they downplay, and in some cases, completely ignore the
role of exposures to harmful toxicants (Steingraber, 2009). To
shed light on the phenomenon I examine the 2011 Clinical
Practice Guidelines (CPGs) for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity
Disorder (ADHD). While previous research demonstrated the
way reductionist paradigms are perpetuated by mainstream media
(Brown et al. 2001) and the medical profession in general
(Steingraber, 2009), CPGs have been underanalyzed. This is a
significant lacunae because CPGs are an instrument through
which mainstream medicine attempts to systematically influence
clinical practice. Moreover, their number has grown
exponentially over the last forty years, with an estimated 2000
guidelines now in existence. Regarding ADHD, over the last
forty years environmental health researchers have found ADHD
symptoms are associated with exposures to a growing number of
different toxicants, including lead, mercury, cadmium, PCBs,
dioxins, organophosphate pesticides, and tobacco smoke. Yet,
very little of this research has made its way into mainstream
medicine’s depiction of the disorder, or its treatment guidelines.
In trying to account for this discrepancy I draw on Brown and
colleague’s (2001) concept of “dominant epidemiological
paradigms,” and Lisa Cogrove’s work (2006) on conflicts of
interest in medicine.
Restricted Opportunities: An Exploration of Electronic Health
Record Use by Women in Medical School Monica Cuddy,
University of Delaware; Barret Michalec, University of
Delaware
Medical education historically has restricted opportunities for
women wanting to become physicians in the United States. A
contemporary example of where educational opportunities may
be limited for women is in the use of electronic health records
(EHRs), particularly within surgical training settings where
systems of gender inequality traditionally have excluded,
marginalized, and devalued female students. While the
Association of American Medical Colleges recently emphasized
the importance of providing students with hands-on experiences
within EHRs, little is known at the national level about the
degree to which medical students use EHR systems and if this
utilization varies by gender. Therefore, this study focuses on
medical students in surgery rotations and explores potential
gender differences in EHR use. It situates medical education as a
location in which structural constraints and individual decisionmaking processes interact to create opportunities and obstacles
for students. Survey responses related to EHR use for 3,606
students from 149 US medical schools who graduated in 2012 or
2013 were analyzed. Multilevel modeling techniques were used
to examine the effect of student gender on EHR use, after
accounting for other student- and school-level effects. Results
indicate that males in surgery rotations were 1.3 times more
likely than females to enter information into an EHR.
Interestingly, no gender-related differences were observed in
other clinical rotations. The reasons for these findings are beyond
the scope of the present analysis. However, fewer opportunities
for active participation in EHR systems may ill-prepare women
for postgraduate training as well as for safe and effective
practice.
Northern Exposure: A comparison study of Alaska and Yukon
models of measuring community wellbeing Kent Gordon
Spiers, University of Calgary
The main objective of this study was to examine models of
measuring community wellbeing in Alaska and Yukon to
determine if they were Research suggests communities that
establish an agreed upon model of measuring community
wellbeing will benefit by having an increase in public
involvement in local decision-making, and larger capture of
material wealth and empowerment over resource management.
The core problem is that while many communities have started to
develop ways to evaluate wellbeing, there is a lack of research on
the various models in the Arctic. There are several unique
challenges to developing a model in Arctic communities such as
the clash between mainstream and Indigenous definitions of
wellbeing, the lack of data and small population sizes. For this
study I conducted an in-depth search for publically available
models in Alaska and Yukon and conducted semi-structured
interviews with experts.
114. Author Meets Critic: Victor Rios Punished: Policing the
Lives of Black and Latino Boys (NYU 2011)
3:30 to 5:00 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Discussants:
Victor Rios, University of California, Santa Barbara
Cid Martinez, University of San Diego
Edward Orozco Flores, University of California Merced
Dan Morrison, Pepperdine University
115. A Sociology of Faculty Unions in Higher Education
Presidential Sessions
Panel discussion
3:30 to 5:00 pm
Session Organizers:
Presider:
Panelists:
Michael Dreiling, University of Oregon
Jose Padin, Portland State University
Martin Manteca, SEIU Local 721
Lillian Taiz, Cal State Los Angeles
Jennifer Jean Reed, University of Nevada, Las Vegas
116. Undergraduate Roundtables III: Crime, Law, and Deviance
I; Sociology of Education II; Gender III; Social Movements
and Social Change; Sport and Leisure; Lifecourse, Youth, and
Aging
3:30 to 5:00 pm
116-1. Crime, Law, and Deviance
Submissions
Session Organizer:
Participants:
As Seen on TV: Forensic Science on the Screen versus In the
Courtroom Bailey Jane Nash, Gonzaga University
Dean's List Delinquents: Techniques of Neutralization and
Deviance in Private University Students Mararita Bray,
Gonzaga University
Romance and Revenge: A Gender Study of Deviant
Neutralizations After Breakups Christopher Joseph Fucile,
Gonzaga University
Sports Participation and Anti-Social Conduct among High
School Students Paul Warner, University of Portland
Discussant:
Lori Fazzino, University of Nevada, Las Vegas
116-2. Sociology of Education II
Submissions
Session Organizer:
Participants:
Factors that influence transfer rates among California
community college students Adrian Luis Trinidad,
Fourth and Goal: A Comparative Analysis of Student-Athlete
Educational and Social Experiences Sean Khalifehzadeh,
Intercultural Ambassadors: Foreign Students’ Conflict and
Expectations Revisited Luz Elena Cortes, Boise State
University
Discussant:
116-3. Gender III
Submissions
Session Organizer:
Participants:
It's All Just Tubes and Goo Deep Down: Redoing Gender in
Polyamorous Relationships Aubrey Limburg, Portland State
University
The Saliency of Gender in Sex Trafficking Katelyn Henson,
Linfield College
Unpretentious Northwest Rape Culture: An Analysis of the
Formation and Nature of Whitman College’s Rape Culture
Sayda Valentina Morales, Whitman College
Women Soldiers: Aspirations vs. Limitations in the 21st
Century Joseph Anton Yasen Shorma, University of Portland
Masculinity and the Cultural Influences on Machismo in Latino
Males Gregory Topete, CSU Stanislaus
Discussant:
116-4. Social Movements and Social Change
Submissions
Session Organizer:
Participants:
Awareness as a Movement Jennifer Burkhard, California State
University
Identity and Civic Engagement: Studying Civic Responsibility
and Intersectional Political Awareness among South LA
Youth Luna White, University of Southern California
Minority Mobilization and Political Participation: An Analysis
of Occupy the Hood Jennifer Segura-Diaz, University of
California-Berkeley
The Transformation of Tibetan Identity Jia Mang, Linfield
College
Discussant:
116-5. Sociology of Sport and Leisure
Submissions
Session Organizer:
Participants:
Shark Attack Victims: a Sociological Perspective Ashley Rose
Florian, Humboldt State University
The Social Role and Influence of Music on Sports and Leisure
Participants Havalind Farnik, California State University,
East Bay
Discussant:
Matthew Atencio, California State University East Bay
116-6. Life Course, Youth and Aging
Submissions
Session Organizer:
Participants:
Aging Out of Youth Culture: An Exploration of Lifestyle and
Career Choices in ‘Punk’ Adults Micah K Carlson,
Definitions of Adulthood and Coming-of-Age Consumerism in
the US and Japan Madison Munn, Whitman College
Facilities for Children of Inmates: A Look at Community
Reunification Strategies within Programs Jamaeca Dedrick,
Homeless migratory youth: Why do they leave and where do
they go? Alanna Panter, Whitworth University
What's There To Cheer About?: How Does Cheerleading Affect
Young Girls Of Color's Identity Sekani Robinson, California
State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Discussant:
117. Publications Committee
Committee meeting
3:30 to 5:00 pm
Session Organizer:
Member:
Kari Lerum, University of Washington Bothell
Natalie Boero, San Jose State University
David Boyns, California State University, Northridge
James Joseph Dean, Sonoma State University
Xuan Santos, California State University, San Marcos
Celia Winkler, University of Montana
Ellen C Berg, CSU Sacramento
Manuel Barajas, California Statue University Sacramento
Eileen Otis, University of Oregon
118. Men and Masculinities
Gender
3:30 to 5:00 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Cristen Dalessandro, University of Colorado Boulder
Participants:
"Hey, You! Get your damn hands off her!": How masculinity
affects the performance and the perceptions of women
cosplayers in popular culture conventions. Bernabe
Rodriguez, California State University, Fullerton
San Diego Comic Con is a large gathering of the popular arts.
Attendance to this convention is increasing, and has reached an
average of 130,000 people within the last couple of years. There
are many norms that exist within this subculture. One of the most
popular is cosplay, which is a combination of costume and play.
Men and women both engage in this fun behavior, but the
experience is not the same. Women are more likely to be groped,
harassed, and approached to take photographs without consent.
Why are there some men who act this way among women
cosplayers? This research seeks to add to the literature on
conventions by addressing some key points. First, by asking men
to explain the importance these conventions have in their life as
fan of popular culture. Second, by viewing how men understand
the act of cosplay, and why it is important within con culture.
Third, trying to understand how men perceive women who
cosplay, and how this results in troublesome behavior for
women, that will ultimately ruin their experience within
conventions.
Bodies, Booze, and Bros: An Ethnographic Study of
Hegemonic Masculinity and Las Vegas Day Clubs
Christopher Vito, University of California Riverside; Julisa
McCoy, University of California Riverside
While there has been substantial literature on the social
construction of gender at nightclubs, the difficulty in accessing
insider status at Las Vegas day clubs provides a significant
contribution to the literature. Using theories of the social
construction of gender and hegemonic masculinity, this article
identifies three central themes identified through participant
observation at Las Vegas day clubs. First, day clubs are a unique
site of the construction of masculinity through the body. Second,
they provide a site of gender hierarchy and hegemonic
masculinity among men. Finally, they are important in
understanding group interaction both between and amongst men.
College Men's Conceptualization, Communication, and
Interpretation of Sexual Consent Logan Z Marg, University
of California-Riverside
Though a wealth of research has examined various aspects of
sexual violence and sexual assault, there has been very little
research on the social construction of sexual consent or how
culture influences perceptions of sexual consent. Of the limited
research on sexual consent, few studies rely on qualitative
methodology. It is not well understood how sexual consent is
conceptualized, communicated, and interpreted in specific
contexts and among ethnically/racially diverse populations.
Conceptualization refers to how sexual consent is defined and
thought of, communication refers to how sexual consent is
communicated to partners, and interpretation refers to how and in
what ways a partner’s sexual consent is understood and
interpreted. To fill these gaps, the first part my proposed research
will utilize quantitative methods to examine the rape myth
acceptance attitudes of an ethnically diverse sample of male
students at the University of California-Riverside (UCR). Rape
myths are highly prevalent attitudes and beliefs that serve to
justify rape and blame survivors of rape. Previous research links
strongly held beliefs in rape myths to sexual aggression, hostility
towards women, and sex role stereotyping. The second part of
my proposed research will follow up with a male sample of UCR
students who strongly believe in rape myths in order to assess the
relationship between those beliefs and the men’s
conceptualizations, communications, and interpretations of their
own and their partner’s sexual consent. My research will also
build upon recent research by using qualitative methods to
examine this sample of male UCR students’ use of aggressive
and deceptive behaviors prior to and during sexual activity, such
as physical force, coercion, and lies.
Gunning for Manhood: Firearms and the Construction of
Militarized Masculinity William Rocque, University of
Redlands
This study explores online gun culture and the ways in which
firearms are used to construct a certain type of masculine identity
steeped in militarism and traditional ideas of men as protectors of
family and nation. One important image found in contemporary
gun culture is that of the “citizen soldier,” which harkens back to
colonial times when every able-bodied man was required to
report for militia duty. This figure is a vital link between guns,
masculinity, and nationalism in that it may be used to construct
identities that are at once patriotic and fully masculine viz a viz
gun ownership. The militarization of US culture and the
valorization of military masculinity as the ideal masculinity
confirms guns a necessary part of being a man within the broad
narrative of violence as the ultimate resort for settling scores or
achieving justice. Moreover, alternative forms of masculinity that
do not embrace guns are marginalized and subordinated as being
lesser forms of masculinity. Thus, guns are involved in processes
of gender policing, narrowing options for men and normalizing
violent masculinity.
The Transition from Fear to Privilege?: How Trans Men
Experience Fear of Victimization Lou Baker, Northern
Arizona University
The aim of this paper is to understand how transgender men
experience fear of crime, particularly fear of sexual violence, as
they transition from female to male. Trans men are men who
were assigned to the female sex category at birth, but
individually and socially identify as male. For the purpose of
this study my focus will be on trans men who live publically as
male in their everyday lives. This is a significant factor because
regardless of a person’s individual gender identity, it is their
perceived gender that guides social interaction. Because trans
men were assigned female at birth, they learn “do gender” as
female. A key aspect of doing gender as female involves
internalizing normative expectations of women as weak and
submissive in opposition to the dominance of men. Women learn
about the threat of sexual violence at an early age and internalize
codes of behavior in order to avoid victimization. Although, fear
can be influenced by a number of factors research shows that
being a woman has a significant effect on fear of crime. I
question whether trans men internalize this fear prior to transition
and, if so, how it is altered by the adoption of a male identity. To
explore this topic I will conduct semi-structured interviews with
approximately seven trans men. I will then transcribe the
interviews and use an inductive approach to analyze the
transcripts for themes.
119. Globalization, Development, and Instability
Globalization
3:30 to 5:00 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Participants:
Analyzing the Relationship between Globalization and the
Development of the Educational Spheres of Developing
Countries. Ronald James Evans, University of Nevada, Reno
Debate over the merit of globalization often hinges upon the
perceived economic benefits that are claimed to be accelerated in
developing societies. However long term economic benefits
depend upon the sustainability and stability of a nation’s
economy, and a sustainable economy depends upon the nation’s
ability to educate its workforce to the extent that they can fulfill
the various roles required to maintain a global economy. In this
sense, understanding the link between globalization and the
educational development of developing societies is of paramount
importance. Similar to the point that sustainability is a critical
component of a developing nation’s perceived economic growth,
sustainability is likewise an important factor in the change
experienced in the educational sphere of the developing nation.
In this sense, the development of the educational sphere cannot
be understood merely through an analysis of its results, but must
also factor in structural issues that dictate its lasting effect on
society. This paper combines these two approaches of
understanding the educational sphere by not only looking at
performance based measures such as literacy and enrollment
rates, but by also examining structural qualities of the
educational sphere such as funding origins and demographic
shifts. In this study I examine the effect of globalization on the
development of the educational spheres of developing countries.
Globalization and Instability in Syria Rebecca S. K. Li, The
College of New Jersey
The high degree of territorial disintegration experienced by Syria
in the aftermath of the 2011 uprising is often attributed to the
authoritarian nature of the regime that caused dissatisfaction
among the masses and the use of social media that helped
protestors spread information and communicate among
themselves during the uprisings. In this paper, I argue that
another force of globalization was also responsible for
destabilizing Syria on the eve of the 2011 uprisings. Since the
1990s, the Assad regime began to implement economic
liberalization in an attempt to strengthen Syria’s economy. The
result was increased foreign investment with foreign banks
operating in Syria, allowing higher percentage of domestic banks
to be owned by foreign banks and the entry of multi-national
banks such as Citi group. The old elite (government workers and
supported of socialist policies) were alienated, and the new
economic elite benefited as crony capitalists, and the non-elite
segments alienated as state services deteriorated. The 2008
global financial crisis brought credit crunch in Syria, causing
failure of businesses and unemployment to rise. As a result, the
winners of economic liberalization were disenchanted, and
alienated elite and opponents of the regime found new
opportunities to challenge the state. The weakened state political
power rendered the Syrian regime, when coupled with rapidly
growing distribution dynamic—rapid movement of
Marx's Human capital theory and it's controversial use on the
example of Turkmenistan Sofiya Yuvshanova, Utah State
University
For more than 200 years, since the first work of Thomas Malthus
on Population increase, people are concerned about influence of
population growth on economic development. The major concern
of increased population in the era of globalization is how to
ensure sustainable development for future generations. The most
potential way to ensure sustainable development is the
investment in people, in other words, to “grow” or “build”
human capital. Under human capital is considering people, with
knowledge and skills, as well as health that will allow them to
adapt to changes of the modern world. Education is not just a
simple availability of diploma, but possibility of a person to
apply his skills in the changing environment and adapt quickly to
new requirements, so education should be qualitative. Under
health, must be taken into account the overall health conditions
of a persons and not just a simple availability of the medical
services, but the qualitative services. In other words, I’m
concerned about “quality” of life and “qualitative” people.
120. Legislative and Political Party Activism
3:30 to 5:00 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Genevieve Minter, University of Nevada Las Vegas
Participants:
Framing Breed Specific Legislation Genevieve Minter,
University of Nevada Las Vegas
This paper explores the frame alignment of Breed Specific
Legislation (BSL) laws that regulate and ban certain high-risk
dog breeds. In the 1980’s, rates of dog bites, maulings, and
fatalities increased, most of which has been attributed to the pit
bull (Wiess, 2001). BSL supporters claim that pit bulls are
genetically dangerous, and argue to enact laws to muzzle,
spay/neuter, fence, insure, license and restrict ownership, and/or
ban breeding practices to humanely phase out this breed.
Conversely, those in opposition to BSL support the contention
that BSL is ineffective, reactionary, and fails to address the
complexity of the issue such as breed misidentification,
irresponsible ownership, and media sensationalism. This paper
proposes a content analysis of the most recent data on dog bite
fatalities to inductively explore media portrayals of the dangerous
breed issue and support/opposition to BSL. This project will
contribute to the growing body of multi-disciplinary research
surrounding BSL.
Modifying Death: Death-Awareness as Social Change Nicholas
J Mac Murray, University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Individuals, groups and organizations across the United States
today are working to bring awareness to topics relating to death
and dying. In diverse ways, these people call attention to the
social norms and structural arrangements surrounding how death
is currently conceptualized and practiced. Taken together, these
factions represent a death-awareness campaign. While the
sociology of death is an expanding subfield with many recent
elaborations, scholars have yet to examine these topics through
the lens of social movement theory. Perspectives interested in
cultural or life-world politics remind us that social change actors
work to affect change and overcome repression on varying levels
of the social order, including every day, taken-for-granted,
normative beliefs and practices. Examining the deathconsciousness campaign in this way draws attention to the
current conditions of death and dying in the U.S. and offers new
and exciting lines of scholarly consideration for students of social
movements as well as the sociology of death. The goal of this
research is not to determine whether or not this campaign meets
the criteria of a social movement. Instead, the focus is on the
social change these actors are working to bring about, the current
social conditions they hope to modify and the theoretical
implications of their actions.
The Drug War, Social Movements and the Repeal of Cannabis
Prohibition: Changing Public Opinion Sean Boylan,
In the United States, the ideology established by nearly a century
of harsh, punitive drug policy has affected millions of lives and
contributed significantly to unrivaled rates of incarceration. But
this ideology is being challenged by social movements and
signified by the precedent-setting legalization of recreational
cannabis in Washington and Colorado in 2012. As more states
vote on and pass similar propositions in the next few years, we
will begin to see a markedly different ideological landscape in
the nation that currently leads the War on Drugs. I intend to
establish the history of drug policy and specifically cannabis
policy in the United States, and particularly analyze the process
that has been undertaken in Colorado considering the state of the
new policy more than one year into implementation. I will also
consider the success of social movements in effecting change to
the dominant ideology. Then, I will cast an eye forward to the
implications and repercussions of the path we have set out upon,
with attention to the role of social movements concerning
legalization in contrast with the early movements to illegalize.
Cannabis policy in the U.S., like the majority of drug prohibition
policy, was not implemented for any legitimate medical or public
health purpose, but rather on the basis of institutional and
economic advantage which bears a legacy of race and class-based
discrimination. It is imperative to our struggle for social justice
that we consider less punitive drug policy and challenge the
myths of the drug war.
The Institutionalization of Social Movements: The Case of
Animal Rights Specific Political Parties Internationally
Christine Tomlinson, University of California, Irvine
The animal rights movement has existed in some form for over a
century, but more recently this movement has been emerging
more often in more institutionalized forms. Currently, there are
thirteen animal rights political parties in eleven nations. These
recent developments present an interesting puzzle – why,
particularly in countries with multiple organizations already
dedicated to animal rights, have these political parties formed?
And what causes the formation of these parties, when they are
not present in all similar nations? This project seeks to better
understand the causal conditions, or possible variables that can
contribute to the achievement of a successful outcome, that
promote the formation of these specialized political parties. This
study will expand our understandings of political party
formation, particularly the development of special-interest
parties, as well as our understandings of the institutionalization
of social movements, an area that is currently under-studied.
Using qualitative comparative analysis and content analysis, this
project will focus on the ten Western nations in which twelve
animal rights oriented political parties have been established
between the years 1993 and 2010.
121. Migrant Health
3:30 to 5:00 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Augustine Kposowa, University of California, Riverside
Participants:
Ethnic Variations in Immigrant Health: An Analysis of Six
Immigrant Groups Megan M. Reynolds, University of Utah;
Jen'nan G. Read, Duke University; Alla Chernenko,
University of Utah
Leading explanations for immigrant health disparities in the
United States derive mainly from studies of Mexican immigrants.
Despite the rapid growth of immigrant groups from other regions
of the world, much less is known about their health profiles.
This study uses data from the 2000 through 2007 National Health
Interview Surveys to examine systematically how well theories
of immigrant health apply to six groups of immigrants, with a
focus on differences by region of birth. The results reveal
tremendous diversity in health patterns across immigrant groups.
Immigrants from Africa and India have much more advantaged
health profiles than Mexican immigrants, while European and
Middle Eastern immigrants have health profiles more in line with
Mexicans. We test possible explanations for such variability and
suggest avenues of future research to more fully understand the
increasingly diverse health trajectories of newer immigrant
groups.
Sources of Distress and Resilience among Afghan Refugees in
the U.S. Carl Stempel, CSU East Bay; Nilofar Sami, UC
Berkeley
We present findings on sources of mental distress and resilience
among 260 Afghan refugees in northern California. Data come
from the Afghan Community Health Survey conducted in 200708. We assess the relative influence of pre-migration, external
displacement, and resettlement stressors on Talbieh Brief
Distress Inventory scores. Resettlement stressors explain more
variation in distress levels than pre-migration and external
displacement stressors combined. Several measures of
acculturation are tested, with findings fitting models of dissonant
acculturation and an ‘attenuated’ ethnic orientation. Significant
resettlement stressors include perceived discrimination,
maintaining family roles and ties, extended family ties,
employment, dissonant acculturation, and gender ideology.
Several resettlement stressors are highly gendered. Dissonant
acculturation is positively associated with distress for men, but
not for women. Maintaining family roles and ties is a source of
resilience for women, but not for men. Extended family ties
reduce distress for women, but increase it for men. Women with
a non-traditional gender ideology have higher levels of distress,
but non-traditional men have lower distress levels. We theorize
that divergent sources of distress for men and women reflect
structured opportunities to perform salient gender role identities
(Thoits 1991) and the gendered shape that dissonant
acculturation has taken in this Afghan community.
Occupational Related Injury and Disability Among
Unauthorized Latino/a Immigrants in Los Angeles,
California Angel Serrano, Univrsity of Southern California
Although unauthorized immigrants might be encountered at any
level of the labor market, they tend to concentrate in marginal
and low-wage jobs. At the workplace, their condition as
undocumented render them highly vulnerable to unsafe working
conditions, forced labor, harassment, and working for less than
the minimum wage. Immigrant workers in general face higher
risk than native workers for occupational injuries and illnesses.
Among the Latino immigrant population, occupational injuries
are disproportionately present. Under these circumstances, it is
legitimate to ask what does occur when unauthorized Latino
immigrants have to deal with a severe occupational related
injury? How are their employment lives affected by injury and
disability in a context characterized by precariousness and
vulnerability? How do precariousness and work exploitation
relates with disability in their lives? Based on the study of
personal narratives, I explore the links among unauthorized
immigration, health and employment on the lives of unauthorized
Latino/a immigrants who have experienced severe work related
injuries, and those living with an occupational related disability
in Los Angeles, California. The study of the relation among
employment, health and unauthorized immigration is crucial to
understand how structural violence related to social hierarchies of
class, race and citizenship becomes embodied in the form of
suffering and disease.
Discussant:
122. Poster Session III
Poster session
3:30 to 5:00 pm
Session Organizer:
Participants:
#Blessed: How college students, religious or non-religious,
interpret or understand the Prosperity Gospel. Kevin
Weigand, Gonzaga University
Diversity Disconnect At Universities in the Pacific Northwest:
Folklore, Myths and Misconceptions Hannah Terese
Whitley, Oregon State University
Ethnocide of Deafness Nathaniel Bruce Higby, Whitman
College
Exploring Philanthropic Tourism: A Lesson in Harnessing
Tourist Dollars for Community Development in Nicaragua
Colin E Woekel, Oregon State University
Female Foster Youth's Transition to Independent Living Lucero
Noyola, University of Southern California
Friends Buy You Beer, Good Friends Buy You Adderall: The
Culture of Prescription Stimulant Use and Abuse at a Private
University Jaimie Huck, Gonzaga University
What Box(es) Do I Check?: Negotiating “Mixed” Race Identity
Jacquelyn Urbina, Gonzaga University
Motivation or Humiliation?: Examining Teachers’ and
Students’ Perceptions of Verbal Abuse in Chinese Middle
Schools LEI FENG, University of California, Los Angeles
"The Babysitter as a Family Member or Employee?: A Unique
Case of Altercasting". Michaela Torrie, Chapman University
"Bridging the Gap: Antiques, Nostalgia and Connecting the
Generations" Sarah Persau, Chapman University
123. Innovative Teaching Techniques: A Work Session to Share
Best Practices
5:15 to 6:45 pm
Session Organizer:
Toska Olson, The Evergreen State College
Presider:
Participants:
Map Power: Teaching Globalization Cartographically Lata
Murti, Brandman University; Michael Moodian, Brandman
University
Using an Aggregate Point System to Help Students Succeed
Learning from and Integrating Students’ Experiences through
Participatory Education in Large Lecture Classes Karen
Pyke, University of California, Riverside
No Sugar, No Grains: Understanding Structure and Agency
through Experiential Learning James Courage Singer, Utah
State University
124. Instructional Choices and Course Transformation
Teaching Sociology
Paper Session
5:15 to 6:45 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Participants:
Teaching Intro Using Open Access (Free) Resources Daniel
Poole, University of Utah
In an attempt to alleviate the financial burden of expensive text
books for my students, I am working on developing an Intro to
Sociology course that does not require any paid materials. I am
implementing an Open Educational Resource text book that is
free for anyone to download. I will discuss the benefits,
limitations, and lessons learned from engaging this model of
instruction.
T-tests, ANOVAs, and Logistic Regression: Analyzing How
Statistics Instructors Choose Which Techniques to Teach.
Robert W. Reynolds, Weber State University
This paper examines how social statistics instructors choose to
teach particular statistical techniques, and the roles textbooks,
pedagogy, and preparation for careers and graduate school play
in the decision making process. An online survey was
administered to sociology faculty teaching undergraduate social
statistics courses. Questions about how they chose which
statistical techniques to teach, the instructor’s educational
background in statistics, and current usage of statistics in their
personal research, as well as questions on amount of required
hand calculations, statistical packages, and textbook choice were
also asked.
Team-Based Learning in Small and Large Classes: Reflection
on Transforming a Social Psychology Course Aya Ida,
California State University - Sacrmaneto
Team-Based Learning (TBL) is a unique collaborative learning
method in which students become active rather than passive
learners and a teacher becomes a guide rather than a performer
on stage (Sweet and Michaelsen 2012). In this presentation, I
will share my experience of transforming two social psychology
classes from a traditional lecture-based course to TBL course,
which varied in size. Following the traditional TBL framework,
my course has six units (i.e., topics), and each unit follows four
steps. At Step 1, students first take a quiz individually based on
assigned reading. Following the quiz, they work on a group quiz
using an IF-AT Form (i.e., a scratch-off card which shows the
answer instantly as the team discusses the right answer). Then,
after the quizzes, students work on Question Analysis Report, in
which students worked together to either 1) appeal for a question
that was confusing or misleading or 2) develop one question that
is based on the textbook, which may appear in the exam. Step 2
is the shorter version of “traditional” lecture. As the step 1
requires students to read the textbook before and during the class,
the lecture is brief. At Step 3, students have two team activities
in which they practice application of any theory, concept, or
perspective introduced in the unit: one based on a video and
another based on an assigned application reading. Finally, the
Step 4, a recap lecture takes place as needed to clarify any
confusing concept, theory, or idea.
I Don't See Color: Teaching Race and Racism in Color-Blind
Racist Classrooms Anna C. Smedley, University of Nevada,
Las Vegas
As our undergraduate student bodies in the U.S. grow
increasingly more racially and ethnically diverse, graduate
students remain largely white. In fact, 74.3% of all doctoral
degrees granted in the 2009-2010 academic year were granted to
white students (nces.ed.gov). So, while graduate students may
very well still be learning about race and ethnicity themselves,
many sociology graduate students must also learn tools for
teaching about race, racism, and racism’s multi-dimensional
nature. In today’s multicultural/post-civil rights society
undergraduate students are the benefactors of equity based
policies and initiatives of the civil rights era and decades of antiracist work. As a result, many undergraduate students feel far
removed from an era of overt racism and do not participate
regularly in anti-racist discourse. In the classroom this can
translate into what Bonilla-Silva calls color-blind racism, the
notion that we live in a post-race society where race is no longer
a defining feature and racialized privilege no longer exists. In a
color-blind racist classroom students struggle to see that racism
happens not just at the individual level, but also at the structural
and systemic level, and that racism continues to exists, though
sometimes difficult to identify because of its ever-changing
nature. Without tools to talk about race and racism in a
meaningful way, a color-blind racist classroom can be a daunting
space for instructors. In this paper I propose a model for teaching
undergraduate students about race and racism that is three tiered.
First, I suggest introducing students to the application of the
sociological lens by exploring how historical and contemporary
social forces influence their own racial and ethnic identities,
paying particular attention to how race is socially constructed and
to the concepts of privilege, marginalization, and
intersectionality. Second, I suggest teaching racism from a multidimensional perspective that includes: individual racism, both
subtle and overt; structural racism; and systemic racism. In this
phase students can draw from their own lived experiences,
testimonies of their peers, empirical evidence, and critique larger
social structures. Finally, once students have tools for thinking
about race and ethnicity sociologically, I suggests using BonillaSilva’s central frames of color-blind racism to help students
challenge every-day racism in its informal nature. Considering
that race and racism content is a vital component of introductory
level courses in sociology, this model can be a useful tool for
graduate student instructors who may not be race scholars
themselves yet want to dialogue about race in meaningful and
instructional ways in the classroom.
125. Sexuality and Intersectionality
Sexualities
5:15 to 6:45 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Participants:
Queer South Asians in the U.S: Rethinking and Contesting
Belonging Shweta Adur, California State University
Fullerton
Contemporary scholarship that examines the relationship
between ethnic communities and its queer members
overwhelmingly recount narratives and experiences of exclusion
of the latter in their communities. According to this mode of
thought, queer racial ethnics invariably face homophobia and
exclusion in their ethnic communities. Even though this is a
disturbing and palpable reality; I argue that it is by no means the
only model of relationship. Rather in reality, there exists a
nuanced spectrum of negotiations and interactions which existing
literature leaves little room for imagining and exploring. The
findings are based on in-depth interviews of 30 Queer South
Asians in the U.S. - a hitherto understudied group of queer
immigrants in the U.S.
The Intersections of race, class, sexuality, and location in
liminal and marginal spaces Bobbi-Lee Smart, California
State University Dominguez Hills
The location of male revue shows and strip clubs, dancers'
performances, and types of dancer/audience interactions, are
closely tied to race and class. This research examines how race,
class, sexuality, and location intersect in male strip clubs and
revue shows. It also shows how these venues act as liminal
spaces for the audience and marginal spaces for the employees.
Nagel (2003) explains that race, class, and sexuality are closely
tied together in American society and that these ties lead to
sexual divisions. The methods used to understand these
relationships were participant observation and in-depth
qualitative interviews with current and former male exotic
dancers. This research found that male strip clubs and revue
shows are liminal spaces, where women can act as the sexual
aggressors, and marginal spaces, where deviant work for men
takes place. The findings illustrate the race, class, and sexual
divisions and hierarchies within the male exotic industry.
Marketing to Female Consumers in Sex Shops: A Qualitative
Analysis Erin Michelle Boyd, New Mexico State University
Sex shops are usually frequented by men looking to pursue or
purchase pornography, sex toys, masturbatory aids, and similar
products. Many shops also offer pay-per-view pornographic
films in private rooms that cater primarily to heterosexual men.
Due to recent shifts in sex industry culture and marketing, more
women have recently begun to frequent such establishments as
customers. Although there are general similarities in consumer
behavior, women and men do consume and experience
consumption differently. Recent studies suggest that this is
especially apparent in sexualized industries; what women look
for in sex toy and sexual merchandise shopping follow both
normative and non-normative gender/sexual scripts. Further,
there is limited data on how sex shops specifically market to their
customers- especially women. This paper therefore examines the
marketing and sales strategies of two local sex shops by focusing
on the experiences of actual female customers. Based on my
transcriptions, I find that female consumers prefer to shop online
or at sex toy parties due to not only discomfiture but lack of
product education and store appeal. I argue that although a
woman may have a preconceived expectation of her shopping
experience prior to entering the sex shop which may have a
positive or negative effect on the enjoyment they experience;
with the increase in female consumption in the sex industry, it is
significant to assess both the experiences of women in sex shops,
as well as how these establishments incorporate women and
market specifically to them.
Staying on Script? Sexual Scripts and Sex Education Elizabeth
Hauck, Portland State University
Existing research suggests that men and women develop
differing sexual scripts that influence their behavior, interactions
and emotions regarding sex. This project’s objective is to
examine the experiences of men and women with school-based
sex education programs, as well as to explore parallel sources of
sex education outside of school. Several studies suggest
masculine sexual scripts dictate that men generally construct a
more body-focused approach to sex, with an emphasis on
competition, aggression and achievement, coupled with an
apathy towards or a resistance to contraception use. Conversely,
emphasized feminine sexual scripts call for a more emotionfocused approach to sex that stresses self-control, resistance and
sexual ‘gatekeeping’. One explanation for this is adolescents’
experience learning about sex. Gendered messages in sex
education that reproduce dominant sexual scripts have the
potential to reinforce sexual double standards that affirm male
desire and regulate female desire. While one recent study has
pointed to the existence of gendered messages in sex education
films, there is little research on how men’s and women’s
experiences with formal sex education shape their different
sexual scripts. Acknowledging that the construction of sexual
scripts occurs in a multitude of settings, other more informal
sources of sexual learning (i.e. family, peers, and media) are
explored in comparison with school-based sex education. Initial
findings indicate differences in the ways that men and women
internalize their sex education experiences in school, as well as
important differences in the messages, or scripts communicated
to them about sex from friends, family and the media.
126. Faculty Time: Fueling and Experiencing the Higher
Education Apparatus
5:15 to 6:45 pm
Session Organizer:
Megan Thiele, SJSU
Presider:
Sharon Elise, Sociology Dept/Calif State University San
Marcos
Participants:
Diversity Disconnect Among Faculty: Folklore, Myths and
Misconceptions Mikelis Imants Berzins, Oregon State
University; Dwaine Edward Plaza, Oregon State University
The objective of this paper is to examine the attitudes, opinions,
beliefs, and understanding about diversity among tenure and
tenure track faculty at Oregon State University. This paper is
based on data collected from a non-random survey of (N=800
faculty) at Oregon State University who indicated their feelings,
ideas, and perceptions about diversity within the context of the
university, college, and within their own individual departments.
The survey design allowed for both quantitative and qualitative
responses on the topic of diversity, with the intent of controlling
for gender, race, length of employment, age, and discipline as
factors which influence the degree to which individuals
understand diversity. In addition, this study examines (n=10)
additional post-secondary institutions who have diversity mission
statements in their strategic plan. Our goal in undertaking this
task is to assess the degree to which other universities understand
diversity at the university, at the college level, and within their
own individual departments. By exposing common
misconceptions about diversity, this paper will help inform
universities of the best practices for promoting diversity, and
foster better understandings of the wide range of characteristics
that make up true diversity.
Mopping Up: Who Does Faculty Service Work and Who
Benefits? Sharon Elise, Sociology Dept/Calif State
University San Marcos; Mary Jo Poole, California State
University, San Marcos
The service work faculty perform can make a contribution to
equity and diversity efforts. But who does service work, what
kind of work is done, how much time is spent, and how is the
work recognized? Does the type of work and its raced and
gendered embodiment relate to the ways faculty experience this
work? We conduct loosely structured interviews of tenure track
faculty, who are required to do service work, and adjunct faculty,
who may choose to do, or feel expected to perform, service work.
We pay close attention to contemporary issues in neoliberal
restructuring of higher education and the professoriate as we
examine the relationship of service work to educational equity.
We hope to contribute to understandings about the feminization
of service work and, as well, the unfair burden of service work,
as a form of “cultural taxation” that falls particularly upon faculty
of color.
The Impact of Increased Part-time Faculty Employment Cynthia
Evelyn Carr, UC Riverside
Widespread concern over the increased employment of
contingent and part-time faculty has centered on perceived
threats to the tenure system and to educational quality. While use
of part-time faculty has been recognized as a business strategy, it
has not been tested as such statistically, and so little is known
about the effects of part-time faculty employment. This paper
uses longitudinal growth curve modelling to analyze 23 years of
institutional data on 437 colleges and universities from the Delta
Cost Dataset to examine the relationship between part-time
faculty employment as a growing business strategy and research
production as a growing legitimation strategy. The results of this
analysis indicate that higher numbers of part-time faculty in
relation to full-time faculty increase research production at
wealthy private colleges and universities and depress research
production in other types of institutions.
Visions of Academe: How Rank and Tenure Are Related to
Perceptions of an Ideal Academic Environment Gesemia
Nelson, Metropolitam State Univeristy of Denver
This presentation will report on survey data collected in spring
2013 from the faculty of a large university. The survey collected
a variety of data including questions about university initiatives,
resources, and expectations for tenure and promotion. These data
are part of an ongoing longitudinal study initiated by the Faculty
Senate of the institution. This presentation will look at how rank
and tenure status are related to perceptions of the academic
environment at the university. The analysis will also give insight
into what an ideal environment looks like for professors at
different ranks. For example, analysis will uncover the level of
support for various university initiatives, some of which have
been implemented and some of which have not. It will also
explore the how faculty members at different ranks look at the
expectations for performance in the areas of teaching, scholarly
activity, and service.
127. Latina/o Health
5:15 to 6:45 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
E. Carolina Apesoa-Varano, UC Davis
Participants:
Measures of Acculturation and Their Association to Dietary
Behaviors among Hispanic Adults in the U.S. Erick Lopez,
University of Nevada Las Vegas; Takashi Yamashita,
Acculturation to mainstream American culture is associated with
less healthful dietary behaviors among Hispanic immigrants.
Hispanics in the U.S. face higher rates of chronic conditions such
as obesity and type-2 diabetes compared to non-Hispanic whites
(CDC 2012). Research has shown that healthy dietary behaviors,
like greater consumption of fruits and vegetables, offset and
reverse many chronic diseases (Van Duyn et al. 2000). In order
to better address existing racial health disparities it is critical to
develop a more nuanced understanding of the association
between acculturation and dietary behavior. However, little is
known about which measure of acculturation is most related to
dietary behaviors among Hispanic in the U.S. Previous literature
has identified two key indicators of acculturation: language
spoken at home and length of time in the U.S. The purpose of
this research is to examine which measure of acculturation is
most associated with the consumption of fruits and vegetables
among Hispanic adults in the U.S. Results show that only greater
use of English at home (p < 0.05) was associated with dietary
behaviors. Language spoken at home may be a better indicator of
acculturation than length of time in the U.S. because it represents
the explicit achievement of a new skill (i.e., the acquisition of a
new language) that can further increase assimilation. Language
spoken at home may capture multiple aspects of acculturation
that result in changes in dietary behaviors. Findings from this
study are useful for classifying degrees of acculturation among
Hispanics adults as related to dietary behaviors.
Latina Dementia Caregivers: The Construction of Expert
Caregiver Identities E. Carolina Apesoa-Varano, UC Davis
Up to 70 percent of individuals suffering from dementia in the
U.S. are cared for at home and approximately 9.8 million family
members take on this responsibility. Dementia caregivers are at
risk for poor quality of life and declining mental and physical
health. Latina caregivers report higher levels of burden and
depression compared to other ethnic groups. The purpose of this
qualitative study was to examine how gender, class, and ethnicity
shape dementia Latina caregivers’ experiences over time.Latina
dementia caregivers’ view of the role of women in the home and
the family in the context of Latino dominant values shaped their
own sense of self and wellbeing. For example, caregivers
describing a lack of social resources (e.g. characterized by
conflicts dispelling the ideal of familismo) were more apt to
express less traditional feminine views of women as caregivers
and report a higher sense of wellbeing. These caregivers were
also more likely to see themselves as expert caregivers who have
developed a craft of caring in the context of ongoing decline of
the person with dementia and limited resources. In so doing, they
constructed caregiver accounts as “experts” and “strong” women
in the context of social and illness adversity. Social locations and
context play an important role in how Latina dementia caregivers
construct identities in the face of challenges of dementia as a
complex and demanding illness.
128. Author Meets Critic: Pierette Hondagneu-Sotelo, Title of
book. " Paradise Transplanted: Migration and the Making of
California Gardens" Publisher: UCPress.
5:15 to 6:45 pm
Session Organizer:
Discussants:
Pierrette Hondagneu-Sotelo, USC
Vilma Ortiz, University of California, Los Angeles
Jake Wilson, CSU Long Beach
129. Author Meets Critic: Messner, Greenberg, and Peretz
"Some Men: Feminist Allies and the Movement to End
Violence Against Women" By Oxford University Press,
February 2014
5:15 to 6:45 pm
Session Organizer:
Discussants:
Michael Messner, University of Southern California
Gary K. Perry, Seattle University
CJ Pascoe, University of Oregon
Abby Ferber, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs
Verta Taylor, University of California, Santa Barbara
130. Undergraduate Roundtables IV: Crime, Law, and Deviance
II; Sociology of Education III; Sexualities; Labor and Work;
Art, Culture, and Pop Culture
5:15 to 6:45 pm
130-1. Crime, Law, and Deviance II
Submissions
Session Organizer:
Participants:
The Marginalization and Rejection of Contemporary
Mediumship Jessica Ann Milian, Pacific Lutheran
University
The Potential Effects of a Legalized Commercial Sex Economy
on Violence Against Women Shayla Wilson, University of
California San Diego
Walla Walla’s Heritage Park: How a Small Washington Town
Handles the Gathering of Social Outsiders Alex Michelle
Kempler, Whitman College
An Analysis of Socioeconomic Status and Deviant Behavior
Kaylyn Hope Anderson, Oregon State University
Discussant:
130-2. Sociology of Education III
Submissions
Session Organizer:
Participants:
Single Parent Households and Higher Education Ruth Wabula,
Whitworth University
Resistance and Engagement in Online Higher Education
Karissa Noelle Wall, University of the Fraser Valley
The effect of campus climate on undergraduate student-parents’
academic performance Roman Nunez, UCR
Factors Shaping Transfer Students’ Academic Success and
Integration within Higher Education: An Evaluation of
UCR’s Transfer Outreach Program Cinthya Gonzalez,
130-3. Sexualities
Submissions
Session Organizer:
Participants:
"I'm Having These Feelings, So I Must Be a Lesbian": Sexual
Fluidity in Recent North American Television Corinne
McClure, Gonzaga University
(Extra)Ordinary Desires: Political Governmentality and the
Neoliberal Queer Student Crispin Gravatt, Boise State
University
Cleaning Out The Closet: Exploring Rejection and Acceptance
of Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Youth Brian Manning,
Gonzaga University
The Evolution of College Sexuality: A Study of Students’
Sexual Discussion Networks Cierra Raine Sorin, University
of California, San Diego
Discussant:
130-4. Labor and Work
Submissions
Session Organizer:
Participants:
A Tri-City Analysis on the Efficacy of Non-Discrimination
Policies and Inclusivity In the LGBT Community Jessica
Real, California State University, Long Beach
How Emotion Management Responds to the Hospital
Environment and Travels Along Conduits of Power Adam
Factor, UC Berkeley
The changing construction industry in Los Angeles. David
Moises Villalvazo, University of Southern California
Labor, Informality, and Regulation:Mexican Immigrants in the
South Central Pallet Industry Roxana Ontiveros, University
of Southern California
Managing Stigma in Deviant Dancing Culture. Emily Anna
Anderson, Whitworth University
Discussant:
130-5. Art, Culture, and Popular Culture
Submissions
Session Organizer:
Participants:
Ink, Holes and Occupations in Humboldt County Elmer
Edgardo Rodriguez, Humboldt State University
Pay-to-Play: a Rite of Passage in the Los Angeles Music Scene
Jaimis Ulrich, Whittier College
Portrayals of Crime and Justice: Viewer Perceptions of
Fictional Crime Dramas Kaitlin Fitzgerald, Northern
Arizona University; Sarah Humphries, Northern Arizona
University
Soft Masculinity and Gender Bending in Kpop Idol Boy Bands
Kendall Ota, California State Polytechnic University,
Pomona
Revenge Porn in Society Emilee I Eikren, Arizona State
University
Discussant:
Katherine Everhart, Northern Arizona University
131. Diversity and Community: Population, Ideology and
Perception of Community
Urban and Community Studies
5:15 to 6:45 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Participants:
No-Majority Communities: Racial Diversity and Change at the
Local Level Chad R Farrell, University of Alaska
Anchorage; Barrett A Lee, Pennsylvania State University
The United States is undergoing a profound demographic shift
toward increasing ethnoracial diversity. This is occurring at both
large and small geographic scales via the emergence of minoritymajority states and multiethnic neighborhoods. It is also being
manifested in the “middle” through cities, suburbs, small towns,
and other local communities. In fact, such communities may be
the most salient geographic domains in which to study diversity
trends. They are jurisdictional foci of localized decision-making
and service provision as well as social arenas in which unease
about diversity is expressed in racialized debates about public
schools, zoning, crime, law enforcement tactics, and illegal
immigration. Our particular focus is communities with
exceptionally high levels of diversity. “No-majority”
communities are places in which no ethnoracial group makes up
more than half of the local population. We contend that groupmajority status is an important structural element of community
identity and the political landscape. The absence of a majority
group provides a strategic opportunity to assess the prospects for
stable diversity, which has proven elusive at the neighborhood
level. How common are these no-majority communities? Who
lives in them? How do they change over time?
Territorial Ideologies in Land Use Politics: Mapping Economic,
Anthropic, and Ecological Discourses in California
Christopher R Drue, University of California San Diego
Growth machine scholars argue that ideology contributes to land
use politics, suggesting that ideas become fixed as widely shared
territorial ideologies which help or hinder the growth machine. In
case studies, scholars have described dominant local ideologies,
which include the claims that growth produces plentiful job
opportunities, is inevitable, can damage quality of life, or can
ruin natural ecosystems. If ideology can become locally
dominant, as these scholars claim, we would expect to see spatial
variability in how people talk about land use problems. While
there is information about differing local environmental
preferences, and many case studies have described local
discourse, no studies have systematically mapped land use
discourse. In this paper, I examine the ways people talk about
land use problems in different ways in different counties in the
state of California, and how discursive variability between places
can help us understand land use politics. Analyzing discourse
from over twenty million newspaper articles, I confirm the
existence of certain discursive trends. I find that, while there is
nearly universal use of anthropic, human-centered quality of life
discourse, there are significant differences between the use of
economic and ecological discourses. Economic discourse,
including discussion of property value and private property
rights, was common in southern California and many rural
forestry and farming counties. Ecological discourse, including
discussion of global warming and sustainability, was most
common in the San Francisco Bay Area. These results provide a
foundation from which to empirically test the extant literature’s
claims about territorial ideologies.
Walking in L.A.: An Examination of the Effects of Community
Walkability on Tophphilia, Sense of Community, and
Quality of Life Elizabeth Bogumil, CSU Northridge
This paper will examine the relationships among residents’
perceived walkability of their community, topophilia, their sense
of community and perceived quality of life. As sustainable
transportation and urban living increases in popularity, research
into the benefits of walkable communities is becoming not only
desirable as a tool for urban planners but also a useful tool and
point of reference for sociologists to study community building
and sense of place. It is proposed that walkable neighborhoods
affirm topophilia, attachment to one's environment, which leads
to the cultivation of sense of community and results in an
increase in quality of life. To examine these relationships, a
survey was created to measure basic demographic data and
information pertaining to the respondents’ neighborhood's
walkability, topophilia, sense of community and quality of life.
The survey was distributed to individuals that were over eighteen
years old who lived in Los Angeles County It was distributed
online through Facebook, Craigslist and email snowball sampling
of community groups - for the purpose of confirming reliability
of sampling and garner a large enough sample. The relationships
among the proposed variables was examined in a quantitative
manner via regression and path analysis. Regression and path
analysis examined the relationships between the respondents’
sense of community, social capital and quality of life. It is
expected that residents’ neighborhood walkability will contribute
to their quality of life through the conduit of tophphilia and sense
of community.
132. Globalization and World System
Globalization
5:15 to 6:45 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Berch Berberoglu, University of Nevada, Reno
Participants:
Class Formation and Global Capitalism Nathan D. Martin,
Arizona State University; Yunus Kaya, University of North
Carolina Wilmington
Recent decades have witnessed profound global shifts in
production networks and employment structures, accompanied
by the increasing international flows of capital, people and
information. Further, this current wave of economic
globalization has altered the bases for class mobilization and
opened new possibilities for alliances that transcend national
boundaries. Yet, the dominant paradigm in the comparative
literature has focused primarily on how factors related to
economic development are associated with changing patterns of
employment and occupational stratification, and there has been
relatively little attention to trends and transformations occurring
in less developed countries where the vast majority of the
world’s workers reside. In this study, we examine individualand country-level determinants of social class position through a
multilevel analysis, using data from the 1989-2014 waves of the
World Values and European Values Surveys, a coordinated series
of nationally-representative cross-sectional surveys of adults in
administered in nearly 100 countries. Our study design enables
us to consider how social class is shaped by micro- and macrolevel forces, as well as to consider differences by region and
position in the contemporary world-system. Our results indicate
that levels of foreign investment, global trade and international
migration provide stronger explanations for cross-national
variation in employment – and for predicting dominant class
membership, in particular – in comparison to factors related to
business-cycles, economic development or other features of the
domestic labor market.
Globalization of "Singapore International Schools" in the
World-System Evan Heimlich, Grossmont College and UCR
This paper (participating in a project funded by the
Monbukagakusho, a ministry of Japan, to examine social
ramifications of certain developments in foreign-language
teaching) asks how certain sets of transactions around
“globalization” are serving social stratifications. These
transactions, which feature marketing, culminate in tuition
payments to a set of elite, “international schools” claiming to
offer “a Singapore curriculum” and/or to be “Singapore
International School.” Of these schools, seventeen--in Malaysia,
Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar, the Philippines and
China--are licensed partners of the Ministry of Education of
Singapore, in offering their students an “international version” of
Singapore’s PSLE examination. Together with students and their
families, here non-Singaporean entrepreneurs capitalize on their
partnerships with the public-education system of Singapore,
transacting an always-emergent iteration of globalization. Their
approach makes sense as “semiperipheral acting”: via worldsystems theory, we can read the entrepreneurs as selling the role
of semiperipheral actors. Such actors today precipitate new
social forms while transcending depredation by the core-led
industries of manufacture and natural-resource extraction. How
to navigate in a world where nationalism hardly does the work it
used to do? Some navigate by referring to Singapore, not so
much because they actively emulate the standards of schools in
Singapore, but more because “Singapore” signifies agile,
multilingual, profitable adaptability to various scales including
but not limited to the nation-state.
The Global Horse Trade in the United States: 1981-2013
Michael Aguilera, University of Oregon
The data presented in this paper illuminates the outsourcing of
American show jumpers to Europe that occurred between the
1980’s and the present. During this time, the American sport
horse market has gone from a regional market to a global market.
Now, $328,840,914 worth of horses are brought to the United
States from foreign sources, and $119,185,046 comes from
Germany. The original supply of American show jumpers was
retired thoroughbred race horses born in the United States, but
that supply has been uprooted by a steady stream of European
horses. Despite a steady supply of former race horses, today
exorbitant prices are paid for imported European horses.
American import data is collected from the 1980s to the present
to show that the American sport horse market in the United
States has become a global market. The paper relies on the
import data to show the transition from a regional horse market
to a global horse market. This transition has also caused
widespread changes in the horse show jumping industry in the
United States. Through participant observation throughout the
time period in question, data is collected about how the show
jumping industry changed as a result of the dependence on
European supplies of horses.
133. Migrants' sending and receiving country contexts
5:15 to 6:45 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Luis A. Sanchez, CSU Channel Islands
Participants:
The Role of Migrant Networks in Explaining Immigrant
Selectivity from Rural and Urban Areas of Mexico to the
United States Guillermo Paredes Orozco, Ohio State
University
Debates on migrant educational selectivity – the position of
migrants in the educational distribution of the sending country –
have rarely taken into account the role played by community
migrant networks in shaping selectivity. Moreover, studies have
seldom analyzed how changes in the availability of migrant
networks over time contribute to changes in selectivity, and
whether this relationship is different for rural and urban sending
areas. Using life history data from the Mexican Migration
Project, I test whether changes in migration prevalence over time
are associated with selectivity in the Mexico-U.S. migrant flow. I
also explore how this relationship differs depending on the size
of the sending community in Mexico. I find that the likelihood of
U.S.-bound migration increases with migration prevalence in
rural communities, small cities and metropolitan areas,
suggesting that community networks reproduce international
migration in all three types of settings. I also find that migrant
network growth produces negative selection in rural areas, a
result that is consistent with previous literature on the subject.
Contrary to previous findings, however, migrant network growth
produces positive selection in urban settings. Moreover, network
growth is associated with more positive selection in large
metropolitan sending areas compared to small urban areas. I
argue that differences in selectivity patterns between rural and
urban areas may be a result of urban networks being made up of
weak ties, which are harder to reach and provide less support
than the strong ties prevalent in rural settings. These differences
may be accentuated in large metropolitan areas, where
individuals are more isolated and social ties are weaker.
Male Mexican Migrants’ Place of Origin and U.S. Destination:
Earnings during periods of Anti-Immigration Laws Jose Luis
Collazo, Washington State University
Researchers have extensively studied the effects of the
Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) on migrants’
earnings. Overall, IRCA has widened the earnings gap between
documented and undocumented migrants due to migrants
legalizing and increasing their labor skills. Subsequent laws have
been passed to remediate IRCA’s shortcomings, such as the
Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of
1996 (IIRIRA). Research has not looked closely into the
possible effects of IIRIRA on migrants’ earnings. Using data
from the Mexican Migration Project, this paper examines the
effect of IIRIRA on male Mexican migrants’ earnings during
their last U.S. trip controlling for place of origin and U.S.
destination. Male Mexican migrants earnings were analyzed
through four models: 1) all years; 2) Pre-IRCA (years prior to
1987); Post-IRCA (years between 1987 and 1996); and PostIIRIRA (years after 1996). The results showed that from the PreIRCA to the Post-IIRIRA era the earning gap between
undocumented and documented migrants decreased.
Furthermore, the earnings of male Mexican migrants throughout
the immigration laws eras varied by the migrants’ place of origin
and U.S. destination. The differential of earnings by migrants’
place of origin and destination may be due to differences in
enforcement of immigration laws differ by regions, states, and
locality. Overall, the earning gap between male Mexican
migrants’ legal status, place of origin, and migrant destination
has decreased but the documented still earn more.
Longitudinal study of Minnesotans' attitudes towards
immigrants Sandrine Zerbib, St Cloud State University; Ann
Finan, St Cloud State University
From fall 2009 to fall 2014, I and other faculty directors from the
SCSU survey have been collecting telephone survey data from
residents of Minnesota. The SCSU survey conducted telephone
survey of Minnesotans during the fall of years 2009, 2010, 2011,
2013, and 2014. The samples consist of about 600 respondents
each year who were selected using random digit dialing
procedures. In particular, several questions each year have
addressed attitudes towards immigration and immigrants. This
paper is based on a longitudinal descriptive analysis of those
attitudes as well as an attempt to explain some of the findings in
the context of immigration politics in Minnesota.
Filling the Gaps: Institutional Constraints and Social Services
for Immigrants Shannon Browne, Utah State University;
Christy Glass, Utah State University; Grant Holyoak, Utah
State University
While existing gaps in social service provision for immigrants
are well-documented, less is known about the factors that
constrain the resources and resource provision activities of social
service organizations. This study advances the literature on
immigrant well-being by explaining the existence of persistent
gaps in social service provision. Drawing on institutionalist
theory, we provide an organization-level analysis of the coercive,
mimetic and normative constraints facing social service agencies.
Drawing on 25 in-depth interviews with a diverse sample of
social service providers, we find that despite social service
providers’ normative commitment to meeting the needs of
immigrants, social service agencies remain unable to close the
gaps in service provision and eligibility.
Discussant:
Luis A. Sanchez, CSU Channel Islands
134. Poster Session IV
Poster session
5:15 to 6:45 pm
Session Organizer:
Participants:
Racially and Ethnically Diverse Neighborhoods in Ventura
County Veronica Villaseñor, California State University
Channel Islands State
Ring by Spring: The Evolving Long-term Relationship
Paradigms of College Students Danielle Elizabeth Kishel,
Gonzaga University
Student Dispute Resolution and Academic Success: Preliminary
Findings from a Campus Survey Tiffany Lucile Curry,
The Anomie of Social Networking: Feelings of Isolation
through Facebook Ceilique Hatcher, CSU Dominguez Hills/
MBRS Rise Research Student
The Armenian Diaspora: Engagement with the Homeland Nane
Gevorgyan, University of Southern California
The Black Sheep Chronicles: Narratives on the Rejection of
Religion Deborah Nielsen, Gonzaga University
The Influence of Latina Representation in the Media Elysia
Rodriguez, University of Southern California
The Proliferation of Patriotic Heterogeneity: The Contemporary
Political Divide and the Manifestation of Dueling Ideologies
on Patriotism Zoe Jane Dugdale, Gonzaga University
Where My People At: Retention and Alienation of Minority
Students on a Predominately White Campus Francisca
Phuong Chau, Gonzaga University
Selfless vs. Selfish Acts: A Field Work Study of Volunteers
Samantha Cressey, Chapman University
135. Questions of Social Justice: Ferguson, Missouri and Beyond
Panel discussion
7:00 to 8:30 pm
Session Organizers:
Panelists:
Erwin Chemerinsky, UC Irivine
Bryan L. Sykes, UC Irvine
Melina Abdullah, CSU Los Angeles
136. Dreiling/Eddy "A Bold Peace" (Tentative)
Video session
8:30 to 10:00 pm
Session Organizers:
Michael Dreiling, University of Oregon
137. Reception: Committees
Reception
8:30 to 9:45 pm
Session Organizer:
138. Reception: Committees on the Status of Women and Racial
and Ethnic Minorities
Reception
8:30 to 9:45 pm
Hyatt Regency: Floor 4th - Beacon Rotunda
Session Organizer:
FRIDAY, APRIL, 3
139. ASA Department Chairs Breakfast and Meeting
Event
7:00 to 8:30 am
Session Organizers:
Jean Shin, American Sociological Association
140. Culture and Inequality
Social Stratification, Inequality, and Poverty
8:30 to 10:00 am
Session Organizer:
Jennifer Keene, UNLV
Presider:
Ranita Ray, University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Participants:
Baby Einstein and G.I. Joe: How Toys Contribute to Human
Capital Formation and Class Stratification Maureen Kelley
Day, Graduate Theological Union
Different types of toys facilitate different aspects of childhood
development. Books and other educational toys better prepare
children for success in kindergarten. Violent toys have negative
consequences for children’s socio-emotional development. Are
these toys as accessible for poorer families as they are for
wealthier families? This study compares two stores of the same
national chain located in a higher- and in a lower-income
neighborhood. The results show that toys that foster school
readiness are roughly nine times more prevalent in wealthier
neighborhoods than they are in poorer neighborhoods. While
there was no difference in the quantity of violent toys between
the two stores, there was a difference in the quality of the violent
toys. The potential impacts of these disparities and the findings’
overlap with other works are discussed.
Love's Labor: Race, Class, and Gender in Dating Ranita Ray,
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
In recent years, scholars have begun to grapple with the
paradoxes of the modern heterosexual romantic relationship.
While traditional gender norms continue to dictate that women
pursue marriage and form families, transformations in the social
landscape also dictate that women invest in their careers. While
exploring this paradox, researchers have found that lessprivileged women struggle to build careers and romantic
relationships simultaneously, while their more privileged
counterparts tend to do it successively. Drawing on three years of
fieldwork among 13 racially and economically marginalized
young women from an inner-city community in Northeastern
United States, this article investigates the consequences of
pursuing relationships and self-development, simultaneously, on
the daily lives of marginalized women. My findings illustrate the
ways in which gender, race, and class structures interact to
influence specific beliefs and expectations concerning
appropriate romantic behaviors. These beliefs and expectations
intersect to create a complex system of inequality that places
marginalized women at risk of losing both stable relationships
and opportunities for self-development, and jeopardize their daily
wellbeing.
141. Identity & Parenting
Marriage, Family, and Reproduction
8:30 to 10:00 am
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Participants:
Fathers, Daughters and Traditional Gender Beliefs Joshua Tom,
Baylor University; Todd Ferguson, Baylor University
Existing research has linked family structure related to the sex of
children to a variety of outcomes, including the political and
cultural ideology of the parents. Most studies find having a
daughter is associated with the greater likelihood that parents will
have broadly progressive ideologies. This study contributes to the
growing literature on parental ideology and child’s sex by
examining the effects of having daughters on the father’s gender
ideology, with particular attention paid to the understudied
effects of religion on this relationship. Using data from the 2002
National Survey of Family Growth, we find that, contrary to
much of the literature, fathers with daughters are more likely to
affirm traditionalist gender ideologies. This relationship is
moderated by affiliation and participation with conservative
Evangelical Protestant traditions. These findings are discussed in
light of conflict feminist theory and the intra-generational
reproduction of gender stratification.
Illuminating the Unique Experiences in the Daily Lives of
Single Fathers Heidi Esbensen, Portland State University
This study, designed to help illuminate specific gendered and
classed experiences within childrearing for single fathers,
examines the influence of masculinity and class within the
context of parenting using in-depth interview data of single
fathers. Although previous literature has not been highly
inclusive of single fathers, single mothers have been extensively
researched and this was used as a base for this study by
incorporating common concepts, creating the potential to express
the experiences of single fathers in a manner that correlates to
previous parenting research. Using these narratives, fathers
expressed many struggles related to their daily lives and
schedules. As this struggle as a single parent is not surprising,
the manners in which they discussed attempting to achieve a
balance within their family, was specifically unique. These
attempts were closely related to adjustments and alterations made
in the constructs of work, including managing work and family
balance in ways that are not previously suggested or discussed in
single parent literature. Also through this research and in the
alterations to work there are several key gendered experiences
that are highly relevant when looking at this population. Within
this research there are policy implications including outreach for
single fathers, social implications to better acknowledge and
support these parents, and scholarly notice to a population that is
growing yet currently under-studied. Methodology included
recruitment of fathers through flyers, snowball sampling and
online single parent groups in Portland. A qualitative analysis of
semi-structured in-depth interviews with these fathers led to
these findings.
Marrying for More than Yourself: The Mediation of Marriage
Culture among Conservative Religious Communities
Courtney Ann Irby, Loyola University Chicago
Despite concerns about the decline of marriage in the United
States, research has consistently revealed that getting married and
staying married remain important to people. The value attached
to marriage, however, is coupled with an ethic of individualism
that results in a focus on personal satisfaction and fulfillment in
marriage. While this individualized marriage has been
established at both the macro level as part of an American
marriage culture and at the micro level in the preferences and
actions of individuals, less attention has focused on how
organizations mediate, respond and react to these beliefs. In this
paper, I examine how religious communities simultaneously
draw from their faith traditions and secular discourses on
marriage to construct what they view as alternative models of
marriage. Drawing on ethnographic observations of five marriage
preparation courses and interviews with the leadership and
participants of these programs, I compare Catholic and
evangelical premarital counseling by evaluating how their
different theological beliefs and organizational cultures shape the
construction of a “Christian marriage.” In doing so, I highlight
how religious communities seek to destabilize the individualized
marriage culture by promoting an other-orientation to intimate
relationships, yet through this, they also reify value of the
companionate marriage.
The effects of regional identity on perceptions of "good"
mothering Danielle Duckett, California State University Stanislaus
I contend in this project that women's self-identity as mothers is
strongly mediated by the perception of outsiders' opinions
regarding the women's other salient identities. My work
illustrates how mothers construct their identities as "good"
mothers in the face of open discrimination and derision from
outsiders based on their regional identity. While the work was
conducted in the Appalachian region, it has implications for
women in the Great Central Valley of California.
142. Pedagogy, Student Engagement, and Inequality
8:30 to 10:00 am
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Participants:
Adolescent Truancy and Juvenile Delinquency: Testing
Differential Oppression Theory Jennifer Raby, University of
Colorado-Denver
This study is focused on testing Robert Regoli and John Hewitt’s
theory of differential oppression in an attempt to gain better
understanding of the phenomenon of chronic adolescent truancy.
Truancy is a deviant behavior that can lead to further deviant
behavior with more serious consequences, such as drug and
alcohol use, criminal behavior and teenage pregnancy. The
percentage of adolescent truants that drop out of school
altogether is unknown, as most states do not collect that data, but
it has been established that habitual truants have a propensity for
academic problems (Morris 1991). Data were collected by doing
two small focus groups consisting of former adolescent truants
who at the time of data collection were successful university
students enrolled in the honors program of a state university in
the Rocky Mountain region. Each focus group lasted about sixty
minutes and discussed participant recollection of behaviors such
as feigning illness, drug use, bullying and criminal activity
during the time that they were truant, as well as their relationship
with their family during that time period. Data analysis is
currently in progress.
Framing History: Promoting National Identity and Political
Ideology in Public School Curriculum in the United States
and Cuba Erica Surova, New Mexico State University;
Cassie Alison Newby, New Mexico State University
Much research in American education has focused on hidden
curriculum; the unspoken ideology communicated to students in
a covert manner. However, more overt types of ideology are
available to explore how public school textbooks serve to
promote national identity and the economic and political agendas
of one country and negate the ideologies of another. This paper
will explore how the framing of specific historical events in
children’s textbooks contradict each other and promote the
ideological agendas of a country. We will compare and contrast
public school textbooks used in two widely divergent political
and economic systems; the United States and Cuba. A content
analysis of textbooks will illustrate how framing historical events
such as the U.S. intervention in Korea, The Bay of Pigs, and the
Vietnam War, reveal an incongruent interpretation of events. Our
methodology is a content analysis of a range of United States
public school textbooks and Cuban public school textbooks.
Ultimately, this study aims to report how the framing of
historical events serve to shape national identity and promote the
political, economic, and ideological leanings of the countries;
capitalism and communism respectively.
Real writing: Using writing to increase learning through
relevancy, rigor, and relationships Deborah Smith, Saginaw
Valley State University; Brian J. Smith, Central Michigan
University
The gap between the literacy achievements of middle-class
suburban students and poor urban students persists despite clear
evidence that literacy programs designed to implement proficient
reader research can significantly reduce the gap. Urban schools
continue to perform poorly across the nation and students of
color continue to receive substandard educations. Recent efforts
to apply Common Core standards so that students graduate
“College and Career Ready” have been thrust upon school
districts that do not have the funds or the knowledge to
implement effectively. This session is designed to garner
feedback and suggestions on an Improving Teacher Quality
Grant proposal that seeks to increase student achievement at a
low performing urban school district in the Midwest. The grant
seeks to combine elements of Real Talk, Writing in the Content
Areas, Common Core Standards, Disciplinary Literacy and the
3Rs of teaching (relevance, rigor, and relationships). The
proposed grant is written for a group of thirty educators to work
together to develop Real Talk lessons that are based on Common
Core standards and theories of disciplinary literacy. Student
achievement will be measured over the course of one academic
year by means of four writing samples collected at the start of the
year, then again in November, March, and June. All writings will
be rated with a rubric developed by the teachers involved in
rating sessions designed to increase validity and reliability.
Student Voice: Intersections of Political, Educational, and
Racial Inequities May Lin, University of Southern California
The convergence of multiple circumstances enables new
investigations as to how substantive engagement of high-need K12 students in school and district decision-making processes may
influence racial and educational equity in California. Youth
organizing groups that mobilize low-income, immigrant students
of color have won institutional changes addressing their
members' needs in schools and districts. Additionally, the
implementation of the Local Control Funding Formula, which
requires community engagement in the creation of district
budgets and activities, has provided formal avenues for student
voice. This first year of implementation revealed vastly varying
forms of district implementation of this community engagement
requirement: students in many districts expressed dissatisfaction
with their districts' engagement processes; however, youth
organizations in some areas were able to win major policy
changes. These contradictions highlighted the challenges
associated with engaging students in decision-making, while
illuminating contestations over how districts and communitybased organizations perceive best pathways towards racial and
educational equity. Exploring these intersections between race,
immigrant communities, civic and political engagement, and
education, I seek to understand conditions that shape meaningful
engagement of high-need students in school governance
processes. What types of barriers exist—such as resistance on the
part of administrators, lack of civic and political skills on the part
of youth, racialized attitudes about youth competency-- and how
are they overcome? I contribute to literature that addresses
community engagement and grassroots organizing as key
elements of urban education reform by focusing on systemic
realizations of student involvement, as well as undertaking a
more intersectional analysis of barriers encountered.
The Political Economy of School Lunch: Social Provision,
Neoliberalism, and Privatization in Education Christyna
Serrano, Graduate School of Education, UC Berkeley
“Reforming the public schools has long been a favorite way of
improving not just education but society” (Tyack & Cuban, 1995,
p. 1). The establishment of universal and compulsory schooling
nurtured not only massive growth in public education during the
twentieth century, but also created the institution in which it was
most convenient to locate social provision programs (Cohen,
2005), and thus shaped the rationale for them in terms of
educational opportunity rather than merely the elimination of
poverty (Cohen, 2005; Katz, 2013; Kantor & Lowe, 2013).
Schooling is thus a defining component in the creation,
expansion, and character of the American welfare state. The
federal National School Lunch and Breakfast Program (NSLP),
established in 1946, and administered by the United States
Department of Agriculture (USDA), subsidizes and regulates the
serving of more than seven billion meals per year (USDA, 2014).
The programs most recent reauthorization: the Healthy, HungerFree Kids Act (HHKFA) of 2010, endeavors to expand access to
the USDA’s child nutrition programs as a means to “reduce
childhood hunger, [and] improve the nutritional quality of meals
to promote health and address childhood obesity” (Congress,
2010, p. 2). My study examines the NSLP and HHKFA as
quintessential examples of an “educationalized welfare state”
(Kantor & Lowe, 2013). While this research finds that there is a
need to move beyond educational prescriptions in the work of
solving our nation’s problems, an analysis of the case of school
food emphasizes the important role that schooling plays in the
nation’s social welfare; and thus portends the ways in which the
privatization of public education undermines welfare provision in
the United States, and increases social inequality in a way that is
dangerous to the democratic foundations and possibilities of our
system of education, and ultimately the nation.
Discussant:
143. El Nuevo Sur? Place, Race and Identity in the New South
Los Angeles
8:30 to 10:00 am
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Veronica Montes, University of Southern California
Participants:
A Place Called Home / Hogar? Demographic Change and Its
Implications for South Los Angeles. Manuel Pastor,
South Los Angeles, traditionally considered the heart of Black
Los Angeles, has undergone an astonishing demographic
transformation over the last four decades. Roughly eighty
percent African-American in 1970, the area is now around twothirds Latino. However, this was not a spatially uniform
transformation. Rather, there was an influx of Latinos into the
eastern part of South LA just as the African-American population
was both departing the area for Palmdale, Riverside, and other
locales and moving to the somewhat more affluent western
neighborhoods of Baldwin Hills, View Park, and Leimert Park.
This paper will present a spatially differentiated view of the
demographic change, offer socio-economic profiles of the
various neighborhoods, and explore whether these differences in
the rate of change and the contemporary ethnic mix have any
impact on the nature of Black-Latino organizing in subparts of
South L.A.
From South Central Farm to Growing Communities Pierrette
Hondagneu-Sotelo, USC
How are Latinos in South LA reclaiming land for cultivation of
homeland vegetables and for use as public green spaces? The
answer to this question is particularly significant here, as South
LA is an industrial area notorious for toxic chemicals and soil
pollution, as well as the scarcity of public green spaces, tree
canopy, and fresh fruit and vegetables. The post-92 community
based movement activity coincided with health/anti-obesity food
advocacy efforts to enable many local immigrant Latinos to
exercise rural-ranchero cultural capital and know-how as crop
cultivators of homeland vegetables, herbs and fruits—but to what
extent did this build on prior efforts and did it include African
Americans? The paper chronicles the success and demise of
what is believed to be the nation’s largest urban community
garden ever recorded, the South Central Farm, and analyzes
subsequent efforts to grow green spaces in public and private
places in South Los Angeles.
The Role of Nostalgia in the creation of El Terruño/Homeland:
An analysis through the lens of Latino Ethnic Enterprises in
the new South LA. Veronica Montes, University of Southern
California
Ethnic businesses in the United States have grown at a pace four
time faster than their native counterparts. The participation of
both Latino entrepreneurs and Latino consumers contributes
significantly to this ethnic economy. In 2000, the import value of
ethnic and nostalgia products from Mexico – the biggest migrant
community in the US – reached $3.361 million dollars. It is in
this context that the study of ethnic and nostalgia markets in the
US has attracted significant attention among social scientists in
recent years. Yet, with a few exceptions, most studies focus on
the financial and developmental opportunities that these markets
further, leaving aside the analysis of subjectivities that shape
migrants’ consumption patterns and their relations to the
formation of ethnic enterprises, particularly with respect to the
ethnic and nostalgia market. In this paper, I argue that rather than
being a mere sentiment of “longing” that pushes Latino migrants
to consume products from their homeland, the consumption of
these products reveals diverse sociocultural practices that
migrants have developed to cope with a series of psychosocial
challenges as a result of their migratory experience. To develop
this argument, the paper is structured to answer three core
questions: (1) what makes Latino migrants consume nostalgia
products?; (2) why, in spite of years of residence in the host
society, do migrants continue to feel the sentiment of nostalgia?;
and (3) how might the formation of ethnic businesses in the
nostalgia market contribute to the community-building process,
particularly in the geographic context of the new South LA,
where the presence of Latino enterprises began recently.
Ritmos de Resistencia: South L.A.Skacore and Latino youth’s
counter-hegemonic racial formation, economic integration
and gendered performativity Kristie Beltran Hernandez,
Literature on Latino youth integration is divided between
assimilationist and transnational perspectives—where the 2nd
generation either gradually leaves behind their parents’ sending
culture and ties, or maintains them through circular flows,
unbound by borders. This project both builds off of and departs
from these bodies of work by arguing that Latino youth are both
creating geographically bound identities in relation to Blackness,
while still maintaining a sonic counter-hegemonic connection to
their Diasporic communities. Through one year of ethnographic
observations and 73 interviews with Latino skacore musicians,
producers and fans, I demonstrate how a Black Caribbean
subcultural genre is adopted and reformulated by Latino youth in
a historically Black sector of the city to create counterhegemonic spaces and identities. Through these rhythms of
resistance ,Latino youth are crafting spaces that affirm their lives,
create joy and resist assimilation into notions of ideal citizenship.
Within these sonic, material and affective spaces, youth establish
alternative economic modalities,performative hetero cismasculinities, and ethnic identities that center Blackness—both
unwittingly and consciously. That is, through skacore, Latino
youth are carving out alternative meanings of citizenship,
belonging, and home. One upstroke, moshpit and alternative
outfit at a time, they’re creating refuges from the legal violence
of hyper criminalization and mass deportations in their
communities.
144. The Triple "T" of Political Sociology: Taxation, Tea Party,
and Trust
8:30 to 10:00 am
Session Organizer:
Participants:
Ideological Diversity in the TEA Party: Rights and
Responsibilities of Citizenship and Role of the State Kristin
Haltinner, University of Idaho
During the lead up to the 2012 Presidential primaries, a series of
straw polls were conducted among TEA (Taxed Enough Already)
Party activists, with distinct results. Outsiders interpreted these
polls as reflecting a lack of clarity regarding which Republican
candidate TEA Party activists supported. This confusion has been
interpreted by some – including TIME Magazine reporter Alex
Altman - as evidence of indecisiveness among TEA Party
members (Altman 2011). These distinct results do not indicate
indecisiveness nor a “splitting” or “fracture[ing]” of the
organization; rather, they highlight the diversity of beliefs held
by members. Members have distinct perspectives regarding the
role of the state and responsibilities of citizenship and can be
divided into five categories: Christian Conservatives,
Constitutionalists, Reformed Liberals, Libertarians, and
Conspiracy Theorists, each separated by their beliefs regarding
the role of the state and rights of citizenship. This presentation
explores the distinct categories, which I consider internal
sentiment pools, that make up the TEA Party Patriots. It further
contributes to literature on movement dynamics, the circulation
of right-wing ideology regarding the rights and responsibilities of
citizenship, and the ways in which this phenomenon reflects a
new trend in social movement organizations.
Socioeconomic segregation and support for progressive taxation
Isaac William Martin, UC San Diego
Does proximity to rich neighbors affect individuals' support for
progressive taxation? Most quantitative research on the causes of
tax opinion ignores the communities within which survey
respondents are embedded, but qualitative studies find that
everyday discourse about taxation evokes beliefs about
distributive justice and stereotypes about the rich and the poor,
all of which may be informed by experiences in the daily round.
On one hand, to the extent that a preference for increasing taxes
on the rich depends on negative stereotypes of rich people,
contact with rich people may dispel such stereotypes and reduce
support for progressive taxation. On the other hand, to the extent
that a preference for increasing taxes on the rich depends on a
sentiment of envy or a sense of injustice, then contact with the
rich may increase the salience of these sentiments, and thereby
increase support for progressive taxation. I test these hypotheses
by treating neighborhood co-residence as a proxy for contact. By
exploiting new survey data and a new method for estimating of
the neighborhood share of very high income people from U.S.
tax data, I show that being poor and living near rich people is
associated with greater support for taxing the rich. The rise in
socioeconomic segregation in the late twentieth century may
have diminished political support for progressive taxation.
The Intersection of Social and Political Trust: Constructing a
New Hierarchical Trust Typology and Analyzing
Longitudinal Covariates Dana Williams, California State
University, Chico
While much research has separately focused on either
generalized social trust or political trust in institutions, scholars
have rarely investigated the intersection of the two orientations.
Beyond the weak, positive correlation between social and
political trust, no attention has been given to divergent forms of
trust. Individuals who possess (or lack) both social and political
trust are perhaps easily understood, yet those who possess one,
but not the other, are more curious. A new typology, oriented
along unequal social status is created, with categories of trusters,
distrusters, hierarchicalists, and horizontalists. Hierarchicalists
possess political trust, but lack social trust, while horizontalists
possess social trust, but lack political trust. Decades of sociopolitical trust variation in the US is analyzed from the General
Social Survey. A downward trend for both social and political
trust can be observed from the 1970s to 2010s, although political
trust's changes has been particularly erratic. Finally, crucial
socio-demographic covariates are compared across trust
categories, showing major differences between hierarchicalists
and horizontalists.
145. Crime and Delinquency II
8:30 to 10:00 am
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Participants:
Arming Up: Threat Perceptions, Fear of Violence and
Concealed Weapon on Campus. Terressa Benz, University of
Idaho; Patrick Gillham, University of Idaho; Joseph De
Angelis, University of Idaho
In recent years, an increasing number of Republican leaning state
legislatures have passed laws allowing concealed firearms on
university campuses. This paper uses online survey research to
explore the impact that the recent passage of similar law in Idaho
has had on the attitudes and actions of students, faculty, and staff
at one large public university. More specifically, we examine
whether the new law has increased fear of gun victimization
among members of the university and if there has been a
corresponding “arming up” against concealed weapons holders.
Drawing from research in non-campus settings that indicate
people are more likely to carry firearms if they fear they may be
a victim of crime or violence, we compare respondents’ selfreported levels of victimization fear before and after passage of
the law to self-reported temporal patterns in gun carrying
practices. This study helps elucidate whether the passage of the
bill and subsequent perceptions of threat and fear of violence
have increased the carrying of both legal and illegal firearms on
campus.
The Need for Protection: Self-Defense in Detroit Terressa Benz,
University of Idaho
The debate over guns is often simplified into a binary for or
against argument. Yet the proposed solutions to gun violence
emerging from this debate fail to consider that pushing for gun
reform is a luxury afforded to those who feel they can rely on law
enforcement. In Detroit the police are largely absent from daily
life due to years of austerity and neglect. Detroit residents no
longer rely on the police, whose response time to a 911 call is
fifty minutes to twenty-four hours. Further, less than 10% of
cases known to the police are solved and rape kits remain
untested for decades. Out of this relatively lawless environment a
variety of self-protection strategies used by everyday citizens
have emerged, from the buying of guard dogs to the increasing
percentage of the population obtaining concealed pistol licenses
(CPLs). This project uses 30 interviews with Detroit residents
and CPL holders, to explore the strategies they use to protect
themselves in a city without reliable law enforcement. Work of
this nature on self-protection is scarce. Therefore, this paper
plays an important role in advancing knowledge about
victimization, self-protection, and gun ownership.
The Dark Side of Direct Democracy: Ballot Measures and Hate
Crime Nella Van Dyke, University of California, Merced;
Kyle Dodson, University of California, Merced; Stephen P.
Nicholson, University of California, Merced
In 1992, the year that Oregon's ballot included an initiative to
repeal civil rights protections for gays and lesbians, the city of
Portland reported a surge in anti-gay hate crimes. In this study,
we conduct an analysis at the state-level to examine whether this
occurrence was isolated, taking up the question of whether direct
democracy in the form of ballot initiatives has an impact on
levels of hate crime. Research demonstrates that hate crimes are
influenced by economics, immigration, and sometimes aspects of
the political environment. Research on ballot initiatives
demonstrates that they influence both the attitudes and behavior
of citizens, however, scholars have not systematically explored
whether they are associated with increases in violence. We
utilize a state-level dataset using a variety of political, economic,
and demographic indicators to explore how anti-gay and antiimmigrant ballot initiatives influence levels of hate crime. The
results have implications for the literature on hate crime as well
as the political science and political sociological literatures.
Reconceptualizing Concentrated Disadvantage: Testing for an
Interaction Effect between Poverty and Inequality predicting
Homicides in Chicago Bert Burraston, University of
Memphis
There is a large body of research that shows that concentrated
disadvantage (e.g. poverty, unemployment, percent female
headed households, percent Black…) is related to crime.
However, most of this research focuses on disadvantage rather
than the concentration of disadvantage. In this paper we
reconceptualize concentrated disadvantage by hypothesizing that
there is an interaction between poverty and inequality (GINI
coefficient). We expect poverty coefficient predicting homicide
to vary by levels of inequality. We expect the poverty coefficient
to be at its largest level when inequality is low and poverty is
high (i.e. census tracts were poverty is concentrated). We expect
that the relationship between poverty and homicide will be
somewhat weaker when both poverty and inequality is high
because in those areas poverty is not as concentrated. The
independent variables were collected from the U.S. Census
(2010) and include race (Percent Black), poverty, unemployment,
percent female-headed household with a child younger than 18,
the GINI coefficient, and population. Homicide by census tract
was obtained using the City of Chicago’s Data Portal. We utilize
zero-inflated negative binomial models to test the interaction
effect. We find the interaction effect between poverty and
inequality is significant in predicting homicide Chicago. We find
that the coefficient for poverty predicting homicide is strongest at
low levels of inequality.
146. Environmental Politics
Environmental Sociology
8:30 to 10:00 am
Session Organizer:
Robert Futrell, University of Nevada Las Vegas
Presider:
Marko Salvaggio, University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Participants:
Government Intervention Attitudes vs. Town Size Affiliation
Jerry Deon Riener, Idaho State University
In Southeast Idaho, many of the state residents are against the
idea of government intervention in concerns involving the
environment. This creates a challenge for environmental
advocacy groups in implementing changes in a community. One
way to overcome this challenge is to try to understand what these
inhibitions and factors are. This paper will examines how
citizen’s opinions of government intervention and their town size
affiliation, education, political views and age affect citizen’s
opinions of government intervention. Data for the study come
will be used from a 2014 survey administered as part of the
“Managing Idaho’s landscapes for ecosystem services” (MILES)
project. Results reveal that education, political views, town size
affiliation and age correlates with opinions about of government
intervention.
Mormon views on renewable energy, climate change, and the
environment in Utah, Idaho, and Wyoming Shawn Keating
Olson, Utah State University; Peter G. Robertson, Utah
State University; Richard S. Krannich, Utah State University
This research investigates the relationship between Mormon
religiosity and support for industrial-scale renewable energy
development. We situate our study within the literature on
religion and environment, and provide a contribution to the
relatively limited amount of research that has been done
examining the association between Mormonism and
environmental concern. While some studies have found that
members of the Mormon Church are significantly less likely to
support environmental policy and behaviors, others have found
that Mormons display higher levels of environmental concern
than general U.S. population. In 2013, Church leaders issued
strong statements indicating a conviction that ‘all humankind are
stewards – not owners – over this earth’ who should ‘avoid
wasting life and resources’ provided by God. However, the
Church’s position did not indicate its position on renewable
energy specifically. Using results from a 2013 community survey
of rural residents in Utah, Idaho, and Wyoming (n=907), we
compare views on renewable energy amongst Mormons (n=316),
those of other faiths (n=360), and those who do not report a
religious affiliation (n=157). We also compare perspectives
across communities that are Mormon-dominant (n=571) and
more religiously diverse (n=336). Variations in environmental
orientation, perspectives on traditional energy use such as the
burning of fossil fuels, and beliefs about climate change are also
reported.
We Are (Not) Who We Were: Place, Identity and the Battle
over Tara Julia Miller Cantzler, University of San Diego
This paper traces the controversy over the construction of a major
motorway through the heart of one of Ireland’s most iconic and
treasured heritage sites: The Hill of Tara. Through the analysis of
preservationists’ discursive strategies, the author reveals how key
nationalistic themes that have been repeatedly utilized by Irish
political actors during historical episodes of contention and statebuilding are reactivated within this contemporary environmental
struggle. This is a theoretically compelling exercise because it
reveals the durability of nationalistic symbols over time and in
diverse political contexts. In the case of Ireland, it demonstrates
how citizens make sense of themselves in terms of their past and
how landscape and national heritage sites play a particularly
meaningful role in the process of national identity construction in
this relatively young republic. It also provides insight into the
strategic aspect of identity formation as it is linked to frame
alignment processes in a manifestly inter-connected and
globalizing world. In the case of Tara, this process is complicated
by conflicting pressures of modernity and the allure of economic
prosperity that also vie for preeminence as national interests.
Pennsylvania Newspaper Coverage of Fracking, 2009-2013: A
Social Constructionist Approach Christine Dobisch, New
Mexico State University
Over the past decade, hydraulic fracturing, known colloquially as
fracking, has become an increasingly widespread practice in
regions that contain vast natural gas reserves. Research to date
indicates that economic and environmental concerns are the
dominant socially constructed frames of fracking. This research
has typically relied on interviews and survey data to gain insight
into these dynamics. What remains under-examined is the variety
of discursive processes used to socially construct fracking in
news media coverage. It is important to examine environmental
issues such as fracking in the context of news coverage because
past research has demonstrated that the framing of an issue can
influence the audience’s perception of that issue. Such an impact
on public opinion may influence policy-making and, ultimately,
the energy and environmental future of the United States. Thus,
this paper seeks to answer the following question: How have
news sources discursively framed hydraulic fracturing over time?
To address this query, I intend to conduct a qualitative content
analysis of fracking coverage in three major Pennsylvanian
newspapers: the Philadelphia Inquirer, the Pittsburgh PostGazette, and the Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. The data consists of
articles from these sources that were published from 2009 to
2013.
147. PSA Business Meeting
Event
8:30 to 10:00 am
Session Organizer:
Member:
Amy Denissen, California State University, Northridge
148. Qualitative Methods and Case Studies: A Diverse Mixture
Methods
8:30 to 10:00 am
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Participants:
Using Arts-Based Methods in Community Health Research
Ellie Byrne, Cardiff University; Eva Elliott, Cardiff
University; Gareth Williams, Cardiff University; Pete
Seaman, Glasgow Centre for Population Health; Roiyah
Saltus, University of South Wales; Sarah-Anne Munoz,
University of the Highlands and Islands; Qulsom Fazil,
University of Birmingham; Clare Barker, University of
Leeds; Issie MacPhail, University of the Highlands and
Islands; Claire McKechnie-Mason, Glasgow Centre for
Population Health; Joanna Skelt, University of Birmingham
In this paper we consider the way in which arts based methods
such as storytelling, history, film and song writing engage people
in health research and produce knowledge. The paper explores
the methods used in a UK-wide case study project on community
health and wellbeing. The project explores how the arts and
humanities might help communities talk about local life, health
and wellbeing to people making decisions about their local area.
Each community is distinct, yet they all may experience
marginalisation or difficulty in some way when it comes to
representing their health and wellbeing to decision makers. As
part of the research we are developing innovative and meaningful
forms of exchange between communities and decision makers
about community health and wellbeing. We have deliberately
sought methods that are alternative to traditional qualitative
methods such as interviews, which can be experienced as
alienating, extractive and intimidating. Instead, we have tried to
use methods which place participants and researchers in a more
egalitarian power relationship, where participants have more
control over the research setting, the topics of conversation and
research outputs. We present and reflect on our methods in terms
of embodiment, emotion and the senses, aiming to demonstrate
how artistic practice can have value both in terms of its
instrumental role and its intrinsic qualities.
Courting the Courtroom Richelle Swan, CSUSM; Marisol
Clark-Ibáñez, CSU San Marcos; Dawn Lee, California State
University San Marcos; Kaitlin Medina, California State
University San Marcos
In this presentation, we analyze the relevance of a humanizing
research framework (Paris & Winn, 2013), a social justice
approach to research in marginalized communities, to an ongoing
ethnography of a federal immigration courthouse. This paper
reflects the findings of the first five months of our study. We
highlights the various negotiations that we made in our attempt to
apply a humanizing framework to an administrative courtroom
setting that often marginalizes respondents and researchers. We
discuss issues such as gaining entrée, negotiating gatekeepers in
the court, and managing presentations of self to maneuver among
multiple courtroom actors. In addition, we consider the often
overlooked issues of researcher emotion management and the
humanization of people holding adversarial roles. We conclude
with suggestions on how to expand upon the humanizing
research framework.
Anonymous: A Case Study of a Faceless Movement Brian
Michael Lee, University of Nevada, Reno
In this paper, "case studies of a case study" were conducted. This
paper investigates the hacktivist group, "Anonymous" as an overarching case study in an effort to argure that they are a social
movement. Additionally, this paper examines media accounts of
events in which members of Anonymous had taken part in or for
which they claimed credit. Hence, "case studies of a case study".
By examining these events and accounts pertaining to
Anonymous, this paper identifies repeating themes in their stated
goals. As an effort to determine what the hacktivist group may
be hoping to achieve, publicly stated goals of each case/event
were examined, as well as their impact and outcomes, when
available. Multiple repeating themes of goals for the group were
found.
149. Generational and Historical Shifts within Social Movements
8:30 to 10:00 am
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Eulalie Laschever, University of California, Irvine
Participants:
Growth and Decay of Organizational Sectors: Gun Control and
Gun Rights Organizations from 1945 to 2012 Eulalie
Laschever, University of California, Irvine; David S. Meyer,
The social movement literature on political opportunity and
resource mobilization theories offer different predictions about
whether countermovements will rise and fall symmetrically over
time. By analyzing original data collected on 56 organizations
and four major national newspaper over 67 year we determine the
size of the gun control and gun rights organizational sectors and
the distribution of newspaper visibility across these two sectors
each year between 1945 and 2012. Using IRS tax report forms
we compare the funding distribution across organizations from
2009 and 2012. We find notable differences in the number,
stability, and visibility of organizations on each side of the gun
debate. First, there have always been more gun rights
organizations, and they are more durable. Second, visibility in
the gun control sector is shared and temporary, while the gun
rights sector’s visibility is completely dominated by the National
Rifle Association. However, organizational foundings were
symmetrical, and clustered in the year or two after high-profile
shootings, after the introduction of new legislation, following
major legislative gains or losses, and in response to growth in the
opposing movement sector. Both sectors contracted after the gun
control sector failed to pass new legislation after the Columbine
High School Shooting. The organizations that died were those
with less funding and less formal organizational structures.
Therefore, political context shifts explain the symmetry of
organizational foundings in opposing movement sectors, but
resource disparities drive asymmetries in both sector size and
organizational visibility over time.
Threats, Resources, and American pro-Israel Coalitions Rottem
Sagi, University of California, Irvine
Scholars have found that coalitions tend to grow during times of
threat due to increased access to resources and the presence of a
common enemy. Despite a rich literature and renewed interest in
social movement coalitions, questions remain about how
resources, threats, and ideological diversity affect coalition
growth. Drawing on interviews and archival data, I examined the
formation and growth of Conference of Presidents of Major
American Jewish Organizations (COP), the largest formal proIsrael coalition within the American Jewish community. I used
event-history models to understand how COP responded to
different types of threats as well as the effect of resources and
ideological diversity on coalition growth. I analyzed the purpose
statements of over 700 national Jewish organizations, listed in
the "American Jewish Yearbook", 1965-2005. I found that of a
variety of salient events, military attacks on Israeli soil were most
strongly linked to coalition growth. Furthermore, threats and
increased access to resources were linked to less ideological
diversity among coalition member groups. During times of
threat, when Jewish pro-Israel groups had greater access to
resources, COP member groups espoused more similar
ideologies in their purpose statements. This suggests that when
coalition member groups had access to resources and were facing
a common thereat, they promoted more similar ideologies and
formed a united front.
Social Movements and Transformation in the 20th and Early
21st Century: Catalyst for Social Change Berch Berberoglu,
University of Nevada, Reno
Social movements have emerged and struggled against repressive
authoritarian states that advance the interests of dominant classes
over that of the great majority of the people throughout the
course of the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. They
have become empowered through mass mobilization and
collective political action to bring about social transformations
across the globe. This paper provides an analysis of the
conditions that lead to the emergence and development of social
movements struggling to bring about social transformation. It
examines the origins, nature, dynamics, and challenges of social
movements as they struggle to transform the prevailing dominant
social, economic, and political institutions. After a brief
theoretical discussion on the conditions leading to the
development of social movements, the paper explores the
dynamics of movement organization and mobilization with
examples of concrete cases of social movements that have
succeeded in transforming societies across the globe. The paper
points out that recent mobilization, protests, and political
responses by various social movements are leading to protracted
struggles that threaten entrenched dominant class interests that
have held on to power for decades. The significance of the
success of the Arab Spring lies in its impact on social movements
elsewhere in the world, as such rebellions tend to have a ripple
effect in triggering similar uprisings in other countries when
mass movements express their will to bring about change through
collective political action.
150. Reproductions of Class Race & Gender: Works in Progress
Race, Class, and Gender
8:30 to 10:00 am
Session Organizer:
Marcos
Presider:
Participants:
"The Rest is History": Afro-Asian Fusion in L.A. Hip-Hop
Ninochka McTaggart, University of California, Riverside
While mainstream American culture bombards us with antiAsian and anti-Black stereotypes, U.S. history is filled with both
interethnic tensions and alliances between Blacks and Asian
Americans. From the Black Power/Yellow Power movements of
the late 1960s, to the Kung Fu and Blaxploitation films of the
1970s, to the LA race riots in the 1990s, to hip hop today, Blacks
and Asian Americans have had quite a unique relationship to
each other. This research explores that history as well as
respondents’ experiences with black/Asian relationships.
Respondents discuss anti-Black or anti-Asian stereotypes and
also recount strong deep bonds they have forged with African
Americans or Asian Americans, that they often feel would not
have occurred without their hip hop connection. Hip hop
provides a site of micro level racial change through these stories.
(Re)Producing Inequality: Mobilizing Race, Class, and Gender
Discourses in the Debate over Fetal Pain Ashlyn Jaeger, UC
Davis
The scientific and political debate over whether a fetus can
experience pain highlights a vital and controversial boundary for
biopolitical governance—the boundary of life. This project
analyzes how life and citizenship are constructed in the fetal pain
debate as captured on the Congressional Record. Conducting a
feminist discourse analysis of legislation and congressional
records, I examine how political actors use socially constructed
systems of power and difference, such as gender, race, and class,
to establish political legitimacy. While those for and against the
bill take a different stance on abortion policy, each uses
ideologies of race, class, and gender to construct notions of
“deserving personhood” and “good motherhood”. These ideals
perpetuate inequalities in reproductive policy by privileging the
experiences and needs of the white middle class. Overall, I show
how the fetal pain debate is not merely a struggle to define when
life begins, but also a biopolitical project to construct white
middle class lives as essential to the health and survival of the
nation.
Chinese Maternity Tourists and “Anchor Babies”: Online
Commentators’ Disdain and Racialized Conditional
Acceptance of Non-citizen Reproduction Cassaundra
Rodriguez, UMass Amherst
Anti-immigrant organizations and political pundits have long
demonized the reproduction of undocumented immigrant Latinas
by fueling a discourse about their so-called “anchor babies.” By
2011, however, online news sources began reporting on Chinese
maternity tourists visiting the U.S. for the purpose of birthing
their children on U.S. soil. In this paper, I analyze New York
Times online comments in response to the reporting of Chinese
maternity tourism. Using content analysis, I ask: how do online
commentators make sense of debates concerning birthright
citizenship and “anchor babies” in response to the media
coverage on Chinese maternity tourism? I find that online
commentators overwhelmingly demonize Chinese Maternity
tourism by including this practice into broader debates about
“anchor babies” and the reforming of birthright citizenship. Some
commentators, however, use race-specific tropes and malleable
claims about class to construct the children of Chinese maternity
tourists as a paradoxical asset or threat to the country, often
comparing them to the children of undocumented mothers that
are explicitly marked as Latina/o or Mexican. Using neoliberal
logics and Asian-specific stereotypes about model minority
status, some commentators offer a racialized conditional
acceptance of non-citizen reproduction, revealing that
citizenship, while highly policed among the citizenry, can be
precariously and problematically expanded.
Daughters of the Cinema: The Contributions of Black Female
Filmmakers Christina N Baker, Sonoma State Univeristy
The primary question that I plan to address through my research
is: In what ways have African American female filmmakers
shaped the film industry? The mass media and film industry
have, until recently, left out the complex and diverse perspectives
and voices of African American women. When they have been
included in film and media, African American women have
primarily been portrayed using negative and controlling images,
such as the subservient mammy, welfare mother, hypersexual
jezebel and argumentative sapphire. I am interested in exploring
how the introduction of a number of African American female
filmmakers, beginning in the 1990s, have influenced the
representation of women of color in film. My research on African
American filmmakers is grounded in intersectionality theory,
which emphasizes the importance of examining the complex
positions and viewpoints of women of color. The intersectional
framework initially grew out of the work of legal scholar,
Kimberle Crenshaw. With Black women at the center of her
analysis, Crenshaw challenged the tendency of feminist theory
and racial politics to treat race and gender as mutually exclusive
categories. In my proposed research, the intersectional approach
places African American women (as filmmakers and actors) at
the center of the analysis and provides insight into how black
female filmmakers may incorporate more multidimensional
images of women of color. The intersectional framework also
allows us to critique the specific racialized and gendered
ideologies that have been dominant in the mainstream media’s
representation of women of color.
Casino Workers Bettina Kira Serna, California State University
San Marcos
My study focuses on female card dealers in a California card
room. I examine the ways that the women perform gender in an
environment that is dominated by men - clients and management.
I draw on ethnography and in-depth interviews to understand the
women's coping mechanisms as they work in a hyper-sexualized,
hetero-normative work environment. The female card dealers
work at minimum wage and rely primarily on tips. I rely on the
analytical framework of emotional work and emotional labor.
151. The American Dream
10:15 to 11:45 am
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Robert C. Hauhart, Saint Martin's University
Participants:
A Sociological Theory of the American Dream for the 21st
Century Robert C. Hauhart, Saint Martin's University
The American Dream is a central feature of the American
experience since the idea's popularization by James Truslow
Adams in 1931 in his book "The Epic of America". The phrase is
iconic and has been adopted by flag-waving patriots, Madison
Avenue marketers, and presidents of both parties to inspire and
motivate generations of Americans. Indeed, the term is so
ubiquitous that it is often used and consumed, unexamined, by
laymen and professionals alike yet its very dominance in our
culture calls out for analysis. This paper will explore the
development of a sociological theory of the American Dream for
the 21st century.
Blue Collar American Dreams and the American Class System
Jeff Torlina, Utah Valley University
This paper explores the impact of The American Dream as an
ideological force in the United States. This issue was famously
addressed by Louis Althusser as he suggested that the
consumerism inherent in The American Dream is a primary
illustration of “Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses.” My
argument is that the neomarxist interpretation of The Dream as a
cause of working class false consciousness is inappropriate. It
has the effect of derogating the working class. The negative
identity that is depicted by followers of Althusser’s Ideological
State Apparatuses theory is challenged in interviews of bluecollar workers whose cultural identities distance themselves from
consumerism and status symbol commodities. I argue that
working class culture provides some insulation from The
American Dream. The negative imagery that represents the
working class in theories of The Dream are ideological in
themselves because they reproduce devalued conceptions of the
working class. The Dream itself is also ideological, but more for
the white-collar professional class than the working class. The
American Dream defines commodities as symbols of status and
identities, and the large extent to which middle class culture
embraces The Dream is one way that white-collar workers
separate themselves from the working class. This division among
white- and blue-collar workers supports the capitalist class,
representing yet a third dimension of The American Dream as an
ideology. Althusser was correct to identify The American Dream
as an ideological force, but his critique should be aimed at the
middle class rather than the working class.
Reforming the American Dream and Conforming Welfare
Mothers Sheila M Katz, Sociology Department, University of
Houston
The American Dream focuses on middle-class values and
provides a frame for middle-class Americans to pursue these
goals. Yet, what does our current social safety net indicate about
the ideals of the American Dream? What are our national
assumptions about how those who are low-income should pursue
the American Dream? To take up these tensions, this presentation
explores how extensive changes in 1996 to the U.S. national
welfare system prioritized “work first” policies for low-income
parents, mostly single mothers, and restricted educational
opportunities for participants. Despite a “pull yourself up by your
bootstraps” discourse, the Temporary Assistance for Needy
Families (TANF) program devalues and severely restricts
participants’ access to higher education. Welfare reform policies
arose from prevailing public opinion and assumptions by
politicians that welfare mothers were morally different from
middle-class Americans. This deficient morality argument
presupposed that welfare mothers are not interested in pursuing
the American Dream through hard work or higher education, and
blamed them for their poverty, single parent status, and low
economic position in society. However, these are false
assumptions about mothers on welfare. Mothers on welfare are
not morally different than other Americans, and the frame of the
American Dream can explain their actions. They are trying to
accomplish similar goals as other Americans, such as providing
for their families by pursuing a higher education. Finally, given
the American Dream ideology, why is the dream important for
social policy considerations?
152. Identity, Rights & Reproduction
10:15 to 11:45 am
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Laury Oaks, Department of Feminist Studies, UC Santa
Barbara
Participants:
Abortion as Plot Point: Analyzing Portrayals of Pregnancy
Decision-Making on American Television Katrina Kimport,
UC San Francisco; Gretchen Sisson, UC San Francisco
Despite the popular narrative that abortion is not depicted in
American television, a recent census demonstrates that such
plotlines do exist. This finding calls for a shift in research
question from whether abortion is depicted in fictional television
shows to how. We begin to answer this question through a
content analysis of the 56 American television shows with
abortion-related plotlines broadcast between 2004 and 2014. We
analyzed plotlines for depictions of the character considering
abortion; the circumstances of her pregnancy; how she makes her
decision; the mental, physical, and social aspects of abortion
care; and disclosures of abortions by other characters. We find
that the characters with an unintended pregnancy are usually
white teens who are not currently parenting; the pregnancies are
most frequently the result of “bad sex” that is marked as
unenjoyable and/or outside of a broader commitment (e.g. onenight stands); and the abortion clinic is featured as a place where
women make their pregnancy decision. We compare these
findings to demographics of women who obtain abortions in the
U.S. and research on the contexts in which they make pregnancy
decisions, showing the discrepancies between fiction and real
life. Such analyses of how abortion figures narratively in these
shows contribute to understandings of the place abortion holds in
the public imagination.
The Reproductive Justice Consequences of Searches for
Biological Parents: A Comparative Analysis Laury Oaks,
Department of Feminist Studies, UC Santa Barbara
Building on a theme in my book to be published by NYU Press
in May 2015, Giving Up Baby: Safe Haven Laws, Motherhood,
and Reproductive Justice, this paper presents a comparative
analysis of search narratives by teens and young adults in three
areas: 1) planned adoption, 2) donor sperm bank pregnancy, and
3) anonymous newborn surrender following safe haven laws.
This study contributes to interdisciplinary social science
scholarship on family formation, reproductive technologies, and
genetic identities. Although sociologists, anthropologists,
historians, and feminist studies scholars have traced adoptee
search movements dating back to the 1970s, the subject of
searches by donor-conceived or safe haven babies is more recent
and understudied. Babies born when sperm banks became
popularized and newborns who were relinquished under state
safe haven laws established beginning in 1999 are now teenagers
and young adults. They are entering a life stage characterized by
an investment in understanding self-identity. I examine how
themes in narratives about the importance of searching for
genetic “family members” are linked to broader reproductive
justice politics and judgments about what constitutes socially
acceptable motherhood and fatherhood. The paper draws on
published newspaper coverage, internet forums, and websites
sponsored by search advocates to focus on the selfhood and
parenthood discourses that frame the meaning of searching for
information about one’s genetic and family history. I argue that
searches for one’s ethnic, racial, sexual, medical, and other
identities have reproductive justice consequences for those who
participate in the largely unregulated practices of adoption, donor
insemination, and safe haven use.
“I Didn’t Come Out, I Gave Up”: Transitions to Gay
Fatherhood among Previously Married Men Megan Carroll,
The attention afforded to gay fathers through both media and
scholarship has disproportionately focused on parents who built
their families in the context of same-sex relationships. Gay
fathers who had children in the context of heterosexual
relationships are often excluded from shared definitions of gay
families in society, and little is known about their needs and
experiences. Why do these men decide to come out, and what do
they learn through the process? How are previously married gay
fathers’ family members affected by their transition? What do
they have in common with men who built their families through
adoption or surrogacy, and how do they explain their absence
from research? Using data from interviews and participant
observation of gay parenting groups, this paper puts the
experiences of previously married gay fathers from Utah in
conversation with gay fathers via adoption or surrogacy from
Southern California and Texas. Findings indicate a shared
emphasis on children and family and a shared imagination for a
positive future of gay parenting. Recommendations include
workplace protections, support for extended family members,
and stronger acknowledgement of the broad diversity of gay
parents in society.
153. Doing Race, Class, Gender, Sexuality in Educational
Settings
10:15 to 11:45 am
Session Organizer:
Marcos
Presider:
Participants:
(Hiding) In Plain Sight: How Income Status Matters Differently
Among Low-Income Students in Suburban Schools Queenie
Zhu, Harvard University
Using qualitative methods, this study investigates the integration
of low-income students in two predominantly middle-class
suburban schools, and finds that low-income students’
experiences vary depending on the salience and meaning of their
low-income status. Low-income students’ integration is a result
of processes occurring at two levels. At the interpersonal level,
students engage in boundary formation and maintenance as they
negotiate hierarchies through humor, friendship groupings, and
other day-to-day activities. At one school, where income is
“marked” by minority racial status and income is a stratifying
agent, low-income minorities engage in stigma management
while low-income whites are able to “pass” as higher-income. At
the other school, where income is less visibly marked, the
salience of a low-income status is low, and income status does
not act as a stratifier. At the organizational level, the spatial
layout of campus, curricular tracking, and collective school
identity facilitate the status quo. This study has implications for
future work on low-income students in higher-income school
settings and stresses the importance of further exploring how
race, income, and context interact to contribute to the
heterogeneity among low-income students in higher-income
schools.
Discrimination through the Ranks: How Tenure, Rank, Gender,
and Race Affect Perceptions of Discrimination Gesemia
Nelson, Metropolitam State Univeristy of Denver
This presentation will report on survey data collected in spring
2013 from the faculty of a large university. The survey collected
a variety of data including experiences with discrimination,
perceptions of the university climate, and demographic
characteristics. These data are part of an ongoing longitudinal
study initiated by the Faculty Senate of the institution. This
presentation will look at how rank and tenure status are related to
self-reported experiences with discrimination along with
perceptions of campus climate. Do we see a difference in how
faculty members at different ranks perceive discrimination? Is
the effect a function largely of gender and ethnic differences at
different ranks? Or does rank have an independent effect apart
from race and gender?
Gendered, Racialized, and Sexualized Discourses in the
Culinary Arts School: If you can’t stand the heat, get out of
the kitchen Jennifer Puentes, Indiana University
Bloomington
Sexualized discourses become a prominent aspect of the group
culture within culinary kitchen classrooms, often having
gendered and racialized components. For culinary students, the
options to participate in sexualized discourses and the
consequences of their participation differ by students’ gender and
race. Using ethnographic observations from a Midwestern
culinary arts program in an urban area and in-depth interviews, I
argue that the intersection of gender and race contributes to
students’ strategies for negotiating these sexualized discourses
during social interactions. Chef instructors use both verbal
instruction and modeling behavior to teach students how to
communicate and move their bodies in professional kitchens.
Sexualized discourses emerge primarily during student
interactions with other students but at times are reinforced by
chef instructors. In the culinary arts educational institutions the
prominent narrative is that kitchens are egalitarian work spaces
where success is based on merit, but interactions between
students and between students and chef instructors suggest an
androcentric culture persists. As a result women and men
develop different strategies to navigate this environment. My
research has implications for literatures on intersectionality,
higher education, and occupational socialization.
154. The Social Construction/Design of Public Space
10:15 to 11:45 am
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Kacey Jones, Chief Dull Knife College
Participants:
"A Living Room for our Community:" The Social Construction
of Public Space in Washington, Utah Kacey Jones, Chief
Dull Knife College
Despite the presence of community recreation centers in both
rural and urban areas throughout the United States, few studies
have investigated participant use of these types of facilities
(McKenzie et al. 2013). This study examines the social
interactions of participants at the Washington City Community
Center (WCCC) in Southern Utah. Through individual
interviews, focus groups, and participant observation, this study
documents the social gains experienced by community members
interacting in municipally funded public space. Community
members of all ages are participating in WCCC programs: from
very young children attending the WCCC preschool to retired
adults enrolled in insurance-sponsored wellness programs.
While at the WCCC, community members experience a wide
variety of gains, from developing new skills and meeting fitness
goals to constructing relationships that extend beyond WCCC
walls. The findings of this study shed some light for policy
makers on the social significance of community recreation
centers, and the impact these centers can have on their
communities.
Member Participation and Social Gains at the Washington City
Community Center 2008-2014 Adam Baker, BYU
While there is a well-established literature that investigates the
importance of social capital (Bourdieu 1972, Coleman 1988,
Putnam 1995) in building communities, families, and individuals,
few studies examine the role that municipal structures play in
facilitating social capital construction. The central focus of this
study centers on the experiences of community members while
participating in recreation programs, fitness activities, and events
at the Washington City Community Center (WCCC). Thus, this
study seeks to explain not only who (in terms of demographic
indicators) is participating in programs events at the WCCC, but
answer why those members are deciding to participate. In order
to answer the research questions, a survey was designed that was
administered to community members that have participated in
recreation programs, events, and fitness programs over the past
six years. This study sheds light on the levels and types of social
gains community members experience participating in
municipally-controlled recreation centers.
Why Design Matters: How Local Values, Relationships, and
Businesses Built the Washington City Community Center
Roger Carter, Southern Utah University
In 2006, the Southern Utah community of Washington City
broke ground on the largest recreation center in the state of Utah.
Serving a population of approximately 17,000 and experiencing
double-digit residential growth, the citizens requested that their
local representatives consider the building of a recreation facility
to serve the population. When construction began in fall 2006,
city administration received direction from elected officials that
the facility would be more than just a place for fitness and health.
The facility would be built to encompass all interests and age
groups within the community. The facility was to be constructed
in such a way as to be a “gathering place,” where friendships
would be made, associations strengthened, and community ties
developed. This mission drove all that occurred from the
groundbreaking on. What started as the building of a recreation
center quickly became the building of a community of
participants. From deciding to build the facility as a “designbuild” project to the selecting of contractors and partners, from
the programming to the on-going business partnerships, all
efforts were placed in not just building something from brickand-mortar but in constructing a building that would strengthen
community ties. Through individual and group interviewing, this
study illustrates how community values, and relationships
between elected officials, municipal leadership, and local
businesses impacted the construction of the Washington City
Community Center. Particular attention is paid to how
relationships were vital to the construction process, and how
these relationships ultimately influenced the design and impact of
the facility.
The historical and perceptual layering of urban space Pepper
Glass, Weber State University; Viviana Felix, Weber State
University
Using interviews collected while residents travel around a city,
this study explores the role of memories in how residents
perceive urban space. Residents of Ogden, Utah often invoked
memories of experiences and places while immersed in the
present. This personal layering of the historical on the present
day paralleled collective historical processes, making the city
attractive to some residents but unattractive and fearful for
others. The study also considers the connection of this historical
layering with the demographic characteristics of residents,
especially race, class, and immigrant status.
155. Political Sociology: Conservative and Elite Political
Movements and Initiatives
10:15 to 11:45 am
Session Organizer:
Participants:
Politics and Processes of Climate Change Denial Jeffrey Robert
Gunn, Whittier College
The ultra-conservative policy planning networks associated with
the fossil fuels industries are examined using original network
data sets. Robust and cohesive organizational networks reflect
strong ties between fossil-fuel billionaires, conservative think
tanks, the media, and the old money (and new) foundations.
These powerful and mostly unseen networks have broadened the
influence of the far right in discussions of climate science. These
networks direct, fund, and carry out a denial and delay campaign
borrowing heavily from the tactical lessons learned from the
tobacco denial campaign, and financed and organized by many of
the same organizations and individuals.
The Surveillance Network Karina Russ, University of
Washington
This study analyzes the connections between political and
economic surveillance through mapping what I call “the
surveillance network.” Through the use of actor-network theory,
power theories, surveillance theory and a critique of
neoliberalism, this study argues that surveillance is central to the
advancement of the neoliberal project in that it is used to create,
expand and strengthen economic markets. The most recent form
of surveillance is metadata, the use of which is legitimized
through a particular philosophy regarding the accuracy of data in
reflecting an objective reality. Furthermore, this study ultimately
concludes that the dichotomy between political and economic
surveillance commonly found in the surveillance literature needs
to be transcended because both political and economic actants
use political and economic surveillance to pursue overlapping
goals. Lastly, this study concludes that the state has the ability to
act on behalf of capital, but does not always act necessarily at its
behest.
The Impact of Texas's Voter ID Law: An examination of Waller
County Robert P. Jones, Prairie View A&M University;
Karen Manges Douglas, Sam Houston State University
Prairie View, Texas is a rural community located in Waller
County in the piney woods of east Texas and home to Prairie
View A&M University (PVAMU). PVAMU is a historical black
university and was the epicenter of a voting rights case that lasted
most of the 1970s involving the rights of college students to vote
in the communities in which they attended college. Prairie View
A&M students eventually prevailed establishing the right for
college students across the United States to vote in their college
community. In 2014, PVAMU was again at the heart of a voting
rights case. This time PVAMU student Imani Clark, who used to
vote with her student ID but has not voted since Texas’s Voter
ID law went into effect in June 2013 shortly after Section 5 of the
VRA was overturned by the US Supreme Court was a key
witness in a lawsuit claiming that Texas’s new law
disproportionately impacts minority voters. Judge Nelva
Gonzales Ramos agreed saying that the law “creates an
unconstitutional burden on the right to vote” (NY Times, Oct. 14,
2014). The State appealed the ruling and convinced the appellate
court to allow the 2014 elections to proceed with the ID law in
tact. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of
Texas’s voter ID law examining the impact on voters at PVAMU
and Waller, County. We will analyze the voter data from the
2014 midterm election and compare it to the turnout of PVAMU
students and registered voters of Waller County from previous
midterm elections.
156. Crime and Delinquency III
10:15 to 11:45 am
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Andrea Dassopoulos, University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Participants:
Moving full speed ahead in the wrong direction? A critical
examination of U.S. sex offender policy from a positive
sexuality model DJ Williams, Idaho State University; Jeremy
Thomas, Idaho State University; Emily E. Prior, College of
the Canyons
Despite an extensive research literature on sexual offending,
much of current sexual offender policy within the United States
runs counter to such literature, and instead, is based on common,
pervasive myths about sexual offenders. Not surprisingly, recent
studies on sex offender policy effectiveness suggest that current
approaches are both costly and largely ineffective. In this paper,
we suggest that a longstanding socio-cultural climate of sexnegativity fuels common fears and misconceptions about sexual
offending and about policy related to treatment and supervision.
We present a positive sexuality model and consider how the
effectiveness of dealing with sexual offending issues could be
improved through using a positive sexuality approach to guide
policy.
Closure or Censure?: Examining Determinants of Disclosure of
Sexual Assault among College Students Whitney HeadBurgess, Portland State University
Sexual assault is a common occurrence on college campuses,
with some projections indicating that one in four college women
will experience some kind of sexual assault or sexual coercion
during her time on campus. Colleges and universities have been
actively policing and implementing policy regarding rape and
sexual assault for over twenty years, yet they still remain highly
underreported crimes whose reported rates have not declined in
the last fifty years. This research endeavored to help gauge the
true incidence of sexual assault on a mid-sized, public university
campus in the northwest by gaining a better understanding of the
mechanisms which facilitate sexual assault on and around the
college campus and the disclosure practices of victims. Prior
research indicated that fraternity/sorority systems and popular
athletics can foster an environment of male dominated space and
a more normalized acceptance of sexual violence. This study
adds to the literature by examining determinants of sexual assault
and sexual violence disclosure by investigating the patterns of
disclosure on a campus which lacks both a Greek system and
large athletics department. Further, it allows for men, women
and those on the gender spectrum to relate their experiences
through an anonymous survey which substantially broaden the
lens on gender, sexual assault and disclosure.
Registered Sex Offender Perceptions of the Public Sex Offender
Registry Karen E. Gordon, Glendale Community College
(Arizona)
Narrative data from thirty registered sex offenders (RSOs) who
appear on the public sex offender registry (SOR) shed light on
the meaning of the SOR in their lives. RSOs discuss the balance
between the public’s rights and right to information and their
own right to try to move beyond their offenses. While the RSOs
in this study agree that the SOR serves some positive function for
the community and can create a better sense of awareness, many
in this study feel as though the SOR paints all of them with the
“same brush” — lumping violent sexual predators with those
who see themselves as lesser offenders. The distinction some
RSOs make based on offense type becomes a means to examine
the what they think are the intentions of the SOR and how RSOs
see other RSOs and sometimes attempt to distance themselves
from RSOs. These narratives also present a way to begin to
understand RSO negotiation of the RSO label and aspects of
RSO identity in society as well as potential problems confronted
by the RSO and their family members.
Stepping Off the Stage for Good: Occupational Obstacles
Exotic Dancers Encounter When Exiting the Industry Sasha
Tamara Santhoff, California State University, Los Angeles
Due to a highly stigmatized industry, job secrecy is abundant
among prostitutes and exotic dancers. However, prostitutes
garner more attention, care and research regarding their
experiences leaving the profession. Previous research has focused
on the exiting strategies of prostitution, but very little research
has focused on the strategies utilized by exotic dancers when
attempting to leave the sex industry. While programs are offered
to assist prostitutes to re-enter the work force, little aid is offered
to exotic dancers. This study is aimed to evaluate the prevalence
of occupational stigma associated with exotic dancers and its
relationship to the barriers experienced when seeking jobs. This
analysis focuses on three research questions: 1) Do exotic
dancers encounter obstacles when attempting to re-enter the work
force? 2) What kinds of obstacles do they encounter? 3) How do
they overcome these obstacles? In depth interviews were
conducted and preliminary results indicate exotic dancers
experience similar difficulties as prostitutes when re-entering the
work force. Some ex-dancers even turned to club “regulars” for
occupational resources, which means that even when trying to
exit the sex industry, exotic dancers are still connected to the
industry and the stigma that goes with it. Therefore, results
suggest there is a need to implement similar work re-socializing
programs for exotic dancers
Fat Work: interactionally Managing Fat Stigma Tamara
Sniezek, California State University Stanislaus
Interactional strategies to prevent and manage the stigma of
being fat were explored. In depth qualitative interviews with 17
self described fat or formally fat people were undertaken.
Interviews revealed that a great deal of time is spent anticipating
potentially threatening situations and strategizing to avoid or
minimize perceived stigma regarding their fat body. Virtually
any situation had perceived threats and a great deal of time is
spent anticipating such threats. The world for many fat people is
threatening and anxiety producing.
157. Environmental Justice, Consciousness and Lifestyle
10:15 to 11:45 am
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Erick Lopez, University of Nevada Las Vegas
Participants:
Latinas/os and the Struggle for Environmental Justice in
Suburbia: A Comparative Analysis Armando Xavier Mejia,
University of Wisconsin, Madison & California State
University, Long Beach
Empirical research on environmental inequality in the United
States has made it evident that racial and ethnic minorities are
disproportionately impacted by environmental pollution and are
disadvantaged in the environmental policy-making process. This
research has also demonstrated that grassroots mobilization is a
powerful means to achieve environmental justice and
sustainability. Yet, the existing social science literature on
Latinos/as and environmental justice remains limited, and is in
need of further analysis of the politics of environmental
inequality in large metropolitan areas. This paper extends current
research by examining environmental justice struggles in the
Latino/a-majority suburban communities of Vernon and
Pacoima, CA. Several research questions guide the paper: 1)
what types of environmental justice issues and advocacy exist in
Latina/o-majority suburbs?; 2) how do environmental justice
movement organizations frame the issues impacting Latina/omajority suburbs?; and 3) what strategies and tactics do these
organizations employ to influence urban and regional
environmental justice policies? The paper draws on qualitative
data collected over twelve months with two environmental
justice movement organizations to answer these questions. Based
on these data, this paper proposes that environmental justice
organizing in majority-Latina/o suburbs is informed by a politics
of community and/or place identification rather than a politics of
racial, class, or gender inequality, which has dominated the
framing of contemporary environmental justice activism. The
research findings reveal that “place” and/or “community”
identification may be an equally powerful, yet overlooked, force
leading to successful organizing among Latinas/os and other
populations experiencing environmental suffering.
Environmental Justice and the Metal Finishing Industry in Los
Angeles Ward Thomas, California State University,
Northridge
The Environmental Justice (EJ) movement emerged in the 1980s
in response to polluting industries located in low-income
minority communities throughout the United States. The Los
Angeles region is a major center for metal finishing
manufacturing, a major source of hexavalent chromium
emissions, a toxic chemical proven to cause cancer. For this
reason, the industry in the region has been regulated by the EPA
since 1988 and has been required to reduce hexavalent chromium
emissions overtime. Moreover, the EPA is required to follow EJ
practices, including ensuring that all communities have equal
protection from pollution and fair access to the decision-making
process. In this paper I investigate the following questions: Are
metal finishing firms in the Los Angeles region
disproportionately located in minority and low-income
communities (preliminary research suggests they are)? How has
the EPA regulated the industry since 1988 and have the
regulations been successful in reducing hexavalent chromium
emissions? Are local communities knowledgeable about the
problem? Little research has been conducted on the success or
failure of environmental policies implemented to reduce the
health risks to low-income and minority communities. This is
important because, at least in the short term, we can potentially
reduce environmental risks to these communities through
pollution prevention policies. I investigate the foregoing
questions through personal interviews with stakeholders, an
analysis of EPA administrative records, and an analysis of
information on chromium emissions from the metal finishing
industry contained in the EPA’s Toxics Release Inventory
Program.
Voluntary Simplicity Lifestyle and Environmentalism victor
zamora, new mexico state university
Current climatic and environmental trends have begun to drive a
mobilization of individuals that seek to move away from
consumerism and transition into a more socially and
environmentally responsible way if living. Research to date to
suggest that lives oriented around obtaining high levels of
consumption often result in time depravation, stress, mental
illness, loss of community and disconnection with the natural
environment. The term voluntary simplicity lifestyle was first
coined in the mid-thirties, however the actual starting point of
this lifestyle as it is popularly known goes back to the early
sixties and seventies when American and European counter
cultures had strong anti-consumerist and environmentalist views.
With the current global population growth we are faced with
natural resources being exploited and exhausted beyond their
capacity to replenish themselves, therefore it is of great
importance to consider ways to mitigate and reduce our current
consumption patterns. Recent studies conducted by
psychological, economic and social disciplines suggest that
individuals have started to shift towards a more sustainable,
environmental and socially responsible way of living in response
to the consumer culture. This study seeks to further explore the
possible sub political motives that participants of voluntary
simplicity lifestyle engage in.
Awakening Ecological Consciousness: Towards an
Ecopsychology for Young Children Genevieve Minter,
Working through the conceptual lens of ecopsychology, this
paper uses content analysis of current American and European
preschool environmental curricula, to understand if and how and
current pedagogical practices include aspects that address
students’ ecological unconsciousness. According to
ecopsychological approaches, ecological unconscious refers to
the essence of the mind that has been subjugated throughout
history by socio-cultural, economic, and political changes that
established a duality between humans and nature. Ecological
unconsciousness is the result of an amputated organic connection
to the natural world throughout the progress of civilization. This
amputation is a loss that many sense but do not well understand.
It manifests as suffering, aggravation, and confusion projected
through environmental exploitation. My research focuses on how
to understand and address ecological unconsciousness through
environmentally enriching therapeutic experiences that can help
to free the senses and promote a state of mind that transcends
industrial constraints. There is little research about how children,
who will be responsible to address our environmental problems,
are being taught in primary school setting in ways that
ecopsychologists ague can help overcome ecological
unconsciousness. My results suggest that very few of the
curricula that I analyze actually involve practices that promote
ecological consciousness. Instead most curricula use practices
which perpetuate ecological unconsciousness. I end by
describing how future research should seek to enrich early
environmental education by promoting ecological consciousness
through embodied, sensory, and physical encounters with the
natural world beyond mental and auditory understanding.
158. Talking Circle: Sankofa: Reflecting on the Past as a Way to
Make Positive Progress in Our Futures
10:15 to 11:45 am
Session Organizer:
at this time.
Presiders:
at this time.
159. Marxist Sociology / Critical Sociology
Marxist Sociology/Critical Sociology
10:15 to 11:45 am
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Participants:
Marxism and Critical Sociology in the 21st Century Berch
Berberoglu, University of Nevada, Reno
This paper provides an analysis of the nature of Marxism and
critical sociology in the twenty-first century, with special focus
on particular areas of scholarship based on the Marxist and other
critical traditions in sociology. As sociology takes on a more and
more interdisciplinary approach to the study of the economy,
polity, and society, and becomes global in its scope, research and
scholarship in this area of sociological studies becomes important
in addressing issues concerning political economy, income and
wealth inequality, class structure, class relations, and class
conflict, as well as race, gender, and global studies. Analyses of
these and related issues within sociology from a Marxist or
critical perspective becomes all the more important in this crisis
ridden age of globalization and globally based problems and
transformations that are yet to come as an extension of
transformations that are already taking place in these areas on a
global scale. This paper highlights the central problematic of our
time – the nature, contradictions, and transformation of the
capitalist system – that has impacted society and social relations
in a big way. The current state and future direction of society
under present conditions of capitalist globalization thus takes on
an added importance in terms of the immense impact that it is
having on society in the 21st century. The paper thus argues that,
given the importance of future developments in a variety of areas
that affect social life, the viability of the continuation of a system
that exploits and oppresses the vast majority of the world’s
population for private gain is sure to be called into question – at
least from the perspective of the great majority of the people who
are adversely being affected by its machinations. The paper
concludes by pointing to the tasks that are of central importance
in understanding and overcoming the forces that pose a threat to
the future of humanity and the things that need to be done to set
us on the path of achieving the kinds of results that will have a
positive impact on the construction of a new egalitarian society
free of exploitation and oppression as we currently experience
under the force of global capitalism.
21st Century Socialism in Ecuador Dana Rasch, Cal Poly, San
Luis Obispo
With the death of Hugo Chávez, Ecuadorian President Rafael
Correa has been ordained by many as the leader of the 21st
Century Socialist movement. The goal of Correa’s socialist
‘citizens’ revolution’ is to insure that all Ecuadorians can 'live
well' through unimpeded access to key institutions. Focusing on
the field of healthcare, I argue that despite substantial
achievements at the national level, the Correa-led revolution has
been unable to overcome the problem of “alienation” by
neglecting one of the most fundamental principles of 21st
Century Socialism: participatory democracy. In particular, the
rebuilding of the healthcare field has resulted in the construction
of a bureaucratic organizational structure that enforces health
policy from the “top-down” negating any opportunity for
meaningful participation on behalf of the citizenry. Needless to
say, the direction of the ‘citizens’ revolution’ in Ecuador must be
rethought and reinvented in order to fulfill with the principles of
21st Century Socialism.
Building and Re-discovering an Anarchist Sociology: Radicals,
Social Scientists, Paradigm Development, and Revolution
Dana Williams, California State University, Chico
Like many insurgent movement philosophies and traditions
before it (e.g., feminism, Marxism, queer theory), the
contemporary anarchist movement is beginning to make in-roads
into Sociology. While past anarchists (i.e., Kropotkin, Ward, and
Goldman) and sociologists (i.e., Spencer, Weber, Durkheim, and
Mills) have had not only intellectual familiarity with each other,
but also personal relationships, very little official scholarlysynergy has occurred. Active anarchist movements have had a
noticeable influence upon numerous other current movements
and insurrectionary episodes, and these experiences lend direct
insights to how Sociology can benefit from an anarchist analysis
of systems of domination, self-management, and horizontalist
mutual aid. This paper presents the essential outlines of the
recently published (with Jeff Shantz) Anarchy & Society
(Haymarket, 2014), a historiography on Nineteenth Century
connections between anarchists and sociologists, and preliminary
results from dozens of interviews conducted with sociologists
about their knowledge of anarchism.
The Left Hand of Capital: Cooptation, Corporatization, and the
Unmaking of Two US Social Movements Michael A. GouldWartofsky, New York University
In recent years, social scientists have furnished ample evidence
of the influence that corporate actors wield on U.S. social
movements. Yet such scholarship has tended to focus on the role
of capital in a narrow range of consumer, shareholder, or
“astroturf” activities. In this paper, I propose a new line of
inquiry into the causal influence of capital on the strategies,
trajectories, and outcomes of two movements typically associated
with labor and the Left: 1) the immigrant rights movement of
2006-13, and 2) the “99 Percent” movement of 2011-13. Why
did the forces aligned with each of these movements fail to
impose any constraints on capital accumulation, despite the
mobilization of a broad social base with the motivation and the
capacity to fight for them? I hypothesize that this failure is
causally connected with the internal limits imposed on their
range of action by the structural and associational power of
capital. To test my claims, I draw on evidence from the
Movement Resource Group, the Occupy Solidarity Network,
Inc., FWD.us, and the National Immigration Forum. In structural
terms, I find that the popular bases of both movements were
constrained by their dependence on capital, and by the
asymmetries of time, power, and resources that follow from it.
In instrumental terms, I find that movement strategies and
trajectories were also constrained by the active intervention of
business associations, pro-business foundations, and individual
employers: labor-intensive employers in the case of immigrant
rights, and capital-intensive investors in the case of the 99
Percent.
160. Racial Factors: Romance, Dating, Parents and Peers
Race/Ethnicity
10:15 to 11:45 am
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Yvonne Y Kwan, University of California, Santa Cruz
Participants:
"I'm just open-minded": Black Women on their Interracial
Romance Leilani M Pizano, California State University San
Marcos
The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the meaning
and experiences of interracial relationships for Black women.
Although there is ample research on the subject of interracial
unions, the perspectives of Black women engaged in these
relationships has been largely ignored. Drawing from in depth,
one-on-one interviews with Black women who are, or have been,
involved in interracial romantic unions, the participants’ views
on and experiences with interracial, heterosexual relationships
have been examined herein. The following themes emerged from
the women’s narratives and shared experiences: the adoption of
colorblind ideology; managing relationships by avoiding
intolerant others; the re-stigmatization of Black men; and selfrealization as Black women. For the participants in this study, the
freedom to choose non-Black men as romantic partners provided
them with a sense of empowerment; thus, finding their
experiences in interracial unions to be a learning process of
finding themselves.
Ethnic-Racial Socialization and Ethnic Identity Development:
Assessing Parental and Peer Influence Matthew Grindal,
Ethnic identity development is a vital source of resiliency for
people of color, having been linked in past work to a variety of
improved psychological and behavioral health outcomes.
Socialization messages stressing the importance of one’s ethnic
group membership (ethnic-racial socialization; ERS) have been
consistently shown in past work to promote a developed ethnic
identity. Most of this past research, however, has only examined
the influence of parental ethnic-racial socialization. The current
research extends on the literature by also assessing the role of
peer ethnic-racial socialization. Using a sample of Latino
(N=299) and Asian (N=200) college students, this study
developed two 13-item measures for parental and peer ethnicracial socialization and examined their relationships to ethnic
identity development. Factor analyses indicated the presence of
the same three dimensions for both bases of socialization:
cultural socialization, preparation for bias, and promotion of
mistrust. Further, only parental and peer cultural socialization
were associated with ethnic identity development. These results
held for both Latino and Asian respondents. The broader
implications of these findings are discussed.
Multiracials’ Integration into the U.S. Racial Hierarchy:
Evidence from Online Daters’ Racial Preferences Cynthia
Feliciano, University of California, Irvine; Jessica Kizer,
Immigration and increased intermarriage have led to a growing
multiracial population in the United States, whose place in a
changing U.S. racial structure is debated. This study examines
how self-identifying with more than one racial group relates to
racial dating choices – an outcome that has implications for
assimilation trajectories and reveals multiracial individuals’ own
agency in that process. Analyses of data from online dating
profiles reveal divergent patterns in stated racial preferences
among multiracials who identify as Black compared with those
who do not. Consistent with Whitening theory, non-Black
multiracials express racial preferences that are similar to Whites.
However, contrary to the one-drop rule’s predictions, we find
that Black exceptionalism among Black multiracials is largely
limited to those whom outsiders perceive as Black. Only
multiracial individuals who are perceived as Black by others,
regardless of their self-identity, appear to be assimilating into the
Black racial group.
¿Quién somos (Who are we)? Self-identification of mixed race
& multiethnic Latinos Briana Angela Jex, University of
Southern California
This study examines multiracial and multiethnic Latinos selfidentification and dating preferences. As a child of Belizean
immigrants my racial/ethnic “ambiguity” and dating preferences
challenged popular cultural models and were absent from the
scholarly literature. Thus, in this study I am interested in
multiethnic Latinos self-identification and dating preferences.
Twenty eight in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted
with mixed-race Latinos and multiethnic Latino college students.
Multiracial Latinos felt constrained in how they self-identified
due to their phenotype and fluency or lack of fluency in Spanish.
Multiethnic Latinos typically used Latino/Hispanic to selfidentify and identified with their specific Latino ethnic groups
based on the situation. I also found that majority of my
respondents, whether multiethnic or multiracial, were less likely
to date outside their racial or ethnic groups they identified with.
Keywords: Afro-Latinos; Asian/Latino, White/Latino; selfidentity; dating preferences.
161. Health and Health Care
Gender
10:15 to 11:45 am
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Participants:
Power and Authority in the Hospital: Comparing and
Contrasting Masculinity Performances of Female Physicians
and Male Nurses Stephanie Nicole Wilson, University of
Northern Colorado
The Purpose of this research is to understand the power dynamics
that take place in the hospital setting based on gender and
occupation. Understanding the power dynamics between staff
members may provide insight into the provide-patient
relationship. In general, the goal of this study is to investigate
how female physicians and male nurses display power and
authority as a characteristic of masculinity while at work. The
study will look to hospitals, as opposed to a health clinic or
family physician office, for two main reasons: 1) there is usually
a larger population of physicians and nurses at a hospital
providing a larger pool to recruit participants from and 2)
hospitals are unique as health care facilities with their capacity
for inpatients likely creating a sense of home for patients as well
as employees, and therefore facilitating an environment where
providers feel free to perform identities like masculinity (this
allegation will be explored further in the research process).
Three female physicians and three male nurses have been
recruited for interviews through hospital administration. If time
permits for more interviews, more will follow. If hospital
authority allows, participant observation during participants’
work hours will take place as well, allowing displays of
masculinity to come from action as well as word. Data collection
will be finalized by February 1, 2015.
The Angelina Effect Maria Betania Santos, CSULA
Statement of the Problem In May of 2013, Angelina Jolie
announce to the world that she had undergone a radical
prophylactic procedure called a bilateral mastectomy after being
genetically tested and diagnosed positive for the genetic mutation
BRCA 1, or more commonly known as the cancer gene. This
genetic mutation causes women to be predisposed in getting
breast cancer and ovarian cancer especially at an early age. Jolie
decided to undergo the radical decision that is becoming very
popular, to have a prophylactic or preventative bilateral
mastectomy; the full removal of both breast. Although other
women in the spotlight throughout the years have come out in
public after undergoing the same procedure (i.e Christina
Applegate, Juliana Rancic), when Angelina announced it, it
became the headline for many media outlets. Many argue that
this type of acknowledgment was positive in raising awareness to
all women about brca mutations and possible options in
preventing disease, while on the other hand the way in which
media outlets have covered details in Jolie’s decision are said to
be just focused on “image” and solely around her beauty.
Although this procedure might seem radical and extreme, it is
becoming more and more popular in the struggle to prevent
cancer, and there is a growing number of young women that are
having to making this difficult choice. With the advent of genetic
counseling 15 years ago, many women are finding out they have
BRCA gene and must choose whether to have a prophylactic
mastectomy. Other women are making this choice after they’ve
found out that they have an aggressive form of breast cancer. If
so many women are beginning to pursue this procedure then one
must ask how does the media, in this particular case in regards to
Angelina Jolie, effect those individuals decisions on health.
The Intersex Kids Are Alright? Georgiann Davis, University of
Nevada, Las Vegas
The voices of children with intersex traits are highlighted in this
study. When babies are born, we immediately categorize them as
“boy” or “girl” based on any number of arbitrary sex markers.
However, this categorization process is flawed in the sense that it
assumes sex and gender are binary characteristics correlated with
one another. The problems with this categorization is most
visible in those born with intersex traits which surface as
“ambiguous” external genitalia, sexual organs and/or as sex
chromosomes that deviate from normative expectations. The
intersex “abnormality” is usually discovered at birth, or when
one is still a minor child. The medical response, for decades now,
has been to impose hormonal and/or surgical interventions in
order to shoehorn the intersex body into the sex binary. Although
we know that medical intervention has left many adults with
intersex traits feeling mutilated and angry about how they were
treated as babies and young children who had little or no voice in
consenting (or not) to the medical interventions that were
enforced on their bodies, there has been absolutely no systematic
social science research that assesses how children, themselves,
conceptualize and experience their medical “abnormalities.”
Children, quite simply, are missing from the discussion of
intersexuality, when they are the ones—more often than not—
subjected to medical treatments. In this presentation, I hope to
begin to fill this gap. More specifically, I describe how children
with intersex traits experience their condition, understand their
diagnosis, and describe their relationships with doctors and
parents.
The Role of Gender in Understanding How Cancer Shapes the
Self and Identity of Cancer Patients Laura Elizabeth Rogers,
University of California, San Diego
Nearly half of the U.S. population will be diagnosed with some
form of cancer in their lifetime and every year more than 1.5
million Americans are diagnosed (ACS 2012). The word ‘cancer’
carries significant cultural weight and often induces fear of death,
intense treatment, and loss of control. Control over one’s own
body is fundamental to maintaining one’s self-identity (Shilling
1993) and losing that control during cancer treatment can alter an
individual’s sense of self. There is a perception that undergoing
cancer treatment creates a loss of a sense of self or identity and
while this has been investigated, particularly for breast cancer
patients’ and their self-image (Ferguson 2000; Klawiter 2004;
Rasmussen, Hansen, and Elverdam 2010; Rosenbaum and Roos
2000; Lorde 1980), there has been little research on how both
women and men experience and understand their experience
undergoing cancer treatment. Through analysis of 60 interviews
with breast cancer, prostate cancer, testicular cancer, and
gynecological cancer patients and survivors, I find that men and
women talk about their cancer experience and their sense of self
in divergent ways. More surprisingly, women are less likely to
talk about a loss of self but actually discuss finding themselves,
gaining strength, and being empowered. Cancer, for men,
challenges their power and men often discuss feeling out of
control.
162. Activist Discourse and Cultural Expression in Organized
Social Movements
10:15 to 11:45 am
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Participants:
Becoming an expert through protest: How an environmental
coalition mobilizes information and expertise Todd Nicholas
Fuist, Western Washington University; Amy Stavig, Western
Washington University
One of the key tasks of social movements is the dissemination
and mobilization of information. Scholars of social movements
have typically understood information promotion in social
movements using the concepts of framing and narratives, but we
suggest that there are additional ways to think about how
information in social movements is disseminated. In particular,
we argue that social movements can act as information brokers
attempting to shape discourses on topics both by (a) developing
their own credibility as authorities on the particular issues they
work on, (b) educating participants towards the end of generating
expertise, and (c) building channels to spread that information as
widely as possible. To make our case, we draw on interviews and
ethnographic work with an environmentalist coalition to support
these claims, including autoethnographic analysis on our
experiences in being educated on the topics the movement we are
studying addresses. Through this work, we contribute to our
knowledge of how expertise and information are organized and
mobilized in contemporary political fields by movement actors.
Does Emotion Matter? An Examination of Affect in Queer
Social Protest Eric Alexander Baldwin, University of
California, Irvine
This project comes together at the intersection of interests in
queer social movements, their internal relations, modes of
narration within those movements, and the role of emotion in
social protest. More specifically, this research is informed by an
interest in how social movement actors mobilize people and
social, legal, and political institutions to rectify perceived
injustices and the ways in which existing institutional
arrangements structure the paths of social movements. To that
end, this project is the product of an archival research project of
the Gay Community News. This periodical, published bimonthly
from 1973 to 1992, served as a paper of record for the gay
liberation movement in the United States and reported on a
variety of issues including AIDS, civil rights, feminism, and
other like-minded movements. The paper was national, and in its
later years of publication, international in scope and reported on
social, political, economic, judicial, and cultural issues relevant
to the queer community of the era. This research asks the
question: Does emotion matter in social movements? I aim to
explain the role of emotion in social protest and its effect on
claim making. While much work has been done that confirms the
existence of emotion in social protest and its strategic
deployment in social movements, little work has been done on
what role emotion plays in the formation of claims. I will argue
that emotion is not a relevant factor in movement claim making.
Everything but the Funnel Cake: Cultural Expressions and the
University of Puerto Rico Student Occupation Katherine
Everhart, Northern Arizona University
In the summer of 2010, students of the University of Puerto Rico
(UPR) occupied 11 campuses of the island-wide system for 62
days in protest of austerity measures by newly elected Governor
Luis Fortuño. Over time, the occupation became known as “The
Creative Strike,” distinguishing it from past political protest,
based on the overwhelming presence of cultural expression. My
analysis illuminates the elevated role of cultural expressions as a
means to manage movement pluralism and infighting, showing
how aesthetics are deployed to both unify and differentiate
movement participants. Drawing upon two years of ethnographic
data, including both on-site and virtual observations, 31 in-depth
interviews, and movement documentation, I argue that 21st
century methods of communication, including new media, paved
the way for an emerging set of tactics in response to increasing
austerity measures and social inequality. The protest at the UPR
resembles past actions like the Battle of Seattle in 1999 and
anticipated coming actions, such as the Occupy movement.
Therefore, the dissertation reveals both longstanding protest
challenges and modern configurations in culture, politics, and
civic engagement, and in this way, it is situated at the nexus of
two sociological sub-fields: culture and social movements.
Feminist analysis of the popular media discourse surrounding
voluntary childlessness Danielle Duckett, California State
University - Stanislaus; Meggan Jordan, California State
University - Stanislaus
Over the past three decades, fertility rates in advanced
industrialized countries have reached levels at or below
replacement. Academics, women’s groups, and the popular press
are currently debating the causes and consequences of this
uncertain demographic landscape. One of the more popular
explanations for declining fertility is the confluence of job
insecurity, welfare regimes, and persistent gender inequalities in
the family. Such empirical explanations for growing
childlessness in a given population, while important, correspond
with popular “doomsday” discourses about declining fertility.
Thus, a modest drop in a prosaic statistic—the fertility rate—
results in rebellious statements like “baby boycott,” a “radical
rejection of motherhood,” or “birth strike.” Dismissing these
statements as reactionary and overzealous is a common
response—but the discourse of declining fertility may be an
important object of study in its own right. As Gal and Klingman
(2000) argue, when transformations in women’s reproductive
choices enters the public sphere, it activates a “political
discourse” that “symbolically delegitimizes the old social order”
while helping to “imagine and interpret the new.” Consequently,
we could ask: how does everyday discourse about fertility and
activist organizing around motherhood challenge existing modes
of thought about the relationship between women’s bodies and
the state? Thus, the purpose of this presentation is to launch an
examination of the contemporary discourse about declining
fertility. How the popular press frames childlessness as a mass
protest will be explored.
163. What do Living Wage Movements Mean for Working
Women?
Panel discussion
10:15 to 11:45 am
Women represent nearly two-thirds of minimum wage workers. Working
full-time and year-round at the federal minimum wage of $7.25 an hour
leaves a woman with two children thousands of dollars below the poverty
line. Following decades of stagnating wages, communities began
organizing Living Wage campaigns to increase wages and benefits, hold
companies accountable who profit from taxpayer dollars, and change the
narrative about community development. This panel examines the
implications of the Long Beach Living Wage Movement for working
women and their families in Long Beach.
Session Organizers:
Amanda Admire, University of California, Riverside
Presider:
Discussant:
Panelists:
Nikole Cababa, Filipino Migrant Center
Lorena Lopez, UniteHere Local 11
Kokayi Kwa Jitahidi, Los Angeles Alliance for a New
Economy
164. Presidential Address and Awards Ceremony
Event
12:00 to 1:30 pm
Session Organizer:
165. Housing and Inequality
1:45 to 3:15 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Mark Bird, College of Southern Nevada
Participants:
Demonstrating Inequality Via Tables Mark Bird, College of
Southern Nevada
650 Laws in Sociology By Mark Bird 650 Laws in Sociology is a
concise book organized into 62 chapters that follow the content
sequence of most introductory sociology textbooks. Each
chapter is about four pages. The book includes 39 tables and a
glossary. None of the 650 laws are laws in the legal sense.
Instead, all these laws can be viewed as factors, patterns or
principles that clarify a given social science topic. Per 1,000
words, this book may have more science content than any other
intro text. This reader-friendly book contains a forceful sketch of
dozens of traditional sociological topics. Non-traditional topics
include “laws” relative to topics on worker conditions in the 19th
century, nuclear war, parenting, early Christianity, college
benefits, environmental tipping points, and the future of the U.S.
Measuring Housing Adequacy in the Arctic Nelta Edwards,
University of Alaska Anchorage
How should social scientists measure housing adequacy in the
Arctic? Critics of the mostly commonly used measure, persons
per room (PPR), point out that the measure may have the effect
of coercing Arctic indigenous people to comply with the
dominant culture’s understanding about how many people should
live in a house and how that house should be used. However,
houses built in the Arctic, from the 1950s onward, have seldom
met the needs of Arctic dwellers. They have worn out faster than
they might have under intended uses, and are now often in need
of substantial repair. Houses in poor condition can be used
against indigenous people, as evidence of their ineptitude when,
in fact, the houses were never built with their way of living in
mind.
166. Navigating Family
1:45 to 3:15 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Participants:
Doing Housework, Doing Gender: Queer Couples Negotiate the
Household Division of Labor Maura Kelly, Portland State
University; Elizabeth Hauck, Portland State University
Drawing on interviews with 30 queer participants who are
currently cohabitating with a partner, we examine the negotiation
of the household division of labor. We expand the scope of
previous research to assess housework practices among both
sexual and gender minorities. We suggest the division of
domestic labor in these queer couples represents a practice of
redoing gender through challenging normative gender roles and
creating alternatives for how gender shapes social life.
Specifically, a heteronormative division of household labor based
on sex category is replaced by one that is shaped by time
availability and personal preferences as well as broader social
context, such as labor force participation and citizenship.
Examining Conflict in Intergenerational Relationships of Gay,
Lesbian, and Bisexual Adult Children Adriana Avila,
Few studies have examined the intergenerational family
relationships of lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults. Lesbian, gay,
and bisexual adults make up a marginalized group of individuals
whose sexual orientation disrupts expectations of a
heteronormative society. The literature on family relationships
suggests that adult children who do not make normative life
transitions to employment, marriage, and child bearing are more
likely to encounter conflict with their older parents. The purpose
of this paper is to examine whether sexual orientation also
influences the levels of conflict adult children experience with
their older parents. Data from lesbian, gay, and bisexual adult
children (N =40) and their parents (N =80) who participated in
1991-2005 waves of the Longitudinal Study of Generations are
compared with a matched sample of heterosexual adult children
(N =40) and their parents (N =80) on levels of conflict and
conflict tactic use. Preliminary analyses indicate that lesbian,
gay, and bisexual adult children have a greater degree of conflict
with at least one parent when compared to heterosexual adult
children. This study contributes to the literature on adult childparent relationships in three ways: (1) it shows that normative
expectations about sexual orientation lead to family conflict as
does failure in other life transitions, (2) it examines an
understudied sexual minority group, and (3) it includes reciprocal
reports from both adult children and their older parents. The
results are discussed in terms of the implications for the Life
Course Theoretical Perspective.
Gender Norms, Social Attitudes, and Health Behaviors:
Understanding Young Adult Women Smokers in South
Korea. Juhee Woo, University of Colorado, Boulder
Based on the semi-structured in-depth interviews with 22 young
adult women smokers in South Korea, I explore how gender
norms and social attitudes in Korean society affect these
women’s smoking behaviors (smoking places and plans to quit).
For example, most women smokers avoided smoking in public
due to the negative social attitudes toward women smokers in
Korean society. Also,they planned on quitting smoking before
they get married and pregnant. For these women, cigarette
smoking was a stress reliever, habit, and leisure time, yet at the
same time, something they have to evade in order to achieve
responsible motherhood. In brief, this paper discusses the
negotiation between gender norms, social attitudes, and smoking
behaviors of the young adult women smokers in South Korea.
167. Developing a Culture of Engagement for Undergraduate
Sociology Students
Teaching Sociology
Panel discussion
1:45 to 3:15 pm
Session Organizer:
Michelle Inderbitzin, Oregon State University
Presider:
Lori Cramer, Oregon State University
Participant:
Developing a Culture of Engagement for Undergraduate
Sociology Students Michelle Inderbitzin, Oregon State
University; Lori Cramer, Oregon State University; Kathleen
Stanley, Oregon State University; Dwaine Edward Plaza,
Oregon State University; Breandan Jennings, Oregon State
University
The most effective teaching faculty lead by example, sharing
their enthusiasm for community engagement with students and
colleagues. A critical mass of engaged faculty can lead to a
vibrant and engaged department that combines a deep and vital
learning experience for students with an environment of caring
for and working with community partners. In this panel
presentation, faculty members from the Department of Sociology
at Oregon State University will share their experiences
incorporating experiential learning and community engagement including service-learning, hybrid courses, undergraduate
research, international courses,flipped classrooms, and
developmental advising - into the undergraduate curriculum.
Panelists:
Kathleen Stanley, Oregon State University
Dwaine Edward Plaza, Oregon State University
Breandan Jennings, Oregon State University
168. Access to the City, Social Justice and Sustainability
1:45 to 3:15 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Roger Guy, UNC - Pembroke
Participants:
Chuck Geary: Appalachian, Community Organizer, Forgotten
Warrior for the Poor Roger Guy, UNC - Pembroke
Chuck Geary was the head of a coalition of organizations known
as the Uptown Area People’s Planning Coalition (UAPPC) in the
1960s that opposed a project to build a community college in the
area known as Uptown in Chicago. The opposition involved
gathering together architects, planners, and community members
to propose an alternative plan to resist displacement of thousands
of residents threatened by the construction of the community
college. Geary was also involved in the founding of the Original
Rainbow Coalition with members with members of the Young
Patriots Organization before the more well- known organization
of the same name associated with Jesse Jackson. This paper
examines surviving photographs, film footage, first person
accounts, and newspapers to document of Geary’s work in
Uptown to paint a picture of a little-known, but important figure
in community organizing in Chicago.
Plans or Pavement or for People?: Social Sustainability and
Urban Cycling Infrastructure Amy Lubitow, Portland State
University; Bryan Zinschlag, Portland State University; Nate
Rocehster, Portland State University
In the context of economic and environmental concerns in urban
areas, bicycling has become an increasingly popular form of
urban transportation in the United States. Sustainability
advocates promote bike infrastructure development as an urgent
priority and beneficial for all citizens, and express this urgency in
order to justify ‘fast tracking’ projects, sometimes to the
exclusion of sufficient community engagement. In certain
communities this fast tracking, no matter how it is justified, may
be met with suspicion and resistance. This study considers one
such case from 2003, in which the Chicago Department of
Transportation proposed bikeway development in Chicago’s
predominantly Puerto Rican neighborhood of Humboldt Park,
along a stretch of Division Street known as Paseo Boricua
(‘Puerto Rican Promenade’) – the business district and cultural
center of the United States’ second largest Puerto Rican
community. Utilizing data from semi-structured qualitative
interviews of community members and city officials, this paper
demonstrates how different stakeholders in the Humboldt Park
neighborhood perceived bike lane infrastructure development,
how decision-making processes have sometimes marginalized
community residents who are not active bicyclists, and how
community residents might be integrated into the process of
bicycle planning initiatives. We conclude by arguing that the
broader construction of bicycling as a universal good, and a topdown approach to decision-making in Chicago, created obstacles
to more racially and ethnically diverse bike ridership. These
questions fill an important conceptual gap in the literature on
urban sustainability by clarifying the conditions that may prevent
community buy-in related to sustainable infrastructures.
Rights to the City and Spatial Justice: The Search for Social
Justice Post-1970 Long Beach Lauren Madden, California
State University Long Beach
A historical narrative of Long Beach in the rights to the city and
spatial justice literature has remained untold within the broader
California narrative. This analysis looks at the case of Long
Beach and focuses on two critical junctures in its development.
The concept of rights to the city centers on social justice for
anyone dispossessed by the conditions of urban life which can be
achieved by creating space for increased democratic participation
and inclusivity over the production of the city for all social
groups. Related to rights to the city, spatial justice theory posits
that the current system of urban restructuring and development
reproduce injustices through factors such as uneven
development, disinvestment, and marginalization. Rights to the
city and spatial justice both underscore challenging existing
power relations that drive the production of urban space. While
the focus of this research is limited to Long Beach, the
implications are much broader; the concepts of rights to the city
and spatial justice are about understanding and transforming
global processes by starting at the local level. The findings
generated from the analysis of two prominent Long Beach social
movement organizations, The Long Beach Area Citizens
Involved and The Long Beach Coalition for Good Jobs and a
Healthy Community, suggest that community members have
successfully challenged the processes underlying the
development of Long Beach in the pursuit of social justice.
169. Responding to the Right Wing attack on Higher Education:
The Case for Engaged Scholarship
Panel discussion
1:45 to 3:15 pm
Session Organizers:
Fred Block, UC Davis
Tom Medvetz, University of California, San Diego
Discussants:
Mridula Udayagiri, CSU Sacramento
170. An egagement with Heather Talley's "Saving Face"
Ethnography
1:45 to 3:15 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Discussants:
Katie Ann Hasson, University of Southern California
Heather Talley, Independent Scholar
Dan Morrison, Pepperdine University
Kjersten Gruys, Stanford University
171. Environment and Culture: Cultivating Nature and
Meanings
1:45 to 3:15 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Tyler S Schafer, University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Participants:
Contracted Masculinity: Gender, Poultry, and the Rise of
Industrial Agriculture Elizabeth C Miller, University of
Oregon
Industrial agriculture is considered a serious social problem for a
myriad of reasons, yet there has been little scholarship on why
farmers engage in this type of agricultural practice.Without
farmers we wouldn’t have food, yet we know little about their
experiences in the industrial food system. Thus, this project will
fill this gap by studying the labor process in one particular
industrial food sector: poultry farming. Poultry was the first
livestock agricultural sector to undergo the transformation from
subsistence, family production logic to industrial production
logic and it has served as a model for the industrialization of
other meat sectors. Because of this long and extended history of
industrialization in poultry farming, it is an ideal case study of
these long-term transformations. This project will fill this gap in
the industrialization of agriculture literature, focusing in
particular on the role of gender in poultry farming. Gender is a
key, albeit ignored, component of the organization of poultry
farming both historically and contemporarily. In the farm
household at the turn of the twentieth century women were
largely in control of chicken flocks, but by the end of WWII
poultry farming was largely done by men. Today, 79% of all
poultry farm operators are men, well above the 69.8% of men
overall operating farms in the US today, according to the USDA.
In addition to this gendered history, farming is generally is
associated with masculinity and men. Thus, in order to
understand why farmers practice industrial agriculture, we must
understand the gendered components of this contested production
system.
Structures and Meanings in Subsistence Food Production
Ashley Lynn Colby, Washington State University
The proposed research seeks to understand the structural
influences as well as the emergent meanings associated with the
act of subsistence food production (SFP). Although we know that
certain aspects of SFP, such as food gardening, are on the rise in
recent years, we do not know why. This study intends to use
semi-structured interviews as well as participant observation in
three field sites – urban, rural, and suburban – in the Chicagoland
area. Within each field site, I expect to speak with respondents
that represent a variety of class or socioeconomic statuses. My
hope is to answer the research questions: what structural forces
(e.g. economic, life course) influenced the decision to partake in
SFP, how do the meanings associated with SFP compare by
specific cultural context, and what are the environmental impacts
of participation in SFP?
Nature Spectacles: Horticulture Performances in Las Vegas
Casinos Nicholas Baxter, University of Nevada, Las Vegas
The Las Vegas Strip is a highly commodified space defined by
the entertainment, simulacra, and pastiche characteristics that are
the epitome of Guy Debord’s concept of “cultural spectacle.” In
this paper, I analyze the garden spaces on the Las Vegas Strip to
understand the ways in which they create cultural spectacles of
nature. I utilize auto-ethnographic, participant observation, and
in-depth interviewing to experience and understand the gardens
as cultural objects and physical spaces. I make three arguments
based on these observations. First, I claim the gardens are
“horticulture performances” representative of a type of cultural
spectacle. The aim of these performances is to distract, entertain,
and create imagined landscapes for visitors to lose themselves in.
Second, I argue that the casino gardens are physical spaces which
require significant amounts of time, revenue, and resources to
produce and maintain. Finally, I argue that these nature
performances frame the Las Vegas environment as a tropical
paradise while simultaneously cloaking the environmental reality
that Las Vegas is pushing the limits of sustainability.
172. Special Issue of The American Sociologist, Part 1: Serving
Collective Needs in a Shifting Context
Panel discussion
1:45 to 3:15 pm
Session Organizers:
Presider:
Valerie Jenness, University of California, Irvine
Participants:
A Brief History of the Pacific Sociological Association Dean S.
Dorn, CSU Sacramento
The Ecology of Decline and Revitalization in PSA Jonathan
Turner, UC-Riverside
The Quality of Recent Pacific Sociological Association
Meetings: Location, Session Quality, and Institutional
Change Enrico Marcelli, SDSU; Charles F. Hohm, San
Diego State University; Jane Kil, UCLA Center for Health
Policy Research; Genesis Reyes, San Diego State University
Homesteading in the Wild West: An Appreciation of the Pacific
Sociological Association Harry J. Mersmann, San Joaquin
Delta College
Between Scylla and Charybdis: Designing, Implementing, and
Assessing Innovations in the Annual PSA Meetings Dennis
J. Downey, California State University, Channel Islands;
Research-in-Progress Sessions Create a More Inclusive and
Engaging Regional Conference Matthew Carlson, Portland
State University; Tina Burdsall, Portland State University
The Regional Journal in Sociology: Recent Trends and
Observations Jessica Schultz, University of Oregon; James
Elliott, Rice University; Robert M O'Brien, University of
Oregon
Some Thoughts on Sociology Journal Publishing in the 21st
Century David A. Smith, Dr.
Challenges in Governance for the PSA as a Regional
Sociological Association Kathy J Kuipers, University of
Montana; Laura Obernesser, University of Montana
173. Re-Visioning People, Place, and Power: Building a Social
Justice Movement in Long Beach, California
Panel discussion
1:45 to 3:15 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Discussant:
Chris Tilly, UCLA
Panelists:
Roxana Tynan, Los Angeles Alliance for a New Economy
Tom Walsh, UniteHere11
Jeannine Pearce, Long Beach Coalition for Good Jobs and a
Health Community
174. Author Meets Critic: James Joseph Dean, "Straights:
Heterosexuality in Post-Closeted Culture" (NYU Press, 2014)
1:45 to 3:15 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Ramon S. Torrecilha, CSU Dominguez Hills
Discussants:
Ramon S. Torrecilha, CSU Dominguez Hills
James Joseph Dean, Sonoma State University
Anthony Ocampo, California State Polytechnic University
Pomona
Jane Ward, University of California, Riverside
175. Subverting Gendered Micro-aggressions: Tactics from the
Trenches
Panel discussion
1:45 to 3:15 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Panelists:
Marcos
Toni Griego-Jones, University of Arizona
Erika DeJonghe, California State Polytechnic University,
Pomona
Jodi O'Brien, seattle university
176. Health, Economic Status, and Social Status in Studies of the
Lifecourse
Life Course and Aging
1:45 to 3:15 pm
Session Organizer:
Anna Muraco, Loyola Marymount University
Participants:
Do Close Intergenerational Relations in Mid-Life Reduce
Parents’ Morbidity Fifteen Years Later? Erik Blanco,
Research has shown that social support has a positive influence
on health and even recovery from surgery. However, most
research has not been able to examine the relationship between
social support and health with long-term longitudinal data. The
purpose of this study is to examine the extent to which
affectional solidarity between adult children and middle-age
parents has a protective effect on older parents’ morbidity 15
years later. Data from 350 middle aged adults who had adult
children and who had participated in the 1985 and 2000 waves of
the Longitudinal Study of Generations were used to examine the
influence of emotional close intergenerational relationships on
parents’ health. Preliminary results suggest that those middleage adults who reported high levels of affectual solidarity with
their adult children suffered from a smaller number of chronic
health conditions two decades later. The results are discussed in
terms of the buffering effect of close family ties on the health
outcomes of older adults.
The Fluidity of Health: Changes in Functional Abilities among
Older Japanese Anna Penner, UC Irvine
We utilize the Nihon University Japanese Longitudinal Study of
Aging data to examine the change in functional ability of
Japanese 65 years or older over the span of 10 years. We use
three scales (activities of daily living, instrumental activities of
daily living, and activities necessary to operate outside the home)
to investigate if some functions decline earlier or more quickly
than others. While health among older adults is often thought to
steadily decline, we find that there various rates of deterioration.
We also find that functional improvement may occur
simultaneously with functional deterioration, so that an
individual who has one function diminish may see improvement
in another function. The number of other functioning difficulties
is the only consistent indicator besides age of the likelihood of a
function improving or declining over time, though some
functions are affected by other covariates such as gender or the
presence of chronic illnesses.
How Life Course Affect The Timing of Receiving Social
Security Income Fang-Yi Huang, University of Florida
According to theory of the welfare state, economic resource
redistribution fosters equality and social stability. However, in
the U.S., some studies revealed that retired women reported
fewer total retirement resources than retired men. More
importantly, people have cumulative disadvantages during life
course. That will make the situation worse. My research’s
question is to know how life course affect the timing of receiving
social security income (SSI), and whether people elect or not
including the social determinants of individual level such as
gender, race, age, and SES, and the factors of family level such
as family income, housing quality, and poverty threshold.
Besides, this study also inspects how marital status and health
condition affect people on the decision of whether to elect or not
in past decade in U.S.A. To sum up, this study contributes to
apprehend comprehensive social demographic factors of the
timing of receiving social security income and the determinants
of whether people elect or not. This study is an ethical,
sociological, socioeconomic and political imperative to critically
examine models of the electing timing of social security systems
and search the possibilities of a better policy of social security
income in USA. This project may not only benefit US social
security policy but also advance the elderly retirement decision
by bringing in the latest data of HRS, which may also have
policy implications for U.S. retirement study regime.
Social Construction of Elder's Status In Rural and Urban Areas
of District Faisalabad Basharat Ali, University of Agriculture
Faisalabad Punjab Pakistan
Abstract Elder status is in transitional phase with the changing
society’s norms and values. In modern society status of elders are
frequently changing, while in traditional societies elder status is
still adhered with the convention and experience less alteration.
The current study will provide information regarding the
relationship of elderly people to the other members of the
society, risk factors, rights of elder people, and finally suggest
some desirable interventions that will be implemented in order to
control their abuse. Quantitative research design will be used for
the study. Data will be collected from urban and rural areas of
Faisalabad. Multistage sampling technique will be used for
selection of 200 respondents. Instrument of data collection will
be questionaire.
177. Neoliberalism and Labor Solidarity
Labor and Labor Movements
1:45 to 3:15 pm
Session Organizer:
Participants:
The Centrality of the Labor Movement in the Struggle Against
Global Capitalism in the 21st Century Berch Berberoglu,
University of Nevada, Reno
This paper provides an analysis of the structure and dynamics of
neoliberal capitalist globalization and the centrality of the labor
movement in the struggle against global capitalism in the twentyfirst century. Providing an analysis of the rise and evolution of
neoliberal capitalism across the globe, the paper focuses on the
forces of change that are embedded in the global capitalist system
stemming from the inherent contradictions that engender such
transformation on a global scale. The paper highlights the
exploitation of labor and the central position that labor occupies
in the capital accumulation process – a process that generates
stresses and strains in the form of class contradictions leading to
class struggles that are based on the confrontation between labor
and capital. The paper argues that as the class contradictions of
this confrontation become visible and lead to heightened class
consciousness that takes on an organizational character, the
increasingly radical leadership of organized labor begins to take
stock of labor’s ability to lead the struggle on multiple fronts,
confronting capital head on and scoring victories across the globe
that have immense political implications. The paper argues that
in the absence of viable political parties of labor and of the
oppressed masses in general, the labor movement is poised to fill
the void and take on capital in the final struggle for state power.
That this is bound to happen in this twenty-first century is an idea
whose time has come and is long overdue and is highly likely
now that the labor movement has come to realize this and is
about to take appropriate action to advance its interests. It is for
this reason that labor is bound to play a central role in the
transformation of global capitalism in the twenty-first century.
Union Attitudes in the Mormon Cultural Area Paul Jacobs,
Utah State University; Christy Glass, Utah State University
Union membership has declined substantially over the past
several decades. Right-to-work states such as Utah and Idaho
have lower than average union density rates. Despite the decline
in unionization, research by Freeman and Rogers (1999)
indicates that there is a consistent gap between union
membership and the desire among workers to join a union. Key
predictors explaining union support come from two predominant
schools of theory. The first theoretical camp focuses on union
instrumentality where unions are seen as best capable of
addressing injustices and unfair labor practices in the workplace.
The second theoretical school centers on union support
determined by the degree to which union leaders care about their
members and are seen as sufficiently independent from political
or employer influence. In addition, political and cultural factors
have also posited to structure worker views toward organized
labor. This study relies on survey data of electrical workers in the
highly Mormon cultural area of northern Utah and southern
Idaho. First, we inspect whether or not the gap between
unionization and the desire to join a union persists in this unique
cultural area. Questions are structured to test the effect of union
instrumentality versus union support on attitudes toward unions
while controlling for religion and political orientation. Results
indicate that the gap between union membership and the desire to
join a union persists in the highly Mormon, highly Republican
cultural area and that issues related to union support such as
exposure to unions and worker views toward the priorities of
union leaders are most predictive of electrical worker attitudes
toward labor unions.
Unusual Labor Solidarities: A Case Study of California Faculty
Association, Long Beach Chapter, 2009-2012 Teresa
Zimmerman-Liu, University of California, San Diego
The Long Beach Chapter of the California Faculty Association is
an anomaly in our anti-union era with a membership rate of 60%
of all faculty members. It is also unusual in that tenured faculty
activists work closely with lecturer activists without any sense of
division due to rank. Moreover, the union is highly respected on
campus. This study seeks to understand how the CFA LB chapter
achieved its current unusual success. It finds that a major change
occurred in January 2009 when the new chapter president began
fully implementing the statewide union’s strategies of social
movement unionism. The most critical factor was the decision to
frame all union actions in terms of social justice for students and
the community. This frame helped foster solidarity among
faculty of different ranks and disciplines. It further enhanced the
chapter’s ability to build coalitions with student and community
organizations. Another important factor in the chapter’s success
was its ability to open channels of communication and to get its
message out to faculty, students, and even administrators.
Chapter officers became an important voice for the needs of
faculty and students in the campus considerations for dealing
with the budget-cut crises. Union communications with clear data
about the issues further mobilized faculty members and students
to participate in actions related to labor contract negotiations,
political activism, and social justice in the community. Success
bred success as each successful action contributed to the
chapter’s excellent reputation, enhanced solidarity among
activists, and attracted more people to join.
178. Intersectionalities in Social Movement Activism
1:45 to 3:15 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Maricela DeMirjyn, Colorado State University
Participants:
Printmaking Politics: Intersections of Immigrant and Queer
Rights Movements Maricela DeMirjyn, Colorado State
University
This essay examines printmaking politics exhibited by digital and
poster artworks advocating for immigrant and queer rights
movements. Overlapping social justice themes are investigated,
as well as areas of exclusion within the collaborative efforts by
immigrant and queer activists, such as representations supporting
transgender immigrant rights. In addition, the ways in which
creativity has become a generative force in pursuing the
reinvention of justice through poster design is analyzed.
The Emerging Ecosexual Movement: A Case Study of
Intersectional Activism Jennifer Jean Reed, University of
Nevada, Las Vegas
In 2011, TIME magazine named “The Protester” as Person of the
Year in tribute to the wave of global protest movements which
rose up that year. Most of these – in particular Occupy and the
Arab uprisings – have been intersectional; that is, a combination
of seemingly disparate networks and movements working
together toward the same social justice goals. My research seeks
a fuller understanding of the role of intersectionality in social
movements by examining one of these emerging intersectional
social movements as a case study, the ecosexual movement. The
ecosexual movement is an emerging grassroots, transnational
movement that blends sustainability, environmental and climate
justice with gender, sexual and reproductive rights activism. My
broad research questions are: What does intersectionality look
like in the realm of protest, activism, and politics? More
specifically, what role does intersectionality play in the ecosexual
movement? I gained access four years ago to what appears to
be the central organizing force in the development of this
movement, the performance art events of Annie Sprinkle and
Beth Stephens. Sprinkle, a feminist former porn star and artist,
and her partner, Stephens, a college art professor and
environmental justice activist, began staging interactive
performance art weddings in 2005 in San Francisco, California in
response to the anti-gay marriage movement and being prevented
from marrying as a same-sex couple. In 2008, they extended
these weddings to include the Earth – inviting people to join
them in their vow to love, honor and cherish the Earth until death
brings us closer together forever.
The Role Of Iranian Women In The Green Social Movement Of
2009: A Qualitative Content Analysis Of YouTube Videos
Elahe Nezhadhossein, Sociology PhD Student at Memorial
University of New foundland
The Iranian Green Social Movement, sprung up protesting the
results of the election giving Ahmadinejad a second presidency
term in June 2009. With Ahmadinejad reelection, the government
cracked down on ordinary citizens, they began to document the
Iranian Green Social Movement of 2009 by posting the images
and videos that they took with their cellphones and uploading on
websites like YouTube and Facebook. In this case study of the
Iranian Green Social Movement of 2009, I considered and
analyzed this movement as New Social Movements (NSM) and
drew on theories of social movements and critical feminism to
understand how Iranian women were active in the protests of the
Green Social Movement of 2009. The data used for this study
was a group of selected YouTube videos of the Green Social
Movement of 2009. Using content analysis as a methodology, I
have analyzed the data by doing a coding and thematic analysis.
This process was guided by the researcher’s positionalities and
by three main tenets of social movements’ theories, 1) collective
behavior, 2) resource mobilization and 3) political opportunity.
Drawing on critical feminism theories this study offer insights on
how Iranian women negotiate and critique gender politics in a
patriarchal driven regime and society. During the Green Social
Movement2009, Iranian women were demanding gender equality
and fighting against the ideological Islamist government of Iran.
Iranian women were actively fighting for their rights, in spite of
all the restrictions and oppressions from the Iranian regime.
Women's Maternalist and Community Activism: An
Intersectional Perspective on Women’s Community
Engagement Ellen R Reese, UC-Riverside; Ian R
Breckenridge-Jackson, UC-Riverside; Julisa R McCoy, UCRiverside
This paper provides an overview of the literature on women's
maternalist mobilization and community engagement in the
United States, using an intersectional perspective. Maternalist
mobilization refers to an “empowered motherhood or public
expression of those domestic values associated in some way with
motherhood” (Weiner 1993: 96). Since the beginning of the
twentieth century, women activists have used maternalist rhetoric
to justify all sorts of goals, both progressive and conservative.
Women have also had a long history of engagement within their
local communities and neighborhoods to solve various social
problems, particularly as they relate to issues outside of their
workplaces. We explore how the forms of women's maternalist
mobilization and community organizing are significantly shaped
by their intersecting identities related to their race, sexual
orientation, and social class.
179. Gender: Transformation, Privilege, and Competency
Gender
3:30 to 5:00 pm
Session Organizer:
Participants:
“I Don’t Have To Be Polite”: Women’s Self-Defense Training
and Gender Transformation Jocelyn Hollander, University of
Oregon
Although scholars have paid considerable attention to theorizing
gender and how it is constructed and maintained, there has been
little sustained attention to the question of how gender might
change. In this paper, I focus on the question of how, concretely,
gender change occurs. While change can take place at all levels
of gender (the institutional, the interactional, and the individual),
I focus here on face-to-face interaction. I use as data my research
on feminist self-defense classes, which provides rich insight into
the processes of gender change in interaction. I argue that this
training destabilizes gender by changing women’s interactional
expectations and practices, which in turn shift other people’s
responses to them. Because interactions are interlinked, these
changes in behavior and in others’ responses have the potential to
change gendered patterns of interaction. I conclude by discussing
the potential institutional and structural consequences of these
changes.
Constructing Masculinity through Narratives of Caring:
Distancing Oneself from and Maintaining Male Privilege and
Dominance Daniel Eisen, Pacific University; Fumiko
Takasugi, University of Hawaii Honolulu Community
College; Liann Yamashita, Pacific University; Ashley
Kahalelaukoa McKenzie, Pacific Unviersity
Situated within the field of gender, the field of masculinity
intersects with other fields (e.g., race, class, geographical region
and culture) and identifies dominant masculinities in various
social contexts. Individuals within the field constantly construct
and negotiate various masculinities in relation to one another and
employ narratives to elevate their personalized form of
masculinity to a dominant position. This study employed
grounded theory methodology to analyze data collected through
semi-structured interviews with 25 men from Hawaii and Oregon
about their understanding of and adherence to the “man code”
and the “bro code.” The participants, who were predominately
college aged males, distanced themselves from popular culture
depictions of hegemonic masculinity and the “bro code” by
constructing a “caring individual” masculinity. Therefore, to
achieve masculinity, participants believed that they had to be a
“good man” by caring for a spouse and be a “good bro” by caring
for their bros (close male friends). Caring for one’s bros
included (a) keeping other bros’ secrets, (b) remaining silent
about oppressive structures within friendship groups and (c)
protecting a bro’s autonomy in intimate partner relationships.
Further analysis demonstrated that while these narratives were
similar for Hawaii and Oregon participants, the ways in which
they accomplished these ideals differed. Overall, although
participants attempted to distance themselves from the sexism
and heterosexism embedded in traditional and popular culture
constructions of masculinity, they reinforced structures of male
dominance and privilege by viewing themselves as progressive,
while supporting less progressive practices and ideologies.
Perceptions of competency for male and female chemistry
majors: Does he receive more credit? Stephanie Hilwig,
Adams State University; Renee Beeton, Adams State
University; Victoria Martinez, Adams State University
Since the 1980’s, women earning Ph.D.s in chemistry has grown
from 25% to 37%. Given these statistics, we would expect close
to 25% of Associate and Full professors to be women as well as
more than 30% of assistant professors to be women. But the
numbers fall short. While they have been improving for
Assistant professors, with women holding 30% of those
positions, they have not improved for women holding Associate
or Full professor positions, holding steady at 24% and 13%,
respectively. And while family responsibilities and women’s
choices do play a role, those issues may be influenced by subtle
forms of discrimination. In many STEM fields, women may find
the deck is stacked against them. They must show more
intelligence and competency for equal recognition. And if she
were ever to make a mistake, she will pay a greater penalty.
Perceptions of her competency are more fragile. We set out to
test this idea using an experiment with a male and female
chemistry majors performing as a more and less competent role
while conducting a lab chemistry experiment. Videos will be
shown to students across campus assessing their competency in
each role. This experiment is designed to measure the benefit
men receive when performing well compared to women and the
penalty women pay when performing poorly compared to men.
Is there a double standard where women must continually “Prove
it Again!” as they demonstrate competency and similarly, they
pay a greater penalty for their mistakes or underperformance?
180. Social Forces and the Family
3:30 to 5:00 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Sojung Lim, Utah State Univeristy
Participants:
Caring for Children during Hard Times: How Employment
Status Impacted Men's and Women's Contributions to Child
Care, 2003-2011 Allison Sahl, University of Nevada, Las
Vegas
The goal of this research is to examine time spent caring for
children within the home before, during, and after the 2007 U.S.
economic recession. Using The American Time Use Survey,
which is sponsored by The Bureau of Labor Statistics and
conducted through the U.S. Census Bureau, I analyze gender
differences in time spent caring for household children. This
study provides a unique opportunity to analyze child care
contributions during a time of major economic disruption, the
2007 U.S. economic recession. During this time, both men and
women experienced unemployment and therefore may have more
time to devote to child care. Results suggest differences in time
spent caring for children by gender and employment status.
Specifically, unemployment and its longevity were shown to
significantly impact this time. The findings of this study speak to
important consequences of larger economic forces on households
and the balance of work and family.
Early Family Building Behaviors and Subsequent
Socioeconomic Well-being Sojung Lim, Utah State
Univeristy; Jared Glenn, Utah State University
Reflecting the general trends toward later marriage and delayed
childbearing, relatively little scholarly attention has focused on
those who form families by entering union and/or having
children at young ages. This limited research on early family
behaviors is unfortunate, considering that a large number of
people continue to marry or enter parenthood before they reach
the modal ages for family formation among their counterparts.
More importantly, in contrast to the scholarly focus on early
family formation among disadvantaged individuals, there seems
to be substantial variation in terms of demographic characteristics
and socioeconomic background among individuals involved in
early family behaviors. This lack of research limits our
understanding of the patterns and predictors of early family
building behaviors, as well as their subsequent consequences
across different sub-populations. Our goal in this study is to
address these limitations by using nationally representative data
from two birth cohorts with rich information on individual life
transitions (i.e., NLSY79 and NLSY97) to document the patterns
and correlates of early family building behaviors. Our second
goal is to examine the predictors of early family formation by
contrasting the experiences of two birth cohorts so as to examine
the extent to which individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds
have selected into early family behaviors over time. Lastly, we
will examine the consequences of early family building
behaviors on subsequent socioeconomic well-being.
Exploring the Feasibility of a Domestic Violence Fatality
Review Initiative in the Indian Subcontinent Nitika Sharma,
The Family Violence Institute at Northern Arizona
University
This research will look at the feasibility of introducing to India,
and in its wake, to other South Asian nations, the Domestic
Violence Fatality Review Initiative (DVFRI). By examining
India as a cultural, political, and social landscape much different
than the U.S., the paper seeks to understand the scope of the
DVFRI as a viable homicide and DV reduction tool across the
Indian sub-continent. The research will outline the current system
in place in India to fight domestic violence, what its weaknesses
are and how a DVFRI can address some of the shortcomings. By
paying attention to the diverse cultural landscapes of the U.S.
where the DVFRI has been heralded as a success story and India,
the research will lay out the pros and cons of establishing such a
system in the Indian subcontinent.
181. Workshop: Decentering Whiteness in the Classroom
Teaching Sociology
3:30 to 5:00 pm
Session Organizer:
Lori Walkington, University of California Riverside
Presider:
Participant:
Decentering Whiteness in the Classroom Lori Walkington,
University of California Riverside
With an ever increasingly diverse college student population,
teaching sociologists must be aware of potential risks to students
of color when we center whiteness to teach about white privilege
and other structural issues. The ‘white privilege walk’ activity in
its various forms is widely used in introductory sociology courses
as a powerful visual representation of how white privilege serves
to stratify groups and individuals based on race class and gender.
However, during the debriefing portion of the activity, I have
observed on multiple occasions a phenomenon wherein the
majority of white students reject the concept of white privilege
and students of color are none too surprised at being ‘in the
back’. The negative emotional affects this has on students of
color crystallized for me while facilitating this activity at an
urban city college last year when one young Latina asked me if
she “should go inside the building.” She could not physically go
any further into the margins from her place in the shrubs. The
exercise was stopped immediately to begin the debriefing
session. Students were then asked if they would like the
opportunity to create their own list of statements that decentered
whiteness in the activity. This workshop asks attendees to
participate in the student-created alternative to McIntosh’s
privilege walk activity in order to invite discussion regarding
how to teach white privilege while also decentering whiteness.
182. Urban development, gentrification and civic engagement
3:30 to 5:00 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Christie Batson, University of Nevada Las Vegas
Participants:
Abandoning Community: Gentrification and Media Boosterism
in Downtown Las Vegas Andrea Dassopoulos, University of
Nevada, Las Vegas
This paper explores the role that local media has played in
framing the redevelopment of downtown Las Vegas since 2008.
Downtown Las Vegas is in the midst of rapid development and
gentrification, spearheaded by investment groups City of Las
Vegas Redevelopment Agency and the Downtown Project
(DTP). Investment in the area has changed the landscape of
downtown Las Vegas, particularly the Fremont East area, which
has long had a reputation for high crime and poverty. Numerous
weekly motels, small markets, and casinos geared toward locals
have been closed and replaced with businesses geared toward a
burgeoning creative class. The vision of DTP is to build a dense
area of entertainment, art, and co-working spaces. DTP’s public
image is cultivated using buzzwords like “community” and
“collisions.” DTP has changed both the physical and cultural
character of the area. Using “community” to describe the changes
proliferates in alternative weekly magazines and blogs as they
seek to frame the changes and define the area. Throughout the
process, development has been positively framed as making the
area safer and bringing more people downtown, with a rare voice
decrying gentrification. I focus on the use of the word
“community” in the rhetoric of the DTP and show how the media
becomes a booster for DTP by drawing on existing perceptions
of Las Vegas as a transient city lacking community cohesion.
Community, however, is not an inclusive term, as the existing
and longstanding residents of Fremont east are noticeably absent
from the public discourse.
Civic Engagement for Youth: A Community-Based
Organization Approach Laura Jazmin Cortez, California
State University, Long Beach
The intersection of SES, community and educational experiences
combine to differentially affect the level of civic knowledge and
hence civic engagement among minority youth. Understanding
how to involve minority youth in their communities and maintain
that commitment over time has important repercussions for
inequality and the overall quality of life in our communities. The
key research question is how do we reverse the trend toward
civic disengagement among minority youth? Research is
beginning to demonstrate the positive impact of CBO’s,
particularly those focused on civic knowledge and engagement.
Research (below) shows that minority youth have lower rates of
participation in organizations, lower rates of civic knowledge and
engagement, and less financial and emotional support in their
community and school. Therefore, to reverse trends in civic
disengagement, rates of knowledge and engagement, as well as
support for minority youth should be studies. This research is
intended to analyze Khmer Girls in Action’s (KGA) efforts to
enhance civic knowledge and civic engagement among
Cambodian youth. Specifically analyze how CBO’s 1) recruit
and retain youth members; 2) provide the civic learning and
capacity building for civic engagement 3) effect individual civic
behavior.
Global Cities: Nation Building or Empire Building? Viewing
the Framework from the Lens of Urban Renewal and
Gentrification Orvic Pada, CSU Fullerton/Claremont
Graduate University
This study explores urban renewal and gentrification in Metro
Manila, the Philippines in publicly accessible government,
private and non-profit community development documents. I
explore how development documents frame urban development. I
examine whether and how the concept of social inequalities that
often accompany urban renewal and gentrification become a part
of this discourse, in light of the country's long-term plan to
transform Metro Manila into a major global city. It is important
to consider the implications of such representations of
development because urban planning in the Philippines has been
associated with the perpetuation of vast social inequalities in the
rural and metropolitan regions of the country. The Philippines is
an important case for this inquiry because of the social
inequalities and economic disparities that have arisen out of
failed development in the country and in urban regions in
particular. This site is also important because of its unique place
in the economic and political power struggle in the Pacific Rim
and Asia Pacific arena.
183. Race, neoliberalism and educational opportunity
Panel discussion
3:30 to 5:00 pm
Session Organizer:
Megan Thiele, SJSU
Presider:
Faustina M DuCros, San Jose State University
Discussants:
Steve Nava, San Jose State University
Anthony Villarreal, Monterey Peninsula College
Robert Ovetz, San Francisco State University/DeAnza College
184. The Ethnographer's Circle Workshop I
Ethnography
3:30 to 5:00 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Participants:
Side Effects and Treatment Effects: Ambiguities in the
treatment of complex neurological disorders Dan Morrison,
Pepperdine University
“The history of place in Manila: From urban community to
heritage conservation Dana Collins, Cal State Fullerton
Backwards and Forwards in Time: Close Encounters of the
Steampunk Kind Mark Cohan, Seattle University
185. (Inter)national Environmental Issues and Social Change
3:30 to 5:00 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Nicholas Baxter, University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Participants:
A Cross-National Study of Renewable Energy Production,
1970-2012 Jolene McCall, UC Irvine
On a global level, renewable energy production over the past 40
years has increased exponentially. In a cross-national analysis,
this paper investigates trends and variations in renewable energy
production from 1970 through 2012. Using variables linked to
arguments from ecological modernization theory, political
economy perspectives, and world society theory, this paper
examines increases in energy production from renewable sources
among nations. World society theory posits that international
organizations have prompted a rise in the environmental regime
where environmental issues have become exceedingly prioritized
globally. Additionally, world society theory argues that
international organizations intervene in social and political
processes through the reinforcement of global cultural norms. To
this extent, cultural pressures to reduce carbon dioxide emissions
are hypothesized to be reinforced through international
organizations which would result in an increase in energy
produced from renewable sources. Furthermore, world society
theory suggests that environmental treaty participation should
result in changes socially and politically, yielding positive
environmental outcomes for participants. With specific emphasis
on the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), preliminary
analyses support the hypothesis that treaty participation is
positively linked to renewable energy production. Additionally,
world society arguments are supported through evidence that the
presence of international non-government organizations (INGOs)
within a nation increases the percentage of total energy
production from renewables. The results indicate that
international organizations as well as treaty participation have
generated substantial changes in institutions and culture globally
and, consequently, energy production worldwide.
Environment, Economy, and Population: A Longitudinal
Examination on APEC Members Feng Hao, Washington
State University
The dynamic interactions among environment, economy, and
population are a central theme in contemporary social science
disciplines. To empirically evaluate these interactions, this paper
analyzes the magnitude of the impact economy and population
have had on the environment in 18 Asia-Pacific Economic
Cooperation (APEC) members between 1989 (when APEC was
founded) and 2011. Findings from regression analysis show that
the estimated coefficients for GDP per capita (an indicator of
economic development) and population size on CO2 emissions
(an indicator of environmental quality) are increasing during this
period. After incorporating the interaction variables, further
examination shows that the impact is in a unidirectional
decoupling fashion since 1998. Therefore, the results suggest that
the 18 APEC members’ environmental performance has been
improving in the 2000s, likely because of the modernization
process and pressure from world polity on environmental
protection. Nevertheless, anthropogenic practices still remain to
be major causes of global environmental change, which has left a
lasting and colossal footprint on the ecosystem.
The Effect of Global Economic and Environmental Pressures in
the Case of National Park Expansion Natasha Miric,
Why are some nations more environmental than others? How
does development affect environmental outcomes in nations? I
am interested in the ways global environmental pressures and
domestic development pressures conflict, and whether or not
these conflicts promote or hinder positive environmental
outcomes. For this project, I use random effects panel regression
analyses to analyze the effects of development and
environmentalism, in the case of a specific environmental
outcome, establishment of national parks from 1970-2013. In
doing so, I test the major sociological theories that seek to
explain state behavior related to environmental concerns,
including world systems theory, political economy theory, and
world society theory.
Is the Chinese Public’s Environmental Concern Growing? —An
Examination of Two China General Social Survey conducted
in 2003 and 2010 Feng Hao, Washington State University
By comparing data from two national surveys conducted in 2003
and 2010, this study analyzes the environmental concern of the
Chinese public. I compared the responses to 11 survey questions
that were repeatedly used in the two surveys and I found that the
Chinese public had greater environmental concern in 2010 than
in 2003. Next, since economic affluence and the exposure to
ecological degradation are theoretically influential to people’s
concern of the environment, I used data from the two surveys to
test the statements from an empirical perspective. A distinctive
pattern in the surveys shows that both household income (an
indicator of economic affluence) and the exposure to ecological
degradation were positively related to the environmental concern
of the Chinese public in 2003 and 2010.
186. Special Issue of The American Sociologist, Part 2:
Maintaining & Serving a Diverse Membership
Panel discussion
3:30 to 5:00 pm
Session Organizers:
Presider:
Participants:
Elite Dilution or Saved by the Belles? The Changing Social
Demography of the Pacific Sociological Association Patricia
A Gwartney, University of Oregon
Community College Participation in the Pacific Sociological
Association Linda Rillorta, Mt. San Antonio College
Can/Should/Does One Size Fit All? Does the Pacific
Sociological Association Still Meet the Needs of Faculty
Members at Ph.D.-Granting Institutions? Keith Farrington,
Whitman College
The Role of the PSA in Graduate Student Training and
Professional Development Lora Vess, University of Alaska
Southeast
Do Regional Associations Meet the Career Needs of TeacherScholars? Todd Migliaccio, CSUS; Jennifer Murphy, CSUS
Reflections on My PSA Scholarship of Teaching and Learning
Experiences Peter Collier, Portland State University
AKD Sponsored Undergrad PSA Sessions: The History Sharon
Kay Araji, University of Colorado Denver
From Students to Scholars: Undergraduate Research and
Regional Conferences Vikas K Gumbhir, Gonzaga
University
Diversity in the Academy: On the Growing Prominence of Race
and Ethnicity in the PSA, 1929-2014 Michelle Madsen
Camacho, University of San Diego; Marie Sarita Gaytan,
University of Utah; Samuel Gregory Prieto, University of
San Diego
Bridging the Gap Amongst Sociologists of Color: A Brief
Overview of Mentorship and Social Network Opportunities
in the PSA A. Carli Richie-Zavaleta, Drexel University
School of Public Health; LaTasha Monique Warmsley, I am
not affiliated with a college at this time.
Reflections on the Role of Professional Association in
Promoting Diversity: The Case of ASA and PSA
Reconsidered Ramon S. Torrecilha, CSU Dominguez Hills
The Past, Present, and Future of a Regional Sociological
Association Amy Wharton, Washington State University
Vancouver
187. Jake Rosenfeld's What Unions No Longer Do
Work and Organizations
3:30 to 5:00 pm
Session Organizers:
Christy Glass, Utah State University
Presider:
Participant:
What Unions No Longer Do Jake Rosenfeld, University of
Washington
Discussants:
Nelson Lichtenstein, University of California, Santa Barbara
Victor Narro, UCLA Labor Center
Joshua Bloom, UCLA
Kurt Petersen, UNITE-HERE
188. Author Meets Critic: Yen Le Espiritu, "Body Counts: The
Vietnam War and Militarized Refugees"
3:30 to 5:00 pm
Session Organizer:
Discussants:
Pierrette Hondagneu-Sotelo, USC
Anthony Ocampo, California State Polytechnic University
Pomona
Yen Le Espiritu, University of California, San Diego
Marcos
189. Author Meets Critic: Scott Myers-Lipton, "Ending Extreme
Inequality: An Economic Bill of Rights to Eliminate Poverty"
3:30 to 5:00 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Discussants:
Scott Myers-Lipton, San José State University
Levin Welch, Los Angeles Valley College
Agnes Riedmann, California State University, Stanislaus
190. Crime and Delinquency IV
3:30 to 5:00 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Participants:
Correctional Culture as an Impediment to Reduced Recidivism
Roger Guy, UNC - Pembroke
Community corrections in the United States has assumed
increased attention recently as more states search for search for
alternatives to incarceration though mandatory release, parole, or
probation. Much of this is related to the enormous financial
commitment of incarceration exacerbated by diminishing state
revenues, and decades of sentencing policy emphasizing
incapacitation. Justice Reinvestment is increasingly being
promoted as a means to achieve public safety, and recidivism
reduction, with significantly less cost to states. Much of the
rhetoric of Justice Reinvestment appears offender-centered and
revolves around “holding offenders accountable.” Amid this
latest fad in correctional policy lies a crucial aspect of success –
the importance of core values to competency. A focus group with
correctional practitioners revealed values antithetical to the
philosophical goal of community corrections. To be successful,
those in community corrections must possess not only
appropriate professional credentials, and work experience, but
also specific values espousing rehabilitation. However, in spite of
research documenting the importance of both competent staff and
supportive organizational cultures in reducing recidivism
(Gendreau and al., 1999; Paparozzi and Gendreau, 2005) the
profession has relied on latest technologies, methods, techniques,
and fads as proxies for expertise thereby eschewing the last
frontier of corrections - human and organizational capital.
Juror Dismissed: Getting Out of Citizenship Obligations Jane
Lilly Lopez, UC San Diego Sociology
The call for expanded citizenship rights can be heard in one form
or another from both ends of the political spectrum (and
everywhere in between). Meanwhile, citizens continue to look for
ways to avoid fulfilling their citizenship obligations, most
notably the universally loathed call to jury duty. While millions
of citizens are called each year to jury duty, only a minority of
them actually serve on a trial. Using observations of jury
selection in thirty court trials, I analyze the reasons potential
jurors provide for being unable to serve on a jury and
demonstrate the ways in which citizens have mastered satisfying
the letter of the law without having to fulfill their broader
citizenship responsibilities. I also examine the extent to which
some citizens are better situated than others to dodge the jury
duty “draft” and what that means for the American legal system
and the promise of "justice for all."
The Social Structure of Support for Marijuana Legalization
Burrel James Vann, University of California, Irvine
From 2000 to 2012, initiatives proposing to legalize personal and
recreational marijuana use were on the ballot in 13 states.
Although supporters of marijuana scored tight victories, county
level voting varied substantially. Opponents of legalization claim
that marijuana poses a threat to the traditional socialization of
children while supporters claim that legalization can lead to
community improvements. I argue that support for marijuana
legalization should be strong in socially vulnerable communities,
characterized by high rates of crime and high school dropouts, as
a route to local improvement. The analysis also shows that while
support for legalization is lower in communities with high rates
of family households with children, the distribution of family
households with children is a strong predictor of support. I find
that the concentration of families provides protection from the
threat marijuana poses to child socialization.
I'm Not Gonna Be Like 'That' Guy: Examining Anti-Drug
Advertising through the Eyes of 'That' Guy Jaysen Ferestad,
Recidivism rates are especially high among methamphetamine
addicts. Considering the societal costs associated with
methamphetamine use, efforts to reintegrate this population are
crucial. Imperative then is an understanding of potential barriers
addicts face in their attempts to reintegrate. This study explores
barriers methamphetamine addicts face in Montana. Shocking
images of methamphetamine addicts are broadcast across the
state in television, radio and print advertisements, as part of the
state’s latest anti-drug campaign – the Montana Meth Project.
Although the campaign is intended to reach teens to prevent the
onset of meth use, they reach another population: current and
recovering meth addicts. From a labeling perspective, campaign
use of images that negatively portray drug addicts has unintended
consequences for drug populations. However, the unintended
consequences for these populations have failed to gain attention
in the literature despite the implications suggested by labeling
theory. This study explores the impact of the anti-drug campaign
on the worldview of recovering meth addicts. Results from 20
interviews with recovering meth addicts show that the Montana
Meth Project has a significant impact on the worldview of this
population. The findings suggest that the campaign has a
negative impact – stereotypes stigmatization and differential
treatment – and that the campaign is viewed by recovering
addicts as a barrier to their reintegration. The findings of this
study demonstrate the unintended consequences of anti-drug
“shock” advertising on a population of drug addicts and
highlights significant implications regarding their reintegration.
191. Ritualizing Protest and Shifting Public Discourse through
Social Movement Activism
3:30 to 5:00 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Megan Brooker, University of California Irvine
Participants:
After Occupy: Exploring the Personal and Cultural Outcomes of
the Occupy Movement Megan Brooker, University of
California Irvine
This research in progress seeks to examine the personal and
cultural consequences of the Occupy Movement, particularly
through its impact on individuals’ trajectories of subsequent
movement participation and its influence on the broader social
movement sector through movement spillover and diffusion.
Although the Occupy encampments were mostly ephemeral in
nature, I hypothesize that the movement’s participatory
democratic approach, confrontational tactics, and the high
intensity of involvement that it compelled from participants may
have led to more lasting effects and encouraged subsequent
movement engagement. In addition, if Occupy activists diffused
into other social movement organizations post-Occupy, this is
likely to have resulted in movement spillover of personnel, ideas,
and tactical and strategic repertoires. My study relies primarily
on data collected through semi-structured interviews with
Occupy participants in Oakland, Berkeley, Portland, and
Honolulu. My preliminary findings indicate that the Occupy
Movement has achieved persistent impacts via its influence on
personal trajectories of participation, interpersonal and SMO
networks, and social discourse. It also produced a notable effect
on social movement communities by sparking important strategic
debates among activists on issues related to the most effective
movement goals, tactics, and organizational structures.
Ritualizing Solidarity: Memorial and Pilgrimage in
Contemporary Protest to the U.S. Security State Chandra
Russo, UCSB
This paper is part of a larger project that examines how activist
groups contest the U.S. security state by pursuing solidarity with
the most direct victims of state violence. Original data are based
on a comparative ethnography of three annual protest events: 1)
the vigil to close the military training facility at Ft. Benning,
Georgia, organized by School of the Americas Watch; 2) the
Migrant Trail Walk, part of the U.S. Mexico border justice
movement; and 3) the Witness Against Torture week of fasting
and civil disobedience to close the Guantánamo Bay Detention
Center. I identify a tactical repertoire I term “solidarity witness,”
in which participants utilize resistant modes of seeing and being
seen to respond to political injustice that does not most
immediately impact them. In this chapter, I examine two key
components of solidarity witness-- ritualized memorial and
protest pilgrimage. I ask and seek to answer how these corporeal,
ritualized tactics re-socialize witnesses and the larger public
against dominant U.S. Security Culture.
Ukrainian Maidan 2013-2014: Participants’ Attitudes and
Public Opinion Dmytro Khutkyy, Kiev International Institute
of Sociology, Ukraine
The events in Ukraine are in the focus of attention of world
public. Due to different ideologies of the parties involved, these
events are highlighted and interpreted in mass media in distorted
formats. Therefore, it is extremely difficult to find balanced
stories. Nevertheless, it is possible to explore at least the final
opinions of population, which certainly reflect personal attitudes,
mass media images, and private debates. The paper offers a metaanalysis of data of sociological public opinion surveys
concerning the Maidan events in Ukraine. The basis of
Euromaidan participants constituted the middle class – middleaged people with higher education, skilled professionals,
entrepreneurs, and managers. Definitely, Maidan was a selforganized entity. People were driven by situational and systemic
motifs. The priorities of demands shifted significantly – from
signing the Association Agreement with EU to resignation of the
President and a fundamental change of authorities. As the
coercion and repressions forced by authorities increased
systematically, the Maidan became more radical. The attitudes
towards Euromaidan split public opinion in Ukraine in two
almost equal parts, but the majority condemned pro-government
Antimaidan. The proponents of Euromaidan were more active,
and among them residents of Western and Central regions were
active too, personal participation in Euromaidan among the
whole population constituted 12%. The Ukrainians of West and
Center mostly blamed Yanukovych for the conflict, while of
South and East – opposition. Overall, Ukrainians were more
supportive of the anti-government protesters. Evidently, the
attitudes towards protests were linked with different
interpretations of legitimacy of the authorities and the protesters.
192. Gendered Identities in Media
Media and Communication
3:30 to 5:00 pm
Session Organizer:
Springs
Presider:
Participants:
Constructing the middle-class in black and white: advertising in
Ebony and Life magazines Chelsi Chanel Florence,
University of California, Davis
American marketers in the 1960s constructed advertisements
against the backdrop of political and social unrest. Print
advertisements are cultural texts that can both reflect and
contradict the social reality in which they are contextualized, but
they are idealized pictures constructed by advertisers to appeal to
imagined consumer dreams and desires. Advertisers use such
dreams constructed of gendered, raced, and classed images to
turn a profit. In this paper, I conduct a comparative content
analysis of advertisements from Ebony and Life magazines,
employing an interpretive sociological analysis of the visual and
textual content. By focusing on advertisements produced in a
specific historical period (1960-1972), I explore the
representations of blackness and whiteness as they are
constructed in these middle class magazines targeting black and
white consumer audiences. This study is interested in the
theoretical consequences of this type of advertising; specifically,
how do advertisements targeted specifically toward black and
white middle-class audiences differ and in what ways are they the
same? I anticipate that the data will allow some general
discussion about visual codes related race, class, and gender as
they construct a larger narrative to different audiences.
Additionally, I aim to discuss the intersections of race, class, and
gender in advertisements, which functions a site of historically
specific and meaningful discourse.
If she isn’t here to work, what is she doing here?: Popular
Contemporary Film and the Continuing Exploitation of
Black Women Christina N Baker, Sonoma State Univeristy
In this research, the intersectional framework is applied to an
analysis of the representation of Black women in mainstream
media. The focus is on two successful comedic films, Bringing
Down the House and Monster-in-Law, in order to illustrate the
ways in which the “mammy” image has not disappeared from
popular culture, although this image now has a modern guise. I
argue that the characters “Ruby” (Monster-in-Law) and
“Charlene” (Bringing Down the House) exemplify the
characteristics of the stereotypical “mammy” by exhibiting the
following characteristics: 1) The characters assist and serve white
characters, including taking on a care-taker role with the children
of white families; 2) They are portrayed in contexts that
reinforces the dominant white power structure; 3) They are
presented in contrast to the white characters in each film,
physically and culturally, reinforcing the image of “otherness” of
Black women. The implications of the use of this image of Black
women in modern mainstream media are also discussed.
The Modernized, Empowered Female Figure in Cinematic
Features: Discursive Implications of the Contemporary
Femme Fatale in Neo-Noir Films Andreea Nica, Portland
State University
What are the discursive implications for the contemporary,
empowered, and sadistic female figure of the U.S. 1990s neonoir filmic features? The films presented in the analysis include
Bound, The Last Seduction, and Basic Instinct where
representations of the modern, sexually empowered, and violent
woman derived from film noir’s femme fatale figure is examined.
The research question focuses on whether these representations
of the contemporary femme fatale depicted in neo-noir films are
an accurate and progressive interpretation of changes in women's
status and identity in the U.S. society. On the contrary, these
representations of femininity may be a regression or
transgression towards female empowerment, and act as a
hindrance to producing an egalitarian society. Neo-noir features
offer a presence of powerful women which may lead spectators
to believe women are represented and symbolized in an
empowering manner, but extensive analysis in psychoanalytic
theory, postfeminist ideology, feminist film criticism, and textual
film analysis demonstrates that this may not be the case. First, I
provide an overview of film noir and neo-noir features followed
by a discourse on postfeminist ideology and feminine
construction. Thereafter, I include a theoretical framework on
sadomasochism followed by an analysis of psychoanalytic theory
and feminist film criticism. The aim is to provide a critical and
theoretical overview of women’s empowerment within a
socioeconomic, political, and social relations context, in relation
to representations of seemingly powerful women in neo-noir
stylistic features.
Wookie-Love: Sex and Romance in Star Wars: The Old
Republic Melissa J Monson, Metropolitan State University
of Denver
This paper seeks to explore the treatment of sex, romance, and
sexuality in the online-video game Star Wars: The Old Republic.
Specifically it will be a content analysis of those aspects of the
virtual world that shape player role playing experience by
creating the framework within which romance and/or sexual play
takes place, i.e., romance based quest lines, emotes to indicate
flirtation, skimpy outfits, virtual stripers, etc. Preliminary
analysis suggests sex, romance, and sexuality as presented by the
game developers reinforce a heteronormative ideology which
supports hegemonic masculinity and emphasized femininity.
This view is further propagated by the players themselves who
use in game chat to objectify and sexualize female non-player
characters, incorporate sexual humor (including rape jokes),
interject homophobic remarks, and focus on implied (within the
game) acts of sex, rather than notions of “grand romance.”
193. Expanding Feminisms: Intersectionalities, Technologies, and
Constituencies
Panel discussion
5:15 to 6:45 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Participants:
Intersectionality and the Kaleidoscope: Notes on a New
Approach to Race and Sexuality Mark Anthony Hunter,
UCLA
Muslim Men Supporting Women's Equality Tal Peretz,
The "Black Feminist Man" is Not an Oxymoron Gary K. Perry,
Seattle University
After the Chickenheads Came Home to Roost: Fourth
Generation Black Feminisms Zandria Robinson, University
of Memphis
194. Comedy! The W. Kamau Bell Curve: How to End Racism in
about an Hour
Event
7:00 to 8:00 pm
Session Organizer:
195. Student Reception
Reception
8:00 to 9:30 pm
Session Organizer:
Connection to the Four-Year Institution Christa Michelle
Zinke, Portland State University
SATURDAY, APRIL, 4
196. PSA Council Meeting 2015-16
Committee meeting
8:30 to 10:00 am
Session Organizer:
Member:
Karen Pyke, University of California, Riverside
Michelle Madsen Camacho, University of San Diego
Sylvanna M. Falcón, University of California, Santa Cruz
Leontina Hormel, University of Idaho
Kathleen Kaiser, California State University, Chico
Sarah Diefendorf, University of Washington
197. Understanding the Undergraduate Experience
8:30 to 10:00 am
Session Organizer:
Megan Thiele, SJSU
Presider:
Participants:
Authorship denied: Understanding how early education may
impact acts of plagiarism. Jennifer A Strangfeld, CSU
Stanislaus
This project expands on a pilot study done in the summer of 2013
to analyze how experiences in K-12 education may play a role in
student plagiarism at the college level. While the connection
between early educational experiences and college plagiarism is
largely unexplored in research specifically on student plagiarism,
other sociological research on the institutionalized racism,
sexism, and classism imbedded in K-12 education suggests that
the educational environment in general plays a role in students’
development of critical thinking skills and writing skills. For
example, students entrenched in the standardized testing model
that is common in low-income schools and schools serving
almost exclusively students of color, are often schooled in rote
memorization rather than writing development, comprehensive
problem solving, or critical assessment. In other words, students
in lower income schools are less likely to have the skills
necessary to be successful in college, even when they are
admitted into universities. This project combines survey data as
well 20 in-depth interviews of students who admit to committing
acts of plagiarism in their college careers. Preliminary analysis
suggests that participants enter the university with excitement,
but this is quickly overshadowed by a sense of being unprepared
and overwhelmed, particularly for students who are firstgeneration college students. Furthermore, their desire to succeed
is coupled with a feeling that they don’t actually belong.
Interestingly, however, students also articulate a strong
individualistic argument that ignores inequities in their lives and
places responsibility for their actions as strictly a reflection of
their own failings.
Community College Transfer Students: Understanding
With a changing dynamic of student populations across the
country, four-year universities and colleges face new challenges
understanding factors that influence student connection for
nontraditional students. Universities are further challenged to
connect community college transfers because these students are
more likely to commute and are lower income than students who
begin at a four-year institution right out of high school. This
comparative in-depth interview study aims to explore how
commuter community college transfer students understand their
connection to an urban, commuter, four-year research university.
The study explores the similarities and differences for two
cohorts of ten commuter community college transfer students –
those who transferred during the 2012-2013 school year and
those who either graduated in the 2012-2013 school year or
shortly thereafter – interviewed during the summer and fall of
2013. Studies on community college transfer students are not
new, but most previous research uses quantitative data to analyze
transfer student connection. By using qualitative data, this study
aims to gain new perspectives about the connection of transfer
students. Preliminary findings suggest that commuter community
college transfer student connection develops based on a variety
of factors including length of attendance, student-faculty
interaction, and courses. Upon final analysis, findings may have
future policy and program implications for schools with large
numbers of commuter community college transfer students.
Driven From Within and Without: An Analysis of
Undergraduate Motivation and Progress Christopher
Lawrence, California State University, Northridge
Currently, we are far from a comprehensive understanding of
why some students at Hispanic Serving Institutions (HSIs) persist
through college and achieve academic success while others do
not. This research extends past studies on HSIs by analyzing the
effects of psychosocial characteristics such as academic
motivation, self-efficacy, locus of control, resilience, and
institutional commitment on academic progress and GPA at these
schools. In essence, I seek to uncover those internal qualities that
matter most for students at HSIs. Just who are these proactive
and motivated students? Conversely, what is lacking in those
individuals who take fewer units and earn poorer grades? Past
research has provided insight into the influence of more
“traditional” variables on these outcomes. We know that students
at HSIs often come from a lower socioeconomic background, are
first-generation and/or transfer students, work several hours per
week, and often mismanage their financial support by increasing
hours on the job or dropping out of school entirely. Hence, it is
no surprise that Hispanics are the ethnic group that is least likely
to persist to their second year of college. Even so, there are many
who do, and it is worth finding out how they shape their
academic fate. As such, the study draws on survey responses
from students across academic college and standing (freshman,
sophomore, etc.) at a large four-year HSI in California. Results
reveal how psychosocial factors relate to academic progress and
performance as well as how these results vary across race, sex,
and area of study.
Mentoring, Reflection and Promoting Student Success: The
New Johari Window Peter Collier, Portland State University
Mentoring is a process by which more experienced individuals
share expertise with less experienced ones, and reflection,
according to John Dewey, is the key process that determines
whether any experience is “educative,” i.e. involves learning.
This conceptual paper updates a model of human interaction, the
Johari Window, to illustrate how mentoring and reflection can be
combined to promote college student success. The original Johari
Window (named after the first names of its inventors – Joseph
Luft and Harry Ingham), used the metaphor of a four-paned
window to describe how a person’s awareness increases through
interaction. My new Johari Window uses a similar format to
demonstrate how the combination of mentoring and reflection
can work together to increase student mentees’ knowledge of
how to be successful at college. In this paper I will also share an
exercise that mentors could use to help mentees recognize
transferable knowledge and experiences they may already have
that can be utilized to deal with college adjustment issues.
The Books or the Ballgame? Student-Athletes' Experiences of
Athletics and Academia Dinur Blum, University of
California, Riverside; Adam G. Sanford, California State
University, Dominguez Hills
Abstract: This study investigates student-athlete experiences that
affect their decision-making about prioritizing the game or the
classroom. Through an initial online survey and follow-up inperson interviews, student-athletes are asked about their
backgrounds, their families' and peers' opinions on sport and
academic work, and their goals after college. While exploratory,
this study is aimed at uncovering some of the social barriers and
pressures that student-athletes face when they feel they must
prioritize the game over the classroom, or vice-versa. The
investigators hope to provide athletic and academic stakeholders
new ways to approach student-athlete success, both on the field
and in the classroom.
198. Portrayals of Crime and Justice: Viewer Perceptions of
Fictional Crime Dramas
Art, Culture, and Popular Culture
8:30 to 10:00 am
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Participants:
Fictional Crime Dramas Heather Foster, Northern Arizona
University; Mark Lee Willingham, Northern Arizona
University
Heather Foster and Mark Willingham are conducting interviews
to determine the viewer’s perceptions of juveniles in fictional
crime dramas. The three main questions we seek to understand
are: what do viewers think is being portrayed, how accurate do
they consider the portrayals to be, and what do they think the
consequences of those portrayals are. The literature suggests that
juveniles are “invisible” in crime dramas. We seek to understand
if that is a view held by crime drama viewers.
Fictional Crime Dramas Stephani Williams, NAU
I am supervising a group of students conducting research on the
way that viewers perceive crime and justice to be portrayed in the
fictional crime genre. The three main questions we seek to
understand are: what do viewer’s think is being portrayed, how
accurate do they consider the portrayals to be, and what do they
think the consequences of those portrayals are (for the justice
system –police, jury verdicts, for viewers – fear, etc. In my
presentation, I will focus on conducting research with students. I
will focus my talk on processes and methodological issues, from
forming working groups to analyzing interviews (and everything
in between -deciding on sampling techniques, selecting clips to
show participants, creating coding sheets). My presentation will
basically give the overview of the project, so that each of the
student groups can focus on describing their interview data and
findings.
Fictional Crime Dramas Blaze Valencia, Northern Arizona
University
We are a group of students conducting research on the how the
portrayal of medical examiners in fictional crime genre has
effected the public’s perspective of how important their role is in
solving cases. The three main questions we seek to understand
are: what do viewers think is being portrayed, how accurate they
consider the portrayals to be, and what do they think the
consequences of those portrayals are (for the justice system –
police, jury verdicts, for viewers – fear, etc.
199. Student Perspectives on Success
8:30 to 10:00 am
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Kelly Nielsen, University of California, San Diego
Participants:
Contesting at the Margins: The Exclusion, Resistance and
Accommodation of Working-Class Black Male High School
Students Quaylan Allen, Chapman University
The educational outcomes of Black males are well documented.
However, less research explores the nature of these outcomes
from the perspectives of Black males themselves. This study
employs the qualitative methods of interviewing and
observations, and the use of social and cultural reproduction
theories to examine the educational experiences of working-class
Black male students attending a secondary school. Black male
counternarratives describe poor relationships with teachers and
how they experience differential treatment in discipline as racegendered bodies. Counternarratives and field observations also
detail particular masculine performances that demonstrate agency
in defying the normative and behavioral expectations of school.
Such acts of resistance subjected the young men to particular
exclusionary disciplinary practices that reduced their opportunity
to learn and reproduced particular hegemonic notions of Black
masculinity. Despite experiencing structural barriers in their
schooling, the Black male students accommodated the
achievement ideology of the school by drawing upon
individualistic and cultural impediments to explain their
schooling outcomes. Suggestions for improving the educational
experiences for Black males while also developing Black male
critical consciousness will be discussed.
Success and Failure: The Role of Supplementary Education in
High-Performing Public High Schools Lorena Castro,
Stanford University
In recent years, income and wealth inequality in the United States
have risen dramatically. While the rich have gotten richer, a large
percentage of the middle and working classes have stagnated or
fallen behind and the number of impoverished families has
increased (Blank 2011, McCall and Percheski 2010). Given
recent income and wealth inequality trends, I ask how this
growing inequality is experienced on the ground and what
implications this growing inequality has for education in the
United States. In order to understand how families and students
have responded to these recent trends, I conduct a case study one
of the nation’s most prestigious public high schools. I examine
the meaning students attach to success and failure and how
students act on these meanings. I am particularly interested in
how these differences vary by race/ethnicity and class.
Ties that Bind: Family Obligations as Perceived Obstacles Yang
Va Lor, UC Berkeley
While research on Asian American students has overwhelmingly
emphasized strong family ties as an important contributor to
student success in high school, what they neglect is how strong
family ties can constrain students in their educational endeavors
(Caplan et al. 1991; Zhou and Bankston 1999). Based on a study
of 30 Hmong American high school students, I show how family
ties, in the form of family obligations, can serve to level or
depress the aspirations of these students. In their discussion of
mobility, specifically what they think they need to do to achieve
success and what obstacles stand in their way, students
consistently brought up their family as a significant barrier.
Students were concerned that family obligations might prevent
them from achieving their own goals. Whereas males were
concerned about fulfilling cultural obligations related to
performing cultural and religious rituals, females were distressed
about providing social and economic support for their families.
More specifically, males primarily viewed family obligations as
an obstacle in their immediate lives; they worried that the
fulfillment of cultural obligations interfered with their current
schooling. Conversely, females were concerned about the impact
of family obligations in their future; that is, they were
apprehensive that anticipated social and economic support of
their families in the future would constrained them from pursuing
higher education or other opportunities outside of their
hometown. This study highlights the types of mechanism that
underlie the relationship between family ties and unfavorable
adolescent outcomes among children of low-income families.
Discussant:
200. Ethnography
Ethnography
8:30 to 10:00 am
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Participants:
Mano Suave, Mano Dura: Policing the Latino Gang Crisis
Samuel Gregory Prieto, University of San Diego; Victor
Rios, University of California, Santa Barbara
Scholars examining police-Latino relations have called for work
that examines this relationship from the perspective of officers.
Based on observations during 23 ride alongs with California
police officers and making contact with 46 Latino gang
associated youths, we find contrasting approaches in policing that
we refer to as mano suave (soft handed) and mano dura (hard
handed) policing. We find that just as juvenile delinquents
encounter “drift” (Matza 1964) in their day-to-day lives,
institutional actors like police also drift between punitive and
supportive roles in their interactions with youths. We make two
primary arguments about the conditions that influence a mano
suave or mano dura approach. Officers rely on the investigatory
stop—police stops that seek not to intervene on illegal action, but
to investigator the actor—to “check in” with the young Latino
men on whom they wish to keep tabs. This “regime of checks” is
informed by a logic of prevention, paternalism, and a
presumption of symmetrical power relations between themselves
and the youth. Second, even when officers hew to a mano suave
approach their focus on investigation and prevention often lead
them to misinterpret young people’s interactions and intentions
and, in the end, return to a more punitive stance in order to
compensate for their uncertainty. A process of cultural
misrecognition ensures and creates the conditions in which
officers “drift” from the mano suave to the mano dura. Ergo,
even when officers attempt to use a lenient, mano suave approach
to policing, they are bound by the punitive cultural context in
which they operate.
The Cost of Freedom: Homelessness as a Nomadic Lifestyle joe
martin, northern arizona university
Homeless people in the United States become homeless for a
myriad of reasons and are often viewed as victims of homeless
rather than as active agents in creating a lifestyle consistent with
their values. Homelessness as a social phenomenon is
constructed by experts such as: government officials, agency
representatives, corporate representatives, healthcare
practitioners, and academics. The homeless person’s voice is left
out of mainstream discourse surrounding homelessness. Research
on homelessness focuses on structural understandings of the
causes and consequences of homelessness rather than individual
life choices. In the 1930s the general public viewed homeless
people as victims of economic collapse deserving of material
assistance. By the 1970s, homeless people were seen as
personally responsible for their homelessness. Today homeless
people are criminalized for being homeless and discouraged from
living a homeless lifestyle. This research seeks to explore the
ideology, values, lived experiences and processes of living a
transient lifestyle in the United States. I conducted interviews
with people who choose to be homeless to create a space for
them to express the lived experiences of homelessness, not as
victims, but as experts. I thereby challenge mainstream
perceptions of homeless people as either victims or irresponsible
criminals. Using Robert K Merton’s theory of anomie, I argue
my target research population of homeless people are rebels
based on their rejection of established cultural goals and means.
Using a grounded theory approach, I explore the accounts of
homeless people in terms of the nomadic lifestyle they’ve chosen
and the costs they’re willing to bear to maintain a personal sense
of freedom.
What’s in a Name: The Gratuitous Use of Pseudonyms in the
American Fieldwork Tradition Ian Mullins, UC San Diego
This project investigates the use of pseudonyms in the fieldwork
tradition of American sociology, 1895--1985. I investigate how
ethical commitments that researchers express for the wellbeing of
research subjects, shifting epistemological concerns for what
constitutes a good explanation, and historical contingencies have
contributed to the habitual “overuse” of pseudonyms by
ethnographers today. Drawing upon the conceptual framework
presented by Charles S. Peirce, I identify two types of
explanations that ethnographers typically provide: indexical and
iconic. I then demonstrate how the overuse of pseudonyms
prevents researchers from producing indexical accounts and
erodes their ability to produce “good” iconic explanations.
‘Access to Tools’: Access to Backpacking Subcultural
Ideologies and Practices Marko Salvaggio, University of
Nevada, Las Vegas
This paper draws from over a year’s worth of data collected from
a mobile ethnography about backpacking subculture in Central
America. Informed by theories of leisure and tourism and
cultural studies, I examine backpacking subculture whose
members celebrate an ideology of freedom, adventure, and
authentic experiences that are in opposition to mainstream tourist
modes. Yet in the increasingly mobile 21st-century, global
tourism development and its market forces deeply influence
backpackers' practices and the types of experiences backpackers
claim to seek. In this paper, I describe the core tools that
backpackers use to travel independently throughout Central
America for an extended period of time. I specifically describe
how and why the backpack, guidebook, hostel, and local
transportation are core tools central to shaping backpacking
subculture, ideologies, and practices. Since tools open up
options and ideas for people, and ultimately “remake us,” the
tools that backpackers use to travel independently throughout
Central America for an extended period of time also remake their
subculture. As such, the backpack, guidebook, hostel, and local
transportation, each have distinct functions that enable
backpackers to perform their subcultural practices, tasks, and
activities, as well as maintain their shared ideas, ideals, and
beliefs about backpacking. As these core backpacking tools
become increasingly commodified within the context of global
tourism, how and why backpackers use these tools seem to
suggest a contradiction between their backpacking ideologies and
practices. Therefore, I also describe how backpackers negotiate
tensions that arise within their subculture through the use of these
core tools in the face of global tourism.
Discussant:
201. Sexuality, Identity, and Stigma
Sexualities
8:30 to 10:00 am
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Cristen Dalessandro, University of Colorado Boulder
Participants:
Sexuality: Meaning Webs and Their Evolution Dick Skeen,
Constructed meanings change under a variety of social
circumstances. This on-going research project is focused on
what individuals believe shapes and changes their individual
sexuality. With open-ended questionnaires, undergraduates are
being asked to create an accounting of the major life experiences
which they believe helped shape their current sexual-self. In
discussion groups with their peers, students collectively
brainstorm about these factors that have qualitatively effected
changes in their sexual lives. These accountings will be analyzed
using the theoretical framework of Michael Foucault.
In the Eyes of Family and State: How Stigma Affects LGBT
Parents' Decisions Having Children Rafael Joseph Colonna,
UC Berkeley
Drawing on interviews with LGBT identified parents, this paper
explores how anticipated stigma shapes the process of having
children for LGBT families. Although other work has explored
the potential stigma and discrimination embedded in the process
of having children for LGBT prospective parents, this paper
focuses specifically on how families anticipate potential issues
that might come up in the future (e.g., once they are parents and
children are older) and how these concerns influence their family
building choices. Future oriented concerns that influenced how
families planned and acquired children revolved primarily around
two issues. The first set of concerns revolved around maintaining
parent rights and custody of children in the future. Respondents
felt that both their LGBT identities and use of “nonconventional” means for having children, such as adoption and
ART, created a context of legal ambiguity in which their rights
were limited, patchy, and/or ambiguous, leaving them vulnerable
to discrimination. The second set revolved around issues of
social recognition, both from intimates, such as extended
families, and from outsiders, such as acquaintances and strangers.
These concerns shaped a number of prospective parenting
practices including: method for acquiring children; who, if
anyone, among couples carried or provided biological material,
selecting gamete donors and surrogates, adoption criteria, legal
interventions taken, and surname selection for both parents and
children. Overall, respondents made family building decisions by
anticipating how their choices would affect the possibility of
legal or social issues in the future and their vulnerability should
issues arise.
Negotiations of Self and Social Identity in Trans Men’s
Everyday Accounts of Becoming Men Miriam J Abelson,
What does it mean to be a man? This paper argues that the
process of becoming a man is centered on a negotiation between
social identity and self. Being a man, a process fundamentally
shaped by race and sexuality, is a life-long process of learning to
negotiate the expectations of a variety of social contexts in light
of the gendered self. Based on in depth interviews with 66 trans
men, female to male transgender people, in three U.S. regions,
this paper shows that we cannot understand what it means to be a
man without seeing how issues of recognition and authenticity
play out within the contexts of daily life. Recognition as men in
particular organizations, with family, and with strangers provides
an important confirmation of the self in interaction. Once others
saw them as men, trans men reported marked differences in how
they were treated in interaction. Thus, this recognition opened up
new social action that varied based on the particulars of the social
setting and responses of other actors. The narratives of
transgender men illustrate both the possibilities for enlarging and
disrupting narrow social categories of gender as well as the
enduring strength of binary categories as they shape social
interaction in everyday life. This has implications for scholarship
of men and masculinities through challenging essentialist notions
of “man” and extending gender theory by linking gender
processes at interactional and individual levels.
202. Sex, Gender, & Sport
Sport and Leisure
8:30 to 10:00 am
Session Organizer:
Derek Christopher Martin, University of Arizona
Presider:
Janet D Ockerman, Walla Walla University
Participants:
The Representation of Women in Sports Media Jordan Miller,
In this presentation, I report preliminary findings from my
research on inequality in the coverage of men and women in the
sporting world. I perform content analysis on four decades of
articles from the International Review for the Sociology of Sport
to see if there has been an improvement in the amount of
coverage by the media for women in the sporting world. My
research includes print and televised media from multiple
countries to see if there are differences around the world in the
coverage of men and women in the sporting world. I anticipated
that. I would find an increase in the coverage of women’s sports,
however, if it is a significant increase is still an issue that will
need to be addressed in the future.
Gender and Sexuality in Mainstream Media Coverage of the
SOOCHI Olympics Faye Linda Wachs, Cal Poly Pomona;
Sofia Pedroza, California State Polytechnic University
Pomona; Jonatan Castillo, Cal Poly Pomona
Media coverage of sport remains strikingly gender imbalanced
(Cooky and Messner, 2013). The Olympics are one of few
sporting events in which female athletes receive a significant
amount of coverage. In addition, with the furor over GLBTQ
rights in Russia, we explored mainstream US press coverage of
the SOOCHI Olympics. Despite more equitable coverage in
terms of amount, traditional gendered patterns of coverage
continue. Most striking was that these patterns were most
prevalent in gender traditional sports, and in coverage of coed
sports, the coverage was the most progressive. Sports that are
not common in the United States were far more likely to cover
female athletes than mainstream sports, with the exception of
figure skating. In addition, despite the furor over issues relating
to sexuality, the mainstream press was largely silent.
We’re Here and We’re…Queer? The Production of Queer Sport
Spaces within Women’s Roller Derby Suzanne Becker,
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Contemporary women’s roller derby challenges the heterogendering and hetero-sexing of sport and sport spaces. While
roller derby is one of the fastest growing sports in the world and
rapidly gaining mainstream visibility, the tactics, strategies, and
social practices deployed by participants within derby also
position it as an emergent site of queer space and queer
resistance. Drawing from my ethnographic study of women’s
roller derby leagues in the western part of the U.S., I highlight
two ways derby and its skaters perform queer acts that implode
traditional assumptions of gender, sexuality, and ritual, in and out
of sport: The unique derby ritual of derby weddings and derby
wives, and the development of the Vagine Regime, a league
comprised of lesbian, bisexual, queer, and transgender skaters
from the US and abroad. In a culture where female athletes may
still distance themselves from the label of lesbian, use perceived,
if not real, heterosexuality to claim an advantage in the media
and sponsorships, or downplay their commitment to other women
in an attempt to emphasize their own heterosexuality, roller derby
may offer a different type of cultural space in sport by setting a
precedent for openness and acceptance toward sexuality and
gender diversity. In its presentation of a queer positive public
image, women’s derby blatantly challenges heteronormativity of
sporting spaces and the traditional, masculinist model of
aggressive, competitive, consumerist sport.
Roller Derby - Are YOU Woman Enough? Motivations for
Participating in a Gender Deviant Sport Karen Sabbah,
California State University, Northridge
Full-contact sports are often considered masculine and women
who participate in these sports risk being stigmatized. Roller
derby is a full-contact sport. The women who participate deviate
from hegemonic gendered norms and challenge male superiority.
As a result, they often earn labels including masculine, butch or
lesbian. This research examines motivations for participating in
roller derby and how it allows women to challenge traditional
expressions of femininity and masculinity through the sport. To
discover the motivations and allowances, a series of semistructured, face-to-face, in-depth interviews were conducted on
women who are part of the Emerald City Roller Girls (ECRG)
league in Eugene, Oregon. Findings show motivations for
participation are the derby community, the inclusivity of the
sport, positive shift in body image, and derby provides an
alternative lifestyle role than traditional gender roles of wife and
motherhood. Implications of the study findings are discussed,
focusing on the process of self-acceptance and empowerment that
derby girls experience through the derby community and as they
become more immersed in the sport itself.
The feminine taste: The influences of the feminine apologetic
on the eating behaviors of collegiate female athletes
Samantha Fox, University of Northern Colorado
The passing of Title IX opened the door increased equality,
particularly in sport participation between sexes; Title IX also
had a social consequence for these female athletes which is
known today as the feminine apologetic. Due to the conflicting
perceptions of athlete being associated with the masculine and
the females participating in the sport arena, studies showed a
pattern of behaviors where female athletes apologize for their
role in a masculine arena by overcompensating their femininity.
A reason for this behavior stems from the boxes set forth by
societal ideals of hegemonic masculinity and emphasized
femininity, which leaves female athletes with, seemingly,
opposing ideals. However, recently, the feminine apologetic
seems to be nothing more than simply feminine performance.
This study uses a mixed-methods approach to see if the feminine
apologetic, with the addition of eating behaviors as a factor, is
still something collegiate athletes exhibit with non-athletes as a
control group. Statistical analysis, interviews, and content
analysis are used to gather this data.
203. Absence and Loss for Children & Youth
Childhood and Youth
8:30 to 10:00 am
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Participants:
Parental Migration and Left-behind Children’ Health in Rural
China ZEQUN TANG, University at Albany, State University
of New York
In the era of China’s urbanization, more surplus labor force from
rural area flow to non-agricultural industries and work in urban
area. Due to the household registration system and economic and
time restraints, it is usually not feasible for these migrants to take
the whole family with them to live in where they work. Thus
there exists such a population that is left behind in the source
region, among which the left-behind children is of this research’s
interest. According to China’s 6th Census, there are about 61
million left-behind children in rural China, which makes up
21.88% of all children. Apparently, their well-being is significant
to the country’s overall well-being and future development.
Surprisingly, despite of the abundant studies on left-behind
children’s psychological difficulties, academic and behavioral
problems, there has been a lack of study on the physical health
condition of the left-behind children, and even though there is so
much investigation of certain symptoms of distress and
depression of left-behind children, little is known some other
parts of mental health, such as autonomy, which can also be very
important to the explanation of some behavioral outcomes. By
using the data from China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), I
examine the effects of parental migration on physical and mental
health of left-behind children in rural China across gender and
age groups. The models are constructed based on the following
competing theories: attachment theory, which predicts a negative
effect of parental migration on left-behind children's health; the
New Economics of Labor Migration, which expects parental
migration to positively affect children's health through
remittances; social support, which is estimated to function as a
moderating or buffering role to compensate for the loss.
Sibling Relationships and the Lasting Impact of Military
Trauma Lindsey J Ritter, Cal State University San Marcos
Siblings have strong bonds that can last a lifetime. When that
bond is destroyed the effects are long lasting to the surviving
adolescent sibling. Some adolescents that deal with a traumatic
death of their sibling endure many lasting effects and have a
difficult time coping. Sometimes the trauma, reality, and severity
of the loved ones death become too much for the surviving
sibling to endure and they take the most extreme measure and
take their own life. When looking at previous research there are
correlations to birth order, family unity, type of death of the
sibling, and military enlistment. In this current research
interviews were conducted in order to better understand family
dynamics and sibling relationships when there is a traumatic
military death. This research is done to help identify signals with
young adolescent siblings who have dealt with military trauma.
The situation of 0-3 years old children temporarily abandoned
during 2003-2013 Rebeca Popescu, University of Bucharest,
Faculty of Sociology and Social work, Romania
The present work analyzes the situation of children temporarily
abandoned in Romania. The research question seeks to
understand if abandonment favored by poverty or by not taking
on the parenting responsibilities? I use secondary data analysis of
data on institutionalized children and children abandoned in
maternities and hospitals, aged 0-3 years old for the 2003-2013
time series. I hypothesize that the number of child abandonment
and institutionalization is growing as the financial situation
worsens. Child abandonment is not unique in Romania, but has
some specific characteristics determined by the communist
period, respectively by pronatalism followed by massive
abandonment of children in orphanages. The lesson learned after
years of communism led to investing in prevention methods and
in the deinstitutionalization of children in the present, and there
are different legislative provisions meant to help the families,
especially the poor ones for preventing child abandonment.
204. Religion in the Community
Religion
8:30 to 10:00 am
Session Organizer:
Marta Elliott, University of Nevada, Reno
Presider:
Participants:
'I Went Through It So You Don't Have To': Faith-Based
Community Organizing for Ex-Offender Rights Edward
Orozco Flores, University of California Merced; Jennifer
Elena Cossyleon1, Loyola University Chicago
Using ethnographic data from Chicago, this article examines how
former gang members and ex-offenders engage with faith-based
community organizing to expand ex-offender social rights.
Participant observation and interviews were collected at two
sites: Fighting to Overcome Records and Create Equality
(FORCE), a group of ex-offenders and former gang members,
and Community Renewal Society, a larger, diverse interfaith
civic group. Whereas research on the post-incarceration
experience has focused largely on the rehabilitative efficacy of
religion, or critiqued the way in which rehabilitation socializes
ex-offenders as risk-bearing subjects, our findings suggest that
faith-based community organizing can enable political action
expanding ex-offender social rights. FORCE members used
“redemption scripts” (Maruna 2001:97) to engage in
performances of reform and to distance themselves from their
backgrounds, while Community Renewal Society used religious
organizational culture to shape performances into testimonies.
Community Renewal Society provided platforms for testimonies
to enable political action, leading to the passage of Illinois House
Bill 3061, expanding the sealing of criminal records in
employment applications. Thus, religion can reconfigure exoffenders’ relationship with the state in a way which expands
their social rights and makes them less vulnerable to contingent
labor markets.
Faith Based Organizations of Sacramento, CA Santos Torres,
Jr., California State University, Sacramento
Given the large number of religious institutions, such as
churches, temples, synagogues, mosques, etc. as well as
religiously affiliated organizations and institutions (i.e., Salvation
Army, Catholic Social Services, Lutheran Social Services), and
finally, secular organizations whose mission statement espouses
religious or spiritual precepts as their guiding vision, an
empirical study serves to further advance our understanding of
the social service spectrum. It is estimated that in Sacramento
there are hundreds of faith-based organizations (FBOs), but in a
cursory examination of the literature no studies have
systematically collected and analyzed empirical data to make an
accurate assessment. The range and variety of FBOs is expansive
and in need of better understanding relative to the social services
they provide. This study explores the wide array of services
provided, the organizational structure, and the funding streams of
FBOs in Sacramento, CA.
Miracle in the Mojave: Lived Religion at a Las Vegas
Community Garden Tyler S Schafer, University of Nevada,
Las Vegas
Community garden literature tends to emphasize practical
matters like the division of labor, resource mobilization, land
acquisition, and the establishment of rules and regulations. In this
paper I focus on a cultural dimension of urban gardening that
sometimes influences the practical considerations of these
efforts: “lived religion.” In community gardening literature
religion is typically discussed as a source of “community.”
Alongside schools, senior centers, and neighborhoods, religious
groups are a common collectivity that works together to cultivate
urban spaces. I focus on the ways in which individuals
incorporate elements of contemporary spirituality into quotidian,
embodied practices at a Las Vegas community garden. The
incorporation of religious or spiritual objects and practices in
everyday settings helps individuals experience their religious
worlds as real and accessible. Lived, embodied religion is not
simply a matter of translating insights from religious authorities
to one’s daily existence, but also, inversely, of framing everyday,
embodied practices as spiritual. Drawing from three years of
participant observation I illuminate ways in which spirituality
aids in the persistence of a community garden in a city known
both for its harsh physical and social environments. Conversely, I
highlight ways in which perceptions that the garden is “Godpowered” have led to an overreliance on supernatural causes of
progress and prevented investment in infrastructure and outreach.
This research contributes to a growing body of literature on
urban gardens and the social forces that coalesce in these spaces.
It also builds on existing knowledge of embodied spiritual
practices in everyday life.
“Ordinary Radicals” Amongst the Pharisees: How Religious
Progressives Integrate Faith and Politics Todd Nicholas
Fuist, Western Washington University
Recent events, such as the Nuns on the Bus tour, the “Moral
Monday” protests in North Carolina, and Pope Francis’
comments about the inequality of capitalism, have demonstrated
the power of faith-based discourses to challenge social
arrangements, critically interrogate power, and destabilize takenfor-granted identity constructions. Additionally, in each of these
examples, the structural critiques presented by the speaker are
couched in a language of sacred morality and personal
responsibility. This differs from conservative religious
viewpoints that tend to focus exclusively on personal morality as
responsible for social ills, eschewing any structural analysis. In
this paper, I will draw on ethnographic and interview data with
religious progressive communities to examine how they
integrated faith and social justice in their talk. In particular, I will
examine three key ways that faith and social justice were
integrated which recurred across the different communities I
examined. These are: (1) referencing exemplars, (2) theological
application, (3) sacralization. Through examining these
processes, I contribute to our understand of how communities
create the necessary categories of thought for social action.
205. Working: Blueswomen, Strippers and Unionists
8:30 to 10:00 am
Session Organizer:
Marcos
Presider:
Nelta Edwards, University of Alaska Anchorage
Participants:
Inner-City Blues: Black Women, Gender, and Creative Forms
of Labor Alexis McCurn, California State University,
Dominguez Hills
Nearly two years of field research among adolescents and adults
in the Central East neighborhood of Oakland, California provides
an ethnographic account of how young Black women accomplish
the routine tasks necessary for basic survival in poor inner city
neighborhoods. I pay special attention to the particular kinds of
labor Black women do to ensure survival from one day to the
next in this distressed urban neighborhood. Few scholars have
explored the collective experiences of young women living in the
inner city and the innovative strategies they develop to navigate
daily life in this setting. This research reveals how young women
describe the day-to-day work required to survive and stay safe in
poor urban communities as the “grind.” My analysis uncovers the
different types of physical and emotional work young women do
to negotiate the demands of living in underserved communities
regularly exposed to violence. Like young men in the
neighborhood women and girls must contend with
underemployment, poverty, race and class isolation, and regular
exposure to violence. I explain how young Black women and
girls are impacted in very specific ways by these key structural
shifts and as a result of harsh structural conditions negotiate the
daily grind through creative forms of both physical and
emotional labor.
Gender roles in male strip clubs and revue shows Bobbi-Lee
Smart, California State University Dominguez Hills; Joan
Budesa, University of California Santa Barbara
Petersen and Dressel (1982) argue that male strip clubs, "provide
women access to opportunities for commercialized sex-related
entertainment that men commonly have had" (p. 191). They
refer to this as gender-role transcendence. While this can be seen
in male strip clubs and revue shows, gender roles are not
completely switched. Scull (2013) argues that rather than
allowing for gender role transcendence, male strip shows
reinforce the gender roles of larger society. This research
examines the extent of gender role transcendence within male
strip clubs and revue shows. This research found that
Montemurro (2001) is correct in the claim that women may
become sexual aggressors, but still behave in a "ladylike"
manner, which allows the dancers to remain in control. The
methods used to understand these relationships were participant
observation and in-depth qualitative interviews with current and
former male exotic dancers. This research found that gender role
transcendence is only allowed so far as the dancers feel
comfortable and in control. Women as the sexual aggressor is
more of an illusion, than truth as the dancers will reassert their
power should the need arise.
On Du Bois' Concept of the Race/Class Dialectic: the Case of
an AFL Union Michael James Roberts, San Diego State
University
This article draws upon previous scholarly research that
addresses the issue of what David Roediger calls the “dialectics
of race and class” in the work of historian and social theorist,
W.E.B. Du Bois. In particular, this article engages the argument
of Andrew Hartman (2004) that the field of whiteness studies has
failed to adequately address the complexity and significance of
the phenomenon of class within the dialectical configuration of
race and class. In order to address this issue I supplement
Roediger’s thesis that the formation of working-class
consciousness in the U.S. was made possible, in part, through the
social and cultural creation of hierarchically arranged racial
categories, with an historical investigation of how the movement
for racial equality within an AFL union was made possible, in
part, through the discursive creation of class distinction and
hierarchy. I argue for the contingency of the race/class dialectic
by showing that in some cases class solidarity is made possible
through racial distinction, while in other cases inter-racial
solidarity is constructed around class distinction. In this way, this
article supplements Hartman’s argument that the concept of class
requires more attention and nuance in the field of whiteness
studies as well as in studies of racial formations more generally.
206. Politics In And Of Media
Media and Communication
10:15 to 11:45 am
Session Organizer:
Springs
Presider:
Orvic Pada, CSU Fullerton/Claremont Graduate University
Participants:
“It gets tricky.” Hybrid spaces and conservation photography.
Elizabeth Schwarz, UC, Riverside
This study contributes to literature on media production,
activism, and environmental communication by focusing on the
production of visual material by conservation photographers. My
analysis draws from interviews with 33 conservation
photographers to address the following important questions: 1)
How do photographers position themselves as environmental
communicators? and 2) How do photographers position
conservation photography as environmental communication?
Beyond the photographs that are an outcome of their work, the
processes by which photographers make their photographs
become important as well. Conservation photographers draw
from different practices such as journalism, science, and activism
while they work. Some photographers use strategies to blur the
lines regarding who is authorized to speak about the
environment, often positioning themselves and other traditionally
“non-experts” as ideal environmental communicators. Other
photographers strategically position and uphold established
environmental experts such as scientists during their work
processes. Many strategies employed by conservation
photographers position conservation photography as a liminal
space for discussions about environmental issues to occur. These
tactics can create a hybrid space for disparate voices to come
together to address conservation issues but they can also serve to
legitimate established communication practices that may not
encourage the most effective environmental communication.
Most conservation photographers hope that they, and their work,
generate links between major players in environmental debates,
such as scientists, policy-makers, and environmental institutions.
Thinking beyond conservation photography, the findings
highlight the importance of closely examining media production
to reveal the factors that influence the production of visual
material used to communicate about social issues.
The Fix is In: "Conspiracy Theories" in Sports Ginna Husting,
Millikin University; Martin Orr, Boise State University
Documented conspiracies in sports have a long history, and are at
least as old as the Black Sox scandal of 1919. Nevertheless, when
charges of collusion among players, referees, coaches or owners
are leveled, these are often immediately dismissed as “conspiracy
theories.” In this paper we employ sport as a model for the
discursive work performed by the epithet “conspiracy theory.”
Through a content analysis of print media we demonstrate that,
as is the case in politics, the labelling of critics of power in sport
as “conspiracy theorists” serves to deflect criticisms of illegal or
unethical behavior.
What Does She Think? Gender Differences and Gender
Inequality in Elite Political Blogs Eulalie Laschever,
Political weblogs are new sphere for public political debate.
Some speculate that weblogs might offer greater access to
previously excluded voices, but it is unclear whether women
enjoy greater parity than in conventional political journalism.
Furthermore, most research treats the blogosphere as a
homogenous field, ignoring how gender dynamics might vary by
structure or ideology. I analyze original data collected from posts
discussing the Tea Party Movement on 20 elite political weblogs
and four major national newspapers on April 15th-17th 2009.
The 649 blogs posts and 17 newspaper articles analyzed show
that men and women employ different discursive styles and that
gender inequalities are perpetuated. First, women are
significantly underrepresented as authors across all weblogs, but
this discrepancy varies by ideology and structure. Second,
feminine-type discourse, as commonly defined by sociolinguists, is almost completely absent, regardless of a weblog’s
ideology or structure or an author’s gender. But female-authored
posts were significantly longer and included significantly more
pictures. Third, the presentation of gender also differed by
weblog ideology and structure, with gender ambiguity most
common in posts on liberal Community weblogs. Finally, maleauthored posts received significantly more comments than
female-authored posts, meaning that men were better rewarded
for their blogging efforts.
“And now we're on Facebook too”: diasporic communities
online and the future of diasporic discussion forums Gloria
Macri, Dublin City University
Drawing extensively on the scholarship on diaspora, migration
and identity as well as the literature on the new media as a public
sphere, this paper provides an in-depth account into the
formation of diasporic online communities. Using the case
studies of Romanian diasporic communities in Ireland and the
Greater Los Angeles area, the paper explores how members of
the two communities engage with various online platforms in the
process of negotiating and performing their diasporic identities.
The work of Safran (1991), Clifford (1994), Brubacker (2005)
and Tsagarousianou (2004) will be of key importance for this
discussion. Findings presented in this paper show that in the case
of both communities, online discussion forums were among the
first platforms used in order to connect with other Romanians, to
discuss the matters that they considered of utmost importance,
and, ultimately, to create a diasporic community. Particularly in
the case of Romanians in Ireland, the discussion forum acted as a
public sphere (Habermas, 1974) by providing a much needed
space that facilitated the circulation of information and enabled
collective negotiation of cultural meanings and identities.
However, with the growing popularity and increasing
accessibility of Facebook, the last three years have witnessed an
explosion in the number Facebook pages and groups created and
populated by Romanians in both these communities. Hence, this
paper also explores the context in which this shift has occurred as
well as the implications of this “migration to Facebook” for the
formation of the two diasporic communities.
207. Workshop: A Public Sociology of Teaching Social Theory
Teaching Sociology
10:15 to 11:45 am
Session Organizers:
Mridula Udayagiri, CSU Sacramento
Presider:
Participant:
A public sociology of teaching social theory Preston Rudy, San
Jose State University; Mridula Udayagiri, CSU Sacramento
This workshop is aimed to explore how the content of
sociological theory must be effectively reimagined and
reconstructed for sociology majors who populate large public
teaching universities. The realities and experiences of these
students constitute some of the urgent political debates on
inequality and civic engagement. We propose that reimagining
the approach to sociological theory, especially as it is consumed
in comprehensive teaching universities can be effective in
educating students to be civically engaged, It is our contention
that we can use a reimagined sociological theory to help students
meet the goals of liberal learning, i.e. critical thinking and
analytical skills. The workshop will first provide a brief overview
of how sociological theory is delivered to majors in US
universities and identify areas of immediate concern that need to
be addressed. There is an overemphasis on pedagogical strategies
in the scholarship of teaching sociological theory. Most of this
writing focuses on how to make sociological theory relevant and
useful to students by the use of case studies or engaged
scholarship. Within such a framework sociological theory
assumes a static and canonical character. Much of this has been
critiqued and deconstructed in the past two decades. As several
theorists have contended, canon-making is intrinsic to the
structure of science. But using such static, canonical sociological
theory is a futile pedagogical enterprise of major disservice to
sociology majors, especially those who are part of the underresourced state apparatus of education.
208. Voice-Image-Text: Identity Regulation and Political
Subversion through Cultural Criticism
10:15 to 11:45 am
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Andrea Dassopoulos, University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Participants:
Double Negative: Claude Cahun’s Life as Art Kristen
Bernhardt, New Mexico State University
Claude Cahun (nee Lucy Schwob) and her lover and stepsister
Marcelle Moore (nee Suzanne Malherbe) attracted a great deal of
attention when their estate was auctioned off after Moore’s death
and discovered by a private collector. Considered part of the
surrealist movement between the world wars, the two gained
some notoriety during their lifetimes but only for a short period,
and Moore’s role was mostly behind the scenes. Together they
launched a counterinsurgency campaign against the Nazi
occupation of the Isle of Jersey where they retreated later in life,
producing and distributing countless tracts signed “the soldier
without a name,” for which they were eventually arrested and
later released. Cahun’s constantly-changing, androgynous selfportraits and her provocative writing demonstrate her subversion
of gender and sexuality norms. This paper approaches Cahun’s
constant construction, deconstruction, and reconstruction of her
identity through a phenomenological lens drawing on
performative theories of gender and the conception of reality as
socially constructed. The social and historical context of Europe
between the wars was a particularly permissive time for single or
lesbian women, and Cahun’s position as upper-class and welleducated allowed her to exploit her personal freedom and explore
different versions of herself. However, her alignment with the
surrealist movement meant that she was also influenced by the
way she was culturally perceived, and constrained by the culture
of misogyny that permeated surrealism at the time.
Graffiti Walls: Migrant Students and the Art of Communicative
Languages Fernando Rodriguez-Valls, California State
University, Fullerton
Language is one of the vehicles through which high school
students express themselves and make sense of the deeds and
words of others. Students talk with and listen to their peers while
playing outside, having lunch or simply when they move from
classroom to classroom. In contrast, when students enter the
classroom, human communication often turns into strategic
exchanges between teachers and students. Teachers talk to the
students rather than with the students, which somehow impedes
the students’ partaking in the language (Appleman, 2009;
Copeland, 2005). The struggle depicted above increases when
students who are participating in these communicative
interactions are from migrant populations. Their constant
mobility from school to school, from state to state – following
the harvesting seasons – and the Limited English Proficiency
(LEP) of these students add an extra difficulty in the attempt to
reach a common ground where students and teachers might
“speak the same language.” Following the concept of creating
communication across difference, three teachers and a faculty
member, designed an interdisciplinary curriculum that combined
various artistic expressions – poetry, photography, drawing,
painting, tagging, and graffiti – with Language Arts skills. They
designed this curriculum to de(fence) the voices, often silenced
by schools, of forty-two sophomore high school migrant students
attending the 2011 Migrant Summer Academy. In this
presentation, we will analyze the common-core assignments of
this project and how those provided a place to construct
communicative spaces between students and teachers. The model
we will share with the audience is as a tool for fostering critical
and creative thinking, a multidimensional skill that equally feeds
from every subject – Language Arts, Art, Math, Science, Social
Studies – taught at school. Privileging one subject over others
tracks and delimits students’ thinking. Rather let student’s talk,
draw, write, paint and tag so we can see them.
209. Hidden Society: Imposter Syndrome and the Historically
Marginalized College Student
Panel discussion
10:15 to 11:45 am
Session Organizers:
Presider:
Panelists:
Tamara Sniezek, California State University Stanislaus
Rocio Garcia, University of California Los Angeles
Barbara Olave, California State University, Stanislaus
210. The Ethnographer's Circle Workshop II
Ethnography
10:15 to 11:45 am
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Participants:
From mailroom to internship: In between days for the music
industry intern Alexandre Frenette, Arizona State University
The Self, The Gender, The Species at Play: Knowing and
Guessing in a multi-species Ethnography Jennifer Eichstedt,
Negotiating Animal Welfare: Power and Conflict among
Humans at an Animal Shelter Katja Guenther, University of
California, Riverside
211. New approaches to understanding labor activism and
organizing
Labor and Labor Movements
10:15 to 11:45 am
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Participants:
Embodiment, Pain, and Memory in the Experience of Migrant
Domestic Worker Activism in Los Angeles Nancy Perez,
Arizona State University
Today the group that composes the majority of domestic work
and care labor in the United States are migrants coming from
Mexico, Central America, the Philippines, and the Caribbean.
The increasing labor performed by migrants from Mexico and
Central America, for example, has been widely examined in the
spatial context of Los Angeles. This growing interest to domestic
work, as both a labor issue and a source of activism for increased
rights, stems from the organizing, field research and alliance
work by domestic workers who are also contributing to the fight
for immigration rights. The racial and gendered disciplinary
measures that domestic workers experience and the multiple
ways they resist evoke unique narratives of pain that disrupt
representations of migrant bodies as passive victims within
political, international platforms. The theoretical proposition of
this study is that the experience of pain, as it communicates a
narrative that resists conventional paradigms, can allow us to
understand how the body experience is influenced by relations of
domination but also as a condition for possibility. I am interested
in how the body resists localization of pain and rather
rearticulates culture, community, and self, in opposition to how
normalized representations of laboring bodies are
conceptualized—grounded in notions of maternalism, as innately
caring, or always exclusively identified in relation to statesanctioned family structures. One of the goals of this research is
to better understand the complexity of pain and its use in the
production of collective, trans-generational memory within the
growing mobilization for domestic worker’s rights. The objective
is to acknowledge yet offer new conversations around the
embodied experience of workers that disrupts this reductive
narrative and instead emphasizes the contradictions that result
from the ways empowerment is intimately intertwined with other
forms of violence.
Insurgent Drywallers: Mexican Immigrants (Re)imagining the
Workspace through Networks of Solidarity Diego Avalos,
Arizona State University
During the 1990’s Southern California experienced a resurgence
in unionism. Successful campaigns lead by Latina/o immigrant
workers: the Justice for Janitors Strike, The American Racing
Equipment wildcat strike, and the Justice for Drywallers Strike,
became manifestations that countered conventional belief that
immigrants are an unorganizable workforce. While the 90’s is
certainly a historic moment in labor history, this project diverts
from the idea organization is limited to institutions. The project
examines existing mechanisms of organizing among immigrant
workers in the drywall trade to pose the question: how do
workers organize themselves in the everyday to resist and survive
a trade that is casual, decentralized, and deregulated? Through
ethnographic research the project argues Mexican immigrant
workers in the drywall trade use social networks, rooted in
kinship and ties to town in Mexico, as a foundation for building
solidarity among workers. Networks of solidarity serve as means
for survival within the trade. More importantly, the networks
present the possibility to re-imagine the workspace in the trade.
The networks bring together work crews who act as independent
contractors in the informal economy, deciding to work as a
collective rather than replicate the hierarchal structure of the
industry. Workers split wages evenly among themselves and
divide work responsibilities according to their strengths in the
trade. The study argues that networks of solidarity become a
means by which workers organize themselves in nonunion work,
begin to regain control of the conditions of work and the
relationships workers have with one another in the workplace.
Making Weed Work: Unionizing Medical Cannabis Labor in
the 21st Century U.S. City Robert Chlala, University of
Southern California
Who are the “new” medical marijuana workers – and what does
it meant to work in an industry that is at once legal and illegal,
above- and under-ground, and stigmatized and praised? In this
paper, I look at the complex experiences of medical marijuana
workers in Los Angeles, and trace their recent attempts to
unionize. Laborers in this industry have a unique lens on the
complexities of life and work in the “gray zones” of today’s
economy, and ethnographic research into their experiences opens
up new knowledge into the ways in which space, labor and
consumer markets are actively constituted in everyday practices.
This research paper will also delve into how union leaders and
organizers approach this industry and urban policy on the
changing drug economy. As a whole, this research hopes to open
new conversation into what it means to be a worker in the 21st
Century U.S. city – and how urban contexts are vital to the ways
in which we understand ourselves as citizens and political actors.
212. Violence, Race, & Sports
Sport and Leisure
10:15 to 11:45 am
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Douglas Wallace, California Baptist University
Participants:
Examining Violence and Confrontations in the Lives of
Combative Sports Participants Ivan Sanchez, CSU Fullerton;
Michael P. Perez, CSU Fullerton
Sociology of sports literature has found that combat sports are
often sites for the reproduction of violent hyper-masculinity.
Still, there is evidence that combat sports can also be settings for
men to exhibit an inclusive masculinity—a masculinity that is
tolerant towards expressive, alternative, and gay athletic
identities. Ethnographic fieldwork and interviews of a men's
community college wrestling team are examined to explore
factors that contribute to escalations of violence both on and off
the mat. Theoretical considerations are discussed.
Sexual Violence in Amateur Sport in Canada Curtis Fogel,
Lakehead University Orillia
This paper critically examines the processes involved in the
continued perpetration and tolerance of sexual violence in
amateur sport in Canada. Five main types of sexual violence are
explored including: i) athlete perpetrated sexual violence against
women off the field, ii) athlete perpetrated gang rapes, iii) nonconsensual sexual violence against peers during hazing rituals,
iv) sexual assaults perpetrated by coaches, and v) sexual assaults
perpetrated by sports administrators. The empirical basis of this
research includes the examination of over 150 legal case files and
documents, interviews with 59 athletes on their conceptions of
consent, as well as the review of the existing literature on sexual
violence in sport. The central question that guides this research
is: why does there appear to be a disproportionate amount of
sexual violence in sport according to statistical reports?
Televised sport and domestic violence in Canada Philip G
White, McMaster University; William McTeer, Wilfrid
Laurier University
The incidence of domestic violence in relation to sport
spectatorship has been examined by researchers in a number of
countries. These studies have largely focused on a particular
sport event in a specific country, such as the Super Bowl in the
United States and World Cup Rugby in Australia. American
studies have reported on rates of domestic violence in specific
locations (cities) as well as across the nation (various states)
during and after National Football League (NFL) games aired on
Sundays. The findings generally show increases in reported
domestic violence around NFL games. Various explanations
have been offered, including the covariant effect of alcohol
consumption, the associative effects of football and masculinity
verification, elevated competitive tensions, and intrapersonal
levels of confidence and assertiveness. The current study reports
findings on rates of domestic violence in Canada during and after
the television broadcasts of World Cup Soccer (2010), the Super
Bowl (2011-13) and the Stanley Cup (2011-13).
Black Coaches in the NBA and Racial Discrimination Jermaine
Hekili Cathcart, University of California, Riverside
The National Basketball Association (NBA) is seen by many as
the refuge of economic opportunity for highly skilled African
American athletes, coaches, and executives. Yet, there is a
suspicion among many that black coaches are not treated fairly or
given the same opportunities as white coaches. This study seeks
to examine racial discrimination for black coaches in the NBA by
looking at variables such as coaching tenure, the types of teams
and quality of players black coaches are given, contract lengths
and possibility of getting rehired. We predict this study will show
that black coaches are discriminated against it subtle ways that
make their firing or lack of opportunities seem natural.
“All my moves are sharp...boomp, boomp, boomp. Go!”: A
critical media analysis evaluating racial stereotypes in Nike
basketball advertisements Archana Patel, CSUEB
Racial and ethnic stereotypes are associated with various sociocultural groups, with severe implications for those involved in
sports and physical activity (Fitzpatrick, 2011). Furthermore, it
can be argued that these stereotypes surrounding racial and ethnic
behaviors and traits can be found within popular media forms
(Atencio, Chivers-Yochim, and Beal, 2013). Specifically, within
today’s society, African American males are commonly
associated with superior natural athletic talent while Caucasian
males are often considered to be more superior in terms of
intelligence (Fitzpatrick, 2011). Utilizing a critical media
perspective, I thus aim to closely examine how these various
media forms use selectively chosen actors, backgrounds, angle
shots, and musical changes to appeal to the sporting
demographic. In particular, I will examine from a critical
perspective how African American males such as Lebron James,
Kobe Bryant, and Kevin Durant may be deliberately advertised
as cultural heroes, rewarded due to their athletic prowess, but in
ways that could negatively influence youth. My textual analysis
of popular Nike media also raises critical questions about how
these black masculine “success stories” in basketball are framed
in relation to notions of the “white other”. I will thus examine
how these commercials may also depict Caucasian males in
stereotypical roles, with particular consequences. This study will
contribute to sport and leisure studies by providing research
findings of racial stereotypes found within popular sports media
consumed by society.
213. Childhoods and Inequality
Childhood and Youth
10:15 to 11:45 am
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Participants:
(Re)writing Identities: Past, Present, and Future Narratives of
Young People in Juvenile Detention Facilities Richard
Mora, Occidental College; Mary Christianakis, Occidental
College
Using the published work of incarcerated youth in the United
States, this paper explores how the youth creatively constructed
their past, present, and future identities as students, sons, love
partners, siblings, and juvenile offenders. The paper focuses on
how writing transgresses the physical boundaries of confinement,
while simultaneously reifying the centrality of incarceration as a
life-changing experience; an experience had by tens of thousands
of young people in the U.S. year after year. An analysis of
written work published in the publications of InsideOUT Writers,
a non-profit organization that provides creative writing classes to
incarcerated youth in Los Angeles County, CA, indicated that
many youth engaged themselves as objects of study. More to the
point, they studied themselves in: 1) remembered/reconstructed
past interactions and/or contexts; 2) (re)constructed present
contexts; and in 3) imagined future contexts and interactions with
others, including society as a whole. Relying on the literature on
social literacy practices and our sociological understanding of the
self, reflexivity, abjection, and stigma, we argue that incarcerated
youth use their creativity to reflect on their physical confinement
and their lives, (re)inscribe their life narratives, and (re)write
their past, present, and future selves. The paper closes with our
reflection of our nearly five years as volunteer teachers with
InsideOUT Writers.
Having a Hard(d) Time?: Young Peoples' Experiences of
Safety, Regulation, and Place in a Marginalised South Wales
Community Gareth Martin Thomas, Cardiff University; Eva
Elliott, Cardiff University; Martin Innes, Cardiff University;
Gabrielle Ivinson, University of Aberdeen; Emma Renold,
Cardiff University; Eve Exley, Cardiff University; Trudy
Lowe, Cardiff University
This paper reports on a collaborative project with young people
in the post-industrial South Wales valleys (UK) to map their
experiences and perceptions of safety, regulation, and place.
Drawing on 56 qualitative GIS interviews with young people
(aged 14-15), we capture the many issues they encounter –
including public violence, drug use, sexual harassment, racial
hostilities, domestic violence, and adverse environmental
conditions – which prompt or heighten feelings of fear, anxiety,
and danger in their community. However, seemingly counter to
such accounts, young people simultaneously recognize their
hometown as a mostly safe and favorable location. Whilst several
explanations for this are offered, such interpretations are largely
attributable to young people staunchly protecting their muchmaligned community. Whilst recognizing its problems, young
people construct a distinct community identity by emphasizing
the positive elements of community life and condemning the
media for its overwhelmingly damaging and derogatory
depictions of their locale and its residents. In what follows, we
describe how we have balanced this discrepancy – of recognizing
problems whilst not contributing to further stigmatization – in
collaborative work with civil society organizations to address
young peoples’ concerns. To conclude, we contend that coproductive efforts with academic and community partners can
encourage innovative and productive forms of engagement with
young people. Through this, young people in disadvantaged
communities can be provided with the necessary outlets to
articulate needs to public officials, to mobilize their knowledge
and capabilities, and to motivate and empower them to speak out
about the barriers they face in participating as full public citizens.
The Operation of Pro Youth Social Capital in Homeless
Communities Stephanie Anckle, Claremont Graduate
University
This study will examine the practices and policies that support
the academic, health, and welfare needs of homeless young
people, between the ages of 18-24. Current legislation, such as
the Runaway and Homeless Youth Act, and the McKinney-Vento
Act, failed to provide a long-term solution to help homeless
young people at this juncture in their lives. The failure to address
the long-term education, health, and welfare needs of homeless
youth has resulted in this vulnerability among this population,
which have led to poor academic outcomes, inadequate
socialization, and health risks. This study examined the social
capital that provides homeless young people with support and
resources to create positive trajectories into adulthood. The
study examined resources available to homeless youth at the
micro level. Data was collected from youth who reside in Los
Angeles County. The findings of this qualitative study found that
homeless young people form social capital through peer
networks. The relationships formed through friends and
acquaintances provide positive support during short and longterm episodes of homelessness.
Use v. Access: Computing by race, class, and gender Zachary
Paul Davidson, University of Nevada, Reno
Do working-class adolescents use computers in a fundamentally
different way than middle-class adolescents do? Generally,
working-class adolescents use computers in an instrumental way,
and middle-class adolescents use computers in an expressive
way. This is important because computer skills are a critical job
skill in a 21st Century economy. This research differs from
research in the past because it is quantitative, and considers the
intersections of race, class, and gender on computing. The
primary theorist and theory used in this article will be Annette
Lareau and Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race, and Family Life.
The research method that will be used will be a survey of 60
seventh and eighth graders, ages 12-14 in two public junior high
schools, in Reno, NV. One school will be low-income, and one
will be middle-income. The variable, “computer use,” will be
grouped into the attributes, "applications, time, and facility." The
survey will include questions about whether students use, and for
how many minutes, applications like Microsoft Word, Yahoo
Instant Messenger, Google Scholar, and Facebook. A researcher
will conduct the survey verbally to insure the reliability of
answers. The levels of measurement will be nominal, ratio, and
ordinal, respectively. The specific unit of analysis will be class,
and the general unit of analysis will be groups. Because the
research involves minors, a proposal will be submitted to IRB
and parental consent will be obtained from children’s parents.
The advisor to this research is legal psychologist Dr. Monica
Miller at the University of Nevada, Reno.
214. Sociology of Religion I
Religion
10:15 to 11:45 am
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Matt Bahr, Gonzaga University
Participants:
Durkheim and the Genesis of Religion: Some Evolutionary
Clues Alexandra Maryanski, University of California-at
Riverside
How did religion originate? Although unique to humans,
Durkheim remarked that only "nothing comes from nothing." If
so, religion must be the end product of some developmental
process. This presentation surveys the empirical traces of religion
in the fossil, archaeological and in the primate record that made
its emergence possible.
Life After Death: The Last Information Gap - Until Now
Reginald W Bibby, University of Lethbridge; Andrew
Grenville, Vision Critical, Angus Reid Global
In the spring of 2004, we explored beliefs and experiential claims
concerning life after death via representative samples of close to
5,000 people in Canada, the United States, and Britain. We
started with an interest in tracking belief in LAD. We found
much more. What is intriguing is the extent to which people
haven’t given up on the possibility that life continues after death.
What is startling is the extent to which they believe that
individuals who have died are continuing to follow what is taking
place in their lives and – even more – continuing to be in contact.
What is puzzling is that these pervasive beliefs and claims
persist, despite a substantive decline in recent decades in
religious involvement and beliefs in all three settings. Such
findings in countries with very different religious histories
underline a paradox in the Information Age: we know more than
enough about just about everything in life. But we continue to
know very little about life after death. Yet, the beliefs and claims
are far too important and common to be ignored. We conclude
the paper by arguing that it’s time for social scientists to be
among those who take a closer look.
On the Origin of Religion; by Means of Natural Selection
Jonathan Turner, UC-Riverside
Selection is an undertheorized dynamic in human sociocultural
systems. By examining the origins of religion, it is possible to
isolate the three basic types of natural selection relevant to
sociological understandings of the social universe. One type is
purely Darwinian, in which natural selection works on the
phenotype, particularly neuroantomy, of individuals during the
course of hominin evolution, thereby altering the distribution of
genes in the gene pool of a population of individuals. This line of
inquiry allows sociologists to address in a more precise, and in a
less speculative, way the topic of human nature, or the behavioral
propensities of humans that are hard wired into the human
genome and that, to some degree, drive human behavior and
patterns of social organization. The other two forms of natural
selection are relevant for understanding what Herbert Spencer
termed “superorganisms” or the organization of organisms, or in
my terms, sociocultural formations. Spencerian selection occurs
when a population encounters adaptive problems for which there
are no viable variants in the existing sociocultural phenotype and
underling cultural codes; under these conditions actors in
populations either borrow or invent new types of corporate units
to deal with these problems, and if these units are successful,
more such units are developed and eventually integrated into a
population’s institutional systems. The third type of selection is
what I term Durkheimian selection and is, in essence, the
selection evident in such fields as urban ecology, organizational
ecology, and human ecology more generally. Here selection is on
social structures and their cultures that are in competition with
each other for resources in particular niches, with the fit
surviving and the less fit dying off or moving to another niche. In
the context of religion, Darwinian selection allows us to see how
the hominin and then human brains were rewired over millions of
years to make humans capable of conceiving of a universe of
sacred beings and forces in a supernatural realm that are capable
of influencing events in the mundane world and who, by virtue of
these power, require ritualized appeals for their beneficent
intervention in the mundane world. Spencerian selection helps
explain why this capacity for religion became institutionalized in
early societies. And Durkheimian selection allows us to examine
the ebb and flow of religious movements and conflicts during the
subsequent evolution of religions in human societies. This kind
of selectionist approach does not explain everything about
religion or any other subject matter in sociology, but it adds to
explanations and also offers an alternative to what are often
rather naïve efforts of biologists and evolutionary psychologists
to explain sociocultural phenomena.
Prayer, Attachment to God, and Changes in Psychological
Well-Being in Later Life Matt Bradshaw, Baylor University;
Blake Kent, Baylor University; Katherine King, Duke
University
Objectives: Considerable research has examined the relationship
between religion and mental health, with the focus broadening
from organizational religious involvement (e.g., service
attendance) to include private religious practices as well. The
present study builds on this work by investigating the effects of
prayer and attachment to God on psychological well-being
(PWB) in later life. Methods: Using data from two waves of the
nationwide Religion, Aging, and Health Survey (2001, 2004),
OLS regression was used to estimate the associations between
frequency of prayer and attachment to God at baseline with
cross-wave changes in three measures of PWB: self-esteem,
optimism, and life satisfaction. Results: While no meaningful
associations between prayer and changes in PWB were observed,
a secure attachment to God was found to be positively associated
with improvements in optimism, but not self-esteem or life
satisfaction. Results also showed that the relationship between
prayer and PWB was moderated by attachment to God; prayer
was associated with improvements in PWB among individuals
who had a secure attachment to God, but it was associated with
declines among those who were insecurely attached to God.
Discussion: The findings reported here shed light on the complex
relationship between pray and PWB by showing that the effects
of prayer are contingent upon one’s perceived relationship with
God. Implications of these findings for research on the religionmental health connection, attachment theory, and successful
aging are discussed, and an agenda for future research is outlined.
Religion, Politics, and Radicalism: Re-Examining American
Political Tolerance Jacob Armstrong, College of Western
Idaho
In the post 9/11 era, a crucially important question is whether
combating Islamist extremism will entail placing further
constraints on individual liberties like the freedom of speech. In
the 21st century, Islamist extremism emerged as one of the
predominant challenges faced by the United States and other
Western democracies. With the inclusion of a Muslim extremist
target in the GSS 2008-2010 surveys, there is now a Stouffer-like
measure being used in a nationally representative time-series
survey for a group that is politically relevant in the modern
context, and that shares important characteristic similarities with
Communists at the height of the Cold War. In the current study,
we conduct a reanalysis of Stouffer’s (1955) original data, and
compare with data from NORC GSS [1972-2010] in order to
assess levels, trends, and determinants in tolerance from the
McCarty era to the modern-day “War on Terror”. This study
raises and addresses three inter-related questions. First, to what
extent are Americans willing to tolerate (i.e., to grant civil
liberties to) Muslim extremists? Second, are Americans more or
less tolerant of this group than they were in the past of other
groups such as Soviet-backed domestic communists at the height
of the Cold War? In other words, has political tolerance in the
U.S. increased from the Cold War to the "War on Terror" era?
Third, how do people’s religious and political orientations
influence their willingness to grant civil liberties to this dissident
group?
215. Job Context & Organizational Diversity
10:15 to 11:45 am
Session Organizer:
Participants:
Code Blue: Teamwork and the Reproduction of Occupational
Hierarchy in the Hospital E. Carolina Apesoa-Varano, UC
Davis
Over the past two decades, “teamwork” has become a ubiquitous
term to describe health care delivery. In the hospital setting,
teamwork remains a problematic concept, yet a powerful cultural
trope that leaves practitioners to reconcile unfulfilled ideals with
a contradictory reality. Taking as a poignant example the case of
code blue teams, we use ethnographic and focus group data from
mock resuscitation events on a large urban hospital to analyze
how different “team member” groups (e.g. doctors, nurses,
respiratory therapists) enact this ideology when encountering a
dead patient. In this paper, I argue that teamwork is at odds with
organizational mandates and the professional hierarchy that
regulate inter-occupational relations on the floor, which
reproduces a “together but apart” social order. Teamwork, in
turn, becomes an ideologically contested terrain that is
symbolically and behaviorally negotiated around the dead patient
in a way that the formal organizational hierarchy is informally
reproduced through labor process of resuscitation.
How Much Can We Take: Craft breweries explosion and the
power of local markets James Kirkham, Northern Arizona
University
In 1978, Charlie Papazian and Charlie Matzen formed the
American Homebrewers Association (AHA) in Boulder,
Colorado, with the publication of the first issue of Zymurgy
magazine, announcing the new organization, publicizing the
federal legalization of homebrewing and calling for entries in the
first AHA National Homebrew Competition. The Association of
Brewers was later organized in 1983 and included the American
Homebrewers Association and the Institute for Brewing and
Fermentation Studies to assist the emerging microbrewery
movement in US. This paper examines the emergence of the craft
brewery industry and investigates how different breweries
structure their organizations. I use data from the Brewers
Association and from interviews conducted with six local
organizations that fit the definition of a craft brewery. Using
Carroll and Swaminathan’s constructs I investigate six local
breweries in Flagstaff, Arizona, where Northern Arizona
University is located, build individual case studies, and argue for
a general study. I contend that Carroll and Swaminathan’s
theoretical speculations provide an applicable framework and
suggest a methodology to explore the cultural conditions for the
craft brewery explosion across the United States.
The Role of Social Networks in Federal Agency Hiring:
Comparison of Employees from Diverse Backgrounds Arlyn
Yire Moreno Luna, Oregon State University; Deanna H.
Olson, Pacific Northwest Research Station, US Forest
Service; Ken Vance-Borland, Pacific Northwest Research
Station, US Forest Service; Mark Edwards, Oregon State
University, School of Public Policy
Due to past hiring practices, various U.S. federal agencies have
workforces that do not match the diversity of the populations
they serve. The Partnership for Public Service in 2011 found that
United States Forest Service (USFS) ranked number 149 out of
206 agencies in the category of ‘Support for Diversity,’ inspiring
new USFS efforts to promote diversity and inclusion. Little
empirical research has examined the role of personal social
networks during employment processes, and whether or not
understanding such networks might aid outreach and hiring to
achieve a diverse workforce. Our study used survey-based
methods to investigate the potential role of social networks
among USFS employees from underserved and better-served
communities. We randomly sampled and then interviewed 183
employees of the Pacific Northwest (PNW) Research Station of
the US Forest Service, and examined if personal networks were
involved in the processes of getting their job. Our results show
that: 1) males were more likely than females to use non-social
means of finding out about their PNW jobs; and 2) white
employees were more likely to have been informed about their
job by males, and non-white employees were more likely
informed by females. Findings support the role of social
networks in underserved communities for locating federal agency
employment. The theoretical implications of these findings are
discussed.
216. Countermovement Activism and Backlash Politics
12:00 to 1:30 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Sine Anahita, University of Alaska Fairbanks
Participants:
Digital Man Cave: The Neo-Masculinist Movement on the
Internet Sine Anahita, University of Alaska Fairbanks
Social media such as blogs, newsgroups, and bulletin board
services (BBSs), are providing new platforms for new social
movements. As physical public spaces shrink, digital public
spaces have expanded, offering new ways for social movements
to work. In our proposed presentation, we map the neomasculinist movement on the internet. Of particular interest is
how the movement has utilized the internet to elaborate its
ideologies, gain adherents, share strategies and tactics, and create
networks. Our data consist of the text from approximately 50
blogs, newsgroups, reddit subcategories, tweets, and other
digital-based communications related to the neo-masculinist
movement. We argue that there are ideological parallels between
historical anti-feminist backlash movements and the neomasculinist movement that we map in our presentation.
However, we also claim that the neo-masculinist movement
diverges from historical movements due to its digital nature. We
use contemporary social movement theory, such as frame
analysis, social movement identity theory, network analysis, and
political opportunity structure ideas to analyze the neomasculinist movement.
Movement and Countermovement Collection Action Framing
Tactics from the 15 NOW Campaign: A content analysis of
social media Jeff Mitchell, University of Nevada, Reno
How are framing and counter framing tactics used by social
movements to create change and affect media coverage of their
desired issues? Although there has been research on this topic in
the past on more traditional forms of media such as newspapers
and nightly TV news, there is a gap in the literature in the wake
of technological advancements like blogs, social media and other
online sources. This study will be a content analysis of the
messages that were produced during the 15 NOW campaign in
Seattle, Washington. It will analyze the framing messages
produced by both the 15 NOW campaign and their opponents,
Sustainable Wages Seattle (SWS) and Forward Seattle (FS), to
measure how those messages fit into diagnostic, prognostic and
motivational sub-frames within the larger collective action
master frame (Benford and Snow 2000). This study will model
the content analysis fundamentals set out by Holsti (1968) and
followed up more contemporarily by Rohlinger (2002). It
represents a deductive form of reasoning drawing from collective
identity frameworks (Benford and Snow 2000) to conceptualize
movement frames. It also incorporates movementcountermovement theoretical perspectives from Meyer and
Staggenborg (1996).
Mobilizing Support and Opposition: Tea Party Movement
Activity and the 2010 Election Burrel James Vann,
I consider the role social movement activity plays in voter
turnout and vote shares in the 2010 Senate election. I argue that
varying numbers of Tea Party organizations provide different
contexts for the movement to encourage educated (critical) and
responsible voting amongst potential voters. Tea Party rallies, as
public displays of contention, help to increase public awareness
of the movement’s issues and goals. In multivariate analyses, I
show that in communities where Tea Party mobilization is
strong, the percentage of the total vote for Republicans is strong,
but Republican voter turnout is weak. This demonstrates that in
these contexts, although Tea Party messages about responsible
voting were strong enough to pull voters away from the
Republican Party, overall Republican support was strong. Rallies
are a strong predictor of not only Republican voter turnout, but
voter turnout for all parties. However, rallies are related to
substantial decreases in the percentage of the vote for Republican
candidates by way of backlash from non-Republican voters.
The Tea Party Movement's Impact on the 2016 National
Election Zachary Paul Davidson, University of Nevada,
Reno
Will the Tea Party Movement (TPM) have a significant impact
on the 2016 national election? After a significant decline in
popularity and support in the 2014 midterm election, the TPM
will experience a resurgence in 2016 fueled by a backlash against
conservative Republicans and liberal Democrats. The TPM is a
radical and reactionary group, that if gains power will
dramatically change U.S. social welfare policy. Many articles
will be reviewed relating to the TPM and White nationalism,
media coverage, and the social movement life cycle. A secondary
analysis will be conducted on campaign contributions, public
opinion polls, and candidate affiliations to learn whether the
TPM is gaining or losing economic, public, and political support
approaching the 2016 election. The advisor to the research is
political sociologist Dr. Clayton Peoples at the University of
Nevada, Reno. The main theorists and theories used in the
research will be David S. Meyer and political opportunity, and
John McCarthy and Mayer N. Zald and resource mobilization.
The Tea Party Movement includes activists and legislators. The
main impact is the level of funding for TPM candidates for
national office, influencing the legislative agenda through
signaling of popular support, and candidates aligning themselves
with the TPM. The campaign finance data will come from the
Federal Election Commission disclosure database (which does
not include political action committee contributions), the public
opinion polls will come from Gallop, and candidate's affiliations
will come from an original content analysis of candidate
statements on campaign websites and TV and print interviews.
217. Sociology of Memory: New and Classical Conceptualizations
of Memory, Personal or Commodity, Public or Private?
12:00 to 1:30 pm
Session Organizer:
Noel Packard, N/A
Presider:
JACOB A. MILLER, European Graduate School
Participants:
Early and Chronic Life Stress and Lasting Impairments in
Learning and Memory Processes: Social Implications Justice
Castaneda, UCSF; Wyatt Potter, Neuroconsulting, LLC
Information, Appropriation, Value and Questions Noel Packard,
N/A
The Management of Memory Among Older Americans Living
Alone with Cognitive Impairment – A Pilot Study Elena
Portacolone, University of California San Francisco
Discussant:
JACOB A. MILLER, European Graduate School
218. Immigration and International Issues in Education
12:00 to 1:30 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Participants:
Attitudes of Parents of Scheduled Tribes and Non Scheduled
Tribes towards the Education of their children. (With the
Reference of Gujarat State in India) Jhaver Chhotu Patel,
Gujarat University Ahemdabad India
Key Words: Parents, Scheduled Tribes, Non Scheduled Tribes,
Family, Social Attitudes, Social Background, Values etc. In the
traditional Indian society education was not open to everybody
but was ascribed to certain caste. As such the parents had no
choice in deciding what education should be given to their
children. It was decided by the community by custom. In the
modern urban and industrial era in education the parents have a
choice. They are free to educate their words as they like. And
most of the time children spend with their parents at home. As
such the influence of the family as socialize of its young is very
great. Infect parents are important socializing agents of the
children. The parents of children are found in differences like
education, occupation, religion, values, attitudes, and modernist
etc. so it is necessary to study the parents of the students as an
important factor influencing the achievement and aspiration of
children education. Objectives The study focuses on
differentiation between ST’s and Non ST’s education,
occupation, religion, values, attitudes and modernism etc. and
find out achievement and aspiration of education of their
children. Methodology This study is empirical as well as
descriptive analytical and comparative. It aims to explain who get
more education and how. The sample selection was identified by
three important variables population, education and region and
then 1074 parents from ST and 462 from Non ST were selected
as sample. There were found some differences between ST and
Non ST regarding the occupation, service, type of house,
physical facilities, school of children, expenditure towards
education, tuition fees, problems in admission etc.
Brain Drain in Iran: Iranian students' reasons for permanent
immigration to USA �Elham Hoominfar, Utah State
University
Throughout history, migration of people from one place to
another has played an important role in human development, and
progress is indebted to this population displacement. However,
the nature of the immigration has been changed by the current
global situation. One of the important problems of developing
countries is the increasing migration of skilled laborers and elites
to developed countries. Iran has a high level of brain drain.
According to IMF statistics (2012), annually between 150 to 180
thousands educated Iranians leave Iran and Iran, in terms of brain
drain, rates first place in developing countries .There are many
Iranian students in the U.S that have lived away from Iranian
society for many years. This research is interested in knowing
whether those students are willing to return to Iran after
graduation. Also, the research would like to know about their
concerns and plans for Iran and understanding the nature of these
programs and their relevance to the needs and requirements of
Iran. The main objective of this research is to understanding the
reasons that Iranian students have for immigrating to the USA
and their plans for the future. This study is based on the theory of
attraction and repulsion. It used the system approach of Jennissen
(2002) and Lee (1966) regarding the formation and continuation
of the brain drain phenomenon as a structural problem in Iran. In
this theory, the migration of specialists is both the direct and
indirect product of interactions between economic, social,
political and cultural factors
The Effect of Unrestricted Immigration on Schools in Miami,
Marseille, and Dublin Joel Fetzer, Pepperdine University
Popular rhetoric claims that because of immigration, native
schoolchildren have “no room to learn” and educational
standards are being “dumbed down.” Yet relatively few
empirical social scientists have examined whether immigration
actually causes school overcrowding. A larger group of
statistically oriented scholars has examined migration and
academic achievement, but they tend to focus more on how well
migrant students do in school than on whether immigration hurts
native children in the same district. The smaller pool of
investigators who have looked at this latter question usually aim
to test the “peer effects” theory of immigration effects but often
are confronted with the serious methodological problem of
endogeneity via immigrant and native self-selection into
particular districts. To estimate the largest-possible immediate
effects of various types of migrants on the degree of
overcrowding and academic achievement in secondary schools in
large cities in particular, this essay therefore analyzes official
over-time classroom-density and test-score data from three
natural experiments where immigration is clearly exogenous to
the choice of school district: the arrival of the Mariel Cubans to
Miami, Florida, in 1980; the influx of Pieds-Noirs and Harkis
“repatriates” from Algeria into Marseille, France, in 1962; and
the migration of new European Union citizens from Eastern
Europe into Dublin, Ireland, in 2004. Based on interviews with
teachers and school officials, examination of archival materials
from relevant institutions, and quantitative panel analysis of
educational and census data, my study concludes that the rapid,
“uncontrolled” migration of immigrant secondary-school
students does seem to have temporarily increased classroom
density in all three cities. However, the sudden arrival of schoolage immigrants does not appear to have substantially affected the
overall test scores in these districts. Theoretically and
empirically, this investigation helps estimate the upper bounds of
the possible education-related effects of rapid, unrestricted
immigration into an urban area and disconfirms an immigrationbased “peer effects” model of academic achievement. Though
massive immigration does not necessarily cause a decline in
student learning, it may boost classroom overcrowding in the
first few years after the migrants’ arrival.
Discussant:
219. Bronies, Mean Girls and Urban Ink: Gender and Sexuality
in the American Cultural Industry
12:00 to 1:30 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Katherine Everhart, Northern Arizona University
Participants:
"I can't be your wife:" Gender and the Cultural Double Standard
in American High School Films Robert Bulman, Saint
Mary's College of California
This research is based on a content analysis of 141 American
films about high school. One hundred four of these films feature
mostly middle-class students in public suburban schools and
thirty-seven of the films feature mostly poor and working-class
students in public urban schools. Building upon my previous
research about what high school films reveal about American
cultural understanding of education, adolescence, and social class
(Bulman, 2004) I offer a preliminary analysis of what these films
also tell us about gender in American culture. Just as I have
previously used Bellah, et. al’s (1985) argument about the
importance of utilitarian and expressive individualism in
American culture to explain class differences in American high
school films, I apply these theoretical concepts to explain the
different ways in which men and women are depicted in these
films. For the “urban school” films I focus on gender variations
among teacher-heroes and for the “suburban school” films I
focus on the gender variations among student-heroes. In both
cases I find evidence for a cultural double-standard. In the urban
school films women are not allowed to have both successful
professional and domestic lives. They must choose between
utilitarian and expressive individualism. In the suburban school
films young women are expressive individuals as are the young
men. However, the young men are given much more freedom
with which to express their identities. The expressive identities of
the young women, by contrast, are limited by their relationships
with men.
The Manhood of Brony-dom: Conceptions of Masculinity
Among Male Fans of My Little Pony Patricia E Literte,
California State University Fullerton; Caralou Rosen,
California State University Fullerton
This study investigates how male participants in the Brony
subculture construct multiple masculinities and understandings of
sexuality. “My Little Pony” is a popular toy line that emerged in
1983 and included a variety of ponies of different colors and
“personalities.” The original toy line ceased production in 1995.
However, a more contemporary version of “My Little Pony” has
recently emerged with the cartoon television show “My Little
Pony: Friendship is Magic”. The typical demographic for this
television show is girls, ages 5-13. However, the show
unexpectedly fostered an adult male audience, which has
contributed to the creation of a Brony subculture. This research
examines how and why men are fans of the show and participate
in the Brony subculture. Particular attention is paid to the
relationship between participation in the fandom and these men's
understandings, conceptualizations, and enactments of
masculinity.
The Process of Co-optation: Presentation of Beauty and Body
Types in Tattoo Magazines Deborah Louise Burns, Iowa
State University
In the past, tattooing was viewed as primarily an unacceptable
and deviant practice in the United States. However, this has
largely changed and the current views on tattooing have
broadened to span those who still view it as a generally deviant
practice to a widening group who see it as an acceptable form of
expression, pride and art. One reason for the possible change in
attitudes towards tattooing in the United States is due to its
exposure and integration into mainstream culture through mass
media. One of the more obvious indicators that tattoos are a part
of the social mainstream is its prevalence in mediated popular
culture. Although the members of the tattooing subculture may
see the broadening acceptance of tattooing as positive, there are
also some concerns about the potentially negative aspects that
may accompany US “mainstreaming” or co-opting of tattooing as
an acceptable practice. This study is concerned with the potential
gendering effects on tattooing practice and media representation,
given how gender has traditionally been perceived and presented
by mainstream media. This study examines the presentation of
beauty and body types based on gender in current popular
tattooing magazines. The results of this study show support for
the hypothesis that popular tattoo magazines present gendered
images, where women are more likely to be presented with
emphasis on physical appearance and mainstream body types and
men are more likely to be presented with emphasis on more
neutral tattoo-as-art emphasis and alternative body types.
220. What Influences Underrepresented Student Success?
12:00 to 1:30 pm
Session Organizer:
Megan Thiele, SJSU
Presider:
Participants:
Community Cultural Wealth and Latina/o College Choice: The
Role of a College Access Program Brianne A Dávila,
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona; Roseanne
Macias, California State University, Dominguez Hills
This research draws upon community cultural wealth (Yosso,
2005) and qualitative research methodology to address the role of
a college access program in shaping Latina/o college choice. This
study examined how Willamette Academy, a college access
program, was instrumental in helping students draw on their
community cultural wealth and navigate the college preparation
process as they made their college choice. Latina/o students’
college choice is influenced by a variety of factors, namely
campus racial demographics and financial barriers. Willamette
Academy supported students through this process by expanding
their social networks and ability for self-advocacy.
Sibling Social Capital and College Success among
Underrepresented Students Wendy Puquirre, University of
California, Merced; Irenee R. Beattie, University of
California, Merced
Research in the sociology of education has long stressed the
academic benefits of social capital in households with collegeeducated parents. This explanation, however, offers little insight
for understanding the academic success of underrepresented
students, including Latinos, African Americans and first
generation college students. Drawing from social capital theory,
this study examines the effect of an additional source of social
capital that may facilitate college success for underrepresented
students: sibling social capital. We expect that having an older
sibling who attended college and talking to them about
educational matters will prove especially beneficial for
underrepresented students’ college achievement, engagement,
and persistence compared to their overrepresented peers (whites,
Asians, and continuing generation college students). Using the
Social Interactions and Academic Opportunities Survey, with a
random sample of 401 undergraduates attending a Hispanic
Serving Institution, we use OLS and Logistic regression
predicting college success. We measure sibling social capital in
two ways: 1) whether or not an older sibling attended college
and 2) the frequency and topics of educationally relevant
conversations the younger sibling reports having with their older
sibling while in college. Preliminary results indicate that sibling
college attendance and educational discussions have positive
effects for Latino and African American students compared to
overrepresented groups. Focusing our analysis on typically
marginalized students may reveal tools for success that have been
previously overlooked by social capital studies and studies on the
academic achievement of underrepresented groups.
The Effects of Biculturalism on American Indian College
Students’ Adjustment and Success Machienvee Lammey,
New Mexico State University; Sandra Way, New Mexico
State University
American Indian students tend to have low college retention and
graduation rates compared to other minority ethnic groups in the
country. While there is a dramatic increase in undergraduate
enrollment rate (from 70,000 in 1976 to 176,000 in 2008), only
15 percent of American Indians/Alaska Natives adults are
reported to have completed a bachelor’s degree in 2008
according to the National Center for Education Statistics. Given
the uniqueness of American Indian students’ historical and sociocultural experiences, several studies have suggested different
psychosocial and cultural factors affecting their academic
persistence. One potential, yet understudied factor is the notion
of biculturalism. Biculturalism occurs when individuals adopt
dual cultural identities and employ competencies and skills
drawn from both the dominant and minority cultures. While
biculturalism has been examined in other contexts (i.e. in relation
to psychological well-being,), there is a paucity of research
studies that focus on its effects in college adjustment and
achievement. This study seeks to fill this gap by examining data
collected from 155 American Indian college students at a
midsized, southwestern university. To measure the levels of
biculturalism among the students, we use Oetting and Beauvais'
(1991) Bicultural Ethnic Identity Scale. Correlation, multiple
regression, and logistic regression analyses will be employed to
examine the effects of biculturalism on students' college
adjustment (i.e sense of belonging, perceptions of cultural fit,
university environment, and etc.) and success (i.e. GPA and
graduation).
The Top 2%: Former foster youth and making it at a four-year
university Julianne M Smith, UC Davis
Previous research has shown that former foster youth have
significantly lower educational attainment than their same aged
peers in the general population. While there is a breadth of
literature on the educational attainment of this population in the
social work and education disciplines, sociological research on
this population is lacking. Moreover, research on the academic
pursuits of former foster youth has been mainly quantitative and
has failed to make first-hand student accounts central to its
analyses. Drawing on data from a yearlong qualitative study of
former foster youth at a large research university in California,
this paper explores how these students come to understand
academic and personal success in the field of collegiate
achievement. I find that former foster youth arrive on campus
with a gap in the basic adult competencies that children generally
acquire by emulating adults around them, most notably, their
parents. I argue that former foster youth must identify and deploy
attitudes, dispositions, and behaviors valued by the privileged
classes in order to thrive in the college environment. The
purposeful acquisition of cultural capital allows former foster
youth to distance themselves from the “ward of the state” identity
and realign their self-image with their collegiate surroundings.
These findings contribute to theories of social and cultural
reproduction by illuminating the ways in which post-secondary
educational institutions legitimize certain class-specific acquired
capacities by treating them as intrinsic traits.
From the Fields to College: An Analysis of College Aspirations
Among Latino Farm Workers rodolfo rodriguez, California
State University, Sacramento
Access to resources that help shape aspirations to go to college is
not as readily available to all students; the exposure to these
resources is dependent on an individual’s social location and
characteristics. According to Bourdieu (1993), the knowledge
attained in primary and secondary educational institutions is an
important indicator of educational achievement. This study
applied Bourdieu’s social and cultural capital theory to examine
the decisions of Latino students and non-students to pursue a
post-secondary education, specifically those with farm working
backgrounds. The researcher conducted seven in-depth
interviews and found that although all participants identified a
support network, only those who had been involved in a
structured college-preparation program attended a four-year
university. Furthermore, participants who did not attend college
cited other reasons for choosing not to enroll, including financial
reasons, pressure to work, and gender expectations.
Discussant:
221. The Ethnographer's Circle Workshop III
Ethnography
12:00 to 1:30 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Participants:
Constructing Testimonies from Narratives: How faith-based
community organizing shapes ex-offender civic engagement
Edward Orozco Flores, University of California Merced;
Edward Orozco Flores, University of California Merced
Multiple Dimensions of Subordination: Masculine
Compensatory Strategies among Sex Workers Sharon
Oselin, University of California Riverside
Violence and the Forging of Black and Brown Identity in South
Central Los Angeles Cid Martinez, University of San Diego
222. Narrating Identities: Place and Context
12:00 to 1:30 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Participants:
Place as Archive, Interactant, and Memory: How we
Narrate/Perform Place and Self Ginna Husting, Millikin
University
Place as Archive, Interactant, and Memory: How I
Narrate/Perform Place and Self Ginna Husting with Ken
Laundra, Sammy Smalley, This project is an ongoing,
collaborative project exploring self and power in relation to space
and place. I use walkalong interviews with diverse kinds of
people who inhabit two college campuses to map everyday
places and how they intersect with memory and emotion and
performance of identity. Much of the current literature on place
and power, especially outside of sociology (Nigel Thrift's work,
for example), focuses on large-scale, collective constructions of
place and collective identities (nation, race, ethnicity, large
subcultures); but a symbolic interactionist view of power asks us
to think about the micro-places which become become part of our
performances of self and constructions of inequality over time.
This project and interviews pointed to a fairly large gulf between
our localized, individual stories of particular micro-places and a
very ‘macro’ set of theories aimed at mapping large phenomena
(the machinery of imperialism, for example). The project builds
a provisional passage over that gulf, exploring how everyday
people use everyday places in powerful, storied ways. The data
so far point to the following themes: belonging and exclusion
happen in part through a process of physical and symbolic emand dis-placement; and the “ghosts of place” (following Michael
Bell's work in rural sociology). I find a series of recurrent
physical, symbolic, and social mechanisms by which places are
defined, stabilized, or redefined, and people made welcome or
unwelcome within the borders of campuses—across race,
sexuality, gender, language, class, nationality, and physical
ability. Participants’ sense of belonging, their like and dislike of
place, are contingent upon: the physical alteration, destruction,
and rebuilding of place; the symbolic processes of naming,
defining, or neglecting spaces; and the means by which
respondents were acknowledged or recognized socially and
interactionally by others who claim space. How do people
identify or dis-identify with space, and how do they live,
perform, narrate that? How are they haunted by place, or how is
place haunted for them? These are themes this presentation will
address.
Navajo Native American: Ethnic Identity and Cultural Identity
jolene cun, CSU Dominguez Hills
An individual’s ethnic and cultural identity is important because
it defines who a person is. Navajo Native American ethnic and
cultural identity is attached in a deep emotional bond with the
land base and may explain how some were able to keep their
unique identity intact, while others distanced themselves from
their Native American identities. Also, Navajos have assimilated
to the dominant culture, which in our society, the American
culture. This research shows how the Navajo Native Americans
defined their ethnic identity and cultural identity. The methods
used in this research were in-depth interviews of twenty-two
participants, both male and female from Shiprock, New Mexico.
The interviews consisted of open-ended questions relating to
ethnic and culture, such as, traditions, values, ethnicity,
assimilation and language. The results showed how each Navajo
Native American defined their ethnic identity and cultural
identity with the in-depth interviews. This study focused on how
Navajo Native Americans currently define their identity and
shows how different generations define who they are, ethnically
and culturally. This research will also try to find common factors
that affect ones identity and this can be beneficial to the Navajo
Native Americans as it will allow them to question their ethnic
and cultural identity.
Glen Haven Strong: Identity in the face of natural disaster.
Jeffrey A. Houser, University of Northern Colorado
The floods of September 2013 reshaped the canyons and streams
of Northern Colorado. Rivers run where homes once stood,
roads and bridges were washed away leaving many who live in
small mountain communities stranded while awaiting evacuation.
While much has been made of the speed with which federal, state
and local agencies have rebuilt the infrastructure to allow
displaced residents to return to their homes, little mention has
been made of the efforts mountain communities have undergone
to rebuild their sense of identity and place. This research in
progress focuses on one such community, Glen Haven, Colorado.
Over 80% of Glen Haven’s small business center was swept
away by the raging flood waters, 15 homes were destroyed, and
90% of the residents of Glen Haven were forced to abandon their
homes for months—with some still unable to return. In short,
Glen Haven was lost, her commerce shut down, her roads in
ruins, her residents displaced and scattered. Yet in just over a
year since the disaster Glen Haven has undergone a seemingly
impossible resurgence, not in terms of repairing the physical
damage caused by the disaster, but in terms of what Glen Haven
means to her residents—their sense of civic pride, their resilience
in the face of overwhelming challenge, their sense of community
and identity. This research stems from the first hand experiences
of the author, a resident of Glen Haven, and his interactions with
members of the community as they rebuild, reshape and restore
Glen Haven.
A Social Psychological Examination of Deaf Identity Processes
Michael J. Carter, California State University, Northridge
In this study I use a social psychological framework to better
understand Deaf identity processes, specifically the influences
and outcomes of Deaf identity centrality. A new measure of Deaf
identity centrality is introduced, based on a derivation of the
Multidimensional Inventory of Black Identity centrality scale. An
online survey was administered to 329 d/Deaf individuals.
Results show that age, severity of hearing loss, age one became
d/Deaf, communication method, and the communication method
used in elementary school all influence d/Deaf individuals’
degree of Deaf identity centrality. Results also show that the
higher a d/Deaf individual’s degree of Deaf identity centrality,
the higher their self-esteem, the greater their degree of selfconcept clarity, and the more comfortable they feel around others
who are d/Deaf. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Who IS a Derby Girl? The Significance of a Derby Identity
Karen Sabbah, California State University, Northridge;
Michael J. Carter, California State University, Northridge
Roller derby has become a world-wide sensation since its
resurgence in 2001; presently over 34,000 female players
participate in derby leagues across the globe. This research
examines the social construction and development of the roller
derby identity, and how the derby identity becomes a salient
identity within the self-concept. To discover how derby players’
identities change as they become more involved in the sport, a
series of semi-structured, face-to-face, in-depth interviews were
conducted on women who are part of the Emerald City Roller
Girls (ECRG) league in Eugene, Oregon. Findings show that the
derby identity manifests in derby athletes as either an alter ego,
an extension of one’s personality, or the realization that one’s
alter ego has transitioned into an extension of one’s personality.
Implications of the study findings are discussed, focusing on the
process of identity change and empowerment that derby
participants experience as they become more immersed in the
sport of roller derby.
223. 2016 Program Committee Lunch and Meeting
Committee meeting
12:00 to 1:30 pm
Session Organizers:
224. Identity & Meaning in Sports & Leisure
Sport and Leisure
12:00 to 1:30 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Participants:
Re-Imagining Leisure for the Twenty-First Century Tony
Blackshaw, Sheffield Hallam University, UK
Leisure comes into its own as the form of life practice par
excellence in the twenty-first century. Building on Peter
Sloterdijk’s assertion that modern men and women are not so
much thrown into the world as make themselves through
anthropotechnics, this paper argues that in the twenty-first
century we see ourselves as ‘beings for whom being is a
question’ who want to determine our own worlds rather than
have them determined by the economic, political or social
situations in which we find ourselves. Just as producer
modernity stood cognitively under the sign of the work ethic
(homo faber) and the false promise of the coming leisure society
(homo ludens), twenty-first century modernity presents itself
under the sign of ‘Mußt dein Leben ändern’ (‘You must change
your life’). Men and women (homo repetivivus) today are not
interested in the ‘innerworldly asceticism’ identified by Max
Weber or the kind of leisure that took place in the shadow of it,
but in anthropotechnics: norms and networks of cognitive,
physical and social training and discipline through which we live
our lives and construct our worlds in the face of the uncertain
risks presented to us by modern living and the certainty of death.
Uses of leisure are primary spheres of anthropotechnics and these
(rather than work) become the test of our will, the measure of our
concentration, and the personal litmus test of our self-worth. As
this paper demonstrates when we engage in leisure, we perceive
that we can become ourselves, in a radical way.
Cultural Ethnography of Recreational Salmon Fishers in
Washington and Alaska Janet D Ockerman, Walla Walla
University
This research reports the findings and conclusions of a cultural
ethnography spanning a ten year period of participant observation
of recreational Salmon Fishers in the waters of Washington and
Alaska. The researcher utilized a symbolic interactionist
perspective throughout data collection and analysis.
Conclusions describe the practice of the sport as similar to the
stages of a military campaign.
Exploring Open Mixed-Sex Sport: The Experiences of
Equestrians Linda Henderson, St. Mary's University College,
Calgary
Feminist and sport scholars are interested in the issue of how
“sex” affects sport participation. One topic related to this interest
is mixed-sex sport; sporting events or activities where men and
women compete together and against each other. Although there
are numerous examples of mandated mixed-sex sport, that is
where a certain number of men and women compete against
other men and women (as in mixed-doubles in tennis and pairs
figure skating), competitive equestrian events appear to be “sexblind” – that is men and women seem to be competing as total
equals. Using data from semi-structured interviews with 30
competitive equestrians conducted in July 2014, this paper
explores the notion that male and female riders are competitive
equals. The findings reveal some interesting and unexpected
answers and sex-related stereotypes.
Frontstage, Backstage at The Gun Range Daniel James
Krystosek, University of Nevada, Las Vegas
This study employed ethnographic fieldwork guided by
dramaturgy to examine and explore a tourists’ shooting
range/retail store located in Las Vegas, Nevada which advertises
the ability to shoot a real machinegun. The attraction blended the
sport of shooting weapons with other performance elements to
entice tourists. The purpose of my research was to examine and
explore the roles actors and audience portrays at an indoor
shooting range/gun store which promotes itself as a tourist
attraction. Using grounded theory allowed me to interpret
patterns, themes and common categories evident in the actors and
audience members’ behavior. Results show the performances at
The Gun Range can be classified into three major themes: The
Expert Performance (both employees and customers display their
advanced knowledge of guns and shooting), The Hero
Performance (the actors wanted to save the hostages printed on
the target) and The Hangover Performance (the fulfillment of
being tourists in Las Vegas, able to party and have a crazy time).
Sport Studies Programs and Sportsmanship Tim Delaney, State
University of New York at Oswego
"Sport Studies Programs and Sportsmanship" Tim Delaney State
University of New York at Oswego Sport studies programs are
rapidly growing in popularity across the United States and
throughout many parts of the world. Sport Studies examines
sports in the contexts of historical and contemporary culture and
scrutinizes sport's cultural relationship with education, the
economy, families, the media, politics, and considers race, class
and gender differences and so on in the sport experience. The
interdisciplinary design of sports programs allows for an
examination of sport in both a global and local context and
fosters a spirit of inquiry and calls on students to broaden their
perspectives. Sport studies programs are also designed to expand
the student's knowledge of sport by presenting empirical data,
theoretical inquiry, and a multi-disciplinary analysis to what is
known about the social arrangements within and around the
sports world. In this paper, the idea of promoting sportsmanship
as a central theme of sport studies is proposed. While the concept
of "sportsmanship" is well known to us all, its parameters seem
to fit into gray areas which lead to different definitions and
different interpretations as to what constitutes proper play
behavior. The beauty of combining sportsmanship with sport
studies programs rests with its ability to more closely exam the
ideals of good sportsmanship.
225. Self and Place for Children & Youth
Childhood and Youth
12:00 to 1:30 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Participants:
Joining the Spectrum: Neurodiversity on the Stage David
Boyns, California State University, Northridge; Ah-jeong
Kim, California State University, Northridge; Christopher
Lawrence, California State University, Northridge; Sarah
Stembridge, California State University, Northridge; Vincent
Torres, California State University, Northridge
During June and July of 2014, the Joining the Spectrum youth
theatre conservatory was held. A theatre production called
Joining the Spectrum was planned, rehearsed and performed
during this conservatory and resulted in five performances. The
production was a big success and each performance was sold out.
The participants in the production were a combination of youth
on the autism spectrum and neurotypical youth who do not have
an autism diagnosis. Almost 30 youth participated in the
production. In total, we collected rich pre/post questionnaire and
observational data from these youth. The tested concepts are
framed by the positive psychology literature. Preliminary
analyses for the youth on the spectrum show increases in areas of
self-esteem, empathy, and friendship quality. Implications for
this research are twofold. For one, it provides empirical support
for neurodiverse interventions, i.e., an effort to remove any
stigma attached to autism spectrum disorders as well as promote
inclusion of these individuals with their neurotypical peers.
Second, it provides evidence for the function of theatre in
building community among seemingly disparate groups.
‘Successfully’ Failing to Launch: ‘Adultness’ in an Age of
Economic Uncertainty. Jaye Cee Whitehead, Pacific
University
The number of young Millennials (18-24) living in the natal
home has reached a level higher than Americans have witnessed
in four decades (Fry 2013). Current evidence suggests that this
trend is clearly related to macro-level economic pressures that
make it difficult for young adults to live independently (Newman
2012; Silva 2013). Penned “the great risk shift” by Jacob Hacker
(2008) and simply “neo-liberalism” by others; the burdens
associated with job insecurity, depressed wages, and the rising
cost of housing and college education shift to individual families
who must adjust to economic pressures. As macro economic
forces continue to erode normative white, middle-class American
paths to adulthood such as marriage, job security and residential
independence, how do young adults and their families understand
“growing up” while living at home? In what follows, I explain
how young adults and their families adjust by crafting alternative
understandings, practices and feelings of ‘adultness’. I
demonstrate how these logics, practices, and feelings of adultness
serve to ideologically preserve capitalism, even in the midst of its
demonstrated failures. Works Cited: Fry, Richard. “A Rising
Share of Young Adults Live in the Parents’ Home: A Record 21
Million in 2012.” (Pew Research: Social and Demographic
Trends, August 1, 2013). Hacker, Jacob S. 2008. The Great Risk
Shift: The New Economic Insecurity and the Decline of the
American Dream. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Newman,
Katherine S. 2012. The Accordion Family: Boomerang Kids,
Anxious Parents, and the Private Toll of Global Competition.
Boston: Beacon Press. Silva, Jennifer M. 2013. Coming Up
Short: Working-Class Adulthood in an Age of Uncertainty.
Oxford: Oxford University Press
“I want to be someone in life:” Youth’s Aspirations as Emotion
Work in El Salvador Meghan Katherine Mordy, Colorado
State University
Research on educational aspirations finds that poor youth have
“irrationally” lofty goals and are highly optimistic about their
chances for academic success even though they come from
families and communities where few youth succeed at school.
This paper examines the aspirations of poor urban youth in El
Salvador. The vast majority of youth in this study say they aspire
to go to college and work as “professionals.” Most believe that
anything short of a college degree ensures a life of precarious
work. These high aspirations are maintained by youth in a
country where only small minority go to college: Of 100
Salvadoran children who enter 1st grade, only 39 graduate
middle school, 22 earn high school degrees, and 12 start college.
Very few young Salvadorans become that “someone” they dream
of being in early adolescence. This paper examines the
aspirations of recent school dropouts. It shows how these youth
continue to express high educational aspirations, even in the face
of academic failure. It uses the concepts of “emotion work” to
describe how youth use aspirations to manage anxiety during
highly uncertain times in their personal lives. It also explores
how this “emotion work” involves youth in individualizing their
academic failures and creating plans for the future which require
major personal changes and self-sacrifice. Lastly, it explores how
dropouts minimize their contact with former peers in efforts to
avoid the shame of leaving school. As a result, youth often lose
networks of peers that could support their reintegration into
schools.
226. Sociology of Religion II
Religion
12:00 to 1:30 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Evan Heimlich, Grossmont College and UCR
Participants:
Believe It or Not, Atheists Can be Sexists Too: The Strategic
Silencing of Feminists Online Stephanie Ann St.Amand, New
Mexico State University
Research suggests that the secular community not only selfdescribe as being more supportive of gender equality than
religious individuals, but they are also more resistant to
traditional gender roles, and have more egalitarian viewpoints
concerning women’s rights. Despite this, a preponderance of
evidence on the blogosphere indicates that atheists are
increasingly participating in gendered online harassment.
Although research indicates that women generally have difficulty
maintaining an online presence without being subjected to
gendered online harassment, the particular context of this issue is
remarkable as the atheist movement has a history of concern for
social justice issues. This study will examine the discursive
tactics atheists use to denigrate, discredit and silence feminist
bloggers inside the online atheist movement. I will use content
analysis to examine hate mail, in the form of comments in
response to blogs, vlogs, and social media updates, and tweets on
twitter directed against relatively well-known feminist atheist
women using a qualitative content analysis research design. As
such, this study will add to the growing body of research
regarding sexist discourse used to intimidate women in the public
sphere. This work will also contribute to the dearth of research
regarding atheists and the atheist movement.
What’s Behind All This “Nones-sense”? Changes Over Time in
Factors Predicting Religious Non-Affiliation in the United
States Kelley D. Strawn, Willamette University
The proportion of people in the United States who, as
respondents on nationally representative surveys, identify as
unaffiliated with any religious tradition has risen steadily over
the past two decades. While there has been considerable popular
discussion of what has caused this trend and what it means, only
a handful of empirical investigations (most notably Hout and
Fisher [2002] and Baker and Smith [2009]) have used statistical
modeling strategies – which allow the researcher to interpret the
effect of one variable while controlling for the effects of several
others – to identify predictive characteristics of these
respondents. These studies point to a range of socio-demographic
and associational variables as significant predictors of religious
non-affiliation. To build on this existing body of work, this
research uses forty years of General Social Survey data and
binary logistic regression to examine the direction and size of
effect of previously identified predictors on the likelihood of
survey respondents self-identifying as religiously unaffiliated.
Most predictors are found to be either increasing in their effect
over time (e.g., political ideology, race) or decreasing (e.g.,
gender, region of residence), with one notable factor – college
education – apparently losing its effect by the beginning of the
new Millenium.
Women and Pastoral Leadership in the Black Church: Hearing
from those involved. Timothy M. Larkin, Grand Canyon
University
The study examines the controversy within the Black Church
concerning women attaining the role of pastor. The data is
gathered through a survey and interview process from a
convenience sample of male and female ministers-in-training and
pastors within the Black Church. The study indicates the
problematic nature of females engaging a dominantly male
leadership process. Issues of access to training, gender roles
within the religious organizations, contradictions that face the
congregation and the cost for female aspirants are explored. The
study indicates that women experience a male dominate
leadership pattern and tradition, inequitable treatment as
ministers-in-training and pastors, within the Black Church. The
study also points to change and the desire for change that is
engaging the Black Church.
“Isolating the Markers From the Ideologies of Islam: Revisiting
a Quantitative Approach in Defining ‘Islamophobia.’” Lucas
L Hanna, University of Northern Colorado
The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that it is not the
questioning of ideologies that is the source of prejudice toward
Muslims, but rather the symbols of Islam and the meaning that
non-Muslim Americans place upon these symbols that generates
‘Islamophobia.’ Using a quantitative survey, 237 undergraduate
students enrolled in introductory level language arts classes were
surveyed to determine the source of ‘Islamophobia.’ Participants
were randomly chosen to answer one of two surveys. Both
groups were given surveys that held religious beliefs constant.
The independent variable being tested is the religious leader that
is portrayed as teaching the different ideologies, one of which is
portrayed as Muslim and the other Christian. A series of semantic
differential and social distance scale items have been answered to
evaluate how the participants feel certain ideologies taught by the
different religious leaders will affect society. T-tests were used to
compare the results of the two surveys. Findings indicate that
participants rated the beliefs presented by the Muslim cleric as
leading society to be more oppressive, violent and fearful than
the same beliefs presented by the Christian cleric on the semantic
differential items. Additionally, respondents identified that they
felt more comfortable keeping a nearer social distance to the
Christian leader, his place of worship and followers of his beliefs
than the Muslim cleric, his place of worship and followers.
Thusly, these findings support the hypothesis that ‘Islamophobia’
is based upon markers of Islam and the interpretations placed
upon them rather than the ideologies.
227. The (Changing) Meaning of Work
12:00 to 1:30 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Participants:
Casual, precarious, insecure or flexible? Identifying and
analysing the discourse of insecure employment. Kate Daisy
Bone, Monash Injury Research Institute, Monash University
The casualisation of work has been steadily increasing over the
last 20 years in Australia and at present between 20 and 40% of
employees work under insecure working contracts. The impacts
of this situation are debated, especially under the new Federal
Government intent on ending ‘The Age of Entitlement’. One
main question requires answering in order to support the
wellbeing of employees. This is, what language should be used to
refer to employees who, according to the Australian Council of
Trade Unions, experience: unpredictable and fluctuating pay;
inferior rights and entitlements; limited or no access to paid
leave; irregular and unpredictable working hours; a lack of
security and/or uncertainty over the length of the job and; limited
say at work over wages, conditions and work organization? As
Bauman (1993, p. 22) argues, “Some words linger longer, leave
deeper grooves than others”. Certain catchy words become
popular or invasive in everyday language. Terms such as casual,
contract, contingent, flexible, temporary, non-standard, atypical,
irregular, vulnerable, informal, uncertain, transient, precarious
and insecure commonly appear and are often used
interchangeably. However, these words have different
connotations and in this project their meanings and the purpose
behind their use in fulfilling the agendas of particular interest
groups has been analysed. An inability to determine how to
characterise workers hinders the ability to understand this
population, record accurate statistics and also explore through
research the issues that face insecure workers in Australia and
globally. One certainty is that ‘casual’ employees are not a
homogenous group and they often do not consider their
employment a casual matter. Bauman Z (1993) The Sweet Scent
of Decomposition. In: Rojek C, Turner B (eds) Forget
Baudrillard? London: Routledge, 22-46.
Changing Careers? Stories and experiences of significant worklife change Jesse Potter, London School of Economics and
Political Science
This paper explores the personal experience of changing ‘career’.
It does so through a narrative lens; through the accounts of men
and women who have undergone dramatic career change. The
literature on the changing structure of career – including that on
‘boundarylessness’ and ‘portfolio’ work – tends to pay less
attention to the way that people deal with these changes. With
this in mind my analysis is twofold: examining, on the one hand,
the well referenced notion that careers are less linear and
predicable than previously theorized; while on the other, the way
that career change is enacted by individuals – how it is negotiated
and experienced. Based on material from a forthcoming Palgrave
monograph, and drawing on empirical research involving 30
narrative interviews with individuals who have undergone
significant work-life transitions, the paper examines the more
subjective, intimate, and interpersonal aspects of careers that are
unstable, or in transition. These more ‘personal’ insights
highlight how focusing on the structure or trajectory of careers
can mask how ‘non-traditional’ careers are actually experienced.
Moreover, emphasis on the changing career form overshadows
the discursive predominance of more traditional or linear notions;
that the expectation of progress, promotion, and linearity – often
associated with career – remains hegemonic. Therefore, the
challenge of changing careers has as much to do with the
persistence of (normative) ambitions, pressures, and expectations
– that career’s ‘should’ be stable, linear, and ‘progressive’ – as it
does with the volatility of career structures, or the fragmentation
of career trajectories.
Life on Glass: Screen-mediated work and frustration in the
production of the audience commodity Michael L Siciliano,
University of California - Los Angeles
This paper attempts to extend theories of screen-mediated
experience drawn from the sociology of markets into the
sociology of work. Drawing primarily on Urs Bruegger and
Karin Cetina’s theories of inhabiting economic life’s global
microstructures and objects of knowledge, I begin by
constructing a typology of screen-mediated work experiences. I
then present qualitative data gathered through fieldwork that I
conducted within a digital media organization that I call
Obsession. This company generates revenue by monitoring,
analyzing, and selling digital media audiences to advertisers.
Within this firm, worker experience differs markedly from other
technological intensive, screen-mediated workplaces in that
employees experience frustration rather than pleasurable,
embodied immersion with regard to the screen. In order to
explain this unexpected finding, I conclude that Bruegger and
Cetina’s theory may be extended into the workplace by paying
closer attention to a worker’s capacity for action within a screen,
the temporality of interaction within a screen, and the
transparency of information presented by screens.
The Long Arm of the Job in Times of Insecurity. Work and
Social Participation in Germany Christian Hohendanner,
Institute for Employment Research
A major concern of sociologists is the impact of work on other
domains of social life. In recent years, flexible forms of
employment like fixed-term contracts, temporary agency work or
marginal part-time work increased significantly. In addition,
many regular employees faced an increase in their workload. At
the same time, there is a decline in social and political
participation in Germany. Following spill-over theory and
previous empirical research, working conditions are likely to
influence civic engagement and social participation. However,
evidence on the relation between the employment status and
social participation is scarce. Therefore, I investigate the
relationship between different forms of employment (selfemployment, regular and temporary employment), nonemployment (unemployment, housework, retirement) and social
participation in Germany.
Discussant:
228. ASA and PSA Meeting with High School Teachers of Social
Sciences
Other Group Meeting
1:45 to 3:15 pm
Session Organizers:
Jean Shin, American Sociological Association
229. Visual Sociology Projects in the Classroom; Institutional
Learning Objectives and Teaching Diversity and Social Justice
Teaching Sociology
1:45 to 3:15 pm
Session Organizers:
Akello Joseph Stone, El Camino College
Beverly Yuen Thompson, Siena College
Presider:
Matthew Baron Rotondi, UC Riverside
Participants:
Visual Sociology Assignments in the Classroom Akello Joseph
Stone, El Camino College; Beverly Yuen Thompson, Siena
College
In this teaching workshop the presenters will overview various
web-based technologies that can be used to create innovative
student assignments. These assignments can be applied to any
level or topic of sociology class. Through such assignments,
students can gain skills necessary for living in an online
environment as well as a technologically rich working world. Not
only will students be required to write proper content for their
assignments, but they will also learn the skills of design,
presentation, and addressing multiple audiences (online and faceto-face). Finally, instructors will also learn how to house their
courses in class blogs, showcasing student work, and inviting the
public to observe or interact with class content (including with
experts related to the topics at hand). The technology to be
overviewed includes: Prezi.com, Wordpress.com,
GoAnimate.com, Twitter, weelby.com and YouTube videos.
Prezi.com is a presentation platform that creates visually
dynamic, non-linear, online presentation for both face-to-face
and virtual audiences. Wordpress.com is a blogging, or web
design interface, with which students can create research pages,
and short, in-class blog responses. With GoAnimate.com,
students can use this text-to-talk animation software to create
characters that interact with each other in a chosen setting. Using
this, students can have one or two characters talk about an
academic topic, have a conversation about a sociological issue,
provide an abstract for a presentation, or answer a complex
problem. Twitter can keep students and audiences connected in
short updates about the latest classroom activities. Weebly.com
provides free web sites with a “drag and drop” approach to web
site design. Youtube provides a platform for students to host
videos, including video blogs and public service announcements.
By creating technological assignments, students not only create
content (writing, photographs, videos), but create an entire
platform on which to showcase their work. Such displays can be
used for online portfolios of work in an age when employers
need workers with a variety of skills, including using online
platforms.
Meeting the University's Institutional Learning Objective:
Faculty Developed Resources for Teaching Diversity and
Social Justice Rose Wong, California State University, East
Bay; Duke Austin, California State University, East Bay;
Sukari Ivester, California State University, East Bay;
Colleen Fong, Cal State University, East Bay
In Spring CSU East Bay adopted a diversity and social justice
Institutional Learning Outcome (ILO), where graduates of the
university will be able to "Apply knowledge of diversity and
multicultural competencies to promote equity and social justice
in our communities." We will highlight our efforts to meet this
objective through a faculty mentoring program and the
production of an in-house teaching guide. CSUEB is the most
diverse campus on the US mainland, with 12,000 undergraduate
and 1,300 graduate students, where students of color comprise
62.15% and white students 20.32%. Colleen Fong will provide
opening remarks detailing the racial diversity of the students and
an overview of the Faculty Mentoring Program. Mentees Duke
Austin and Sukari Ivester will report on the new content and
teaching methods they use in their respective upper division
sociology courses, how students responded, and their overall
assessment. Professor Austin will discuss how students in his
"Crossing Borders, Crossing Boundaries" class hosted students
from Oakland International High School, a public school
designed for recent immigrants. Professor Ivester will discuss
how she and her students co-created a syllabus on the first day of
class in her "Social Psychology" course. Rose Wong will discuss
the origins and development of the online Teaching Guide she
compiled and provide a demonstration. Colleen Fong will make
closing remarks on the challenges of meeting this ILO with such
a highly diverse student population.
230. Higher Education: Understanding Enrollment and Student
Success
1:45 to 3:15 pm
Session Organizer:
Megan Thiele, SJSU
Presider:
Participants:
Do Interpersonal Disputes Affect Academic Success?
Preliminary Findings from a Campus Survey Heather
Foster, Northern Arizona University
This paper addresses the research question: ‘Do interpersonal
disputes affect academic success?’ Our review of the literature
suggests there may be a connection between student disputes and
academic performance. Adrian-Taylor, Noels, and Tischler
(2009), Punyanunt-Carter and Wrench (2008), and Mamchur and
Myrick (2003), for example found that relationships with
mentors and advisors affect academic life and career goals.
Krumei, Newton, and Kim (2010) and DiPaola, Roloff, and
Peters (2010) further these findings by looking at the effects of
students’ interpersonal conflict on their social and academic
lives. In their surveys of university students, Brockman, Nunez,
and Basu (2010) and Zigarovich and Myers (2011) found that a
third party presence is essential to peaceful resolution. In this
student, undergraduate and graduate students collaborated in the
collection and analysis of campus survey data (N=106). The 30item questionnaire gathered information about such things as: the
types of disputes students have with university personnel and
other students, their satisfaction with dispute intervention, and
predictors of academic success. For this paper, we report the
results of statistical tests of the relationship between students’
experiences of disputes and their efforts to achieve academic
success while controlling for the effects of demographics. We
will also report the effects of intervening variables like the type
of issue at dispute, the type of resolution assistance offered to
students, and the personnel who provide it. We will assess the
implications these findings have for the literature about student
dispute resolution and academic success and for assessing
campus dispute resolution services.
Heterogeneous Treatment Effects of Postsecondary Preparation
on College Enrollment by Parental Immigration and
Immigrant Group Brian Holzman, Stanford University
The U.S. has seen great change in the number and composition of
immigrants. Since 1960, the foreign-born population more than
doubled and the primary sending countries shifted from Europe
to Latin America and Asia (Grieco et al. 2012). Guaranteeing
college access may be difficult for immigrants today due to
“inadequate information about college opportunities and how to
access them, cultural differences, citizenship issues, language
barriers, and, too frequently, discrimination” (Baum & Flores,
2011, p. 172). Furthermore, the U.S. has a stratified system of
higher education which requires a detailed knowledge of the
numerous steps to college entry (Roksa et al. 2007). This study
seeks to integrate literature on immigrant assimilation and
acculturation, specifically theory on the context of reception,
with research on college choice to examine how postsecondary
preparation, or the steps to college, differentially affects
immigrant children. Using data from the Education Longitudinal
Study of 2002 and propensity score matching, I test whether
students who complete the FAFSA are more likely to enroll in a
four-year institution. Additionally, I examine whether this effects
varies by parental immigration and immigrant group. Preliminary
findings indicate that the effect of FAFSA on college enrollment
is positive and does not differ much among the children of
immigrants. In the cases in which it does differ—native Blacks
and immigrant Other Hispanics—the effects are positive. While
this heterogeneous Hispanic effect is promising support of the
theory, there is some indication that model improvements are a
necessary next step.
The effect of campus climate on undergraduate student-parents’
academic performance Roman Nunez, UCR
Student-parents are a growing population in American colleges
and universities (Bean and Metzner 1985). Research has
examined non-traditional students, such as older students, parttime students, and commuters, but student-parents are
understudied (Bean and Metzner 1985). The little research on
student-parents shows that student-parents face challenges, such
as balancing their studies with child care, and may need unique
resources to succeed not only as students but also as parents
(Lynch 2008). Other research examines campus climate effects
on student outcomes but has not examined student-parents
specifically (Elder et al. 2009). While other research examines
family friendly policies in the workplace, little research examines
the family friendliness of campus environments, as experienced
by student-parents (Kiger et al. 2009). This study fills the gap in
research on student-parents by examining how student-parents at
UCR experience the campus climate with regard to family and
the impact of that experience on academic outcomes.
Discussant:
Nathan D. Martin, Arizona State University
231. Science and Technology
Science and Technology
1:45 to 3:15 pm
Session Organizer:
Ryan A Light, University of Oregon
Presider:
Bridget Harr, UC Santa Barbara
Participants:
Assembled and Forgotten: Managing the Sexual Assault Kit
Backlog in New York City Andrea Quinlan, Cornell
University
Police investigators and prosecutors routinely rely on sexual
assault kits to document survivors’ physical injuries and identify
perpetrators of sexual assault. Recently, large backlogs of
untested sexual assault kits have come to light in many cities
across the United States, which has sparked public controversies
over the value, necessity, and management of sexual assault kits.
This paper examines the history of the New York City sexual
assault kit backlog. Drawing on qualitative interviews with rape
crisis advocates, law enforcement, and hospital staff, the paper
explores some of the origins of the NYC backlog and the efforts
to clear it in the early 2000’s. The paper discusses the role that
this apparent closure of controversy in NYC has played in
escalating national controversies about sexual assault kit
backlogs. Through this history, this paper offers empirical
illustration and theoretical insights into how the value and
credibility of forensic technologies can become sources of
controversy and products of negotiation between medical and
legal actors.
Scientific Autonomy and Its Limits Dilshani Sarathchandra,
University of Idaho
The larger scientific community considers scientific autonomy as
an essential component of progress in science. Accordingly,
scientific progress requires that scientists, research groups, and
scientific organizations be allowed to make decisions pertaining
to their work, free from outside interference. However,
restrictions to autonomy abound in science. A rich array of
research has focused on external restrictions (e.g., government
control) imposed on autonomy, in order to prevent harm to
people, society, to the environment, or to promote social goods.
In this paper, I argue that scientists’ day-to-day framing of the
issue itself restricts autonomy through processes of selfregulation that occur within the institutional structure of science.
Using findings from a study conducted among bioscientists in a
U.S. research university, I show that definitions and frames of
scientific autonomy are redefined from an absolute
right/responsibility to a pragmatic research strategy.
Explaining HPV Vaccine Technology: Goal-Oriented versus
Pragmatic Models of Action Natalie Aviles, University of
California-San Diego
While the reception of Gardasil, the first human papillomavirus
(HPV) vaccine, has attracted the attention of many sociologists
due to its relationship to gender, sexuality, and global
inequalities, few scholars have attempted to explain the peculiar
biomedical technology comprising this vaccine. Current
explanations account for the development of this technology by
scientists at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) counterfactually,
attributing decision-making around the technology to scientists’
values of efficacy in clinical trial performance rather than
efficiency in reducing the global burden of disease. While
important exercises in the ethics of pharmaceutical manufacture,
these explanations subscribe to a goal-oriented model of action
that fails to take into account important theoretical developments
in the sociology of science that offer empirically richer and more
compelling models of laboratory practice. In this paper I offer a
competing account of the development of HPV vaccine
technology based on a model of action grounded in pragmatist
cultural sociology and science and technology studies. The
pragmatist model of action explains decision-making in the
development of HPV vaccine technologies as a process of
problem-solving in the face of material and social resistances. I
argue that this pragmatist approach better accounts for how NCI
scientists adapted their research to changing organizational
environments and technical problems, and thus remains more
faithful to the historical record. Finally, I argue that this approach
encourages more rigorous counterfactual reasoning, as it grounds
counterfactuals in interpretive comparisons of closely analogous
historical events, such as efforts to investigate virally-induced
cancers at NCI during the 1970s.
“Scientific” Polling and the Rhetorical Use of Statistical
Sampling: boundary- and conflation-work Dominic Lusinchi,
“Scientific” pollsters (Archibald Crossley, George H. Gallup, and
Elmo Roper) emerged onto the American media scene in 1935.
Much of what they did in the years that followed was to establish
both the political and scientific legitimacy of their enterprise: in
short they worked hard to be recognized as the only legitimate
producers of public opinion. In this paper, I will show how
statistical sampling, even though it was not part of these
pollsters’ methodology, was nevertheless used, in the 1930s and
‘40s, as a rhetorical tool to promote the scientific legitimacy of
this form of polling. First it was used by the scientific pollsters
to demarcate themselves from (non-scientific) straw polls
(boundary-work), and second, to derive symbolic benefits
through a sort of “halo-effect” of being associated with the
science of statistics (conflation-work). These practices are
studied by analyzing the utterances, written (articles in
newspapers and journals) and verbal (testimonies, interviews) of
the principal protagonists of scientific polling, but Gallup
especially.
232. Research Design and Quantitative Methods
Methods
1:45 to 3:15 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Feng Hao, Washington State University
Participants:
Research Design: Processes and Patterns in Medical Sociology
Adetayo OLORUNLANA, Igbinedion University, Okada, Edo
State, Nigeria
Research process is germane to sociological enterprise.
Sociology, as a field of study, includes numerous sub-fields such
as sociology of development, political sociology, industrial
sociology, criminology, sociology of education, demography,
mathematical sociology, environmental sociology, medical
sociology among others. This work, using research design as its
central focus addresses such questions as: what strategy?
Following what framework? From whom will the data be
collected? How will the data be collected and analysed in the
field of medical sociology. Each of these sections is important in
the overall research process, especially for quantitative study.
Conversely, sociologists with qualitative orientations may not
apply all the stated processes but will adequately employ some of
these processes. The aim of this paper, therefore, is to itemize
and analyse the peculiar methodological processes that medical
sociologists need or do undertake in order to arrive at empirical
findings with research design as the nucleus.
Analyzing the Impact of Networks: Competing Approaches
Social network analysis (SNA) is sometimes viewed as too
descriptive in nature (Hanneman and Riddle 2005), yet there are
ways to do explanatory analysis with SNA. In this presentation, I
compare two approaches, both of which go beyond descriptive
analysis and analyze the impact of networks. One approach,
forwarded by McAdam (1986) in his work on Freedom Summer,
keeps individuals as the units and looks at the impact of their
close friends on their behavior. The second approach, seen in
Peoples (2008) and elsewhere, uses dyadic pairs (i and j) as units
and examines the impact of ties on collaborative behavior. I will
ultimately argue that either approach represents a step forward
for SNA; the approach chosen depends greatly on the specific
research question at hand.
Neighborhood Radius Predictive Equations from Hand-Drawn
Maps Carlos Siordia, University of Pittsburgh
Researchers interested in developing measures of the
environment must commonly define the geographic properties of
“neighborhoods”. Investigations frequently use “circular spatial
buffers” to measure the environment. This project aids this line
of research by providing Neighborhood Radius (NeRa)
estimating equations. The project uses digitized hand-drawn
paper maps and computational geometry (i.e., minimum
bounding circle) in ArcMap® 10.2. The specific aim is to
develop a set of predictive equations for estimating a study
subject’s approximate neighborhood radius. The main goal of the
NeRa predictive equations is to allow researchers using datasets
without hand-drawn neighborhood polygons the ability to
quantitatively approximate a neighborhood radius for their study
subjects. The study uses more than 4,000 observations from
Making Connections (2002-2004)— a cross-sectional community
initiative study. Seven NeRa equations are presented with the
most comprehensive NeRa equation being as follows: NeRa=
β_Intercept+β_age+β_sex+β_race+β_education+β_nativity+β_re
nter+β_density+β_stability
233. The Politics and Poetics of Ethnography: Ethnographers on
the Craft of Fieldwork
Ethnography
1:45 to 3:15 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Discussants:
Victor Rios, University of California, Santa Barbara
Cid Martinez, University of San Diego
Alexandre Frenette, Arizona State University
Jacob Avery, UC Irvine
234. When Millennials are Taken Off-Line: Behavioral,
Emotional, and Interactional Responses--Insights Gained;
Changes Claimed
1:45 to 3:15 pm
Session Organizers:
Cristina Bodinger-deUriarte, CSULA
Presider:
Cristina Bodinger-deUriarte, CSULA
Participants:
Not Without My Smartphone: Technological Determinism and
Social Construction of Technology (SCOT) among
Millennials Daniel Okamura, California State University Los
Angeles
Millennial college students asked to avoid digital technologies
kept a journal indicating devices and activities “given up” and
reporting on substitute activities each hour across twelve
consecutive hours. A smartphone was reported as given up most
often during this time frame by a very large majority of
participants. One unanticipated outcome of this project, was the
frequency with which participants found themselves unable to
come up with analog alternatives to their everyday behaviors
generally mediated by phone. This stands in contrast to the
existence of most—but not all—of these capabilities prior to
smartphone technology. Even where analogs were enacted, they
were often described as qualitatively different and were
considered to be disruptions rather than equivalencies. Insight
can be gained by approaching these emotional and behavioral
responses to smartphone deprivation through the lens of
technological determinism versus the social construction of
smartphone use. In looking at participant reports of emotional
and behavioral responses to digital deprivation, some questions
can be addressed. What kind of connectivity do Millennials gain
from their smartphones, and how do they qualitatively experience
such connectivity? Data indicate that the digital is not a direct
replacement for the analog and thus, a combined approach is
needed to understand how Millennials appreciate the loss of their
beloved smartphones.
Offline as Misaligned: Emotions, Behaviors and Interactions
when Millennials Lose Mediated Contexts and Role
Centrality Cristina Bodinger-deUriarte, CSULA
Millennials seem to have grown up developing complementary
or differential self-concepts, role primacy and interactional
identities in online environments versus directly-inhabited
environments. This distinction, however, has become
increasingly blurred and decreasingly salient for Millennials;
their digital devices redefine and mediate their directly-inhabited
environments and online norms incorporate distilled, controlled
impression management “documentation” of directly-inhabited
environments. Millennial college students spent twelve hours
without access to digital technology. Emotional, behavioral and
interactional responses to directly-inhabited environments was
impacted to an unanticipated degree, especially considering the
time period. (1) The strength of the distress expressed in
perceived loss of control—as in being: “forced” to experience
silence; “unable” to tune out environmental stimulus;
“forbidden” to document multiple aspects of these twelve-hours;
“made” to experience something directly, without digitally
validating it; “forced” to mono-task; “required” to pay more
attention to driving, navigation, and strangers. (2) The extreme
mood swings within a single hour—as in happiness in
discovering some formerly unnoticed or undervalued quality in
the directly-inhabited environment dissolving into anger,
frustration and sadness in losing control over mediating some
aspect of that same environment and appreciation for unusual inperson interactions giving way to craving for digitally-mediated
interaction. (3) The intense behavioral reaction and emotive
response to a growing a sense of “peripheral” rather than
“central” status among friends. A significant subset of
Millennials became increasingly demanding and narcissistic as
they tried to cope with the loss of centrality experienced in their
online environments and the loss of control over their directlyinhabited environments.
Is Unmediated More? When In-Person Interaction is (and is not)
an Analog for Telepresence” Berge Apardian, California
State University Los Angeles
“Presence” refers to the experience of one’s own physical
environment. As the internet developed, communication evolved
to include mediated platforms that contribute to ones
“telepresence.” Millennials developed in a social context in
which people simultaneously exist in two different environments:
one of presence—the physical environment in which the person
is located, and one of telepresence—the conceptual or
interactional space accessed through the use of digital devices,
“telespace.” It has been argued that communication in telespace
is qualitatively different than communication when present in
shared physical space. Some differences are not debatable, such
as the ability to “connect” with one another at any time and from
any place and the ability to self-edit and elevate self-monitoring
behaviors in the mediated communication of telespace. This
presentation draws on the journals of millennial college students
without access to digital technology for twelve hours. Journals
revealed clear instances of physical world interactions taking
place that would not have occurred if telepresence had remained
unchecked. This presentation addresses the behavioral,
emotional, and reflective responses to the spontaneous increase
of presence that developed in lieu of telespace interactions when
telepresence was temporarily unavailable. In doing so, it
demonstrates that telepresence and physical presence are not
interchangeable analogs. The research also speaks directly to the
idea of differential quality in the balance of presence and
telepresence for the quality of communication and interaction
among family, friends, and strangers. Finally, the implications
for community are addressed.
Digital Communities Interrupted: The Phenomenology of
Withdrawal” Grzegorz Hryniszak, California State
University, Los Angeles
Millennial-age college students were required to forego the use
of digital technology for twelve consecutive hours. During that
time they were simply asked to record, on an hourly basis, what
they had given up that they would normally have done, what they
did with their time instead, and how they felt. It is important to
note that participants were only asked to report in this very
general manner; no specifics were asked. Our data make it clear
that within the short time frame of twelve hours, a significant
subset of the participants reported cravings and emotional states
indicating a compulsive need to use digital technology. Many
specifically described themselves as overly-dependent, as
addicted, and as experiencing withdrawal. Whether or not selfreports directly referenced addiction, the emotional and
behavioral responses reported were often clear indications of
dependency. This presentation does not address the
pharmacological aspect of physical addiction. The focus is on
behavioral and emotional indicators that corroborate depictions
of dependency on digitally mediated activity and communication.
The data supporting the dependency argument are treated in two
ways. First, participant reports are considered in view of how
well they align with either depictions of substance dependency
(as associated with alcohol or nicotine) or depictions of
behavioral compulsiveness (as associated with gambling).
Second, the presentation will construct a typology of selfproclaimed online “addicts” and examine the socio-psychological
validity of this claim.
Discussant:
Gunnar Valgeirsson, California State University, Los Angeles
235. Social Structure and the Individual: Emotion & Identity
Theory
1:45 to 3:15 pm
Session Organizer:
Jason Wollschleger, Whitworth University
Presider:
Luis Antonio Vila-Henninger, University of Arizona
Participants:
Adam Smith and Contemporary Sociological Microtheory
Cynthia Evelyn Carr, UC Riverside
Adam Smith (1723-1790), considered the father of political
economy and the study of economics, is widely reputed to have
advocated a rational, utilitarian view of human behavior,
however in The Theory of Moral Sentiments Adam Smith sounds
much more like a cross between George Herbert Mead, Candace
Clark, Joseph Berger, and Irving Goffman than he does Friedrich
Hayek. This paper teases out the similarities between Smith’s
Sentiments and modern microtheory, particularly in the shared
concern with how exterior social structure becomes part of the
individual psyche, and the importance of performance roles and
emotions, dealing particularly with the work of Mead, Clark,
Berger, and Goffman. This is not to say that Adam Smith is
responsible for interactionist theory – clearly if Sentiments was
read it would only have served as a springboard to new
inspiration. If it was not read, then the similarities only make
clear the acuity and modern sensibility of Smith’s observations.
Effects of Impression Management among Homeless Young
Adults that use Social Networking Sites Kimberly Anne
Trevino, University of Northern Colorado
I am conducting participant interviews and qualitative analysis of
Facebook profiles owned by homeless young adults to see if
online impression management positively affects their
stigmatized homeless identity. Drawing from warrant theory,
this research could contribute valuable insights into how social
media use may be useful in building self-esteem, maintain social
ties and minimize identity loss that is attributed to stigmatization.
Research has shown that homeless youth use technology and still
practice routine of social media usage similarly to their teen
college counterparts (Guadagno et al., 2012). This work in
progress is an attempt to explore how social media impression
management capabilities, although limited to internet access,
allows for the homeless individuals to maintain an identity,
separate from the stigmatized identity. To achieve this, I will
perform a warrant evaluation of Facebook profiles using the lens
model, which will evaluate the how participants perceive
homeless individuals profiles and whether they can tell homeless
from non-homeless profiles. I expect that participants reviewing
profiles will not be able to distinguish homeless from nonhomeless individual and that homeless Facebook users will
maintain an identity separate from their stigmatized homeless
identity.
The Barn Kids: How One Group Makes its Mark at the
Intersection of Two Communities JJ Christofferson,
I am conducting participant observation and qualitative
interviews at a skateboarding-based youth group in the West to
see how cultural creation and diffusion can be achieved in the
context of this group. Drawing from social identity theory, this
research could contribute valuable insights into how adolescents
navigate their identities within the many groups that comprise
their social worlds. There is strong motivation for the members
of a small group to conform to the other members of their group,
which is shaped by larger structural forces. At the same time, the
small group is seen as a site of cultural creation by “providing
opportunity structures that permit the development of meanings
and social systems that extend beyond group boundaries” (Fine
2012, p. 161). This work in progress is an attempt to explore how
the small group, despite its high levels of conformity, allows
enough differentiation for the creation of culture that is in turn
adopted outside the group. To achieve this, I am using situational
analysis to see how the multiple discourses surrounding the
group allow for identity creation that extends beyond the
boundaries of the group. I expect to find that that the specific
context of this group provides adolescents with lenses to view
different aspects of their identity, and that they incorporate these
lenses in the other groups they are a part of in the community.
The Genomic Self and the Biopolitics of Neo-Liberalism
kathryn hausbeck korgan, UNLV; Andrew F. Harper, UNLV
Department of Sociology
The mapping of the human genome afforded scientists
unprecedented insight into the machinations of the human body
and reinvigorated debate over the enduring question of nature vs.
nurture. It also marked the beginning of the genomic era in which
identity is coded, translated, and manipulated in ways that
impacts our understanding of the body social. This paper
explores the self in the genomic era by examining the ways in
which individual identity connects to the Foucaultian biopolitics
of big data, translational science, and the neoliberal global arena.
We document how medical access to our genomic information,
as well as popular applied uses of genetic mapping and decoding,
are on the cusp of creating a new code of life and lifestyles, of ingroups and out-groups, indeed, of new subjectivities. These new
social categories and the possibilities emerging from the frontier
of genomics promise to unseat old hierarchies, generate new
ones, and invite new modes of thought and being. Using a
conceptual framework that mimics DNA’s double helix, we
weave together examples from the front lines of these new body
politics with a critical theoretical model that situates the genomic
self in the contested realms of symbolic meaning,
subjectification, global biotechnology and neo-liberal markets.
236. Author Meets Critic: Julie Shayne, "Taking Risks: Feminist
Activism and Research in the Americas." (Hardback July
2014; paperback Jan 2015)
1:45 to 3:15 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Gabriela Fried, Cal State Los Angeles
Discussants:
Julie Shayne, University of Washington Bothell
Molly Talcott, California State University, Los Angeles
Emily Thuma, University of California, Irvine
Norma Chinchilla, California State University, Long Beach
237. War, Peace and the Military
Peace, War, and Military
1:45 to 3:15 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Participants:
A “Conspiracy of Silence”: Institutional and Personal
Investment in Suppressing the Traumas of Cambodian
Refugees Yvonne Y Kwan, University of California, Santa
Cruz
It has has taken almost forty years for the United Nations and
Cambodia to identify and try Khmer Rouge leaders for their
crimes against humanity and genocide. This lack of international
recognition and justice is one of the many ways in which violent
history has been silenced and relegated to obscurity. Because of a
lack of textbooks and course materials on the Khmer Rouge and
because of parents’ unwillingness to share their experiences,
many American-born children of Cambodian refugees often do
not know what happened during the United States bombing of
Cambodia, the reign of the Khmer Rouge, or the aftermath of the
fall of the Khmer Rouge. Some hear bits and pieces of
information from parents, but others hear none at all. Even if
present, this communication process is mediated by non-stories,
off-hand comments, or silences. As identified by Holocaust
scholars, this “conspiracy of silence,” which is prominent among
first generation survivors of violent social traumas, acts as a
source of transgenerational transmission of trauma. This paper
presentation identifies institutional and personal investments in
silences as reasons why children of Cambodian refugees often do
not know about their family histories. Overall, this paper
presentation will also discuss how international and educational
policy, mental health illness, and intergenerational conflicts
perpetuate such conspiracies of silence over the atrocities that
happened in Cambodia starting from the 1960s.
Heroic Selection Mechanisms: Measuring an Institutionally
Ideal American Soldier James G. Beneda, University of
California, Santa Cruz
Working from Iddo Tavory’s theory of moral action, I argue that
the US Army’s ethics doctrine-its institutionally mandated
frameworks for ethical decisionmaking and moral behavior—
serves as a selection mechanism that separates successful soldiers
from ordinary citizens. This project relies on automated content
analysis to trace the diffusion of this ideology of morally
appropriate conduct within the US Army institution. A linguistic
profile composed of keywords and phrases and their frequencies
and relationships within doctrinal texts is used to identify the
baseline elements of the Army’s ethics doctrine, both as it was
established in the years before the Iraq War and the revisions that
have occurred since. I compare this baseline against
approximately 5,000 master’s theses from the Army’s internal
Masters of Military Science degree programs to trace the
development, propagation, and adoption of ethics doctrine across
the institution since the 1990s. The contexts in which these
linguistic patterns appear (in writings on strategy, tactics, or
administration, for example) can reveal the institutional and
political circumstances to which doctrinal changes have
responded. The application of ethics doctrine by Army leaders is
then compared against evidence of its influence on lower ranking
soldiers, collected from interviews with recent Iraq War veterans.
Ultimately, the project considers the use of ethics doctrine in the
regulation of individual behavior, the methods and limits of
decisionmaking processes, the influence of historical legacies on
present practices, the relative power of various political interests,
and the motives of those interests for pursuing institutional
change or continuity.
Indirect Health Effects of War: Chronic Illness Daniel Poole,
University of Utah
This study examines the impact of armed conflict on female and
male adult cardiovascular disease mortality. Indirect health
consequences of war have not been given enough attention in
social science research. The depletion of resources, access to
health care, and general disruption to every day life during times
of armed conflict create excess stress and burdens which increase
deaths caused by cardiovascular disease. I use a variety of data to
measure demographic, developmental, and conflict related
outcomes spanning a forty-year period from 1960-2000 in more
than one hundred countries. I find that all types of armed conflict
increase cardiovascular disease mortality rates among females
and males across countries and over time, with the effect being
greater on females.
The National Security State and the Management of Dissent:
Reflections on the CIA's Operation Chaos Kara Dellacioppa,
CSU Dominguez Hills
This paper will be a work in progress that examines the legacy of
the little known, little discussed CIA secret program, MH Chaos,
a domestic surveillance and operations program that began in
1967 that targeted the Black liberation movement, the new left,
the peace movement, and the underground antiwar press. It will
examine its relationship to the Watts Rebellion of 1965 and the
CIA’s Phoenix program in Vietnam and what lessons might be
learned for those engaged in political dissent today. The
presentation will be based on an extensive literature review
including the government reports such as the Church Committee,
Pike Committee and Rockefeller Commission reports from the
1970s. It will also include an analysis of documents declassified
from the period gathered from the National Security Archive.
238. Gender, Work & Family
1:45 to 3:15 pm
Session Organizer:
Presider:
Participants:
Gender, Occupational Prestige, and Work/Family Conflict
Heather McCabe, Portland State University
As many Americans move away from the traditional homemakerbreadwinner family model, research on gender and work/family
conflict has become increasingly important and the question of
gender difference in experiences of work/family conflict
continues to be relevant. While there is research that shows
women tend to experience significantly greater work/family
conflict than men, there are also studies that have shown little or
no gender difference. This current study contributes to the
debate by examining the impact of gender and occupational
prestige on working parents’ perceptions of work/family conflict,
measured by survey respondents’ perceptions of work-to-family
and family-to-work spillover.
Women's Discrimination Perceptions and the Opting-Out
Phenomenon Laureen K. O'Brien, University of Arizona;
Amanda M. Lubold, Indiana State University, Terre Haute
Recent qualitative scholarship has highlighted the importance of
negative workplace relationships and structural inequalities in
predicting highly-educated mothers’ departures from top
managerial and executive jobs, a phenomenon known as
“Opting-out.” This research will examines whether perceptions
of sex and race discrimination at work affect “opting-out”
behavior using data from the National Longitudinal Study of
Youth Young and Mature Women Cohorts (1967-2003), and the
National Study of the Changing Workforce (2002-2008). Other
health outcomes, such as increased stress and acute medical
conditions, are also examined. Early data analyses indicate that
perceptions of race and sex discrimination have increased over
time, reflect increases in education and occupational status, and
increased awareness of discrimination as a barrier to workforce
advancement.
Latina Department Store Workers and Subjective Occupational
Mobility Janette Diaz, UC, Santa Barbara
Department stores, especially mid and upper-level department
stores, are designed as sites of leisure (Benson 1986). This
environment is designed to appeal to customers to encourage
consumption. Yet, this environment is also appealing to some
workers. Latina women who find themselves relegated to the
low-wage sector as a result of their race/ethnicity, gender and
class are drawn to this environment. For these Latina workers,
work at a mid-level department store provides a sense of
occupational mobility as they compare their work at the
department store to previous employment experiences. Their
sense of mobility, however, is subjective to their marginalized
positions in the labor market.
Discussant:
Erin Trouth Hofmann, Utah State University

Here - The Pacific Sociological Association

Transcription

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